Novel backsheet substructure applied to bipv curtain walls
Patent Information
- Application Number
- EP2023929046
- Authority / Receiving Office
- EP · EP
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-03-24
- Publication Date
- 2026-01-21
Smart Images

Figure CN2023083625_03102024_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
NOVEL BACKSHEET SUBSTRUCTURE APPLIED TO BIPV CURTAIN WALLSTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present invention relates to the field of BIPV (Building Integrated Photovoltaic) curtain wall applications, and in particular, to a novel backsheet substructure applied to BIPV curtain walls.BACKGROUND
[0002] With the continuous development of Building Integrated Photovoltaic, photovoltaic materials are more and more used in the daily life, and photovoltaic building panels are widely applied on building roofs for solar power generation in terms of reducing indoor energy consumption. In recent years, in order to achieve carbon neutrality, Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) and applications thereof have been rapidly expanded to make building members, such as facades, into power generation and aesthetic units, as shown in FIG. 1. Such a BIPV technology should not only generate electricity power, but also achieve the basic functions of building materials thereof, such as thermal insulation, fire resistance and wind resistance, on which BIPV curtain wall applications have higher requirements compared to roof systems and ground-mounted solar power stations. To meet all these critical requirements, not only PV glass panels but also the substructure part of a BIPV module should play a very important role here.
[0003] The conventional substructures of BIPV curtain walls are mainly additional structures to assist the installation of BIPV curtain walls. The main problems of such structures are as follows:
[0004] a) mechanical property (particularly, wind load resistance) : The mechanical property of the conventional additional structures is weak, limiting the application of BIPV curtain walls in high-rise buildings. Specifically:
[0005] Referring to FIG. 1, an installation structure in the prior art is to directly fix the BIPV curtain wall by using a clamp structure. However, because the mechanical load of using clamps will be concentrated on some small areas of glass panels, the edge of the curtain wall may be damaged first and the whole installation structure may fail. Although such an installation structure is cheap economically, its load strength is limited, so it is only suitable for low-rise buildings rather than high-rise buildings.
[0006] Referring to FIG. 2, another installation structure in the prior art is a backrail installation structure to reinforce the BIPV curtain wall, with two backrails 2 being fixed on the BIPV curtain wall in a sticking manner by glue. Compared with the clamp installation structure, such a backrail installation structure enhances the mechanical load of the BIPV curtain wall. However, as can be clearly seen from FIG. 2, the backrail 2 has a special shape, which leads to high manufacturing cost in terms of roll forming and cutting. In practical construction projects, in the case of panels with various sizes, due to the special structure of the aforementioned backrail, it often happens that the length of the backrail cannot be extended or the backrail cannot be cut into smaller sizes, resulting in great material waste. In addition, when installed on a tall building, the backrail part of the backrail 2 has the problem of failure due to the increase of wind load. Therefore, it is necessary to further design an improved installation structure.
[0007] As shown in FIG. 3, another installation structure is a hanging installation structure, which reinforces the edge area of the BIPV curtain wall and installs the BIPV curtain wall by employing the hanging principle. FIG. 3 shows two independent hanging profiles 13 of the hanging installation structure, which fix a locking device 14 to a vertical profile 12, so as to fix the two independent hanging profiles 13. It should be noted that the aforementioned hanging profiles 13 are thin and therefore unable to provide high deformation-resistant strength, the aforementioned hanging structure is also located at the edge of the BIPV curtain wall, making the distance between the two independent hanging profiles wider than that in the case of the backrail structure, and as a result, the middle of the BIPV curtain wall is lack of mechanical support, making mechanical failure easier to happen.
[0008] b) fire resistance: The conventional additional structures takes into account the fire-resistant function of the back area of BIPV curtain walls;
[0009] For example, the aforementioned three structures in FIGs. 1 to 3 do not protect the back area of the BIPV curtain wall, so in case of fire, the flame can climb along the inside of the building and directly attack the BIPV curtain wall. It should be noted that the back area is a key aspect of the BIPV curtain wall, because the back of the BIPV curtain wall is more prone to bending and breaking, and after the back of the BIPV curtain wall is broken, the laminated glue of the BIPV curtain wall begins to melt and leak to the fire source due to excessive heat. Therefore, it is very important to protect the back part of the BIPV curtain wall. It is reported that in some patents, the fire resistance of the BIPV curtain wall is enhanced by applying refractory glass to the BIPV curtain wall to increase the thickness of the BIPV curtain wall, e.g. 5 mm (front glass) + 3.2 mm (glass substrate) + 5 mm (back glass) or 3.1 mm (front glass) +2.1 mm (glass substrate) . Obviously, the aforementioned method will increase the actual weight of the BIPV curtain wall. It should be noted that the cost of added refractory glass, such as borosilicate glass or other glass, is 4 to 5 times that of standard soda-lime glass. Obviously, the aforementioned method of adding refractory glass will significantly increase the actual manufacturing cost of the BIPV curtain wall.
[0010] c) thermal insulation property: Thermal insulation structures in the conventional additional structures will reduce the ventilation effect of the BIPV curtain wall, and then increase the temperature of the BIPV curtain wall in actual operation, and then there will be the loss of electricity yield due to the heating of the BIPV curtain wall.
[0011] In SNWC-2021, a BIPV curtain wall product with energy-saving performance is exhibited. A thermal insulation material, such as mineral wool, is attached between the BIPV curtain wall and the cavity of this product. Although such a structure has a positive effect on building energy saving, the panel temperature of the BIPV curtain wall will increase a lot in daily operation due to poor ventilation, which leads to the problem of 15%to 20%electricity loss as a result of panel heating.
[0012] The aforementioned three properties play a decisive role in the structural design of BIPV curtain walls. Therefore, it is desirable to design a novel backsheet substructure for BIPV curtain walls to meet all the aforementioned requirements and properties. Of course, under the premise of considering the aforementioned properties and requirements, the cost problem should also be considered to achieve the balance between the aforementioned requirements and properties and the related cost.
[0013] SUMMARY
[0014] In view of the aforementioned problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a novel backsheet substructure applied to BIPV curtain walls. Compared with the prior art, the key requirements of the backsheet substructure in building construction applications, such as mechanical property, energy saving and fire resistance, are greatly improved in a balanced way. In addition, the novel backsheet substructure has great economic advantages in terms of materials and construction cost.
[0015] In order to achieve the above objective, the present invention adopts a novel backsheet substructure applied to BIPV curtain walls, which is improved under the premise of ensuring the balancing of cost in three aspects, i.e. mechanical property, energy saving and fire resistance. Mainly, a body of a backsheet of the backsheet substructure extends to both sides to form double-trapezoidal structures, which can be preferably formed by pressing a plate in the construction site to save costs in terms of materials and transportation. The double-trapezoidal structures are configured to increase the mechanical deformation-resistant strength of the backsheet and the related fire resistance of the whole BIPV curtain wall. The unique design of such double-trapezoidal structures is mainly aimed at high-rise buildings and roof applications composed of BIPV curtain walls. More importantly, the design of the aforementioned double-trapezoidal structure makes the gaps between the BIPV curtain wall and the double-trapezoidal structures form special ventilation passages. Specifically, the special ventilation passages are inverted trapezoid-shaped ventilation passages, which help implement the self-cooling of the BIPV curtain wall in daily operation. The inverted trapezoid-shaped ventilation passages can easily press airflow to the glass, that is, airflow speed close to the glass will be much faster than that close to the backsheet. In this way, the ventilation self-cooling of the BIPV curtain wall will be very effective.
[0016] In terms of the backsheet size, the backsheet is designed to be larger than the structure of the BIPV curtain wall. It should be noted that the final length of the backsheet may be increased according to the needs of specific projects.
[0017] Further, a side lock is formed on the long-edge leading side of the aforementioned single backsheet by roll forming, and two adjacent backsheets are connected in a side lock fixing manner. It should be noted that it is unnecessary to connect two BIPV curtain walls on the short-edge leading side.
[0018] Further, the aforementioned side lock comprises a straight edge section and a curved section extending outward along the straight edge section and curved, and the lower surface of the curved section abuts against the outer surface of the BIPV curtain wall and forms a hook for fixing the BIPV curtain wall, so that the BIPV curtain walls can be fixed while the two adjacent backsheets are fixed.
[0019] After multiple simulation tests for specific conception and optimization, we propose a detailed design of the backsheet substructure, wherein the backsheet is fixed on a substructure by screws. It should be noted that the substructure refers to a part on a high-rise building, such as a joist or a bracket, the distance between two screws is greater than half of the width of the backsheet, and the length of the bottom part of a middle ventilation passage is greater than those of the bottom parts of side ventilation passages, thus forming a large inverted trapezoid-shaped ventilation passage and two small inverted trapezoid-shaped ventilation passages. The included angle between the bottom part and side part of the ventilation passage is 130° to 140°. In the actual installation process, the bottom boundary of the trapezoidal structure is mechanically fixed to the substructure, and the top of the trapezoidal structure is conveniently attached to the BIPV curtain wall by means of glue. Further, the substructure is a building, a wall or a joist installed on the building / wall, and preferably, the metal joist fixed on the building is chosen as the substructure.
[0020] There are many choices for the backsheet material. Generally speaking, a stainless steel plate is chosen as the backsheet material. Of course, for higher corrosion resistance required in some extreme weather conditions, a specially coated stainless steel (Zn (Mg3Al) or aluminum alloy plate may be adopted as the aforementioned backsheet.
[0021] To sum up, the novel backsheet substructure applied to BIPV curtain walls according to the present invention can perfectly fit a required installation height / area without wasting materials. In addition, compared with the backrail structure, the backsheet mechanism has a shape having a uniform continuous cross section, and almost no materials will be wasted during cutting. In terms of fire resistance, an on-site analysis shows that the cost is lower than that of refractory glass, and the back part of the BIPV curtain wall is effectively protected, In terms of mechanical property, the stress distribution of the backsheet substructure is more uniform, and a simulation analysis shows that the backsheet substructure can bear a wind load of 6000 Pa, so the backsheet substructure is fully suitable for high-rise buildings. In terms of energy saving, the backsheet substructure is more conducive to internal energy saving than added thermal insulation materials and backrail structure.
[0022] Based on the aforementioned novel backsheet substructure applied to BIPV curtain walls, we propose a method for installing the novel backsheet substructure applied to BIPV curtain walls, which comprises the following steps:
[0023] a) installing a joist on a wall;
[0024] b) installing the novel backsheet substructure applied to BIPV curtain walls based on the aforementioned solution;
[0025] c) installing a BIPV module.
[0026] Specifically, the metal joist is fixed on the building wall first, and a roll of unpressed stainless steel plate is then unrolled, and is further pressed to form double-trapezoidal structures on the construction site, with the total length of the backsheet substructure in the vertical direction depending on an installation height inside, wherein the backsheet 7 is a single piece. Here, the backsheet 7 is installed on the joist 10. Because the installed backsheet may have a certain length, an installation robot can be used to place the backsheet along the wall. It should be noted that holes for fixing screws may be made on the site. With the help of a climbing robot, dust and oil stains on the surface of the backsheet is cleaned with alcohol cleaning solution, glue is then continuously or discretely applied onto the backsheet using the installation robot, and finally, the BIPV curtain wall 3 can be installed onto the backsheet 7 according to a standardized coating procedure, which, in some examples, comprises robotic cleaning, adhesion and positioning of the BIPV curtain wall 3.
[0027] With reference to the following description and accompanying drawings, specific embodiments of the present invention will be disclosed in detail, indicating the way by the principle of the present invention can be adopted. It should be understood that the scope of the embodiments of the present invention is not limited by this, and the embodiments of the present invention include many changes, modifications, and equivalents.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0028] FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a clamp structure in the background of the present invention;
[0029] FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a backrail structure in the background of the present invention;
[0030] FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a hanging structure in the background of the present invention;
[0031] FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a novel backsheet substructure applied to BIPV curtain walls in the present invention in which FIG. 4a is a front view of the novel backsheet substructure applied to BIPV curtain walls, FIG. 4b a back view of the novel backsheet substructure applied to BIPV curtain walls, and FIG. 4c a top view of the novel backsheet substructure applied to BIPV curtain walls;
[0032] FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
[0033] FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a second embodiment of the present invention in which FIG. 6a is a front view of the second embodiment, and FIG. 6b a partially enlarged view of the second embodiment;
[0034] FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a third embodiment of the present invention in which FIG. 7a is a schematic diagram after a joist is installed on a wall, FIG. 7b a schematic diagram after the backsheet substructure is installed, and FIG. 7c a schematic diagram after a BIPV curtain wall is installed;
[0035] FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the stress of the clamp structure, the backrail structure and the backsheet substructure under a wind load of 6000 Pa in the present invention in which FIG. 8a is a local stress distribution diagram of the clamp structure, FIG. 8b a local stress distribution diagram of the backrail structure, and FIG. 8c a local stress distribution diagram of the backsheet substructure;
[0036] FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the comparison of various substructures with maximum local stresses under different wind loads in the present invention;
[0037] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the maximum local stress of each module of the BIPV curtain wall using the backsheet substructure under the condition of a wind load of 6000 Pa;
[0038] FIG. 11a is a schematic diagram of a computational domain installed on the BIPV curtain wall through a thermal insulation layer in the present invention, FIG. 11b is an enlarged schematic diagram of area A in FIG. 11a, and FIG. 11c is an enlarged schematic diagram of area B in FIG. 11a;
[0039] FIG. 12a is a schematic diagram of a computational domain installed on the BIPV curtain wall through the backrail structure in the present invention, FIG. 12b is an enlarged schematic diagram of area A in FIG. 12a, and FIG. 12c is an enlarged schematic diagram of area B in FIG. 12a;
[0040] FIG. 13a is a schematic diagram of a computational domain installed on the BIPV curtain wall through the backsheet substructure in the present invention, FIG. 13b is an enlarged schematic diagram of area A in FIG. 13a, and FIG. 13c is an enlarged schematic diagram of area B in FIG. 13a;
[0041] FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of the simulation of indoor temperature fields of BIPV buildings using the thermal insulation layer, the backrail structure and the backsheet substructure in the present invention; and
[0042] FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of the simulation of indoor temperature distributions of the central axis of the BIPV curtain wall buildings.
[0043] Reference numerals:
[0044] 2.Backrail structure; 3. Curtain wall; 4. Indoor air temperature; 5. Heat source; 6. Symmetric boundary; 7. Backsheet; 8. Thermal insulation layer; 9. Side lock; 10. Joist; 12. Vertical profile; 13, Hanging profile; 14. Locking device; 15. Building wall; 16. Installation gap; 17. Double-trapezoidal structure; 19, Screw.DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
[0045] In order to make the objective, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention is further described in detail below in reference to accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only intended to explain the present invention rather than to limit the scope of the present invention.
[0046] It should be noted that if an element is said to be "arranged on or provided with" another element, it may be directly on the another element or there may be an intermediate element; if an element is considered to be "connected to or with" another element, it may be directly connected to the another element or there may also be an intermediate element; "fixed connection" means fixed connection, and there are many fixed connection methods, which are not regarded as being in the protection scope of this article; and the terms "vertical" , "horizontal" , "left" and "right" and similar expressions used in this article are only for the purpose of illustration, and do not represent the only embodiment.
[0047] Unless otherwise defined, all the technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as commonly understood by those skilled in the art of the present invention. The terms used in the present specification herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments, and are not intended to limit the present invention. The term "and / or" used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more related listed items.
[0048] The solution of a novel backsheet substructure applied to BIPV curtain walls is to construct a novel backsheet substructure. After being combined with a BIPV curtain wall, the backsheet substructure achieves the functions of thermal insulation, fire resistance and wind resistance suitable for high-rise buildings on the basis of economy balancing. For BIPV curtain walls, the requirements of applying the aforementioned functions to high-rise buildings are much higher than those of applying the aforementioned functions to low-rise buildings and the ground.
[0049] FIG. 4 shows the schematic diagram of the first embodiment of the novel backsheet substructure. According to the front view of the backsheet substructure shown in FIG. 8a, a backsheet 7 in the backsheet substructure is designed to be larger than a BIPV curtain wall 3, which enables the side of the rear backsheet to be locked at the long edge, as shown in FIG. 10b. It should be noted that in some examples, the final length of the backsheet 7 may be extended according to the needs of specific construction projects.
[0050] Further, more related details about the first embodiment of the novel backsheet substructure will be described below in reference to FIG. 4. The core of the backsheet substructure in the first embodiment is that both sides of the backsheet are provided with double-trapezoidal structures 17, which are configured to enhance the mechanical deformation-resistant strength of the backsheet 7 and the related fire resistance of the entire BIPV curtain wall 3. The unique design of such double-trapezoidal structures 17 is mainly aimed at the BIPV curtain wall 3 of a high-rise building.
[0051] Further, FIG. 4c is a side view of the backsheet substructure attached to the BIPV curtain wall 3 by means of glue. In FIG. 4c, the gaps between the BIPV curtain wall 3 and the double-trapezoidal structures 17 can form special ventilation passages, which are favorable for the self-cooling of BIPV modules during normal operation. Specifically, in FIG. 4C, the special ventilation passage is of an inverted trapezoid-shaped structure, and in the inverted trapezoid-shaped ventilation passage structure, it is easy to press airflow to the BIPV curtain wall 3, that is, airflow speed close to the BIPV curtain wall 3 is much higher than that close to the backsheet 7. In this way, the ventilation self-cooling of the BIPV modules will be very effective.
[0052] Further, in terms of economic benefits, stainless steel is generally chosen as the material of the backsheet. The application of stainless steel mainly considers that the stainless steel plate is a common building material, which can be easily purchased near the building field, making the material and transportation costs of the stainless steel plate very low. Specifically, for cost performance in terms of fire resistance, a typical stainless steel plate with a thickness of 0.7 mm to 1 mm is used here, the price per square meter of which is 100 to 120 yuan. In contrast, if special refractory borosilicate glass with excellent fire resistance is chosen, the price per square meter of the special refractory borosilicate glass with a thickness of 3 mm to 5 mm is 300 to 500 yuan. It can be concluded from the above comparison that the backsheet substructure of the present invention not only has a ventilation self-cooling function to achieve mechanical property, fire resistance, and energy saving, but also fully considers economy.
[0053] Of course, for some backsheets with higher corrosion resistance required due to extreme weather conditions, a specially coated stainless steel (Zn (Mg3Al) or aluminum alloy plate may be adopted.
[0054] FIG. 5 shows a preferred embodiment of the novel backsheet substructure which has been specially conceived and optimized after multiple simulation tests. The preferred embodiment is the aforementioned novel backsheet substructure applied to BIPV curtain walls. In the present embodiment, the backsheet 7 is fixed on a substructure by screws 19. In the present embodiment, the aforementioned substructure generally refers to a metal joist installed on a building or a wall, which enables the BIPV curtain wall 3 to perfectly fit the substructure through the backsheet 7 of the present invention, thus reducing the material cost.
[0055] In the present embodiment, the width of the entire backsheet 7 is designed as LG, the length of which is adapted to the length of the BIPV curtain wall, and the specific length information of the backsheet design is shown as FIG. 5. Based on the value of LG, a length LS indicating the distance between the two screws 19 is in a range between 0.55 LG and 0.6 LG, and the length of the bottom part of the inverted trapezoid-shaped ventilation passage located in the middle is designed as La, the length of which is 0.25 LG to 0.3 LG in the present embodiment. The height of the inverted trapezoid-shaped ventilation passage located in the middle is in a range between 0.04 LG and 0.05 LG, and the dimensions of the double-trapezoidal structures on both sides, including Lb = Lc = Ld in equal length, are all in a range between 3%and 4%of LG, the corresponding height Hb is between 2%and 3%of LG, and the length between the backsheet frame and the left Le small trapezoid is in a range between 10%and 15%of LG, so as to ensure sufficient connection between adjacent backsheets. Based on such length ranges, the flexibility of angles θ1 and θ2 varies between 130°and 140°.
[0056] In the present embodiment, since the backsheet 7 adopts the structural design applicable to the BIPV curtain wall 3, the backsheet 7 in the present embodiment is applicable to BIPV curtain walls 3 with various sizes. Particularly, due to the requirement of installation, when the BIPV curtain wall 3 is cut, because the backrail structure as shown in FIG. 3 has a unique shape, and after the BIPV curtain wall 3 is cut, the backrail at the rear will generally be scrapped, whereas since the backsheet 7 has the shape having the uniform continuous cross section, cutting will hardly cause the backsheet behind the BIPV curtain wall 3 to be scrapped. Therefore, compared with the backrail structure, the backsheet substructure has obvious advantages in terms of cost reduction and better material utilization.
[0057] It should be noted that the aforementioned first embodiment and preferred embodiment are merely typical embodiments of the present invention, and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scale or scope of the present invention, so the present invention can equally recognize other effective embodiments.
[0058] FIG. 6 shows a second embodiment based on the first embodiment, which shows an example of the connection between two adjacent backsheet substructures. Referring to FIG. 6, in the second embodiment, side locks 9 fixed by roll forming extend laterally along the long-edge leading sides of two adjacent backsheets 7. Specifically, the side lock 9 includes a straight edge section and a curved section extending outward along the straight edge section and curved.
[0059] It should be noted that in some examples, the long-edge leading side of one of the backsheets 7 extends for a long dimension and gets close to that of the other backsheet 7 during curving, so as to form a substantially hook-like structure and make the lower surface abut against the BIPV curtain wall 3 to achieve the purpose of fixing the BIPV curtain wall 3.
[0060] It should be noted that it is not necessary to connect two BIPV curtain walls 3 by using the aforementioned side lock structure at the short-edge leading sides.
[0061] In the actual process of laying the aforementioned connection structure, since each BIPV curtain wall 3 needs a backsheet, in actual installation, the backsheets will be placed continuously in the vertical direction in advance, thus effectively improving the mechanical property of the backsheet substructure in the vertical direction.
[0062] For the sake of more clarity, FIG. 7 shows a third embodiment, which mainly embodies the process of installing the backsheet substructure of the present invention on the BIPV curtain wall 3. For example, taking a two-story, window-less factory building as an example, a metal joist 10 is fixed on the building wall first, and a roll of unpressed stainless steel plate is then unrolled, and is further pressed to form a double-trapezoidal structure on the construction site, with the total length of the backsheet substructure in the vertical direction depending on an installation height inside, as shown in FIG. 7b. The backsheet 7 is a single piece. Here, the backsheet 7 is installed on the joist 10. Because the installed backsheet may have a certain length, an installation robot can be configured to place the backsheet along the wall. It should be noted that holes for fixing screws may be made on the site. With the help of a climbing robot, dust and oil stains on the surface of the backsheet is cleaned off with alcohol cleaning solution, glue is then continuously or discretely applied onto the backsheet using the installation robot, and finally, as shown in FIG. 7c, the BIPV curtain wall 3 can be installed onto the backsheet 7 according to a standardized coating procedure, which, in the present embodiment, includes robotic cleaning, adhesion and positioning of the BIPV curtain wall 3.
[0063] It should be noted that such an installation process shown in FIG. 7 may also be applied to another embodiment of installation in the horizontal direction, which is different from the third embodiment.
[0064] Further, the fourth embodiment is further elaborated from three important building material properties, i.e. mechanical property, fire resistance, and energy saving:
[0065] Mechanical Property:
[0066] FIG. 8 shows the stress of a clamp structure, the stress of a backrail structure and the stress of the backsheet substructure under a wind load of 6000 Pa. It should be noted that a building floor at 88 m may generally bear a wind load of 3500 Pa to 4000 Pa, and 6000 Pa generally refers to a building floor at a height greater than or equal to 100 m. Specifically:
[0067] In FIG. 8a, the local maximum stress of the aforementioned clamp structure is distributed at the top, bottom boundary and interconnected part, which can easily lead to the deformation and failure of the whole structure.
[0068] The stress distribution of the backrail structure shown in FIG. 8b is better than that of the clamp structure, but it is shown that the local maximum stress along the backrail is still much higher than that of the backsheet installation. Here, the stress is mainly concentrated at the joint between the inner sides and the related clamped parts. As a result, when the clamped parts and the joist will mostly slide relative to each other, the whole backrail installation system will fail.
[0069] FIG. 8c shows the stress of the backsheet substructure. Compared with the first two installation structures, the stress distribution of the backsheet substructure is more uniform, and there is no obvious maximum stress on the backsheet substructure. According to a simulation result, the backsheet substructure can bear the wind load of 6000 Pa.
[0070] After integration, the maximum capacities for different wind load stresses acting on the multiple sub-structures are shown in FIG. 9. It should be noted that when the percentage of the maximum capacity is greater than 100%, the mechanical structure will fail. It can be clearly concluded From FIG. 9 that the clamp structure can only bear a wind load of 1000 Pa, while the backrail substructure can bear a wind load stress of 3600 Pa. In contrast, the backsheet substructure designed by the present invention can bear a wind load of up to 6000 Pa, so it can be concluded that the backsheet substructure designed by the invention has excellent mechanical property.
[0071] FIG. 10 shows the maximum stress on each module under the wind load stress of up to 6000 Pa after using the structure of the present invention. It can be clearly seen from FIG. 10 that after the backsheet is installed, when the wind load is reached, all the modules are relatively stable, and no mechanical deformation occurs.
[0072] Fire Resistance:
[0073] In terms of fire resistance, in case of fire, the fire usually attacks the front and back, and the flame coming from the inside of the building first spreads from the bottom and back, and the fire bypassing the bottom will further attack the front. Because the BIPV curtain wall 3 is mostly arranged on the front of the building and the cover glass of the BIPV curtain wall 3 must be made of safety glass, i.e. tempered glass, in case of fire, the mechanical property of the safety glass which is better than that of back glass enables the cover glass of the BIPV curtain wall 3 to deform and break later than the back glass of the BIPV curtain wall 3.
[0074] Further, when the backsheet is compared with other concepts, such as the clamp structure and the backrail structure, the aforementioned structures have the same front fire resistance. However, in most cases, the part of glass which is broken in the first place under the condition of fire is mostly the back of the BIPV module. At this moment, the material attached to the back of the BIPV curtain wall 3 mechanically limits the thermal deformation of the glass. Since the backsheet 7 is designed to be larger than the BIPV curtain wall 3, compared with the backrail structure or the clamp structure partially covering the back, the backsheet substructure of the present invention will provide full-size covering protection for the back of the BIPV curtain wall 3. In this way, the influence of fire attack on the back of the BIPV curtain wall 3 is minimal.
[0075] In addition, falling objects in the fire of a high-rise building are caused by the softening of interface installation parts between the BIPV curtain wall 3 and the building wall, so the fire resistance of the back of the BIPV curtain wall 3 is particularly important, and the backsheet based on the invention can obviously suppress the fire attack from the back.
[0076] Further, if it is assumed that when a fire occurs in the double-trapezoidal passages between the back of the BIPV curtain wall 3 and the backsheet, L-shaped air inlets of the double-trapezoidal passages can be used to guide the fire, preventing the fire from spreading to the front of the BIPV curtain wall 3.
[0077] Energy Saving:
[0078] Further, in order to evaluate the building energy-saving properties of various substructures, FIG. 15, FIG. 16 and FIG. 17 show computational domain setups for installing BIPV curtain walls 3 on typical buildings in three ways, i.e. a backrail structure, a backsheet structure, and a no-ventilation structure. The simulation of the present embodiment was carried out on buildings with a length and width of 10 m to 50 m and a height of 5 m to 20 m.
[0079] In FIG. 11, the BIPV curtain wall 3 was installed on a building wall 15 through a thermal insulation layer 8, and there was an installation gap 16 between two adjacent BIPV curtain walls 3, so as to prevent collision caused by the thermal expansion of glass. A roof was placed at the top boundary of the computational domain, while the BIPV curtain walls 3 should be placed on the left and right facades.
[0080] FIG. 12 and FIG. 13 only show the installation of the BIPV curtain wall 3 on the facade of one side, so as to reduce the workload of simulation. A symmetrical boundary 6 was adopted on the right side of the computational domain, so that a final simulated structure could reflect a building with two facades on which the BIPV curtain walls 3 are installed. A heat source 5 was arranged on the bottom of the building to keep the indoor air temperature 4 in the building.
[0081] Based on FIGs. 11 to 13, FIG. 14 shows the comparison between the internal temperatures of BIPV facade buildings altered with the various substructures. It can be clearly known from FIG. 14 that compared with the backrail structure and the no-ventilation thermal insulation material structure, the BIPV building using the backsheet substructure can maintain higher internal space temperature, so obviously, the backsheet structure is more conducive to internal energy saving.
[0082] Based on FIGs. 11 to 14, FIG. 15 shows a graph of internal temperature distributions of the BIPV curtain walls 3 adopting the various substructures along the horizontal central axis. It can be seen that the internal temperature of the backsheet substructure is about 3.5℃ higher than those of the other two substructures.
[0083] Based on the above discussion, the fourth embodiment can draw the following conclusion: compared with the conventional substructures applied on the BIPV curtain walls 3, the design of the novel backsheet substructure applied to BIPV curtain walls has been improved in a balanced way in terms of the key requirements of building construction, such as mechanical property, fire resistance, and energy saving, and the aforementioned backsheet substructure also has good economy in terms of materials and construction.
[0084] Based on the aforementioned novel backsheet substructure applied to BIPV curtain walls, we propose a method for installing the novel backsheet substructure applied to BIPV curtain walls, which comprises the following steps:
[0085] a) installing a joist on a wall;
[0086] Specifically, a metal joist is generally chosen as the joist. Specifically, the metal joist 10 is mechanically fixed on the building wall.
[0087] b) installing the novel backsheet substructure applied to BIPV curtain walls based on the aforementioned solution;
[0088] Specifically, a roll of stainless steel plate is chosen and unrolled on the construction site, and both sides of the stainless steel plate are pressed to form a double-trapezoidal structure on the construction site, with the length of the backsheet substructure in the vertical direction depending on an installation height on the facade. Generally, the backsheet is a single piece. It should be noted that in this process, holes for fixing screws are made on the site, and the backsheet substructure is then installed on the metal joist by the screws.
[0089] c) installing a BIPV module. specifically,
[0090] dust and oil stains on the surface of the backsheet is cleaned off with alcohol cleaning solution, glue is then applied onto the backsheet, and finally, after the back of the BIPV module is cleaned, the BIPV module is stuck onto the backsheet.
[0091] To sum up, the novel backsheet substructure applied to BIPV curtain walls according to the present invention can perfectly fit a required installation height / area without wasting materials. In addition, compared with the backrail structure, the backsheet mechanism has a shape having a uniform continuous cross section, and almost no materials will be wasted during cutting. In terms of fire resistance, an on-site analysis shows that the cost is lower than that of refractory glass, and the back part of the BIPV curtain wall is effectively protected, In terms of mechanical property, the stress distribution of the backsheet substructure is more uniform, and a simulation analysis shows that the backsheet substructure can bear a wind load of 6000 Pa, so the backsheet substructure is fully suitable for high-rise buildings. In terms of energy saving, the backsheet substructure is more conducive to internal energy saving than added thermal insulation materials and backrail structure.
[0092] What is described above is merely the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not configured to limit the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent replacement, improvements and the like which are made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1.A novel backsheet substructure applied to BIPV curtain walls, comprising:a backsheet, wherein the backsheet is adapted to a BIPV curtain wall, and the backsheet comprises a body located in the middle and connecting parts extending outwards along both sides of the body, and the connecting part comprises at least one trapezoidal structure for enhancing the mechanical property of the BIPV curtain wall.2.The novel backsheet substructure applied to BIPV curtain walls of claim 1, wherein the trapezoidal structure is attached to the BIPV curtain wall, so that the gap between the backsheet and the BIPV curtain wall forms at least one inverted trapezoid-shaped ventilation passage to implement the self-cooling of the BIPV curtain wall.3.The novel backsheet substructure applied to BIPV curtain walls of claim 2, wherein where are two trapezoidal structures in a single connecting part, so that the gap between the backsheet and the BIPV curtain wall forms three inverted trapezoid-shaped ventilation passages.4.The novel backsheet substructure applied to BIPV curtain walls of claim 3, wherein the cross sections after cutting along the long edge of the backsheet are equal.5.The novel backsheet substructure applied to BIPV curtain walls of claim 4, wherein the ventilation passage comprises a top part, side parts, and a bottom part, wherein the top part faces the BIPV curtain wall, and the two side parts of the ventilation passage are equal in length.6.The novel backsheet substructure applied to BIPV curtain walls of claim 5, wherein the bottom part of the middle ventilation passage among the three ventilation passages is larger than that of the ventilation passage located on the side.7.The novel backsheet substructure applied to BIPV curtain walls of claim 6, wherein the short side of the trapezoidal structure is attached to the BIPV module.8.The novel backsheet substructure applied to BIPV curtain walls of any of claims 1 to 7, wherein the vertical projection of the BIPV module is located inside the backsheet.9.The novel backsheet substructure applied to BIPV curtain walls of claim 8, wherein the bottom part of the ventilation passage is fixed to an external structure by screws.10.The novel backsheet substructure applied to BIPV curtain walls of claim 9, wherein the distance between two screws is more than half the width of the backsheet.11.The novel backsheet substructure applied to BIPV curtain walls of claim 10, comprising at least one connecting structure, wherein the connecting structure is connected to the long-edge leading sides of two adjacent backsheets.12.The novel backsheet substructure applied to BIPV curtain walls of claim 11, wherein the connecting structure is a side lock, and the side lock is formed by rolling the long-edge leading sides of the two adjacent backsheets.13.The novel backsheet substructure applied to BIPV curtain walls of claim 12, wherein the side lock comprises a straight edge section and a curved section extending outward along the straight edge section and curved, and the lower surface of the curved section abuts against the outer surface of the BIPV curtain wall and forms a hook for fixing the BIPV curtain wall.14.The novel backsheet substructure applied to BIPV curtain walls of claim 13, wherein the material of the backsheet comprises stainless steel.15.A method for installing a novel backsheet substructure applied to BIPV curtain walls, comprising the following steps:a) installing a joist on a wall;b) installing the novel backsheet substructure applied to BIPV curtain walls based on the aforementioned claims;c) installing a BIPV module.
Citation Information
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