Method and device for inspecting painted surfaces containing effect pigments

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for inspecting painted surfaces (10) which preferably have one or more layers comprising absorption pigments and / or effect pigments. In said method, radiation is emitted onto a surface (10) to be inspected at a first specified emission angle (a1) by means of a first radiation device (2), and a color image capturing device (4) captures a spatially resolved image of the surface irradiated from the emission direction from a first monitoring angle (b), wherein the image capturing device (4) has a first specified sensitivity (F(I)) which is based on the wavelength of the radiation that is incident on the image capturing device. The method is characterized in that an image analysis device carries out a partly and preferably pixel-based analysis of the image captured by the image capturing device, and the color image capturing device (4) is also used to analyze and / or evaluate the absorption and / or effect pigments, and / or as part of the image analysis, the influence of the effect pigments on the image capturing process and / or the integral color measurement is taken into consideration and / or eliminated.

Description

[0001] H ANNKE B ITTNER & P ARTNERPATENT ATTORNEYS ATTORNEYS Prüfeninger Straße 1 93049 Regensburg BYK-Gardner GmbH November 21, 2023 Lausitzer Str.8 BKG01-047-WOPT 82538 Geretsried BI / fa / gu Method and device for inspecting painted surfaces with effect pigments Description The present invention relates to a method and a device for inspecting painted surfaces, and in particular those surfaces which preferably have a paint mixture of absorption pigments and effect pigments. Such paint layers have long been known from the prior art. Various methods and devices for inspecting and / or analyzing such surfaces are also known from the prior art. It is known that the spectral characteristic of an illuminated measuring spot is recorded with a dispersive element (such as a grating, prism or filter) and that this is compared, for example, with a standard.It is also known that the measurement results of such measurement methods often differ significantly from one another, partly because the differences between the image recording characteristics of a camera on the one hand and the human eye on the other are only inadequately taken into account, and partly because optical filter devices also vary considerably. Therefore, a procedure is sought to enable the most uniform and characteristic evaluation possible of images of such surfaces. This is achieved according to the invention by the subject matter of the independent patent claims. Advantageous embodiments and further developments are the subject matter of the dependent claims.HANNKE BITTNER & PARTNER BKG01-047-WOPT - 2 - In a method according to the invention for inspecting painted surfaces, which preferably have one or more layers with absorption and / or effect pigments, radiation is irradiated onto the surface to be inspected at a first predetermined angle of incidence by means of at least one first radiation device, and a color image recording device records a spatially resolved image of the surface irradiated by the irradiation device at a different observation angle. This image recording device has a first predetermined sensitivity that depends on a wavelength of the radiation incident on the image recording device.According to the invention, an image evaluation device performs a section-by-section and preferably pixel-by-pixel evaluation of the image recorded by the image recording device, wherein the color image recording device is also used to evaluate and / or assess the absorption and / or effect pigments and / or, as part of the image evaluation, the influence of effect pigments and / or absorption pigments on the image recording and / or the integral color measurement is taken into account and / or eliminated. Effect pigments impart a color impression to the coating that is strongly angle-dependent (flop effect). In contrast to classic pigments (absorption pigments), effect pigments are often platelet-shaped in their geometry, and their functionality is based on optical effects such as specular reflection or interference.The invention is therefore based on the idea that such effect or absorption pigments affect the recorded color image in different ways. The invention thus provides a new approach for separating colors from absorption pigments in such coatings. It is now proposed to use color image (RGB) cameras and to quantitatively evaluate their data, in particular beyond observing only the images themselves. A first approach consists, as mentioned, in adapting the RGB channel sensitivity curves to the tristimulus curves of the human eye using an equalizer filter. HANNKE BITTNER & PARTNER BKG01-047-WOPT - 3 - Within the scope of the present invention, an approach is additionally proposed to distinguish the highly accurate color measurement of the absorption pigments from the measurements of the effect pigments.In a preferred method, absorption and / or effect pigments are classified with regard to at least one property characteristic of these absorption and / or effect pigments. This means that, with regard to certain properties, a distinction is made as to whether absorption or effect pigments are observed. In a further preferred method, clustering is carried out. This can be carried out according to different criteria. Clustering is particularly preferably carried out according to a predetermined characteristic property. This characteristic property is preferably selected from a group of properties which includes a pigment size, certain a* and / or b*.For example, the pigments found in an image can be divided into different groups of pigment sizes, for example in such a way that a first number n1 of effect pigments is found which have a first specific pixel size and a second number n2 of effect pigments which have a second pixel size. Accordingly, classification can also be made according to the a* and b* values. In a preferred method, a distinction is made between absorption pigments and effect pigments during image analysis. For example, it is advantageous if the above-mentioned value L*a*b* is only determined for absorption pigments. In another preferred method, different coatings are classified. Here, a spectrum is preferably measured at a high angle to the specular gloss reflection (for example, at a 110° angle).The reason for using this angle is that the smallest influence of the effect pigments or flakes on the overall measured spectrum is to be expected here. The coating is preferably selected from a group of coatings containing silver metallic coatings, chromatic metallic coatings, xyrallic or MICA coatings or interference coatings. HANNKE BITTNER & PARTNER BKG01-047-WOPT - 4 - Silver metallic coatings contain only aluminum pigments. These may contain a small amount of TiO2 or be slightly colored. A gray-neutral spectrum is to be expected. Chromatic metallic coatings contain a small amount of aluminum and only a few flakes are visible at 110°. Xyrallic or MICA coatings contain extremely low amounts of effect pigments (< 1%); below 110°, only very few pigments or flakes are visible.In a further preferred method, the influences of at least some of the absorption and / or effect pigments are eliminated, particularly during image evaluation. This means that, for the evaluation of an image, reflections from absorption or effect pigments are eliminated, particularly if they reach an intensity above (or below) a certain threshold. Therefore, a threshold value is particularly preferably formed, which eliminates, for example, reflections or shadows from effect pigments. This is explained below with reference to the figures. In a further preferred method, interfering features located on the surface are identified, and surface areas with such interfering features are preferably disregarded in the evaluation. For example, areas of a surface which have scratches or fingerprints can be excluded from the evaluation.This is based on the fact that in these cases the optical impressions are also significantly influenced by these disruptive effects such as scratches or fingerprints, and these influences are not due to the surface itself, but rather to the disruptive effects. It is proposed that an image evaluation recognizes such features such as fingerprints or scratches and causes these areas to be excluded from the overall evaluation of an image. In this way, a more accurate measurement can be achieved. Advantageously, an image evaluation device carries out a section-by-section and preferably pixel-by-pixel evaluation of the image recorded by the image recording device. HANNKE BITTNER & PARTNER BKG01-047-WOPT - 5 - The surface is preferably the outer surface of a motor vehicle and in particular a painted outer surface of a motor vehicle and in particular of a passenger car.However, other surfaces could also be examined, such as the surfaces of pieces of furniture. The results of this evaluation are preferably used or taken into account for (future) measurements by means of the device used in the evaluation. The evaluation preferably determines and / or generates a “filter device” and in particular a software filter device, which is taken into account and / or used in (future) measurements. Thus, as mentioned above, the evaluation can be carried out pixel by pixel with regard to the image recording device, for example. This evaluation makes it possible to assign at least one calibration value to each pixel or each range of pixels for future measurements. This calibration value is preferably determined for each individual pixel as part of the evaluation.In future measurements with the device, the calibration value determined during the evaluation (in particular for each pixel) can also be taken into account when outputting measurement results for each individual pixel of the image recording device. The applicant's internal prior art discloses methods in which an optical filter device is arranged between the surface and the image recording device. This is intended to compensate for different evaluation characteristics of the human eye on the one hand and a camera on the other. However, it has been shown that such filter devices themselves have a high degree of scatter (with regard to their properties) and therefore lead to different evaluations. In addition, corresponding lighting devices such as LEDs are also subject to strong scatter. This means:that even two LEDs from the same manufacturer, which should in principle be identical, differ from one another in terms of their beam characteristics. Furthermore, there is a high diversity of RGB filters from camera to camera and even within a single camera. HANNKE BITTNER & PARTNER BKG01-047-WOPT - 6 - For this reason, there is a need for a specially adapted filter that takes into account changes in the camera or light source characteristics (if, for example, the camera chip or the LED has to be replaced). In addition, only one standard illuminant is possible in the prior art. By introducing a specially adapted filter, different standard illuminants can be mathematically taken into account. The invention thus proposes a section-by-section and, in particular, pixel-by-pixel evaluation of the image, in particular also depending on the wavelength, in order to adapt to the respective conditions, ieto be able to adapt to a specific radiation characteristic of the lighting device and also to an image recording device or its characteristics. It is possible for the said evaluation to be repeated, for example carried out at predetermined times. The result and / or the measured value(s) of the evaluation are preferably saved. The image recording device has, as is known per se from the prior art, an image recording element with a large number of image pixels, each of which is suitable for detecting the radiation impinging on it. For example, the image recording device could have a CCD chip. The evaluation is carried out for at least some of the said pixels, preferably for at least 30%, preferably at least 50%, preferably for at least 60% and particularly preferably for at least 70% of the said pixels.The evaluation can be carried out for each individual pixel; however, it would also be conceivable to combine several pixels for one evaluation, thereby reducing the resolution of the evaluation to a certain extent. For example, such image evaluation could be carried out at predetermined time intervals. In a preferred method, the measurement signals from individual pixels are weighted, taking into account the pixel-by-pixel evaluation. In this way, a software-based filter device can be used or generated, which in particular also influences the image evaluation for subsequent images. In a preferred method, the evaluation is carried out as a function of the wavelength of the radiation striking the image recording device.This means that a wavelength-dependent evaluation of a sensitivity of the image recording device and in particular also of the sensitivity of each individual pixel is recorded as a function of the wavelength. Therefore, said evaluation is particularly preferably carried out as a function of a wavelength-dependent (and in particular also pixel-wise) sensitivity of the image recording device. Thus, an individual evaluation is preferably carried out for each individual image recording device. This evaluation is preferably also carried out pixel-wise. A wavelength-dependent sensitivity of the image recording device is preferably determined. In this case, in particular, a pixel-wise (in particular wavelength-dependent) sensitivity can be determined, or the wavelength-dependent sensitivity can be determined for each individual pixel.However, it would also be possible for the evaluation to be carried out across several pixels, for example by averaging over several pixels of the same intensity. In a further preferred method, the image recording device and in particular a color camera is also used to evaluate and / or assess the effect pigments. In a further preferred method, the influence of effect pigments on the image recording and / or the integral color measurement is taken into account and / or eliminated, particularly within the scope of the image evaluation. The prior art has the problem that integral color measurements can be error-prone because it is not possible to distinguish whether the measurement results arise from the color of a flake or effect pigment or have another cause. The preferred method proposed allows such a distinction. More precisely, a spatially resolved color measurement is carried out for this purpose.With integral color measurement, errors can occur particularly when the effect pigments themselves produce colored effects, especially in a different color than the color caused by the absorption effects. HANNKE BITTNER & PARTNER BKG01-047-WOPT - 8 - For example, a solid color with only one absorption pigment (e.g., solid red) and the same absorption pigment (e.g., red) with the addition of colored effect pigments would result in different color values ​​XYZ being measured during integral color measurement. State-of-the-art multi-angle colorimeters enabled integral, averaged, non-spatially resolved color measurement across the entire illuminated measuring spot at multiple angles. In the history of device development, the first devices were without a camera; later, camera devices were added.The camera measurement was used exclusively to evaluate the 'glitter' of directed light (direct sunlight) and the 'graininess' (diffuse lighting, overcast sky) and provides additional information for characterizing effect pigment coatings that is independent of the color measurement. The use of cameras in multi-angle colorimeters for measuring solid-color coatings (which only contain absorption pigments) is unnecessary and only makes sense for effect coatings that contain a mixture of absorption pigments and one (or more) types of effect pigments. The method proposed here eliminates the influence of the effect pigment measurement on the measurement of the absorption pigments and, in the example mentioned above, would result in both measurements obtaining the same values. In a preferred method, the influence of the effect pigment measurement on the measurement of the absorption pigment(s) is reduced and / or eliminated.In a preferred embodiment, it is proposed within the scope of the invention that the image recording device and in particular a color camera is also used to evaluate and / or assess the effect pigments (and in particular their color properties). Furthermore, however, information about the color and / or color distribution of the areas of the image which are attributable to and / or contain effect pigments is preferably obtained. This makes it possible to retain the advantages achieved through the use of a color camera. Preferably, the wavelength-dependent sensitivity is determined using a spectrometer and / or a monochromator and / or the evaluation of the image recorded by the image recording device is carried out using a spectrometer and / or a monochromator.Several approaches are conceivable for determining the spectral sensitivity of an image recording device, and in particular of each individual pixel. For example, it would be possible to use the following equations to calculate the characteristics of the individual channels of an RGB-CMOS / CCD camera chip, which preferably has a Bayer pattern, as sums over a large number of wavelengths. Here, p denotes the measured value (red, green, blue). s(l i ) = s i refers to the spectral sensitivity of the pixel / filter combination. E i,j denotes the calibration tile with known remission spectrum number j at wavelength l i . It would also be possible to perform multiple linear regression. This can be done using the following equations: HANNKE BITTNER & PARTNER BKG01-047-WOPT - 10 - Within the scope of the present invention, it is proposed to determine the spectral sensitivity for each pixel using a monochromator and / or a (particularly absolutely calibrated) spectrometer. Based on these recorded spectral sensitivities, deviations can be determined in each case, and these deviations can be taken into account in the subsequent image analysis in order to record and / or output a colorimetrically correct image of the individual pixels. In a preferred method, to determine the wavelength-dependent sensitivity of the image recording device, radiation is irradiated onto the surface at a predetermined angle onto a set of reference surfaces with known remission, and the image recording device records an image of this surface.This angle is preferably greater than 20° with respect to a vertical direction, preferably greater than 30°, preferably greater than 40°, preferably greater than 50° and particularly preferably greater than 60°. Additionally or alternatively, it would be possible for the surface to be illuminated with a particularly monochromatic light from a further, in particular external, auxiliary light source. These auxiliary light sources can be, for example, monochrome LEDs or white light filtered by means of a plurality of bandpass filters. Here, too, the illumination angle is preferably greater than 20° with respect to a vertical direction, preferably greater than 30°, preferably greater than 40°, preferably greater than 50° and particularly preferably greater than 60°. The reason for taking the images with illumination at a very large angle orA very flat illumination with respect to the direction of extension of the surface to be observed is that these surfaces behave in a defined manner with the least distortion depending on the effect pigments used in the coating under this type of illumination. For example, silver metallic coatings consist only of aluminum flakes or partly of flakes with a certain proportion of TiO2. HANNKE BITTNER & PARTNER BKG01-047-WOPT - 11 - In this case, a gray, neutral light spectrum can be expected under a flat angle of incidence or illumination. Other surfaces have chromatic metallic coatings with aluminum and usually only have a small number of effect pigments. In this case, only a few of these flakes are visible at flat illumination angles. So-called Xyrallic or MICA coatings have even fewer effect pigments, i.e., in this case, none of these flakes are visible at the angles mentioned.The image analysis is preferably carried out separately and / or independently for the absorption pigments and for the effect pigments (flakes). In the case of the formulation of the absorption pigments, a pixel number is preferably recorded and / or saved together with the intensity value assigned to it or (output by the pixel in question). In a further step, a histogram can be recorded and a maximum value of the respective frequency determined. In a further step, an average value XYZ is preferably recorded for a statistically defined number of pixels. For the analysis of the effect pigments, flakes that are separate from one another are preferably selected, which reach or cover all three filters (i.e. whose radiation characteristics or radiation maxima lie in the respective wavelength ranges of the respective filter devices of the image recording device), and the product XYZ is determined only for these flakes.Preferably, no demosaicing is used in this case. Preferably, at least two images are taken with a specific exposure time. Preferably, the color effect of the absorption pigment is assessed using an image taken at a first predetermined angle, in particular one far from the gloss, at which the distortion of the color measurement by the effect pigment can be neglected to a good approximation. A far from the gloss angle is understood to be an angle that deviates from the direction of reflection by at least 30°. The sparkles caused by the effect pigments are preferably identified using a camera image taken at a second angle, in particular one close to the gloss. A close to the gloss angle is understood to be an angle that deviates from the direction of reflection by at most 25°, preferably at most 20°, preferably at most 15°.HANNKE BITTNER & PARTNER BKG01-047-WOPT - 12 - Due to the near-gloss angle, the effect pigments in the camera image can be identified as areas of high intensity (above a certain threshold), i.e. it is known pixel-precisely whether the area on the sample contains an absorption pigment or an effect pigment. In a further advantageous method, a sensitivity of the human eye that depends on a wavelength of the radiation striking the human eye is taken into account during the evaluation and / or measurement with the device. In a further preferred method, data determined during the evaluation are taken into account in order to generate a filter device, in particular a software filter device, for subsequent measurements with the device that also carries out the evaluation, which filter device calibrates the measured values ​​recorded or determined by the image recording device.Preferably, a pixel-by-pixel calibration of the recorded image is carried out and / or the measured values ​​output by the individual pixels are calibrated individually. In this case, it is possible for differences between this first sensitivity (of the image recording device) and a second sensitivity (of the human eye) to be at least partially compensated for by means of a filter device, in particular the aforementioned filter device. In a further preferred method, radiation is irradiated onto the surface by means of a second radiation device and a second predetermined angle of incidence, and the image recording device records an image of the surface irradiated by the second radiation device. Alternatively, a second observation device can also be used. In addition, a third radiation device is preferably also provided, which irradiates radiation onto the surface to be examined.Particularly preferably, the illumination takes place at different angles. In a further preferred method, at least one radiation device radiates directed or diffuse radiation onto the surface. HANNKE BITTNER & PARTNER BKG01-047-WOPT - 13 - In a further preferred method, a data reduction of the data recorded during the evaluation is carried out, wherein this data reduction preferably differs with regard to the absorption pigments and the effect pigments. In this case, a data reduction can be carried out in such a way that, for example, when evaluating the wavelength-dependent sensitivity of a pixel or when evaluating the incident radiation, only those wavelength ranges are examined in which a certain intensity (which results in particular from the course of the spectrum), for example a (local) intensity maximum, occurs.In this way, an intensity limit can be determined that allows the detection of areas without flakes. This allows preferential identification of those areas of an image that contain images of flakes or those areas that are free of flakes. When observing surfaces, the problem arises that commercially available image recording devices, such as RGB cameras, have a certain wavelength-dependent sensitivity that differs from the wavelength-dependent sensitivity of the human eye. Accordingly, the task is to enable the most realistic image recording of the irradiated surface (or the most realistic evaluation of this image recording).The invention therefore proposes at least partial adaptation of the image recording device to the human eye by means of a filter device (which is in particular a software filter device and in particular a filter device which takes into account the data recorded during the evaluation). The CIE standard color system or CIE standard color system is a color system defined by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE - Commission internationale de l'éclairage) to establish a relationship between human color perception (color) and the physical causes of the color stimulus (color valence). It covers the entirety of perceivable colors. Using the color space coordinates, the term Yxy color space or CIE-Yxy is also commonly used, and primarily in English-speaking countries it is also referred to as tristimulus color space.HANNKE BITTNER & PARTNER BKG01-047-WOPT - 14 - Particularly in English-speaking countries, the three basic values ​​X, Y, and Z are referred to as tristimulus. In this sense, they are the three components of the standardized primary colors defined for this purpose. Each color can be identified with such a triplet of numbers. Accordingly, the CIE standard system is commonly referred to as the tristimulus system. The curves are also called tristimulus curves. In one embodiment, an image is captured, and the individual pixels are evaluated, particularly with regard to color, with a wavelength-dependent evaluation and / or weighting being performed. In a preferred method, the evaluation is carried out in such a way that the wavelength-dependent differences between the first sensitivity (of the image recording device) and the second sensitivity (of the human eye) are at least temporarily compensated.When selecting the filter device, it is particularly preferred to take into account an emission spectrum L(λ) of the radiation device, an intensity profile I(λ) of a standard light, at least one tristimulus function X(λ), in particular of the human eye, and / or a value and / or profile characteristic of a filter characteristic F(λ) of the image recording device. Preferably, the wavelength-dependent transmission T(λ) of a filter device is: T(λ)=X(λ) / (I(λ)∙L(λ)∙F(λ)) Where I(λ) denotes the wavelength-dependent course of the light type, for example D65, L(λ) the wavelength-dependent course of the light source, F(λ) the wavelength-dependent characteristic of the observation device (in particular an RGB filter) and in particular its filter) and X(λ) the wavelength-dependent light sensitivity of the eye (tristimulus functions).The wavelength-dependent characteristics of the observation device and the wavelength-dependent light sensitivity of the eye preferably have different functions over at least two, preferably three, predetermined wavelength ranges. HANNKE BITTNER & PARTNER BKG01-047-WOPT - 15 - The first wavelength range preferably ranges from 300 nm to 600 nm, preferably from 350 nm to 550 nm, and preferably from 400 nm to 500 nm. Furthermore, the second wavelength range preferably ranges from 400 nm to 700 nm, preferably from 450 nm to 650 nm, and preferably from 500 nm to 600 nm. Furthermore, the third wavelength range preferably ranges from 400 nm to 800 nm, preferably from 500 nm to 700 nm, and preferably from 550 nm to 650 nm. The entire perception range of the human eye is preferably covered. The wavelength-dependent characteristics of the observation device can also be divided into the wavelength ranges mentioned above.In a further preferred method, radiation is irradiated onto the surface by means of a second radiation device at a second predetermined angle of incidence, and the image recording device records an image of the surface irradiated by the second radiation device. The first and second radiation devices preferably irradiate the surface at different times or time periods. Alternatively or additionally, it would also be conceivable for a second image recording device to observe the surface at a second observation angle. By irradiating using two or more radiation devices, effects which result from differently aligned effect pigments can also be recorded. In a further preferred method, a third radiation device is also provided, which preferably irradiates the surface at a third angle of incidence.In a further preferred method, the observation angle relative to a direction perpendicular to the surface is less than 10°, preferably less than 5°, preferably less than 3°. HANNKE BITTNER & PARTNER BKG01-047-WOPT - 16 - In a further preferred method, the first angle of incidence relative to a direction perpendicular to the surface is between 70° and 20°, preferably between 60° and 30°, preferably between 50° and 40°. Preferably, a second angle of incidence of the second radiation device relative to a direction perpendicular to the surface is between 85° and 50°, preferably between 85° and 60°, preferably between 85° and 70°. Preferably, at least one radiation device directs directed or diffuse radiation onto the surface.By using diffuse radiation, solar radiation can be simulated under cloudy skies, while by using directed radiation, solar radiation can be simulated under cloudless skies. Preferably, at least one additional radiation device, and preferably all radiation devices, direct diffuse or, in particular, directed radiation onto the surface.The present invention is further directed to a device for inspecting painted surfaces which comprise a mixture of absorption pigments and at least one further effect pigment, comprising a first radiation device which radiates radiation onto a surface to be inspected at a first predetermined angle of incidence, and a color image recording device which records a spatially resolved image of the surface irradiated by the direction of incidence at a first observation angle, said image recording device having a first predetermined sensitivity which is dependent on a wavelength of the radiation striking the image recording device. According to the invention, the device comprises an image evaluation device which carries out a section-by-section and preferably pixel-by-pixel evaluation of the image recorded by the image recording device.Furthermore, the color image recording device can also be used for evaluating and / or assessing the absorption and / or effect pigments, and / or the image evaluation is suitable and intended to consider and / or eliminate the influence of effect pigments on the image recording and / or the integral color measurement. In a preferred embodiment, the device has a storage device in which the measured values ​​determined by the evaluation device are stored. The storage device preferably allows pixel-by-pixel storage of these measured values.In a further preferred embodiment, the device has a filter device and in particular a software filter device which calibrates further images recorded by the image recording device and in particular calibrates them taking into account the values ​​determined by the evaluation device and / or which is suitable and intended for this purpose. Preferably, the filter device (and / or a processor device implementing this filter device) is suitable and intended to calibrate recorded images pixel by pixel. Preferably, this filter device is changeable, i.e. in particular, the manner in which this filter device affects the images output by the image recording device is changeable. This means that by modifying the (software) filter device, the images output by the image recording device and / or measured values ​​generally output by the device can also be changed.The device can preferably be operated in a calibration mode in which the images recorded by the image recording device are evaluated and the software filter device is determined and / or modified. The device can preferably also be operated in a working mode in which, in particular, a software filter device determined in the calibration mode is used. The device preferably has a calibration device which is suitable and intended to calibrate each individual pixel. HANNKE BITTNER & PARTNER BKG01-047-WOPT - 18 - This particularly preferably involves a calibration in an XYZ color space of the RGB camera. The device is preferably a multi-angle measuring device, which is therefore suitable and intended to inspect the surface under several (illumination and / or incident beam) angles.However, the invention can also be used for solid paints (without effect pigments) on motor vehicles (or other surfaces). The radiation device and the observation device, and optionally also the filter device, are preferably arranged in a common housing. An inner wall of this housing is preferably designed to be light-absorbent. In a further preferred embodiment, the housing essentially has only one opening through which the surface is observed. In a further preferred embodiment, the device is portable. In a further preferred embodiment, the image recording device has filters, in particular RGB filters. The radiation device preferably emits standard light, and in particular D65 standard light. Standard light refers to the standardized spectral radiation distribution curves of characteristic radiators.The standard illuminant D65 is a radiation distribution with a color temperature of 6504 Kelvin (which roughly corresponds to a gray sky). In a preferred embodiment, the distance between the surface and the radiation device is between 3 cm and 30 cm, preferably between 4 cm and 20 cm, and most preferably between 4 cm and 10 cm. In a preferred embodiment, the radiation device is suitable and intended to emit radiation of different wavelengths. A filter device, such as a filter wheel with different filters that only allow light of specific wavelengths to pass through, can be provided. HANNKE BITTNER & PARTNER BKG01-047-WOPT - 19 - In a further preferred embodiment, the first radiation device comprises a light-emitting diode (LED), and in particular a triphosphor LED. As mentioned above, the device preferably also comprises further radiation devices.These preferably also have light-emitting diodes and in particular tri-phosphor LEDs. In a further preferred embodiment, the device has at least a second radiation device and / or a second sensor device. This second sensor device can also be designed as an image recording device, but it would also be conceivable for this sensor device to be a sensor device which determines an intensity of the radiation incident on it. In a further preferred embodiment, the device has at least three radiation devices (or illumination devices), which preferably illuminate the surface from at least three different angles. In a further preferred embodiment, the filter device carries out a pixel-by-pixel calibration of the values ​​or signals output by the individual pixels of the image recording device.Further advantages and embodiments emerge from the attached drawings: Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of a device according to the invention; Fig. 2 shows a representation of the spectral characteristics of the RGB filter of a digital camera; Fig. 3 shows sensitivity curves of the three color receptors X^(red), Y^(green) and Z^(blue); Fig. 4 shows the radiation output of the standard illuminant D65; Fig. 5 shows an emission spectrum of an LED; Fig. 6 shows the transmission behavior of a filter device; HANNKE BITTNER & PARTNER BKG01-047-WOPT - 20 - Fig. 7a - c show comparisons of the resulting sensitivities; Fig. 8 shows a comparison of theoretical and actual intensity profiles; Fig. 9 shows deviations between a theoretical and an actual profile; Fig. 10 shows an image of a silver metallic coating at 15°; Fig. 11 shows an image of a silver metallic coating at 80°; Fig.12 an image of a hyper-red metallic coating at 15°; Fig. 13 an image of a hyper-red metallic coating at 80°; Fig. 14 RGB camera image of a crystal silver xyrallic coating with black as the base color at a 15° observation angle; Fig. 15 RGB camera image of a crystal silver xyrallic coating with white as the base color at a 15° observation angle; Fig. 16 RGB camera image of a crystal silver xyrallic coating with black as the base color at a 80° observation angle; Fig. 17 RGB camera image of a crystal silver xyrallic coating with white as the base color at a 80° observation angle; Fig. 18 a more detailed image of a hyper-red metallic coating at 80°, with effect pigments visible as bright reflections (oriented) or dark dots; HANNKE BITTNER & PARTNER BKG01-047-WOPT - 21 - Fig.Fig. 19 is a more detailed image of a hyper red metallic coating at 80° in which the effect pigment areas oriented in the reflection direction of the camera were removed using digital image processing; Fig. 20 is a more detailed image of a hyper red metallic coating at 80° in which, in addition to Fig. 19, the misoriented effect pigment areas (visible as dark dots) were also removed using digital image processing; Fig. 21 – 24 are four illustrations for the calibration of the individual pixels; Fig. 25 is an illustration of a test procedure for hyper red; Fig. 26 is an illustration of a test procedure for mamba green; Fig. 27 is a comparison between a hyper red surface without effect pigments and a surface with effect pigments; Fig. 28 is an RGB histogram for hyper red; Fig. 29 is a comparison between a mamba green surface without effect pigments and a surface with effect pigments; Fig. 30 is an RGB histogram for mamba green; Fig.31 shows an image of a hyperred surface with a fingerprint; Fig. 32 shows an image of a surface with a scratch; Fig. 33 shows a comparison between a surface without a scratch and a surface with a scratch; Fig. 34 shows an illustration of a camera-based measurement of the background color; Fig. 35 shows an illustration of a measuring arrangement; HANNKE BITTNER & PARTNER BKG01-047-WOPT - 22 - Fig. 36 shows a illustration of a measuring arrangement; and Fig. 37 shows a further illustration of a measuring arrangement. Fig. 1 shows a schematic illustration of a device 1 for inspecting surfaces 10. This device has a first radiation device 2 or illumination device 2, which radiates light onto the surface 10, beam S2. The reference numeral 4 denotes an image recording device, which records at least one spatially resolved image of the surface illuminated by the first radiation device (beam path S4).The reference symbol O denotes an opening in the housing 12 through which the surface 10 is irradiated and through which the image recording device 4 observes the surface. The image recording device records the images at an observation angle of 0°, i.e., it is arranged perpendicularly above the surface 10. The reference symbol 12 denotes an optionally provided filter device that is arranged in the beam path S4 between the surface 10 and the image recording device and through which the image recording device records an image of the surface 10. The reference symbol 14 denotes an optionally provided lens device that serves to collimate the light reflected and / or scattered by the surface 10 so that it also hits the filter device in a collimated state and preferably also perpendicular to the filter device.Reference numeral 20 denotes an evaluation device which evaluates the images recorded by the image recording device 4. The evaluation device can preferably output data which are characteristic of the physical properties of the surface. Reference numeral 22 denotes a processor device which calibrates and / or modifies the images recorded by the image recording device during operation of the device, and in particular calibrates them pixel by pixel and / or in particular taking into account the data determined by the evaluation device. Therefore, this processor device preferably determines the above-mentioned software filter device. Reference numeral 6 denotes a second radiation device which also directs radiation, and in particular light, onto the surface (but at a different angle of incidence oralong the beam path S2). This radiation device in particular can be used to evaluate the recorded images. The reference number 8 denotes a third radiation device which also radiates radiation and in particular light along a beam path S3 onto the surface 10. A control device (not shown) is preferably provided which activates the radiation devices 2, 6 and 8 with a time offset. Fig. 2 shows a characteristic of an image recording device as a function of the wavelength of the incident radiation. More precisely, the sensitivity of the RGB filters of this image recording device or camera is shown. Three curves R, G, B are shown which relate to the components "red", "green" and "blue". The quantum efficiency in % is plotted on the coordinate and the wavelength of the incident light on the ordinate.It can be seen that the quantum efficiency of the camera as a whole initially increases in the wavelength range between 400 nm and 800 nm and then decreases again. In this way, the image recording device has its own characteristics for image reproduction or image recording. Fig. 3 shows a representation of the tristimulus functions of the human eye. Here, too, three curves x(λ), y(λ), and z(λ) are shown, with the wavelength in nm on the ordinate and the tristimulus value on the coordinate. HANNKE BITTNER & PARTNER BKG01-047-WOPT - 24 - By comparing the representations shown in Figs. 2 and 3, it can be seen that the wavelength-dependent sensitivity curves of the image recording device and the human eye differ considerably. These differences are to be at least partially compensated for by the invention. Fig.Figure 4 shows an intensity curve of a D65 standard light source in a range between 300 nm and 800 nm. This illuminant is approximate to the curve in daylight under cloudy skies. The second curve A shows the curve of a conventional incandescent lamp. The standard illuminant D represents the daylight spectrum and is therefore of particular interest in numerous industrial sectors. The D65 illuminant derives its name from its color temperature of 6,504 Kelvin (K). D65 is used in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries, in paint production, and in the ceramics, fabric, paper, and automotive industries. The D65 standard illuminant has a high blue component, which allows fluorescent colors to be recognized. D65 is used as an evaluation light source. The spectral distribution of D65 light sources is defined in DIN 5033 and lies between wavelengths of 300 nm and 780 nm, thus between ultraviolet and red. Fig.Figure 5 shows an emission spectrum of a light source preferably used within the scope of the invention, namely a tri-phosphor high CRI LED. It can be seen that this light source radiates essentially between 400 and 800 nm. The color temperature here is 5600 K. This radiation characteristic is preferably also taken into account when designing the filter device. The abbreviation CRI stands for color rendering index. The color rendering index is a quantitative measure of a light source and describes the ability to reproduce the colors of objects compared to an ideal or natural light source. The term CRI is frequently used on commercially available lighting products. Correctly defined, it should be Ra - general color rendering index - or Ri - specific color rendering index - depending on the test color samples to be evaluated.HANNKE BITTNER & PARTNER BKG01-047-WOPT - 25 - The CRI is calculated by comparing the color rendering of the test light source with that of a defined light source. For test light sources below 5000 K, a blackbody radiator is used as a defined reference source. Daylight (D-lamp) is used for comparison for test light sources above 5000 K. The calculation of Ri and Ra is explained in detail in the CIE 13.3-1995 technical report. The test method uses a set of eight Ra or 14 Ri CIE-1974 color samples from an early edition of the Munsell color system. The first eight samples are moderately saturated, span the hue circle, and have approximately equal brightness. The remaining six samples provide additional information about the color rendering properties of the light source. Fig.Figure 6 shows a transmission curve of a filter device adapted for the present invention, as calculated from the data described above and the equation shown above. Based on this data, a filter device is preferably manufactured which approximately displays the transmission behavior shown in Figure 6. When manufacturing filter devices, there are several methods for achieving a desired transmission curve, which were explained above. In addition, a software filter can be created based on these values, or the aforementioned adjustments can be carried out in software. Such adjustment is also possible on a pixel-by-pixel basis. Figures 7a - 7c show three representations of curves (plotted in arbitrary units on the coordinate). Figure 7b again shows the curves of the human eye, which are also shown in Figure 3. Fig.7c shows the curve resulting from an image recording device without the filter device proposed according to the invention. Fig. 7a shows a sensitivity or a curve resulting from the use of the filter device. It can be seen that the curve shown in Fig. 7a is significantly closer to the "natural" curve shown in Fig. 7b than the curve shown in Fig. 7c. Fig. 8 shows a representation to illustrate the method according to the invention. A more detailed comparison is shown between the curves shown in Figs. 7b and 7c. It can be seen that these curves are close together in some wavelength ranges, but differ considerably from one another in other wavelength ranges. The tristimulus curves X, Y, Z are shown, as are the resulting sensitivity curves B, G, R. HANNKE BITTNER & PARTNER BKG01-047-WOPT - 26 - Fig.Figure 9 shows a diagram illustrating the percentage deviations (diff x, diff y, and diff z) of the curves from each other. Here, too, it can be seen that there are high deviations in some areas and only low deviations in others. As mentioned above, the measured spectrum is recorded at a very flat angle of incidence, since in this case the influence of the individual flakes is very small. The values ​​for X, Y, and Z can be determined using the following equations: I (l) denotes the wavelength-dependent relative intensity of a standard illuminant. L (l) denotes the wavelength-dependent intensity of the radiation device. In a further process step, the area of ​​this maximum is selected to evaluate the absorption pigments, and the value L*a*b is calculated and averaged within this area for a sufficient number of pixels. This procedure allows, as mentioned above, areas of the image that display flakes and areas that do not display flakes to be identified. To evaluate the flakes or the layer containing the flakes, separate flakes are preferably selected, as mentioned above. For example, a specific area of ​​pixels can be assigned to a flake. In Fig.Figure 9 shows the areas of the histogram that represent the absorption pigments as well as the areas that represent the effect pigments. Figures 10 to 13 show different images of surfaces. Figure 10 shows a silver metallic surface, imaged at an angle of 15°, and Figure 11 shows the same surface at an angle of 80°. Significant differences can be seen in the two images. Figure 12 shows a hyper-red metallic layer imaged at 15°, and Figure 13 shows a hyper-red metallic layer imaged at 80°. Here, too, very significant differences in the image recording can be seen. In particular, it can be seen that the influence of the effect pigments is much less noticeable at the 80° angle than in the images imaged at 15°.Figures 14 to 17 show RGB camera images of crystal silver Xirallic coatings at 15° and 80°, with black as the absorption pigment base color (Figures 15 and 17) and white as the absorption pigment base color (Figures 16 and 18). It can be seen that at 15°, the effect pigments are clearly prominent, whereas they have no effect or almost no effect in images taken at 80°. As mentioned above, one aspect of the invention is to adapt the image recording device to the characteristics of the human eye. However, this gives rise to numerous problems. First, there are a multitude of mutually varying filter curves. Significant differences in image recording characteristics also arise during the manufacture of LEDs. Another problem is the temperature-dependent change in light-emitting diodes and their radiation activity. Furthermore, RGB filters also differ from camera to camera.HANNKE BITTNER & PARTNER BKG01-047-WOPT - 28 - Therefore, newly designed filters are required if a camera chip or the LED curves change. Care should be taken to have only one standard illumination and one standard observation device. Furthermore, the consistency between different observation devices or devices is also a problem. Figure 18 shows a more detailed view of a hyper-red metallic coating taken at an angle of 80°. A few prominent effect pigments can still be seen here. Figure 19 shows a representation in which the RGB values ​​above the maximum of the histogram, which are assigned to the correctly oriented effect pigments, have been set to the maximum values. It can be seen that the correctly oriented effect pigments no longer appear in this representation or are "calculated out." Only the misoriented effect pigments are still visible.Figure 20 shows further processing of the image data, based on the data from Figure 20, in which the RGB values ​​below the maximum of the histogram, which are attributable to the misoriented effect pigments, were set to the maximum values. It can be seen that the misoriented effect pigments no longer appear in this representation or are "calculated out." Figure 21 shows hyperchromatic histograms of the three channels (RGB). The individual curves are labeled. The calibration of each individual pixel is described below. In the xyz color space, the following relationships for x, y, and z result: HANNKE BITTNER & PARTNER BKG01-047-WOPT - 29 -. And k=1 or 100. S( ^) comes from color measurements below 110° For the values ​​of an RGB camera, the following relationships apply During calibration, the illumination spectrum I Led( ^) are determined from color corrections. The values ​​^̅R ( ^),yg ( ^) and ^̅B ( ^) are derived from sensitivity calibrations. HANNKE BITTNER & PARTNER BKG01-047-WOPT - 30 - For example, calibration can preferably be performed on a white surface with a known spectrum Swhite (l). This results in the values ​​k R , the following relationship: Corresponding relationships arise for k G and k B . L*, a* and b* can now be calculated for each individual pixel (using hyperspectral imaging): And k=1 or 100. S(^) is derived from color measurements below 110°. In this way, L*, a* and b* are obtained. Figure 22 shows the TRI-stimulus values ​​plotted against the wavelength. HANNKE BITTNER & PARTNER BKG01-047-WOPT - 31 - Figure 23 denotes the zB, yG and xR values ​​shown above. Figure 24 shows the sensitivity of the spectrometer, which is also taken into account. In order to determine the parameters of the entire system for each individual pixel, it is proposed that a diffuse sphere be illuminated with monochromatic light with a half-wavelength of 10 nm, from 400 nm to 700 nm in 10 nm steps. The sphere has a measuring input and an external spectrometer. Furthermore, a large number of images are taken with a specific resolution, e.g. between 25 and 35 images with 5 MP resolution each at different wavelengths, in order to cover the visible spectral range.Preferably, the spectral sensitivity of all 5 million pixels is then calculated. For temperature calibration, the spectral distribution of the LEDs is recorded at different temperatures from 10°C to 40°C, preferably in a climate chamber. This results in the diagram shown in Figure 24. This shows the measured sensitivity curves of the individual RGB channels of the camera sensor. The result is a small variation from pixel to pixel in the spectral sensitivity curves, as indicated by the individual bars. Overall, this results in three average sensitivity curves for each RGB channel, which together fully represent or evaluate a specific RGB camera chip. If the actual physical parameters of the LEDs, the filter, and the camera are known, numerous advantages arise. First, the variation in the LEDs and SPDs from different manufacturers can be compensated for.In addition, filter variations can also be compensated. Furthermore, variations in the camera can also be compensated, which makes it possible to replace the camera in a measurement setup. HANNKE BITTNER & PARTNER BKG01-047-WOPT - 32 - Furthermore, the actual calibration of the entire system is also possible. In addition, different standard illuminations can be calculated. In addition, this adjustment between different measuring devices is improved. Finally, an LED temperature deviation is also taken into account. A verification of this procedure is described below. In this procedure, a sufficient quantity of a known effect solution without effect pigments is mixed. This quantity is then divided into two (particularly equal) parts or two (particularly equal) containers.In a further step, the effect pigments are added to one of the two containers, specifically in the correct proportion. This results in two color mixtures that are identical except for the addition of effect pigment to one of the two components. This is illustrated in Figures 25 and 26. Furthermore, the two mixtures are preferably sprayed onto two test surfaces using the same application parameters. If these two test surfaces are then measured with a spectrophotometer that does not measure with integral spatial resolution, a significant deviation in the color tone is evident, which is expressed by the dE* of 3.78 and confirms what can also be directly observed with the eye: The addition of effect pigment not only produces the desired sparkle effect but also changes the overall color impression of the sample.In the further process, the absorption pigments are measured equally in the formulation with and without effect pigments using an RGB camera. Figure 27 shows a corresponding curve, with the measurement being carried out at 80° with and without effect pigments. The two curves are labelled. Figure 28 shows a corresponding RGB histogram for hyperred. HANNKE BITTNER & PARTNER BKG01-047-WOPT - 33 - In the following table, the values ​​L*, a* and b* were calculated from integral color measurements based on the spectral data at a 110° angle: L* a* b* Hyperred with 17.05 37.92 25.22 effect hyperred without 17.74 41.30 27.10 effect dE* 3.78 In the following table, the values ​​L*, a* and b* were calculated from the RGB camera image data when illuminated with an 80° LED.L* a* b* Hyper red with 17.56 40.94 26.89 effect Hyper red without 17.63 41.36 26.77 dE* 0.44 effect In this way, the influence of effect pigments can be eliminated, which helps to measure the color of the absorption pigment largely independently of the concentration of the effect pigments. This is proven by the measurement deviation between the two samples "Hyper red with effect" and "Hyper red without effect" is only dE*=0.44 instead of 3.78. More precisely, the influences of the effect pigments can be sorted out by comparison in order to determine the absorption pigment color largely independently of the effect pigment concentration. The same calculations can also be carried out for the color Mamba Green, as shown in Figures 29 and 30. Figure 31 shows an image of a hyperred surface with a fingerprint and Figure 32 shows an image of a hyperred surface with a scratch.The following suggests separating these as well. HANNKE BITTNER & PARTNER BKG01-047-WOPT - 34 - The following values ​​result for a flawless surface, a scratch, and a fingerprint. Integral color measurement at 110°: L* a* b* dE* Hyperred, 15°, 41.58 50.17 41.30 defect-free Hyperred, 15°, 42.54 48.79 38.73 3.07 with scratches Hyperred 15° with 48.44 44.06 30.07 14.51 fingerprint Camera-based measurement of the background color at 80°: L* a* b* dE* Hyperred, defect-free 16.82 45.76 25.83 Hyperred, with 16.88 46.56 25.45 0.89 scratches Hyperred with 16.82 45.76 25.83 0.24 fingerprint Figure 33 shows a corresponding image of these three surfaces, where the differences can be seen in particular in a range starting at 640 nm. Furthermore, corresponding measurements are taken for camera-based measurements of the background color. Here, too, the influences of a fingerprint and a scratch can be seen. Fig.Figure 35 shows the corresponding RGB histograms of the three cases shown spectrally in Figure 34: intact sample, with scratch, and with fingerprint. HANNKE BITTNER & PARTNER BKG01-047-WOPT - 35 - In this way, it is possible to clearly identify data caused by dirt (such as scratches, fingerprints, and the like) in an RGB camera histogram and, accordingly, to eliminate them. Figures 35 - 37 show three different measuring setups. In the measuring setup shown in Figure 35, illumination occurs at +65°, i.e., starting from a direction perpendicular to the surface, at an angle of 65° (counterclockwise). The reflection accordingly emerges at an angle of -65°. Color detection occurs at an angle of +45° and thus at an angle of 110° to the reflected radiation. In the setup shown in FigureIn the measuring arrangement shown in Fig. 36, the irradiation again occurs at +65°, but the observation using an RGB image camera is at +15° and thus at an angle of 80° compared to the reflected radiation. With the measuring arrangement shown in Fig. 37, illumination can be carried out at three angles, namely at +65°, but also at 0° and -30°. The color detection here again occurs at +45°. The dashed lines at +30°, 0° and -65° show the reflected beam paths of the individual illuminations. It can be seen that in this way measurements can be taken at a variety of different angles, depending on which illumination is activated. The applicant reserves the right to claim all features disclosed in the application documents as essential to the invention, provided that they are new, individually or in combination, compared to the prior art.It is further noted that features are also described in the individual figures which may be advantageous in themselves. Those skilled in the art will immediately recognize that a specific feature described in a figure may also be advantageous without adopting further features from that figure. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that advantages may also arise from a combination of several features shown in individual or different figures.

Claims

HANNKE BITTNER & PARTNER BKG01-047-WOPT - 36 - Method and device for inspecting painted surfaces with effect pigments Patent claims 1. Method for inspecting painted surfaces (10) which preferably have one or more layers with absorption pigments and / or effect pigments, wherein radiation is irradiated onto a surface (10) to be inspected at a first predetermined angle of incidence (α1) by means of a first radiation device (2), and wherein a color image recording device (4) records a spatially resolved image of the surface irradiated by the direction of incidence at a first observation angle (β), wherein this image recording device (4) has a first predetermined sensitivity (F(l)) dependent on a wavelength of the radiation striking the image recording device, characterized in thatthat an image evaluation device carries out a section-by-section and preferably pixel-by-pixel evaluation of the image recorded by the image recording device, wherein the color image recording device (4) is also used for the evaluation and / or assessment of the absorption and / or effect pigments, and / or the influence of effect pigments on the image recording and / or the integral color measurement is taken into account and / or eliminated within the scope of the image evaluation.

2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that a classification of absorption and / or effect pigments is carried out with regard to at least one property characteristic of these absorption and / or effect pigments.

3. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that a cluster formation is carried out.

4. Method according to claim 3, characterized in that, HANNKE BITTNER & PARTNER BKG01-047-WOPT - 37 - the characteristic property is selected from a group of properties that includes a pigment size, a* values, and b* values.

5. Method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, within the scope of the evaluation, a distinction is made between absorption pigments and effect pigments.

6. Method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the influences of at least some of the absorption and / or effect pigments are eliminated.

7. Method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that interfering features located on the surface are identified, and surface areas with such interfering features are preferably disregarded in the evaluation. 8.Method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wavelength-dependent sensitivity of the image recording device is determined by means of a spectrometer and / or a monochromator and / or the evaluation of the image recorded by the image recording device is carried out by means of a spectrometer and / or a monochromator.

9. Method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a sensitivity (X( ^)) of the human eye which is dependent on a wavelength of the radiation incident on the human eye is taken into account in the evaluation.

10. Method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that by means of a second radiation device (14) under a second predetermined input. HANNKE BITTNER & PARTNER BKG01-047-WOPT - 38 - radiation is irradiated onto the surface at a beam angle (α2), and the image recording device records an image of the surface irradiated by the second radiation device (14).

11. The method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the observation angle (β) relative to a direction perpendicular to the surface (10) is less than 10°, preferably less than 5°, preferably less than 3°, and / or that the first angle of incidence relative to a direction perpendicular to the surface is between 70° and 20°, preferably between 60° and 30°, preferably between 50° and 40°.

12. Device (1) for inspecting painted surfaces (10), preferably having one or more layers with absorption pigments and / or effect pigments, with a first radiation device (2),which irradiates a surface (10) to be inspected at a first predetermined angle of incidence (a1) and a color image recording device (4) which records a spatially resolved image of the surface irradiated by the direction of incidence at a first observation angle (b), said image recording device (4) having a first predetermined sensitivity (F(l)) dependent on a wavelength of the radiation striking the image recording device, characterized in that the device has an image evaluation device (20) which carries out a section-by-section and preferably pixel-by-pixel evaluation of the image recorded by the image recording device, wherein the color image recording device (4) can also be used for the evaluation and / or assessment of the absorption and / or effect pigments,and / or the image evaluation is suitable and intended to take into account and / or eliminate the influence of effect pigments on the image recording and / or the integral color measurement.

13. Device (1) according to claim 12, characterized in that the device (1) has a calibration device which is suitable and intended to, HANNKE BITTNER & PARTNER BKG01-047-WOPT - 39 - is correct to calibrate each individual pixel.

14. Device (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims 12-13, characterized in that the filter device performs a pixel-by-pixel calibration of the values ​​or signals output by the individual pixels of the color image recording device.

Images