Rauch- und wärmeabzugsgerät

Abstract

The invention relates to a natural smoke and heat exhaust device comprising: a pneumatic cylinder configured to open an opening device; a first line connected to the pneumatic cylinder; a first gas container arranged in the first line; a secondary line connected to the first line; a second gas container arranged in the secondary line; a release unit belonging to the first gas container, configured to release the first gas container upon the occurrence of a predetermined condition; and a pressure valve arranged in the secondary line, wherein the pressure valve is configured to release the second gas container at a predetermined pressure within the secondary line; wherein a check valve is arranged in the secondary line, configured to prevent the flow of gas from the first line into the secondary line in a predetermined direction;and wherein the predetermined condition relates to a trigger temperature or a change in air composition.

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a natural smoke and heat exhaust device and a smoke and heat exhaust system comprising several natural smoke and heat exhaust devices.

[0002] A natural smoke and heat exhaust ventilator, also known as a NSHEV, typically comprises a pneumatic cylinder designed to open an opening device, such as a roof skylight or a hatch, in the event of a fire in order to discharge hot and toxic smoke and fire gases from a building. Compressed gases such as carbon dioxide or nitrogen, which are stored in a gas cylinder, are typically used as the energy source for the pneumatic cylinder. In the event of a fire, under predetermined conditions, a trigger unit of the natural smoke and heat exhaust ventilator releases the gas cylinder, allowing the gas stored therein to flow via a corresponding line to a piston chamber of the pneumatic cylinder. The pneumatic cylinder, connected to the closed opening device, comprises a piston connected to a piston rod, which is movably arranged within a cylinder tube of the pneumatic cylinder.The piston, together with the cylinder barrel and a base cover of the pneumatic cylinder, defines a piston chamber. The gas stored in the gas container flows into the piston chamber of the pneumatic cylinder after being triggered by a trigger unit, increasing the pressure in the piston chamber. A force generated by the increase in pressure acts on a base of the piston, causing the piston to move towards a cover of the pneumatic cylinder and normally opening the opening device connected to the piston rod. As the piston moves towards the cover, the volume of the piston chamber increases, gradually reducing the pressure within the piston chamber and thus the force acting on the base of the piston. The amount of gas stored in the gas container therefore determines the force acting on the base of the piston.The opening device can only be opened using the gas stored in the gas container if the force acting on the base of the piston is smaller than the force acting on the base of the piston. If, for example, there is a load on the opening device, such as a snow load in the case of a skylight, or if there is a force acting on the opening device, such as a force resulting from obstruction by tree branches or the like in the case of a facade flap, the force generated by the gas in the piston chamber may not be sufficient to open the opening device in the event of a fire. As a result, the hot and toxic smoke and fire gases would not be able to be expelled from the building. Instead, the smoke would obscure or hinder the visibility of escape routes within the building and the rescue of people inside.

[0003] At the European level, natural smoke and heat exhaust ventilators must meet the requirements of standard EN 12101-2. This standard stipulates that each natural smoke and heat exhaust ventilator may only have one activation unit. The reason for this is that when the activation unit is activated, a second activation unit cannot be automatically activated as they function independently of each other. Therefore, according to the standard, it is not possible to install multiple gas cylinders, each with its own activation unit, on a natural smoke and heat exhaust ventilator. According to the associated standard EN 12101-10, the size of the gas cylinder filled with carbon dioxide or nitrogen is limited. Firstly, the fill factor must not exceed a permissible value at a specific ambient temperature. Secondly, the fill volume must not exceed a certain value at that specific ambient temperature.For example, at a maximum ambient temperature of 68°C, the filling factor for carbon dioxide containers must not exceed 0.71 kg / l, whereby the maximum filling quantity in this case must not exceed 150g of carbon dioxide.

[0004] This means that under certain circumstances, for example if the opening device is designed as a skylight and there is an above-average snow load on the skylight, the amount of gas stored in the gas container is not sufficient to open the opening device in the event of a fire.

[0005] The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a novel natural smoke and heat exhaust device which solves the aforementioned problem.

[0006] This object is achieved by a natural smoke and heat exhaust device having the features of the independent claim. Preferred embodiments and specific configurations of the natural smoke and heat exhaust device according to the invention are defined in the dependent claims.

[0007] The natural smoke and heat exhaust device comprises a pneumatic cylinder configured to open an opening device. Furthermore, the natural smoke and heat exhaust device has a first line connected to the pneumatic cylinder, a first gas container arranged in the first line, and a secondary line connected to the first line. Furthermore, the natural smoke and heat exhaust device comprises a second gas container arranged in the secondary line, a triggering unit associated with the first gas container, which is configured to trigger the first gas container upon the occurrence of a predetermined condition, and a pressure valve arranged in the secondary line, wherein the pressure valve is configured to trigger the second gas container at a predetermined pressure within the secondary line.

[0008] The natural smoke and heat exhaust ventilation device according to the invention advantageously allows for the use of only one triggering unit, which triggers the first gas cylinder when a predetermined condition occurs. At the same time, the amount of gas available to generate power for the pneumatic cylinder is increased, so that the pneumatic cylinder can move larger loads or overcome larger forces in the event of a fire, and the opening device can be opened despite the larger loads or forces acting on it, in order to discharge hot and toxic smoke and fire gases from a building.

[0009] According to the invention, when the first gas container is triggered in the event of a fire, the pressure in the first line and in the secondary line connected to the first line is increased by the gas released in the first gas container. When a predetermined pressure is reached within the secondary line, the pressure valve arranged within the secondary line triggers the second gas container. The gas quantity stored in the first gas container flows via the first line into a piston chamber of the pneumatic cylinder. In addition, the gas quantity stored in the second gas container also flows via the secondary line and the first line into the piston chamber. This increases the pressure in the piston chamber and consequently the force acting on the base of a piston of the pneumatic cylinder.The natural smoke and heat exhaust ventilator according to the invention can maintain pressure within the piston chamber in the event of a fire by increasing the gas volume, even when the natural smoke and heat exhaust ventilator is designed in accordance with standards. For example, the gas volume can be doubled by using identical gas containers for the first and second gas containers. It is also conceivable for the second gas container to be selected so that it can store twice the gas volume of the first gas container. Furthermore, a reversed design of the two gas containers is also possible. Furthermore, it is conceivable for multiple pneumatic cylinders connected to the first line to be used. For example, two pneumatic cylinders can be used, each arranged in an edge region of the opening device.

[0010] According to a preferred embodiment, a check valve can be arranged within the secondary line, which is designed to prevent gas from flowing from the first line into the secondary line in a predetermined direction.

[0011] For example, the secondary line can run from a first branch point of the first line to a second branch point of the first line. The check valve can be arranged downstream of the second gas container and between the second gas container and the second branch point.

[0012] This ensures that, after the first gas cylinder is triggered, the gas from the first gas cylinder does not impede the outflow of the gas stored in the second gas cylinder after the second gas cylinder is triggered by the pressure valve. Thus, the gas from the second gas cylinder can flow unhindered from the secondary line into the first line. Consequently, the gas from the second gas cylinder can mix with the gas from the first gas cylinder after the triggering in the first line.

[0013] Preferably, the natural smoke and heat exhaust device can comprise at least one additional gas container arranged in a further branch line. For example, the natural smoke and heat exhaust device can comprise three, four, or five additional gas containers and three, four, or five additional branch lines.

[0014] This offers the advantage that the gas volume can be increased to increase the pressure in the piston chamber and thus increase the force acting on the piston base. Furthermore, with a predetermined total gas volume of all gas cylinders used, the use of additional gas cylinders allows for smaller and therefore more manageable gas cylinders. This can facilitate, for example, maintenance and replacement of the gas cylinders or installation of the natural smoke and heat exhaust ventilation system.

[0015] The gas containers can each be filled with carbon dioxide or nitrogen. This applies to the first and second gas containers as well as to the additional gas containers.

[0016] According to a preferred embodiment, the predetermined condition may relate to a trigger temperature. Advantageously, the trigger temperature is at least 50°C, preferably at least 68°C, particularly preferably at least 93°C.

[0017] In the event of a fire, a melting piston of the trigger unit melts when the predetermined trigger temperature is reached, releasing a tensioned spring of the trigger unit and pressing a trigger unit needle into the first gas-filled gas container. Pressing the trigger unit needle into the first gas container releases the gas stored in the gas container.

[0018] According to a further preferred embodiment, the predetermined condition may relate to a change in air composition in addition to or instead of the trigger temperature. Thus, the predetermined condition may alternatively or additionally be detected by a smoke detector.

[0019] This offers the advantage that, depending on the application, the first gas cylinder can be triggered according to the predetermined condition.

[0020] Preferably, the predetermined pressure is at least 10 bar.

[0021] Such a design makes it possible to use the natural smoke and heat exhaust ventilation device, or its opening device, for daily ventilation as well. Specifically, a gas can be introduced into the first line for daily ventilation, which is then fed into the piston chamber of the pneumatic cylinder to open the opening device. In this case, the pressure prevailing in the first line for daily ventilation must be less than 10 bar. In this case, the second gas cylinder is not triggered by the pressure valve.

[0022] According to the invention, a smoke and heat extraction system can comprise several natural smoke and heat extraction devices according to the embodiments described above. The smoke and heat extraction system can also have additional energy sources by means of which the opening device of the smoke and heat extraction devices can be opened. For example, larger gas cylinders can be used as additional energy sources. These cylinders are arranged in a specially protected space and can be used to control all or selected smoke and heat extraction devices.

[0023] A particular embodiment of a natural smoke and heat exhaust device is explained in more detail in comparison with an embodiment of a natural smoke and heat exhaust device according to the prior art using the attached drawings.

[0024] They show: Fig. 1 a schematic representation of a natural smoke and heat exhaust device according to the invention, and Fig.2 a schematic representation of a natural smoke and heat exhaust device according to the state of the art.

[0025] In Fig. 2 A standard-compliant natural smoke and heat exhaust ventilation device 1 is shown according to an embodiment of the prior art. The prior art natural smoke and heat exhaust ventilation device 1 comprises a pneumatic cylinder 2 connected to an opening device (not shown), for example, a skylight or a facade flap. Furthermore, the prior art natural smoke and heat exhaust ventilation device 1 has a first line 3 connected to the pneumatic cylinder 2, which is connected to a first gas container 4. In the event of a fire, according to the prior art, a trigger unit 7 associated with the first gas container 4 triggers the first gas container 4.More specifically, in the event of a fire, upon reaching a predetermined triggering temperature of, for example, 93°C, a melting piston of the triggering unit 7 melts, releasing a tensioned spring of the triggering unit 7 and pressing a needle of the triggering unit 7 into the first gas container 4, which is presently filled with 120g of carbon dioxide. By pressing the needle of the triggering unit 7 into the gas container 4, the carbon dioxide stored in the gas container 4 is released and flows via the first line 3 into the pneumatic cylinder 2. The pneumatic cylinder 2, which is connected to the closed opening device, comprises a piston connected to a piston rod, which is movably arranged within a cylinder tube of the pneumatic cylinder 2. The piston, together with the cylinder tube and a base cover of the pneumatic cylinder 2, defines a piston chamber.After being triggered by the trigger unit 7, the carbon dioxide stored in the gas container 4 flows into the piston chamber of the pneumatic cylinder 2. As a result, the pressure in the piston chamber increases. A force generated by the increase in pressure acts on a bottom of the piston, causing the piston to move toward a cover of the pneumatic cylinder 2 and the opening device connected to the piston rod to normally open. As the piston moves toward the cover, the volume of the piston chamber increases, gradually reducing the pressure within the piston chamber and thus the force acting on the bottom of the piston. The amount of carbon dioxide stored in the first gas container 4 is therefore crucial for the force acting on the bottom of the piston.The opening device can only be opened by means of the carbon dioxide stored in the first gas container 2 if a force counteracting the force acting on the base of the piston is smaller than the force acting on the base of the piston. Therefore, if, for example, a load is placed on the opening device, such as a snow load in the case of a skylight, or if a force acts on the opening device, such as a force resulting from obstruction by tree branches or the like in the case of a facade flap, the force generated in the piston chamber by the 120g of carbon dioxide may under certain circumstances be insufficient to open the opening device in the event of a fire.

[0026] As in Fig.1 As shown, the natural smoke and heat exhaust device 1 according to the invention comprises, in addition to the components of the Fig.2 The natural smoke and heat exhaust device 1 according to the prior art shown further components. The natural smoke and heat exhaust device 1 according to the invention additionally comprises a secondary line 5 connected to the first line 3, which extends from a first branching point of the first line 3 to a second branching point of the first line 3. In this case, a section of the first line 3 from the first gas container 4 to the first branching point is shorter in the present embodiment than a section of the first line 3 to the second branching point, but can also be longer. Within the secondary line 5, starting from the first branching point in the direction of the second branching point, a pressure valve 5, a second gas container 6 and a check valve 9 are arranged in the following order. In the present case, the first gas container 4 and the second gas container 6 are each filled with 120 g of carbon dioxide.In addition, the filling factor of the two gas containers 4 and 6 is 0.58 kg / l each at a maximum ambient temperature of 93°C.

[0027] In the event of a fire, the melting piston of the triggering unit 7 melts at a triggering temperature of, for example, 93°C, whereby the tensioned spring of the triggering unit 7 is released and the needle of the triggering unit 7 is pressed into the first gas container 4, which in this case is filled with, for example, 120g of carbon dioxide. By pressing the needle of the triggering unit 7 into the first gas container 4, the 120g of carbon dioxide stored in the first gas container 4 is released and flows into the first line 3 and into the pneumatic cylinder 2. By triggering the first gas container 4 or the release of the carbon dioxide stored in the first gas container 4, the pressure in the secondary line 5 rises to over 10 bar. The pressure valve 8 consequently triggers the second gas container 6 by means of a suitable device.The 120g of carbon dioxide stored in the second gas container 6 flows from the second gas container 6 in the direction of the second branching point into the first line 3 and mixes there with the carbon dioxide from the first gas container 4. The check valve 9 ensures that the carbon dioxide released from the first gas container 4 does not prevent the carbon dioxide from the second gas container 6 from flowing out of the second gas container 6 into the first line 1. As a result, a total amount of 240g of carbon dioxide flows into the piston chamber of the pneumatic cylinder 2. As a result, the pressure in the piston chamber increases and the force acting on the piston crown increases. The force generated in this way is higher than the force that can be exerted by means of the check valve 9. Fig. 2The pressure can be generated by the natural smoke and heat exhaust device 1 shown in accordance with the prior art. Thus, in the event of a fire, natural smoke and heat exhaust devices or their opening devices can be opened, even though the opening device is subjected to greater external loads or forces.

[0028] The present application may further be directed to the following aspects: 1. A natural smoke and heat exhaust device (1), comprising: a pneumatic cylinder (2) configured to open an opening device; a first line (3) connected to the pneumatic cylinder (2); a first gas container (4) arranged in the first line (3); a secondary line (5) connected to the first line (3); a second gas container (6) arranged in the secondary line (5); a triggering unit (7) associated with the first gas container (4) and configured to trigger the first gas container (4) upon the occurrence of a predetermined condition; and a pressure valve (8) arranged in the secondary line (5), wherein the pressure valve (8) is configured to trigger the second gas container (6) at a predetermined pressure within the secondary line (5).Natural smoke and heat exhaust device (1) according to aspect 1, wherein a check valve (9) is arranged in the secondary line (5), which check valve is designed to prevent gas from flowing from the first line (3) into the secondary line (5) in a predetermined direction. 3. Natural smoke and heat exhaust device (1) according to aspect 1 or 2, wherein the natural smoke and heat exhaust device (1) comprises at least one further gas container arranged in a further secondary line. 4. Natural smoke and heat exhaust device (1) according to one of aspects 1 to 3, wherein the gas containers (4, 6) are filled with carbon dioxide or nitrogen. 5. Natural smoke and heat exhaust device (1) according to one of aspects 1 to 4, wherein the predetermined condition relates to a trigger temperature. 6. Natural smoke and heat exhaust device (1) according to aspect 5, wherein the trigger temperature is at least 50°C, preferably at least 68°C, particularly preferably at least 93°C. 7.Natural smoke and heat exhaust device (1) according to one of aspects 1 to 6, wherein the predetermined condition relates to a change in air composition. 8. Natural smoke and heat exhaust device (1) according to one of aspects 1 to 7, wherein the predetermined pressure is at least 10 bar. 9. Smoke and heat exhaust system comprising a plurality of natural smoke and heat exhaust devices (1) according to one of aspects 1 to 8. List of reference symbols

[0029] 1Natural smoke and heat exhaust ventilation device 2Pneumatic cylinder 3First line 4First gas cylinder 5Secondary line 6Second gas cylinder 7Triggering unit 8Pressure valve 9Check valve

Claims

1. A natural smoke and heat exhaust device (1), comprising: a pneumatic cylinder (2) configured to open an opening device; a first line (3) connected to the pneumatic cylinder (2); a first gas container (4) arranged in the first line (3); a secondary line (5) connected to the first line (3); a second gas container (6) arranged in the secondary line (5); a triggering unit (7) associated with the first gas container (4) and configured to trigger the first gas container (4) upon the occurrence of a predetermined condition; and a pressure valve (8) arranged in the secondary line (5), wherein the pressure valve (8) is configured to trigger the second gas container (6) at a predetermined pressure within the secondary line (5).wherein a check valve (9) is arranged in the secondary line (5), which is designed to prevent gas from flowing from the first line (3) into the secondary line (5) in a predetermined direction; and wherein the predetermined condition relates to a triggering temperature.

2. Natural smoke and heat exhaust device (1) according to claim 1, wherein the trigger temperature is at least 50°C, preferably at least 68°C, particularly preferably at least 93°C.

3. A natural smoke and heat exhaust device (1), comprising: a pneumatic cylinder (2) configured to open an opening device; a first line (3) connected to the pneumatic cylinder (2); a first gas container (4) arranged in the first line (3); a secondary line (5) connected to the first line (3); a second gas container (6) arranged in the secondary line (5); a triggering unit (7) associated with the first gas container (4) and configured to trigger the first gas container (4) upon the occurrence of a predetermined condition; and a pressure valve (8) arranged in the secondary line (5), wherein the pressure valve (8) is configured to trigger the second gas container (6) at a predetermined pressure within the secondary line (5).wherein a check valve (9) is arranged in the secondary line (5), which is designed to prevent gas from flowing from the first line (3) into the secondary line (5) in a predetermined direction; and wherein the predetermined condition relates to a change in air composition.

4. Natural smoke and heat exhaust device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the natural smoke and heat exhaust device (1) comprises at least one further gas container which is arranged in a further secondary line.

5. Natural smoke and heat exhaust device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the gas containers (4, 6) are filled with carbon dioxide or nitrogen.

6. Natural smoke and heat exhaust device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the predetermined pressure is at least 10 bar.

7. Smoke and heat extraction system comprising several natural smoke and heat extraction devices (1) according to one of claims 1 to 6.

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