Outdoor photovoltaic system

Abstract

The outdoor photovoltaic system according to the invention has a plurality of photovoltaic modules (1) which are free of glass panes and have a bifacial design. Each photovoltaic module (1) has a stabilization layer (1.4) in order to make the photovoltaic module capable of resisting external forces and in order to make the photovoltaic module mechanically flexible. The photovoltaic system additionally has a plurality of posts (2) which are designed such that the posts can be anchored in the ground (4), wherein each of the photovoltaic modules (1) is arranged between a respective pair of posts (2).

Description

[0001] Description

[0002] Photovoltaic system for open land

[0003] Technical area

[0004] The invention relates to a photovoltaic system for open-air use.

[0005] According to DIN SPEC 91434, agri-photovoltaics, or agri-PV or APV for short, refers to the combined use of a single piece of land for agricultural production as the primary use and for electricity generation via a PV system as the secondary use. This means that an area can be used simultaneously for both agricultural crop production (photosynthesis) and solar power generation (PV). Agricultural land includes arable land, permanent grassland, and permanent pasture, or land used for permanent crops.

[0006] PV systems can be roughly divided into open and closed systems. Closed systems essentially comprise PV greenhouses. Open agri-PV systems can be divided into ground-level and high-elevation systems. In high-elevation systems, the PV modules are located at a height of at least 2.1 meters above the ground (see the section on DIN SPEC 91434 below). In this case, agricultural use takes place beneath the PV modules, whereas in ground-level systems the areas between the PV modules are typically cultivated. The main advantages of ground-level systems are their lower costs and a tendency towards less impact on the landscape. High-elevation systems, on the other hand, use the land more efficiently and can offer agricultural crops greater protection from negative environmental influences.

[0007] Similar to a ground-mounted PV system (PV-FFA), an agri-PV system can be implemented with either a rigid substructure or with single- or dual-axis movable structures (so-called trackers). Movable systems enable more flexible light management through the individual alignment of the PV modules.

[0008] The basic requirement for all categories is that the area of ​​the agri-PV systems must continue to be used for agricultural purposes. A more detailed description of this agricultural use in each individual case must be documented in an agricultural use concept. The following core requirements and criteria apply to the use concept.

[0009] The existing agricultural usability of the area must continue to be guaranteed and the planned land use form must be set out in the agricultural use concept.

[0010] The loss of land due to the installation of the system may not exceed 10 percent of the total project area in Category I and 15 percent in Category II. Light availability and homogeneity, as well as water availability, must be assessed and adapted to the needs of the agricultural products. Furthermore, soil erosion and damage caused by the system's construction, its anchoring in the ground, or water runoff from the modules must be avoided.

[0011] It must also be ensured that the agricultural yield after construction of the agri-PV system is at least 66 percent of the reference yield. The reference yield is a three-year average for the same agricultural area or comparable data from publications.

[0012] The PV system according to the invention can be used both as a free-space PV system and as an agri-PV system.

[0013] State of the art

[0014] A system for combining agricultural activities with solar energy generation is known from the prior art DE 20 2020 104 859 Ul. The system features mobile supports for solar modules that move along two parallel rails. The supports support a gable roof that supports several rows of solar modules on each side. This solution has the disadvantage of being expensive and complex to install.

[0015] Furthermore, from the state of the art DE 10 2013 010

[0016] 944 Al a support system for photovoltaic modules for the construction of an open-air photovoltaic system is known. The support system comprises support elements that are arranged on the ground and braced to one another with cables. At the upper end of each support element there is a holding device on which four photovoltaic modules are arranged. The support elements are braced to the ground with cables. Because the cables run diagonally downwards to the ground, the system requires a large area that is not accessible by tractor, for example, and therefore difficult or impossible to cultivate. In addition, this solution is expensive and complex to install.

[0017] A photovoltaic system with upright, bifacial photovoltaic modules (PV modules for short) is known from the prior art DE 10 2016 015 436 A1. The PV modules are held by a supporting structure made up of vertical posts anchored in the ground and horizontal bars. The posts and bars are connected to one another at the intersection points and together form rectangular mounting fields for the individual PV modules. Such a supporting structure is only suitable for inherently dimensionally stable PV modules. If a flexible PV module were used instead of a dimensionally stable PV module, there would be a risk that it would deform due to wind load, for example, and slip out of the holder or the supporting structure. Typically, dimensionally stable PV modules are equipped with two glass panes, between which the photoactive surface is arranged, with the two glass panes ensuring dimensional stability.However, they make the PV module heavy. Furthermore, the glass panes are susceptible to stone chips and can break easily. Another disadvantage is that the supporting structure must be particularly stable to support the weight of the PV modules.

[0018] The installer has to lift and carry the heavy PV modules, which is quite strenuous and tiring, especially when the installation work takes hours. During installation, they must be careful not to damage the delicate glass surfaces, especially the edges and corners of the glass panes, which in turn increases the installation time.

[0019] Description of the invention

[0020] An object of the invention is to provide a photovoltaic system for open land which is robust and easy to install.

[0021] Advantageously, the individual components of the photovoltaic system are so lightweight that the system builder can easily carry them. And even the hours-long installation is less tiring than is the case with the installation of a conventional open-space system.

[0022] Advantageously, the individual components of the photovoltaic system according to the invention are lightweight and not fragile. A further advantage of the photovoltaic system according to the invention is that it requires only a few different components, which significantly simplifies component storage. Furthermore, a number of work steps in the assembly of the photovoltaic system according to the invention can be automated, which reduces assembly costs, helps avoid assembly errors, and ensures consistently high assembly quality. This object is achieved by a photovoltaic system for open-air installations having the features specified in claim 1.

[0023] The inventive open-air photovoltaic system comprises a plurality of glass-pane-less photovoltaic modules with a bifacial design. Each photovoltaic module has a stabilizing layer to make it resistant to external forces and mechanically flexible. The photovoltaic system also comprises a plurality of piles designed to be anchored in the ground, with at least one of the photovoltaic modules arranged between each pile.

[0024] Advantageous developments of the invention result from the features specified in the dependent claims.

[0025] In one embodiment of the photovoltaic system according to the invention, a fastening means is provided for attaching the photovoltaic module to the pile. The fastening means projects through the stabilizing layer of the photovoltaic module or is pressed onto the photovoltaic module. In this way, a particularly simple and permanent connection can be created between the PV module and the fastening means. This is particularly advantageous for the transmission of tensile forces that act in the PV module plane between the pile and the PV module. A positive connection acting in the direction of tension between the fastening means and the PV module effectively prevents the PV module from being pulled out of the fastening means.The term "compression" refers to the joining of two or more components, whereby the connection created by the compression cannot be separated again without damaging or even destroying the connected components. In contrast, clamping creates a connection between components that can be separated again without damaging the connected components.

[0026] Alternatively or additionally, in the photovoltaic system according to the invention, the fastening means can be glued to the photovoltaic module.

[0027] In a further embodiment of the photovoltaic system according to the invention, the photovoltaic module has a solar cell array, with the stabilizing layer covering the solar cell array. This ensures that the stabilizing layer is distributed over a large area of ​​the PV module and can thus absorb external forces particularly well.

[0028] Such a stabilization layer is advantageously transparent to light in a wavelength range in which the solar cells are photoactive.

[0029] In an additional embodiment of the photovoltaic system according to the invention, the stabilizing layer comprises fibers. This makes the stabilizing layer even more stable and can absorb external forces even better. Furthermore, the photovoltaic system according to the invention can be provided with a fiber fabric for the stabilizing layer. This also makes the stabilizing layer even more stable and can absorb external forces even better.

[0030] It is also possible that the stabilizing layer in the photovoltaic system according to the invention comprises polyester.

[0031] In a further development of the photovoltaic system according to the invention, the photovoltaic module has a reinforcing element in the edge area. This allows the external forces acting on the PV module to be distributed more evenly across the PV module. Point loads can thus be converted into linear loads, for example. This is particularly advantageous in the case of strong external forces, which can occur, for example, during strong winds or storms.

[0032] In one embodiment of the photovoltaic system according to the invention, the light-active surfaces of the photovoltaic modules are aligned vertically in the range of 85°-95°. This makes the footprint of the entire photovoltaic system extremely small.

[0033] In a further development of the photovoltaic system according to the invention, the piles are at least partially made of plastic. Furthermore, the piles are designed to bend when exposed to sunlight, allowing the photovoltaic modules to align themselves with the sun. This effect is advantageously achieved with plastic because, unlike steel, plastic exhibits high thermal expansion and, at the same time, low thermal conductivity. By aligning the photovoltaic modules with the sun, the energy yield can be increased even further.

[0034] In a further embodiment of the photovoltaic system according to the invention, the piles are designed as driven piles, allowing them to be driven into the ground. This allows the piles to be installed particularly quickly.

[0035] In an additional embodiment of the photovoltaic system according to the invention, the piles are designed in such a way that they permanently withstand the chemical influences emanating from the ground.

[0036] In a further development of the photovoltaic system according to the invention, the photovoltaic modules and the piles are arranged in a row. This allows the ground area on both sides of the photovoltaic system to be used particularly effectively for mechanical purposes.

[0037] In another embodiment of the photovoltaic system according to the invention, the pile has a longitudinal axis and is designed symmetrically to the longitudinal axis. Such piles are particularly easy to manufacture.

[0038] Advantageously, the photovoltaic system according to the invention has a cable route arranged between the piles.

[0039] Furthermore, the photovoltaic system according to the invention can be provided with the photovoltaic modules being attached to the posts by means of springs. In the photovoltaic system according to the invention, the photovoltaic modules can also be attached to the posts by means of clamps, cables, profile rails, or pins.

[0040] In addition, it is possible that in the photovoltaic system according to the invention the photovoltaic modules are attached to the piles by means of piping.

[0041] In addition, the photovoltaic modules in the photovoltaic system according to the invention can also be attached to the piles by means of clamps.

[0042] In an additional development of the photovoltaic system according to the invention, the photovoltaic module has an opening through which one of the fastening means can pass. The fastening means can be, for example, a spring, a clamp, a rope, a pin, a clamp, a clip, or a retaining profile with a screw.

[0043] The photovoltaic system according to the invention can be used on an open space, a green area, a meadow, fallow land or an agricultural area.

[0044] In addition, the photovoltaic system according to the invention can be used simultaneously for the cultivation of plants and for the energetic use of sunlight.

[0045] Brief description of the drawings The invention is explained in more detail below with several embodiments using 26 figures.

[0046] Figure 1 shows a first possible embodiment of the photovoltaic system according to the invention in a three-dimensional view.

[0047] Figure 2 shows the first embodiment of the photovoltaic system according to the invention in a side view.

[0048] Figure 3 shows a top view of a pile and two photovoltaic modules that are connected to the pile via springs.

[0049] Figure 4 shows an enlarged section of the first embodiment of the photovoltaic system in a three-dimensional view.

[0050] Figure 5 shows a second possible embodiment of the photovoltaic system according to the invention in a side view.

[0051] Figure 6 shows a pile and two photovoltaic modules connected to the pile by clamps, in plan view.

[0052] Figure 7 shows an enlarged section of the second embodiment of the photovoltaic system in a three-dimensional view.

[0053] Figure 8 shows a third possible embodiment of the photovoltaic system according to the invention in a three-dimensional view. Figure 9 shows an enlarged section of the third embodiment of the photovoltaic system in a three-dimensional view.

[0054] Figure 10 shows a section of a fourth possible embodiment of the photovoltaic system in a three-dimensional view.

[0055] Figure 11 shows a section of a fifth possible embodiment of the photovoltaic system in a three-dimensional view.

[0056] Figure 12 shows a sixth possible embodiment of the photovoltaic system in a side view.

[0057] Figure 13 shows a top view of a pile and two photovoltaic modules connected to the pile by cables.

[0058] Figure 14 shows a section of the sixth embodiment of the photovoltaic system in a three-dimensional view.

[0059] Figure 15 shows a section of a seventh possible embodiment of the photovoltaic system in a three-dimensional view.

[0060] Figure 16 shows a pile and two photovoltaic modules connected to the pile via piping, in plan view. Figure 17 shows a section of an eighth possible

[0061] Design of the photovoltaic system in a three-dimensional view.

[0062] Figure 18 shows a section of a ninth possible embodiment of the photovoltaic system in a three-dimensional view.

[0063] Figure 19 shows a section of a tenth possible embodiment of the photovoltaic system in a three-dimensional view.

[0064] Figure 20 shows a section of the tenth embodiment of the photovoltaic system in plan view.

[0065] Figure 21 shows a section of an eleventh possible embodiment of the photovoltaic system in a three-dimensional view.

[0066] Figure 22 shows a section of the eleventh embodiment of the photovoltaic system in plan view.

[0067] Figure 23 shows a section of a twelfth possible embodiment of the photovoltaic system in a three-dimensional view.

[0068] Figure 24 shows a section of the twelfth embodiment of the photovoltaic system in plan view.

[0069] Figure 25 shows a section of a thirteenth possible embodiment of the photovoltaic system in a three-dimensional view. Figure 26 shows a section of the thirteenth embodiment of the photovoltaic system in a plan view.

[0070] Ways to implement the invention

[0071] A first possible embodiment of the photovoltaic system according to the invention is shown in Figures 1 to 4. The photovoltaic system shown in Figure 1 comprises a series of photovoltaic modules 1, which are attached to posts 2 by means of springs 3. The posts 2, in turn, are anchored in the ground 4. Naturally, the photovoltaic system is not limited to the three photovoltaic modules shown in Figure 1. Rather, Figure 1 is intended merely to illustrate the principle by way of example.

[0072] In Figure 1, only three photovoltaic modules 1 are arranged in a row. However, there are usually considerably more photovoltaic modules 1 in a row. Such a row is also referred to as a PV module row. Further PV module rows can preferably be provided parallel to such a PV module row. This results in an array of photovoltaic modules with a length L and a width B, whereby the length L and the width B of the photovoltaic system are generally based on the size and layout of the open land to be built over. Of course, this applies not only to the first, but also to all the other embodiments of the photovoltaic system listed below. The structure of a photovoltaic module 1 is explained in more detail below. This structure also applies analogously to the other photovoltaic modules 1 of the photovoltaic system.

[0073] The photovoltaic module 1 has a long side with a defined module length and a short side with a defined module width. As a rule, the module length is greater than the module width, as is also the case in Figure 1. In the first embodiment shown in Figure 1, the photovoltaic modules 1 are aligned vertically, and their long sides run parallel to the longitudinal axes LA of the piles 2. The angle between the longitudinal axis LA and the ground is preferably in the range of 85° to 95°.

[0074] The invention uses bifacial photovoltaic modules. Unlike a bifacial photovoltaic module, a one-sided active photovoltaic module only has one side of the PV module with a light-active surface. This is usually the front of the photovoltaic module. Consequently, such a one-sided active photovoltaic module only uses the sunlight that falls on the front (light-active surface) of the photovoltaic module. A bifacial photovoltaic module, on the other hand, is light-active on both sides, i.e. it has a light-active surface on both its front and its back. The bifacial photovoltaic module can therefore convert both the light that falls on the front of the photovoltaic module and the light that falls on the back of the photovoltaic module into electricity. The bifacial photovoltaic module generates a higher solar yield than a one-sided light-active photovoltaic module with the same area.The photovoltaic module 1 comprises a plurality of solar cells 1.1, which together form a solar cell array 1.2. The solar cells 1.1 are preferably arranged in a matrix, creating a matrix-like solar cell array 1.2. Because the solar cells 1.1 are usually square or rectangular, the matrix-like arrangement allows for optimal utilization of the available module area.

[0075] In principle, all types of photoactive cells are suitable as solar cells. Polycrystalline or monocrystalline silicon cells are advantageously used as solar cells in PV module 1.

[0076] Furthermore, solar cells using thin-film technology are preferably incorporated into the PV module 1. These can be, for example, cadmium indium gallium cells (CIGS cells), cells containing perovskites, organic cells, or cells made of amorphous silicon.

[0077] In thin-film technology, the individual solar cells are often strip-shaped. Several such strip-shaped solar cells are arranged next to each other and together form the solar cell array (not shown in the figures).

[0078] The photovoltaic module 1 has a mechanically flexible stabilization layer 1.4. This preferably covers the solar cell arrangement 1.2. A carrier film for the individual solar cells can be provided between the stabilization layer 1.4 and the solar cell arrangement 1.2 (not shown in the figures). The mechanically flexible stabilization layer 1.4 ensures that the photovoltaic module 1 is elastic and flexible and also so stable that it can withstand the external forces that occur without damage. Unlike a photovoltaic module in which the solar cells are arranged under glass panes, the photovoltaic module 1 is elastic and does not break when it is bent. The photovoltaic module 1 is preferably designed such that it can be bent both longitudinally and transversely without breaking.

[0079] To install the photovoltaic system, the piles 2 are preferably driven into the ground. This can be done, for example, with the aid of a pile driver. In this case, the piles 2 are preferably designed so that they can absorb the forces generated by the driver without damage. A pile designed in this way is also referred to as a driven pile.

[0080] In this context, a post is understood to be an elongated component fixed vertically in the ground. Once anchored in the ground, the post is freestanding. Unlike a pile, a post is not intended to protrude into the ground. The post ends above ground. A separate component anchored in the ground is required to secure it.

[0081] The pile 2 shown in Figures 1 to 4 has a C-shaped cross-section and a defined length. The pile 2 is preferably open at the top and bottom, i.e. it has no base and no cover. The pile 2 is preferably designed symmetrically to its longitudinal axis LA. On its long side, the pile has tabs 2 into which the springs 3 can be hooked. The springs 3 are preferably designed as tension springs. When the photovoltaic module 1 is mounted between two posts 2, the springs 3 are under tension, so that the photovoltaic module 1 is held securely and slightly taut between the two piles 2. The number of springs depends, among other things, on how much force the PV module 1 can absorb.

[0082] It can also be provided that one side of the PV module 1 is attached to the pole 2 differently than the other side. For example, the attachment method shown in Figure 6 (using clamps 5) can be combined with the attachment method shown in Figure 1 (using springs 3). In this way, the PV module 1 can be at least partially positioned in the wind, so that the surface area exposed to the wind is reduced and the PV module avoids the wind forces.

[0083] Figures 5, 6 and 7 show a second possible embodiment of the photovoltaic system according to the invention. The photovoltaic modules 1 mounted here are identical in construction to those according to the first embodiment. The second embodiment differs from the first embodiment in the type of fastening of the photovoltaic modules 1. In the second embodiment, clamps 5 are used instead of the springs 3 to fasten the photovoltaic modules 1 to posts 20. The posts 20 can, for example, be H-shaped in cross-section, as shown in Figure 6. In order to be able to hang the clamps 5 on the posts 20, the posts 20 have holes 20.1 along their long side. The clamps 5 can, for example, be bent in a V-shape. In order to attach the photovoltaic module 1 to the pole 20, the clamp 5 is passed through an opening 1 . 3 located in the photovoltaic module 1 .The two legs of the clamp 5 are then pressed together until the leg ends can slide into the holes 20 . 1 in the post 20 . The clamp 5 can then be released . Due to the restoring force, the leg ends of the clamp 5 spring into the holes 20 . 1 . In the relaxed state, the leg ends protrude through the holes 20 . 1 (cf. Figures 6 and 7 ). In this way, the clamps 5 are secured against unwanted falling out. The clamp 5 can, for example, be made of wire.

[0084] Figure 8 shows a third embodiment of the photovoltaic system according to the invention and Figure 9 shows an enlarged section thereof. In this embodiment, the photovoltaic modules 1 are mounted with their transverse side parallel to the longitudinal axes LA of the piles 20. It is possible for the photovoltaic module 1 to have a reinforcing element in order to be able to absorb wind forces better, for example. The reinforcing element can be designed as a reinforcement 11 and / or as a reinforcement 12. The reinforcement 11 can, for example, be a strip laminated onto the stabilization layer 1.4. The strip is preferably arranged in the edge region 1.6 of the photovoltaic module 1. In the embodiment according to Figures 8 and 9, the reinforcement 11 runs parallel to the long side of the photovoltaic module 1.

[0085] The reinforcement 12, if present, can be provided on or parallel to the transverse side of the photovoltaic module 1. This is shown as an example in the fourth embodiment shown in Figure 10. The reinforcement 12 is arranged in the edge region 1.6 of the photovoltaic module 1 and is preferably designed such that it can absorb the point forces generated by the fastening means 21 (for example the springs 3 or the clamps 5, 6). For this purpose, the reinforcement 12 is preferably arranged in the region of the holes 1.3 which serve to receive the fastening means 21. It can also be provided that the holes 1.3 pass not only through the stabilization layer 1.4 of the PV module 1, but also through the reinforcement 12.

[0086] The fifth embodiment of the photovoltaic system shown in Figure 11 differs from the other embodiments in the way the photovoltaic modules 1 are attached to the posts 30. Instead of the clamp 5, a clamp 6 can also be used. The clamp 6 - unlike the clamp 5 - is not inserted from the inside to the outside, but from the outside through the wall of the post 30. In addition, a safety bracket 6. 1 can be pushed over the clamp 6. This ensures that the clamp 6 does not come loose accidentally.

[0087] A sixth embodiment of the photovoltaic system is shown in Figures 12, 13 and 14. In this embodiment, the photovoltaic module 1 is fastened to the two posts 40 by means of two cables 7. In this embodiment, the photovoltaic module 1 has a plurality of holes along its long side through which the cable 7 can be pulled. The photovoltaic module 1 can have such holes on one of its long sides or on both long sides. Of course, the holes can also be present on the transverse side of the photovoltaic module 1, so that the photovoltaic module 1 can be mounted not only horizontally but also vertically. A cable tensioner 13 can be provided at one or both ends of the cable 7 in order to fasten the cable 7 to the post 40 and to be able to adjust the cable tension. The cable tensioner can have a threaded rod and a nut 14.

[0088] Figures 15 and 16 show a seventh possible embodiment of the photovoltaic system. Here, the photovoltaic module 1 is fastened to a post 50 by means of a piping 10. The post 50 has a slot 50.1 on its long side, which, together with the post 50, serves as a piping rail. The edge of the photovoltaic module 1 is thickened so that it serves as a piping 10 and can be inserted into the piping rail from above or below. To prevent the photovoltaic module 1 from slipping out of the piping rail, a securing pin 18 can be provided.

[0089] An eighth possible embodiment of the photovoltaic system is shown in Figure 17. Here, the photovoltaic module 1 is fastened to posts 60 with the aid of a profile rail 8. The profile rail 8 can be designed such that it accommodates the edge region 1.6 of the photovoltaic module 1, so that the photovoltaic module 1 is positively connected to the profile rail 8. The profile rail 8 can be suspended or latched into corresponding holes 60.1 provided in the posts 60. In this way, the profile rails 8 and the posts 60 form stable frame structures for the photovoltaic modules 1. Figure 18 shows a ninth possible embodiment of the photovoltaic system. In this embodiment, holes are located in the edge regions 1.6 of the photovoltaic module 1, through which pins 9 protrude in the mounted state, which in turn are inserted into the holes 70.1 of the posts 70.To prevent the pins 9 from becoming detached from the piles 70, the pins 9 can be secured with safety pins 15.

[0090] Figures 19 and 20 show a tenth possible embodiment of the photovoltaic system. Here, the photovoltaic modules 1 are attached to posts 80 by means of clamps 16, which serve as fastening means 21. The clamp 16 can be composed of two half-shells. The two half-shells of the clamp 16 can be connected to one another via a first web 16.1 and a second web 16.2. In this way, the clamp 16 is a single-piece component. This has the advantage that fewer components are required to attach the PV modules 1 and assembly is simplified. However, the two half-shells can also be two separate components. In this case, the two webs 16.1 and 16.2 are omitted.

[0091] To attach the clamp 16 to the pile 80, the clamp 16 can have an integrated clamp 16.5. Alternatively, the clamp 16.5 can also be a separate component. For assembly, the clamp 16 is placed around the pile 80 and the clamp 16.5 is inserted into the pile 80. Then, the clamp 16.5 and one half-shell of the clamp 16 are pulled together using a screw 82, creating a frictional connection between the half-shell, the wall of the pile 80, and the clamp 16.5. When assembled, the clamp 16 is frictionally connected to the pile 80.

[0092] In the embodiment shown in Figures 19 and 20, the clamp 16 has a holder on the left and right, each for a PV module 1. The holder can be designed as a clamp with two legs and have a screw 19 and a nut 81. To fasten a PV module 1 to the pole 2 using the clamp 16, the PV module 1 is pushed between the two legs of the holder. The screw 19 is then tightened so that the two legs are pulled together and the PV module 1 located between them is clamped.

[0093] An eleventh possible embodiment of the photovoltaic system is shown in Figures 21 and 22. Here too, the photovoltaic module 1 is clamped to the posts 80 with clamps 16. Unlike in the embodiment according to Figures 19 and 20, in the embodiment according to Figures 21 and 22 the PV module 1 is not only clamped (positive connection), but a positive and non-positive connection is created between the PV module 1 and the clamp 16. In order to fasten the PV module 1 to the post 80, a screw 19 is screwed through the PV module 1. If necessary, the PV module 1 can have a hole at the corresponding point through which the screw 19 can be inserted. However, it is also possible for the screw 19 to be designed as a self-tapping screw. In this case, you can insert it into the first leg of terminal 16 and then make sure that it cuts the hole in PV module 1 itself.The clamp 16 can be designed in such a way that the screw 19, after being screwed through the PV module, cuts its own thread in the second leg of the clamp.

[0094] A twelfth possible embodiment of the photovoltaic system is shown in Figures 23 and 24. Here, the photovoltaic module 1 is fastened to the pole 50 with the aid of a holding profile 51. The holding profile 51 has, as viewed from above (see Figure 24), the shape of a U on the side facing the PV module 1. The two legs of the U encompass the PV module 1 and are connected to it in a form-fitting and / or force-fitting manner. Alternatively or additionally, they can also be glued to the PV module 1. For this purpose, the two legs can be pressed onto the PV module 1. On the side facing the pole 50, the holding profile 51 has a web 51.1 and a cross web 51.2. In order to fasten the PV module 1 to the pole 50, the web 51. 1 of the retaining profile 51 is inserted, for example, from above into the slot 50 . 1 of the pile 50 and then lowered downwards .To define the lower end position of the retaining profile 51 and thus of the PV module 1, a securing pin 18 can be provided at the lower end position, which is inserted into the pile 50 from the outside. The securing pin 18 can also serve as a stop. If necessary, another securing pin 18 can be provided at the top. In the assembled state, the crosspiece 51 . 2 rests on the inside against the wall of the pile 50 and forms a positive connection with the pile 50 .

[0095] A thirteenth possible embodiment of the photovoltaic system is shown in Figures 25 and 26. The post 90 used here also has a longitudinal slot 90. 1 for inserting the fastening means 21. Here, too, the photovoltaic module 1 is attached to the post 90 with the aid of the retaining profile 51. However, additional springs 52 are also present here, which ensure that the PV module 1 is pulled toward the post 90. This prestresses the PV module 1 between two posts 90.

[0096] It can be provided that the PV module 1 is prestressed on only one side by means of springs 52 between two piles 90. However, it is also possible to provide springs 52 on both sides of the PV module 1.

[0097] In one embodiment, a first holding profile 51 is attached to one long side of the PV module 1 and a second holding profile 51 is attached to the other long side of the PV module 1 (see, for example, Figure 23 or 25).

[0098] In another embodiment, a first holding profile 51 is attached to one short side of the PV module 1 and a second holding profile 51 is attached to the other short side of the PV module 1 (not shown in the figures).

[0099] It can also be provided that the holding profile 51 surrounds the PV module 1 in a frame-like manner.

[0100] The preceding description of the embodiments according to the present invention serves only for illustrative purposes. Various changes and modifications are possible within the scope of the invention. For example, the various components of the photovoltaic system shown in Figures 1 to 26 can also be combined with one another in a manner other than that shown in the figures. The piles can be constructed in one piece or in multiple pieces. The upper part of the pile can be made of plastic, for example, and the lower part of the pile can be made of steel.

[0101] Because plastic, unlike steel, exhibits high thermal expansion and low thermal conductivity, the piles can bend when exposed to sunlight, allowing the photovoltaic modules 1 to align with the sun. This further increases the energy yield.

[0102] The stabilization layer 1.4 can be provided on one or both sides of the PV module 1. In one embodiment, the stabilization layer 1.4 forms the outer side of the photovoltaic module 1. If necessary, a UV protection layer can also be applied to the stabilization layer 1.4. This can be, for example, a varnish or a thin film. It can also be provided that the UV protection is integrated into the stabilization layer 1.4.

[0103] Preferably, the PV modules 1 are arranged at least at a height H above the ground (see Fig. 1). This prevents the PV modules 1 from being damaged during agricultural use. Furthermore, the PV modules 1 are not shaded by plants. Furthermore, the free space beneath the PV modules 1 is helpful for efficiently using the soil on which the PV system is located for agricultural purposes, without causing any significant loss in energy production.

[0104] 1 photovoltaic module

[0105] 1.1 Solar cell

[0106] 1.2 Solar cell arrangement

[0107] 1.3 Hole / Opening

[0108] 1.4 Stabilization layer

[0109] 1.5 Thickening

[0110] 1.6 Marginal area

[0111] 2 posts

[0112] 2.1 hole

[0113] 2.2 Tab

[0114] 3 springs

[0115] 4 Soil

[0116] 5 brackets

[0117] 6 brackets

[0118] 6. 1 safety bracket

[0119] 7 rope

[0120] 8 profile rail

[0121] 9 pin

[0122] 10 piping

[0123] 11 horizontal reinforcement

[0124] 12 vertical reinforcement

[0125] 13 rope tensioners

[0126] 14 Mother

[0127] 15 Safety pin

[0128] 16 clamp

[0129] 16.1 Bridge

[0130] 16.5 Terminal

[0131] 17 sleeve

[0132] 18 Safety pin

[0133] 19 Screw

[0134] 20 posts

[0135] 40 . 1 hole

[0136] 50 posts

[0137] 50 . 1 slot

[0138] 51 Holding profile

[0139] 51 . 1 bridge

[0140] 51 . 2 crossbar

[0141] 52 spring

[0142] 60 post

[0143] 60 . 1 hole

[0144] 70 post

[0145] 70 . 1 hole

[0146] 80 post

[0147] 81 mother

[0148] 82 screw

[0149] 90 post

[0150] 90 . 1 slot

[0151] H Mounting height

[0152] LA longitudinal axis

Claims

Patent claims 1. Photovoltaic system for open land, - which has a plurality of glass-free photovoltaic modules (1), - wherein the photovoltaic modules (1) are bifacial, - wherein each photovoltaic module (1) has a stabilising layer (1.4) which is designed to make the photovoltaic module (1) resistant to external forces and mechanically flexible, - which has a plurality of piles (2) which are designed to be anchored in the ground (4), and - wherein at least one of the photovoltaic modules (1) is arranged between each two piles (2).

2. Photovoltaic system according to claim 1, - which has a fastening means (21) for fastening the photovoltaic module (1) to the pole (2), and - the fastening means (21) protrudes through the stabilizing layer (1.4) of the photovoltaic module (1) or is pressed with the photovoltaic module (1).

3. Photovoltaic system according to claim 1, - which has a fastening means (21) for fastening the photovoltaic module (1) to the pole (2), and - the fastening means (21) is glued to the photovoltaic module (1).

4. Photovoltaic system according to one of claims 1 to 3, - in which the photovoltaic module (1) has a solar cell arrangement (1.2), and - the stabilization layer (1.4) covers the solar cell arrangement (1.2).

5. Photovoltaic system according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the stabilizing layer (1.4) comprises fibers.

6. Photovoltaic system according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the stabilizing layer (1.4) comprises a fiber fabric.

7. Photovoltaic system according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the stabilizing layer (1.4) comprises polyester.

8. Photovoltaic system according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the photovoltaic module (1) has a reinforcing element (11; 12) in the edge region (1.6).

9. Photovoltaic system according to one of claims 1 to 8, in which the light-active surfaces of the photovoltaic modules (1) are aligned vertically in the range of 85 - 95°.

10. Photovoltaic system according to one of claims 1 to 9, in which the piles (2) are at least partially made of plastic and are designed such that they bend when exposed to sunlight and the photovoltaic modules (1) are thereby aligned with the sun.

11. Photovoltaic system according to one of claims 1 to 10, in which the piles (2) are designed as driven piles so that they can be driven into the ground (4).

12. Photovoltaic system according to one of claims 1 to in which the piles (2) are designed in such a way that they permanently withstand the chemical influences emanating from the soil (4).

13. Photovoltaic system according to one of claims 1 to 12, in which the pile (2) has a longitudinal axis (LA) and is formed symmetrically to the longitudinal axis (LA).

14. Photovoltaic system according to one of claims 1 to 13, which has a cable route arranged between the piles (2).

15. Photovoltaic system according to one of claims 2 to 14, wherein the photovoltaic module (1) has an opening (1.3) passing through the photovoltaic module in order to pass one of the fastening means (21) through the opening (1.3).

16. Photovoltaic system according to one of claims 1 to 14, in which the photovoltaic modules (1) are fixed by means of springs (3) are attached to the piles (2).

17. Photovoltaic system according to one of claims 1 to 14, in which the photovoltaic modules (1) are attached to the piles (2) by means of clamps (5; 6).

18. Photovoltaic system according to one of claims 1 to 14, in which the photovoltaic modules (1) are attached to the piles (2) by means of a cable (7).

19. Photovoltaic system according to one of claims 1 to 14, in which the photovoltaic modules (1) are fastened to the piles (2) by means of a profile rail (8).

20. Photovoltaic system according to one of claims 1 to 14, in which the photovoltaic modules (1) are connected by means of pins (9) are attached to the piles (2).

21. Photovoltaic system according to one of claims 1 to 14, in which the photovoltaic modules (1) are connected by means of piping (10) are attached to the piles (2).

22. Photovoltaic system according to one of claims 1 to 14, in which the photovoltaic modules (1) are attached to the piles (2) by means of clamps (16).

23. Use of the photovoltaic system according to one of claims 1 to 9, on an open space, a green area, a meadow, fallow land or an agricultural area.

24. Use of the photovoltaic system according to one of claims 1 to 10 for the simultaneous cultivation of plants and energetic use of sunlight.

Images