Hook bottle for a crane, additional weight for a hook bottle, lifting harness and crane

Abstract

The invention relates to a hook block for a crane for lifting a load by means of a crane rope, comprising a base body and a crane hook, wherein the crane rope is force-conductingly received on the base body and the hook block is suspended in an operating position along a lifting axis on the crane rope, the crane hook is force-conductingly received on the base body at a hook position for receiving the load, and an operating weight of the hook block for stabilizing the crane rope in the operating position is variably adjustable by means of a first additional weight that can be reversibly fixed to the hook block.wherein a retaining bolt is received in the base body along a retaining bolt axis arranged substantially orthogonally to the lifting axis and forms a first receiving device for force-conducting receipt of the first additional weight on the first receiving device by means of a retaining bore arranged in the first additional weight, with a first retaining length projecting substantially orthogonally to the base body on a first side of the base body.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a hook block for a crane for lifting a load by means of a crane rope, comprising a base body and a crane hook, wherein the crane rope is force-conductingly received on the base body and the hook block is suspended in an operating position along a lifting axis on the crane rope, the crane hook is force-conductingly received on the base body at a hook position for receiving the load, and an operating weight of the hook block for stabilizing the crane rope in the operating position is variably adjustable by means of a reversibly fixable first additional weight on the hook block.wherein a retaining bolt is received in the base body along a retaining bolt axis arranged substantially orthogonally to the lifting axis and forms a first receiving device for force-conducting receipt of the first additional weight on the first receiving device by means of a retaining bore arranged in the first additional weight, with a first retaining length projecting substantially orthogonally to the base body on a first side of the base body,wherein a support bolt is received in the base body along a support bolt axis arranged substantially orthogonally to the lifting axis and, with a first support length projecting substantially orthogonally to the base body on a first side of the base body, forms a first support device for positioning and receiving the first additional weight on the first support device by means of a support bore arranged in the first additional weight. The invention further relates to an additional weight for such a hook block, a lifting gear for a crane with such a hook block, and a crane, in particular a mobile crane, with a crane structure.

[0002] There are several ways to add weight to a crane hook block using one or more additional weights. These weights are used to stabilize the hook block and, consequently, a lifting sling consisting of a hook block and a crane rope. This stabilization is particularly important to keep the crane rope taut and / or prevent a relatively rigid, high-strength crane rope from slipping off sheaves when lifting heavy loads using rope deflections. Furthermore, stabilization can be achieved by counteracting, for example, the natural frequency of the oscillating crane sling. It may also be necessary to add sufficient weight to the hook block to create a counterweight against the freely suspended crane rope, such as along a crane boom, enabling the hook block to lower against the weight of the rope.

[0003] It is known to attach additional weights to the side of a hook block using hooks or cams welded to the hook block. However, an additional securing device is required to prevent the weights from popping out of the hooks or cams, as their orientation only provides protection against this in the direction of gravity. Furthermore, such welded assemblies for crane operation are subject to stringent qualification requirements for the manufacturing personnel and subsequent quality control, for example, of the welds.

[0004] Alternatively, additional weights with attached cams are known, whereby the additional weights are laterally adapted to the base body of a hook block and inserted into recesses in the hook block using the corresponding cams. The cams protrude from the surface of the flat additional weights. The attachment is essentially perpendicular to the lifting axis. Here, too, additional securing is required, and a complex geometry of the additional weight is unavoidable, for example, by welding on the corresponding cams. This also results in increased testing and manufacturing effort.

[0005] US patent 2022 / 0220942 A1 discloses a method for handling wind turbines and a lifting system. In this system, additional weights are pushed onto several bolts on the crane hook block and fixed to the crane hook block by screwing them onto the bolts.

[0006] EP 2 388 227 A1 describes a crane hook with an arrangement for additional weights. A two-part, shell-like additional weight is placed around the crane hook and fixed with a bolt.

[0007] JP 2013-56744 A discloses a crane hook in which additional weights are attached laterally to a crane hook block. Retaining lugs on the additional weights are used for this purpose, which are hooked into projections on the crane hook block.

[0008] The purpose of the invention is to improve the state of the art.

[0009] The problem is solved by a hook block for a crane for lifting a load using a crane rope, comprising a base body and a crane hook, wherein the crane rope is force-conductingly received on the base body and the hook block is suspended in an operating position along a lifting axis on the crane rope, the crane hook is force-conductingly received on the base body at a hook position for receiving the load, and an operating weight of the hook block for stabilizing the crane rope in the operating position is variably adjustable by means of a first additional weight that can be reversibly fixed to the hook block.wherein a retaining bolt is received in the base body along a retaining bolt axis arranged substantially orthogonally to the lifting axis and forms a first receiving device for force-guiding receipt of the first additional weight on the first receiving device by means of a retaining bore arranged in the first additional weight, with a first support bolt being received in the base body along a support bolt axis arranged substantially orthogonally to the lifting axis and forming a first support device for positioning the first additional weight on the first support device by means of a support bore arranged in the first additional weight,wherein a lower holding dimension tolerance of the thickness of the holding bolt relative to the diameter of the respective holding bore, compared to a support dimension tolerance of the thickness of the support bolt relative to the diameter of the respective support bore in the operating position, ensures that the weight forces of the respective additional weight(s) are introduced into the holding bolt, wherein the support bolt is held essentially without force due to the larger support dimension tolerance compared to the holding dimension tolerance and the resulting avoidance of a force-fit connection.

[0010] A key concept of the invention is to use a retaining bolt in conjunction with a retaining bore to attach an additional weight, particularly laterally, to a hook block. Any bolt already present for the function of the hook block can be used as the retaining bolt, provided it has a projection extending beyond at least one side of the hook block. A support bolt is provided to secure the additional weight, for example, against unwanted rotation around the retaining bolt. The targeted tolerance of the retaining dimension relative to the support dimension tolerance—that is, the fit at the retaining bolt relative to the fit at the support bolt—is designed to subject the retaining bolt to the inertial forces of the additional weight, while the support bolt is kept free of inertial forces, or at least substantially free of them, particularly along the lifting axis.

[0011] The invention eliminates the need for welded assemblies, as a simple retaining bore in the additional weight, for example with a corresponding fit to the retaining bolt, is sufficient to securely attach the additional weight to the hook block. The retaining bolt, particularly one with a round cross-section, is also easy to design. The corresponding tolerance of the retaining dimension relative to the support dimension tolerance ensures a defined load distribution, especially with regard to direction and magnitude, in the retaining bolt and / or support bolt on the additional weight, for example, during transport of the hook block by a mobile crane. This takes into account that the position of the hook block is largely undefined during transport, while a defined position along the lifting axis is ensured, particularly during crane operation.For example, the support bolt can then bear corresponding forces at least partially during transport, while the support bolt is held load-free or at least essentially load-free, especially during crane operation.

[0012] In particular, to be able to determine the orientation of the first additional weight or of a respective additional weight and / or to prevent, for example, an unwanted movement of the additional weight around an axis of the retaining bore, the support bolt is received in the base body along a support bolt axis arranged essentially orthogonally to the lifting axis and, together with a first support length projecting essentially orthogonally to the base body on a first side of the base body, forms a first support device for positioning the first additional weight on the first support device by means of a support bore arranged in the first additional weight.

[0013] Such a support bolt, which can be designed analogously to the retaining bolt and in particular analogous to the aforementioned cross-sections of the retaining bolt, but which may have a different and in particular smaller diameter or reference diameter, is mounted along the support bolt axis and thus essentially parallel to the retaining bolt axis. In this context, it serves the purpose of supporting the additional weight, for example against swinging and / or twisting. Such a support bolt can also be formed, for example, by an existing bolt, such as a connecting bolt for a two-part hook block.

[0014] In particular, the support bolt can be designed analogously to the retaining bolt and accommodated in the base body, with the support bolt axis and the retaining bolt axis being spaced apart. In a specific embodiment, the support bolt axis can be arranged, in particular along the lifting axis, below the retaining bolt axis on the hook block, so that, for example, when the hook block is suspended in a straight line along the lifting axis, the support bolt axis is arranged below the retaining bolt axis and, in particular, essentially fulfills a positioning function.

[0015] In this context, it is important to note the respective operating conditions of a crane, particularly typical operating conditions for mobile cranes: During crane operation, i.e., lifting and lowering a load on the crane hook or assembling or disassembling the mobile crane with freely suspended lifting gear and crane rope, the retaining bolt is primarily responsible for absorbing the forces from the additional weight(s). For road transport, i.e., when the hook block is attached outside the lifting axis, for example, to a bumper of the mobile crane, the support bolt also absorbs a portion of the forces exerted by the additional weights, which are now mounted at an angle to the lifting axis. The specific force distribution is largely determined by the angle of the hook block.

[0016] According to the invention, a small tolerance in the thickness of the retaining bolt relative to the diameter of the respective retaining bore, compared to a tolerance in the thickness of the support bolt relative to the diameter of the respective support bore, ensures that the weight forces of the respective additional weight(s) are transferred into the retaining bolt in the operating position. The support bolt, due to the larger tolerance in the support bore compared to the thickness of the retaining bolt and the resulting avoidance of a force-fit connection, is held essentially without force. This applies particularly to round bolts and bores, where the dimensional tolerances are based on the respective diameter of the components.A significant factor is the appropriate difference between the holding dimension tolerance and the support dimension tolerance along the lifting axis. For example, designing the holding bore and / or the support bore as an elongated hole along the lifting axis can be used to relieve stress on the support bolt. For instance, the holding bore can be round and have tight tolerances relative to the holding bolt, while the support bore can be designed as an elongated hole with sufficient clearance relative to the support bolt along the lifting axis. This approach to tolerances is generally applicable if, for example, a polygonal or oval cross-section of the corresponding components is chosen, as described above. Similarly, the respective holding bolt or support bolt can be designed with a corresponding oval, polygonal, or other non-round cross-section to achieve the same effect.A circular or round bolt cross-section is particularly advantageous, as it ensures a defined load distribution regardless of the bolt's rotational position. This also makes the exact position of the hook block irrelevant during road transport, since the circular shape always provides a defined contact point for load transfer, irrespective of the hook block's angle to the gravitational axis.

[0017] By means of a corresponding tolerance, which can be adjusted to match the respective dimensions, it is ensured that the retaining bolt absorbs a large part of the corresponding weight forces or all weight forces of the additional weight in the operating position along the lifting axis.

[0018] The following terms are explained in this context: A "hook block" refers to a component attached to, or mounted on, a lower section of a crane rope. It supports a crane hook designed for lifting a load and connects it to the crane rope. In its simplest form, the hook block acts as a connecting element between the crane hook and the crane rope. Specifically, a hook block can have pulleys or sheaves around which the crane rope is deflected. The term "block" in the hook block, particularly when pulleys or sheaves are used, refers to the operating principle of a block and tackle system, with the corresponding attachment points or deflection points being called "blocks."In a simple design, however, such a hook block can also do without a deflection, so that a component or corresponding assembly that can be connected to the crane hook and the crane rope should also be referred to as a hook block, provided that this relates to the invention.

[0019] A "crane" is a technical device, either manually or electrically operated, designed and equipped specifically for lifting a load using a "crane cable," i.e., a usually flexible and at least partially pliable traction element. Such a crane is commonly known as a mobile crane mounted on a chassis, for example, one that is wheeled. However, stationary cranes and cranes mounted on tracked chassis are also known, which may likewise feature a corresponding hook block. Similarly, other cranes, such as those installed on seagoing vessels or offshore installations like drilling platforms, may also have such a hook block.Such cranes often have an internal combustion engine, a hydraulic motor or an electric motor to provide drive power for pulling the crane cable onto a drum or reel to lift the load.

[0020] In this context, the "base body" refers to the essential mechanically load-bearing structure of the hook block, which ensures, in particular, the transmission of lifting forces from the crane rope to the crane hook and from the crane hook to the crane rope. Such a base body can be a single piece or a multi-piece design. Hook blocks are known, in particular, where the base body consists of two plate-shaped bodies arranged essentially parallel to each other and connected by appropriate fasteners or connecting bolts. Such a two-part base body typically contains further functional components within its interior formed by the two plate-shaped bodies, for example, sheaves for the crane rope.Likewise, further arrangements for pulleys or other functional components can be arranged in or on such a basic body, especially a two-part one, for example so-called tackle blocks with or without a force-compensating rocker for, for example, multiple deflection of a crane rope for heavy load applications.

[0021] The crane cable is attached to the base body in a "force-conducting" manner, meaning that corresponding forces can be directed and transmitted from the crane cable to the base body. For example, the crane cable is bound, pressed into, deflected, or connected to the base body in a force-conducting manner using another type of connection, whereby a corresponding degree of freedom of movement of one or more degrees may be intentionally maintained, for example, to allow the hook block to swing freely on the crane cable.

[0022] In relation to the invention, the "operational position" refers to the essentially free suspension of the hook block from the crane rope, whereby a "lifting axis" is arranged, at least in the unloaded state, essentially parallel to and along a gravitational axis along the force of gravity. It should be noted that the "lifting axis" can also deviate from the gravitational axis due to transverse or lateral forces, induced by the load or, for example, by wind. The lifting axis specifically refers to the axis along which corresponding lifting forces are absorbed and transmitted, with the crane rope aligning itself essentially along the lifting axis, at least in the immediate vicinity of the hook block.In this context, it should be noted that the "load" refers specifically to an object or assembly that is picked up by the crane hook, for example, secured to the crane hook by additional fastening devices, and which is to be lifted and, for example, moved by means of the crane. Such a load could be, for example, a container, a component of a wind turbine, or a pallet of building materials.

[0023] The "hook position" in or on the base body refers in particular to the reference point or reference area in which forces are introduced into the base body by the crane hook. Such a hook position can, for example, denote an attachment point of the crane hook on or in the base body, or mutually symmetrical attachment points of the crane hook in a base body formed from two essentially parallel, plate-shaped base body parts.

[0024] It should be noted that the crane hook is also "force-conducting", i.e., designed to transmit corresponding lifting forces, and is attached to and connected with the base body.

[0025] The "operating weight" of a hook block refers to the weight of the hook block itself, without a load, on the crane rope. This includes the weight of the hook block, crane hook, and other components. The operating weight can be increased or adjusted to specific conditions using an "additional weight." For example, the weight of the hook block plus the additional weight can create a corresponding operating weight, which stabilizes the crane rope, such as when it is stretched around sheaves at the end of a crane boom. This stabilization is particularly useful for preventing the crane rope from slipping off, for example, a pulley at the end of the crane boom. Stabilization can also be achieved to counteract vibrations or other deviations from a desired operating scenario, such as adjusting to a current wind speed.

[0026] A "retaining bolt" is a bolt, particularly one with a round or substantially round cross-section, which is inserted into the base body along a retaining bolt axis, essentially perpendicular to the lifting axis, and thus penetrates the base body substantially transversely to the lifting axis. It should be noted that the retaining bolt can also have a different cross-section, such as an oval, rectangular, square, or polygonal shape. For example, a pentagonal, hexagonal, or octagonal cross-section can also be used, whereby a deviation from a round cross-section can, for example, provide positioning around an angle and / or prevent rotation. It should be noted that "essentially orthogonal" may deviate from mathematical perpendicularity if this is due to technical constraints or manufacturing tolerances.It should also be noted that the lifting axis need not be straight and need not be precisely determinable at all times during crane operation if the intended use necessitates such a condition, so that "essentially orthogonal" specifically refers to an alignment perpendicular to the hook block in relation to the lifting axis. It should be further noted that the retaining bolt can be formed, in particular, by a bolt already present on the hook block, for example, a connecting bolt for joining two essentially parallel side parts of a two-part base body.

[0027] A "first side" of the base body refers to a first outer surface of the base body, which is aligned in the direction of the retaining bolt axis. A "first retaining length" describes a projection of the retaining bolt, which protrudes outwards from the base body in this area and thus forms a receiving device that is essentially orthogonally projecting and, in particular, has a round cross-section, onto which the corresponding additional weight can be slid with a retaining bore.It should be noted that a corresponding bore, in particular the retaining bore, as well as a cross-section of the retaining bolt, are designed to be in particular round or substantially round or analogous and / or corresponding to one of the other above-described configurations of the respective cross-section of the retaining bolt or support bolt, for example having an oval, rectangular, square or polygonal cross-section, so that a specific orientation of the additional weight in particular with regard to the load-bearing capacity of the retaining bolt in a respective direction may initially be irrelevant.

[0028] A "holding tolerance" refers specifically to the geometric play between the retaining bolt and the retaining hole, while a "support tolerance" represents the corresponding technical play between the support bolt and the support hole. If the holding tolerance is set smaller or tighter than the support tolerance, material contact between the retaining bolt and the retaining hole is ensured, while contact between the support hole and the support bolt is avoided or reduced. If the hook block hangs freely along the lifting axis, this ensures that the support bolt, which may also be the crossbeam pin, is held free from forces and free from any restriction of movement.

[0029] In one embodiment, the retaining bolt and / or the support bolt(s) have a length which is greater than a width of the base body along the retaining bolt axis and / or along the support bolt axis, wherein the retaining bolt, with a second retaining length projecting substantially orthogonally to the base body on a second side of the base body, forms a second receiving device for force-guiding receipt of a second additional weight on the second receiving device by means of a retaining bore arranged in the second additional weight, and / or the support bolt(s), with a second support length projecting substantially orthogonally to the base body on the second side of the base body, forms a second support device by means of a support bore arranged in the second additional weight.

[0030] In such a design of the retaining bolt and / or the support bolt, which thus protrudes on both sides across the width of the base body at a corresponding point, corresponding receiving devices and / or support devices can be created on both sides of the hook block, also for several additional weights, on which, for example, different additional weights or identical additional weights can be arranged on both sides of the hook block, each on the retaining bolt(s) and / or support bolt(s).If, for example, the retaining bolt and / or the support bolt has a significantly longer length than the hook block, several additional weights can be arranged on both sides of the hook block. The corresponding retaining and support lengths can be dimensioned such that, in particular, an overhang remains beyond the required number of additional weights, and the additional weights can be secured to this overhang. It should be noted that, depending on the application, an asymmetrical arrangement of additional weights on both sides of the hook block can also be chosen.

[0031] In particular, the first holding length and / or the second holding length and / or the first support length and / or the second support length are designed corresponding to a respective thickness of a respective additional weight or corresponding to a thickness of respective additional weights, whereby the first additional weight, the second additional weight and / or a third additional weight, a fourth additional weight, a fifth additional weight or a further additional weight can be received and / or positioned on a respective support length of the support bolt at a respective holding bore and / or a respective support bore of the respective additional weight on the respective holding length of the holding bolt and / or are positioned on a respective support length of the support bolt on the first side and / or a second side.

[0032] In one embodiment, the retaining bolt and / or the support bolt is or are formed by a crane rope bolt and / or by a crossbeam pin, wherein the crane rope bolt is in particular a disc bolt for rotatably receiving a rope pulley or several rope pulleys for deflecting the crane rope and / or the crossbeam pin in particular has or forms a crossbeam for receiving the crane hook on the base body.

[0033] This allows for the production of a hook block with as few components as possible, whereby, for example, the crane rope bolt or a corresponding disc bolt can be used as a retaining bolt if it is designed with a projection beyond the base body of the hook block. Similarly, a crossbeam pin for the crane hook can have a corresponding excess length, so that the support bolt with appropriate support lengths is formed by the crossbeam pin, with components of the crossbeam pin extending beyond the base body of the hook block.

[0034] A "crane rope bolt" is, for example, a bolt inserted transversely through the hook block or an attachment point for the crane rope with bolt-like projections, to which the crane rope is directly attached. In this context, a "disc bolt" refers specifically to a bolt that serves as a sliding bearing or support element for a rolling bearing for corresponding "rope sheaves," i.e., deflection elements for the crane rope to create a pulley system. In this context, a "crossbeam pin" refers specifically to a component that has bolt-like projections and, in a crossbeam of the crossbeam pin, receives the crane hook, particularly in a pivotable manner, within the base of the hook block.

[0035] It should be mentioned that the disc bolt in particular can be designed as a retaining bolt, so that corresponding forces of the additional weights are transferred directly into corresponding rope pulleys, while the crossbeam pin in particular can be used as a support bolt and can be left essentially force-free when the hook block is aligned along the lifting axis, in order to allow and enable, for example, free swinging of the crossbeam and the crane hook in the base body to avoid transverse forces or bending forces on the crane hook.

[0036] To secure the additional weights to the hook block, the retaining bolt and / or the support bolt has a locking element receptacle for a locking element along the respective holding length and / or support length, in particular a cotter pin hole for a cotter pin and / or for a spring pin, a transverse bore for a transverse bolt and / or a thread for a threaded nut. Alternatively, the retaining bolt and / or the support bolt may have a respective cut, groove, and / or notch, such that an additional weight equipped with a correspondingly shaped projection is positively engaged in this cut, groove, and / or notch by its own weight and secured against axial movement on the retaining bolt and / or the support bolt.An inverse design is also possible, featuring one or more projections on the respective retaining bolt and / or support bolt, and corresponding cuts, grooves, or notches on the respective additional weight. This latter inverse alternative can prevent harmful cross-sectional narrowing and / or notch effects on the retaining bolt or support bolt. Similarly, a locking element that can be released with a tool, such as a spring-loaded cam or a comparable device, can be used to prevent the respective additional weight from slipping or sliding, particularly laterally, off the hook block. Other positive-locking, force-locking, or friction-locking devices can also be used. For example, screw connections, securing with tension straps, or using a safety band can be employed.It should be noted that the respective releasable locking element may, in its respective design, also be attached to the base body and / or act between the base body and the respective additional weight or between the base body and the respective external additional weight.

[0037] If, for example, the hook block is attached to a mounting point on the bumper of a mobile crane and hangs at an angle to the direction of gravity—for instance, when a mobile crane equipped with the hook block is to be moved along a road—the additional weight rests on the support bolt if the hook block is mounted outside the lifting axis. A suitable tolerance can then be selected to ensure the fatigue strength of the respective connection, particularly under the forces occurring during road transport. In operation, the force transmission is then primarily handled by the mounting bolt, and in the direction of the lifting axis, primarily solely by the mounting bolt.

[0038] In a further aspect, the problem is solved by an additional weight for a hook block according to one of the previously described embodiments, wherein a retaining bore for applying the additional weight to the retaining bolt and, in particular, a support bore for applying it to the support bolt are provided, wherein, in particular, a respective smaller retaining dimension tolerance of a thickness of the retaining bolt relative to a diameter of the respective retaining bore compared to a support dimension tolerance of a thickness of the support bolt relative to a diameter of the respective support bore ensures that, in the operating position, the weight forces of the respective additional weight or weights are introduced into the retaining bolt, wherein the support bolt, in particular the crossbar pin, is held essentially force-free by the larger support dimension tolerance compared to the retaining dimension tolerance and the resulting avoidance of a force transmission.

[0039] In another aspect, the problem is solved by a lifting device for a crane with a hook block according to one of the previously described embodiments and / or an additional weight according to the previously described design or several additional weights according to the previously described design.

[0040] In another aspect, the task is solved by a crane, in particular a mobile crane, with a crane structure, a crane rope and a hook block according to one of the previously described configurations, an additional weight or several additional weights according to the previously described configurations and / or a lifting gear according to the previously described configurations.

[0041] The invention will now be explained in more detail using exemplary embodiments. These will show... Figure 1 is a schematic isometric representation of a hook block with a crane hook; Figure 2 is a schematic isometric representation of an additional weight for the hook block. Figure 1 , Figure 2-legged tolerance sketch for the additional weight of the Figure 2a in conjunction with the hook bottle of the Figure 1 Figure 3a a schematic isometric representation of a hook block with pulleys and a crane hook, Figure 3b the hook block of the Figure 3a In a frontal view, Figure 4 shows a schematic isometric representation of a crossbar pin of the hook bottle. Figures 3a and 3b , as well as Figure 5, a schematic isometric representation of a disc bolt of the hook bottle of the Figures 3a and 3b .

[0042] A hook block 101 is formed from a flat side part 103 and a parallel flat side part 105, which together form the basic body of the hook block 101. An interior space 107 is arranged between the side part 103 and the side part 105. In an upper area, a retaining bolt 121 is passed through both side parts 103 and 105 at a bolt position 161, thus creating an attachment point for a crane rope (crane rope not shown). The retaining bolt runs along a retaining bolt axis 183. A lifting axis 181 indicates the direction along which the crane rope supports the hook block 101 in a freely swinging manner, i.e., the subsequent lifting direction. The retaining bolt axis 183 is arranged orthogonally to the lifting axis 181.

[0043] The retaining bolt 121 is designed to be longer than the width of the hook bottle 101 across the side parts 103 and 105, so that respective retaining lengths 131 protrude on both sides of the hook bottle 101.

[0044] With respect to the lifting axis 181 below the retaining bolt 121, a crossbeam pin 123 is guided through the side parts 103 and 105 by corresponding bores, the crossbeam pin 123 supporting a crane hook 125 in the lower part of the hook block 101. It should be noted that the crossbeam pin 123 is rotatably mounted in the side parts 103 and 105, so that the crane hook 125 can swing freely within the hook block 101 when appropriate forces are applied, for example, by a load (load not shown).

[0045] The traverse pin 123 is also longer than the width of the hook block 101 over the side parts 103 and 105, so that corresponding support lengths 141 at a hook position 163 extend beyond the hook block 101.

[0046] With the holding lengths 131 and the support lengths 141, a receptacle for an additional weight 201 is formed.

[0047] The additional weight 201 is essentially formed from a flat steel plate and has a retaining bore 203 in an upper area and a support bore 205 in the lower area, wherein the distance of the retaining bore 203 to the support bore 205 corresponds to the distance of the retaining bolt 121 to the crossbar pin 123 inside the hook block 101.

[0048] The retaining bore 203 has an inner diameter of 221, while the retaining bolt 121 has an outer diameter of 222. Similarly, the support bore 205 has an inner diameter of 223, while the cross member 123 has an outer diameter of 224 in the area of ​​the support length 141. The combination of the retaining bore 203 and the inner diameter 221 is tightly toleranced with respect to the outer diameter 222 of the retaining length 131, so that the force transmission of the weight of the additional weight 201 occurs via the retaining length 131 of the retaining bolt 121.

[0049] In contrast, a corresponding combination of the inner diameter 223 of the support bore 205 and the outer diameter 224 of the support length 141 of the crossbeam pin 123 has a comparably wide tolerance, so that when the retaining bore 203 is in contact with the retaining length 131, contact and force transmission between the support bore 205 and the support length 141 of the crossbeam pin 123 are avoided. Alternatively, the support bore 205 can also be designed as an elongated hole aligned along the lifting axis 181 to achieve the same technical effect. If the weight of the hook block 101 is now weighted on one side or both sides, for example to straighten a crane rope with additional weights 201, the weight of the additional weights 201 is guided directly into the crane rope via the retaining bolt 121, whereby the crossbeam pin 123 fulfills a supporting function and effectively prevents the respective additional weight 201 from swinging around the retaining bolt 121.It should be noted that, for example, a cotter pin connection or a screwed-on nut (both not shown) can prevent the additional weights 201 from slipping sideways, although a corresponding fixing can also be chosen differently, in particular according to the embodiments of the invention explained.

[0050] A more elaborately designed, alternative hook block 301, comprising a side part 303 and a parallel side part 305, forms an interior space 307. The side parts 303 and 305 are connected parallel to each other and fixed against each other by means of connecting bolts 351, 353, and 355. A rope connection 309 is located in an upper area between the side parts 303 and 305, and a crane rope (not shown) can be attached to a bore 310. A lifting axis 381, analogous to the previously mentioned lifting axis 181, serves as the reference axis for the lifting operation with the hook block 301.

[0051] Below the rope connection 309, rope pulleys 311, 315 and 317 are rotatably mounted on a disc bolt 501, which is guided transversely along a retaining axis 383 through the side parts 303 and 305. The crane rope, attached to the bore 310, can then be deflected several times via a front roller block on a crane arm (not shown) and guided back over the rope pulleys 311, 315 and 317, so that the hook block 310 can be lifted according to the principle of a block and tackle.

[0052] The rope pulleys 311, 315 and 317 are protected against slippage of the crane rope by separating devices 341.

[0053] Below the pulleys and below the pulley bolt 501, a crossbeam pin 401 extends through the side plates 303 and 305, the crossbeam pin 401 supporting a crane hook 321. The crane hook 321 is secured and fixed in a bore 404 of a receiving piece 403 of the crossbeam pin 401 by a locking nut 323. The crane hook 321 has two hook arms 325 with a corresponding jaw lock 327. The number of hook arms may vary depending on the design of the crane hook, and crane hooks without jaw locks may also be used depending on the application. A load can thus be suspended from one of the hook arms 325 of the crane hook 321 and then lifted with the crane rope.

[0054] The crossbeam pin 401 has, laterally adjacent to the receiving piece 403, respective shoulders 405 and 407, which fit precisely within the side parts 303 and 305, allowing the crossbeam pin 401 to swing freely within the hook block 301 with the crane hook 321. Outside the shoulders 405 and 407, support pins 409 and 411, with reduced diameters, are arranged on the crossbeam pin 401 such that they project laterally beyond the hook block 301 and, analogous to the example described above, provide receptacles for corresponding additional weights. It should be noted that, alternatively, the crossbeam pin can also be designed without shoulders, i.e., with a continuous diameter.

[0055] The corresponding tolerances of the support pins 409 and 411 to corresponding bores 331, 332, 333, 334, 335 and 336 are carried out analogously to the previous example of the support length 141 to the support bore 205.

[0056] The shear bolt 501 has a central section 503, which serves as a mechanical receptacle for the pulleys 311, 315, and 317. Beyond this, shoulders 505 and 507 are provided for fitting the shear bolt 501 into the side sections 303 and 305. Further out, the shear bolt 501 forms the retaining pin 509 and 511, which, in relation to corresponding bores in the aforementioned additional weights 331, 332, 333, 334, 335, and 336, is designed analogously to the fitting system of the retaining length 331 to the retaining bore 203. It should be noted that the shear bolt 501 can alternatively be manufactured with a continuous diameter or with a different number and configuration of shoulders. For the hook block 301, corresponding additional weights are thus mechanically force-bearing mounted on the disc bolt 501, while the support pins 409 and 411 of the crossbar pin 401 are tolerated as a positioning aid and to prevent the additional weights from swinging.

[0057] If the hook block is now, for example, suspended in a receptacle of a bumper of a mobile crane and is no longer arranged along the lifting axis 381, the weight of the additional weights is supported proportionally by the disc bolt 501 and the crossbeam pin 401, whereby the round design of the respective pins and bolts enables direction-independent transmission of the forces without having to make specific force assumptions. Reference symbol list

[0058] 101 Hook block 103 Side panel 105 Side panel 107 Interior 111 Side 115 Side 121 Retaining bolt 123 Crossbeam pin 125 Crane hook 131 Holding length 141 Support length 161 Retaining bolt position 163 Hook position 181 Lifting axis 183 Retaining bolt axis 185 Support axis 201 Additional weight 203 Holding hole 205 Support hole 221 Inner diameter 222 Outer diameter 223 Inner diameter 224 Outer diameter 301 Hook block 303 Side panel 305 Side panel 307 Interior 309 Rope connection 310 Hole 311 Pulley 315 Pulley 317 Pulley 321 Crane hook 323 Locking nut 325 Hook horn 327 Jaw lock 331 Additional weight 332 Additional weight 333 Additional weight 334 Additional weight 335 Additional weight 336 Additional weight 341 Separation 351 Connecting bolt 353 Connecting bolt 355 Connecting bolt 381 Lifting axle 383 Retaining axle 385 Support axle 401 Cross member pin 403 Mounting piece 404 Bore 405 Shoulder 407 Shoulder 409 Support pin 411 Support pin 501 Disc bolt 503 Center piece 505 Shoulder 507 Shoulder 509 Retaining pin 511 Retaining pin

Claims

1. Hook block (101, 301) for a crane for lifting a load by means of a crane rope, comprising a base body (103, 105, 303, 305) and a crane hook (125, 321), wherein the crane rope is forcefully received on the base body (103, 105, 303, 305) and the hook block is suspended on the crane rope in an operating position along a lifting axis (181, 381), the crane hook (125, 321) is forcefully received at a hook position (163) on the base body (103, 105, 303, 305) for receiving the load, and an operating weight of the hook block for stabilizing the crane rope in the operating position is variably adjustable by means of a first additional weight (201, 331) that can be reversibly fixed to the hook block, wherein a retaining bolt (121, 501) is received along a retaining bolt axis (183, 383) arranged substantially orthogonally to the lifting axis in the base body (103, 105, 303, 305) and is connected to a first side (111) of the base body (103, 105, 303,305) a first holding length (131, 509) projecting substantially orthogonally to the base body (103, 105, 303, 305) forms a first receiving device for force-conducting receiving of the first additional weight (201) on the first receiving device by means of a holding bore (203) arranged in the first additional weight (201, 331), wherein a support bolt (141, 401) is received along a support bolt axis (185, 385) arranged substantially orthogonally to the lifting axis (181, 381) in the base body (103, 105, 303, 305) and with a first support length projecting substantially orthogonally to the base body (103, 105, 303, 305) on a first side of the base body (103, 105, 303, 305). (141, 409) forms a first support device for positioning the first additional weight (201, 331) on the first support device by means of a support bore (205) arranged in the first additional weight (201, 331), , characterized by the fact thatby a respective lower holding dimension tolerance (221, 222) of a thickness (222) of the retaining bolt (121, 501) relative to a diameter (221) of the respective retaining bore (203) compared to a support dimension tolerance (223, 224) of a thickness (224) of the support bolt (141, 401) relative to a diameter (223) of the respective support bore (205) in the operating position, the introduction of the weight forces of the respective additional weight (201, 331, 332, 333, 334, 335, 336) or the respective additional weights (201, 331, 332, 333, 334, 335, 336) into the retaining bolt (121, 501) is ensured by a respective lower holding dimension tolerance (221, 222) of a thickness (222) of the retaining bolt (121, 501) relative to a diameter (221) of the respective retaining bore (203) compared to a support dimension tolerance (223, 224) of a thickness (224) of the support bolt (141, 401) relative to a diameter (223) of the respective support bore (205) in the operating position (221, 222) larger support dimension tolerance (223, 224) and a force-fit avoided thereby, in particular, is kept essentially force-free.

2. Hook bottle according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by the fact thatthe retaining bolt (121, 501) and / or the support bolt (141, 401) has a length and / or length which is greater than a width of the base body (103, 105, 303, 305) along the retaining bolt axis (183, 383) and / or along the support bolt axis (185, 385), wherein the retaining bolt (121, 501) has a second retaining length (131, 511) projecting substantially orthogonally to the base body (103, 105, 303, 305) on a second side (115) of the base body (103, 105, 303, 305) for the force-conducting reception of a second additional weight (201, 332) on the second receiving device by means of a arranged retaining bore (203) and / or the support bolts (141, 401) with a second support length (141) projecting on the second side (115) of the base body (103, 105, 303, 305) essentially orthogonally to the base body (103, 105, 303, 305).411) forms or forms a second support device by means of a support bore (205) arranged in the second additional weight (201, 332).

3. Hook bottle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact thatthe first holding length (131, 509) and / or the second holding length (131, 511) and / or the first support length (141, 409) and / or the second support length (141, 411) corresponding to a respective thickness of a respective additional weight (201, 331, 332, 333, 334, 335, 336) or corresponding to a thickness of respective additional weights (201, 331, 332, 333, 334, 335, 336) is or are formed, whereby on the first side (111) and / or on the second side (115) the first additional weight (201, 331), the second additional weight (201, 332) and / or a third additional weight (201, 333), a fourth additional weight (201, 334), a fifth additional weight (201, 335) or a further additional weight (336) can be accommodated at a respective retaining bore (203) and / or at a respective support bore (205) in the respective additional weight (201, 331, 332, 333, 334, 335, 336) on the respective retaining length (131, 509, 511) of the retaining bolt (121, 501) and / or on the respective support length (141, 409,411) of the support bolt (141, 401) is or are positionable.

4. Hook bottle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the retaining bolt (121, 501) and / or the support bolt (141, 401) is or are formed by a crane rope bolt (121, 501) and / or by a crossbeam pin (401), wherein the crane rope bolt (121, 501) is in particular a disc bolt (501) for rotatably receiving a rope pulley (311) or several rope pulleys (311, 315, 317) for deflecting the crane rope and / or the crossbeam pin (401) has or forms in particular a crossbeam (403) for receiving the crane hook (121, 321) in the base body (103, 105, 303, 305).

5. Hook bottle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact thatthe retaining bolt (121, 501) and / or the support bolt (141, 401) has a retaining element receptacle for a retaining element, in particular a cotter pin hole for a cotter pin and / or for a spring pin, a transverse bore for a transverse bolt and / or a thread for a threaded nut, on the respective retaining length (131, 509, 511) and / or on the respective support length (141, 409, 411).

6. Additional weight (201, 331, 332, 333, 334, 335, 336) for a hook bottle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized bya retaining bore (203) for applying the additional weight to the retaining bolt (121, 501) and a support bore (205) for applying it to the support bolt (141, 401), wherein, in particular, a respective smaller retaining tolerance (221, 222) of a thickness (222) of the retaining bolt (121, 501) relative to a diameter (221) of the respective retaining bore (203) compared to a support tolerance (223, 224) of a thickness (224) of the support bolt (141, 401) relative to a diameter (223) of the respective support bore (205) in the operating position allows the introduction of the weight forces of the respective additional weight (201, 331, 332, 333, 334, 335, 336) or the respective additional weights (201, 331, 332, 333, 334, 335, 336) in the retaining bolts (121, 501), wherein the support bolt (123, 401) is held essentially without force by the support dimension tolerance (223, 224) which is larger than the retaining dimension tolerance and thus avoids a force transmission.

7. Lifting gear for a crane with a hook block (101, 301) according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 5 and / or an additional weight (201, 331, 332, 333, 334, 335, 336) or several additional weights (201, 331, 332, 333, 334, 335, 336) according to claim 6.

8. Crane, in particular mobile crane, comprising a crane structure, a crane rope and a hook block (101, 301) according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 5, an additional weight (201, 331, 332, 333, 334, 335, 336) or several additional weights (201, 331, 332, 333, 334, 335, 336) according to claim 6 and / or a lifting gear according to claim 7.

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