Flame and laser resistant composites
Patent Information
- Application Number
- EP2024742166
- Authority / Receiving Office
- EP · EP
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-06-13
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-11
AI Technical Summary
Existing medical drapes are not adequately flame and laser resistant, posing risks from high-powered surgical lasers and potential ignition sources in the operating room.
A composite material comprising a hydrophilic nonwoven material with flame retardant additives and a hydrophobic non-breathable film with flame retardant additives, bonded together with a polyurethane reactive adhesive, providing a multilayer structure for enhanced protection.
The composite material effectively protects against flames and laser emissions, preventing contamination and ensuring patient and medical device safety while maintaining absorbent properties.
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Figure CN2024098961_18122025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
FLAME AND LASER RESISTANT COMPOSITESTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] Embodiments of the presently-disclosed invention relate generally flame retardant and / or laser-resistant composites suitable for use as a medical drape (e.g., surgical drape) , in which the composite includes a nonwoven material adhesively bonded to a film (e.g., liquid and / or vapor barrier film) . The nonwoven material may be hydrophilic and include one or more flame retardant additives. The film may be hydrophobic and also include one or more flame retardant additives.BACKGROUND
[0002] Absorbent materials are typically positioned around the fenestration area (e.g., a window through which a surgical procedure may be performed) in a surgical drape. The absorbent material is located around the fenestration area to capture a limited amount of fluid generated during a surgical intervention. These fluids can include body fluids (e.g., blood) and / or fluids used by the surgical team in the performance of their work.
[0003] Various high-powered lasers are now being widely used in medical therapy and surgical techniques. Example high-powered lasers include Er: YAG lasers that operate at wavelength of 2.9x103 nanometers, diode lasers that operate at wavelength at 630 nanometers, CO2 lasers that operate at wavelength of 1.06x103 nanometers, argon lasers that operate at wavelength of 350 nanometers. Use of such lasers may introduce a variety of risks including ignition, flammability, melting, penetration, thermal transfer and reflectivity of a surgical drape or other material. Meanwhile, there are many potential ignition devices present in the operating room (e.g. fiber optic illumination systems, electrosurgical units, hot wire cauteries) .
[0004] Accordingly, there remains a need in the art for materials that may be suitable as a medical drape or clothing that is laser and / or flame resistant.SUMMARY OF INVENTION
[0005] One or more embodiments of the invention may address one or more of the aforementioned problems. Certain embodiments according to the invention provide a composite including the following: (i) a first nonwoven material comprising a first plurality of continuous spunbond fibers, wherein the first nonwoven material is hydrophilic and includes one or more first flame retardant additives; (ii) a non-breathable film (NBF) comprising a polyolefin, wherein the NBF is hydrophobic and includes one or more NBF-flame retardant additives; and (iii) an adhesive layer located directly or indirectly between the first nonwoven material and the NBF, wherein the adhesive layer comprises a polyurethane reactive adhesive.
[0006] In another aspect, the present invention provides a method of forming a composite, such as those described and disclosed herein. The method may comprise the following steps: (i) providing or forming a first nonwoven material comprising a first plurality of continuous spunbond fibers, wherein the first nonwoven material is hydrophilic and includes one or more first flame retardant additives; (ii) providing or forming a non-breathable film (NBF) comprising a polyolefin, wherein the NBF is hydrophobic and includes one or more NBF-flame retardant additives; and (iii) bonding the first nonwoven material and the NBF together via an adhesive layer located directly or indirectly between the first nonwoven material and the NBF, wherein the adhesive layer comprises a polyurethane reactive adhesive to provide a composite.
[0007] In another aspect, the present invention provides an article comprising a medical drape (e.g., surgical drape) including one or more composites, such as those described and disclosed herein. In accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, the medical drape comprises a major component comprising a first composite, and a minor component comprising a second composite, wherein the first composite is different than the second composite. The major component and the minor component may be bonded together, and the minor component may encircle a fenestration site (e.g., through-hole or window enabling access to a surgical or working location associated with a patient) .
[0008] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING (S)
[0009] The invention now will be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which some, but not all embodiments of the invention are shown. Indeed, this invention may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will satisfy applicable legal requirements. Like numbers refer to like elements throughout, and wherein:
[0010] Figure 1 illustrates a composite in accordance with certain embodiments of the invention;
[0011] Figure 2 illustrates another composite in accordance with certain embodiments of the invention; and
[0012] Figure 3 illustrates an article, such as a medical drape, including a major component comprising a first composite and a minor component comprising a second composite in accordance with certain embodiments of the invention.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0013] The invention now will be described more fully hereinafter. Indeed, this invention may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will satisfy applicable legal requirements. As used in the specification, and in the appended claims, the singular forms “a” , “an” , “the” , include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
[0014] The presently-disclosed invention relates generally to flame and laser resistant composites suitable for use in a variety of medical applications, such as a surgical or medical drape, and may provide superior absorbent properties. In accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, for example, the composite may include a low linting fabric and non-breathable film (NBF) . The composite (e.g., drape) may be constructed with a plurality of individual layers of plies of material (e.g., 2-ply, 3-ply or more layers) . The bonding between each layer, in accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, may be obtained via adhesion by a hot melt adhesive, ultrasonic, thermal bonding and other methods. The nonwoven material (e.g., nonwoven fabric) may be provided as an outer layer and treated with hydrophilic surfactant, in which the nonwoven material includes one or more flame retardant additives or chemicals. The composite, as such, may provide effective fluid absorption and prevent potential contamination by items such as blood and alcohol-borne pathogens from coming in contact with the surgical staff or patient. The NBF may be provided as a bottom layer comprising one or more flame retardant additives or chemicals, in which the NBF may be impermeable to moisture (e.g., liquid and / or vapor moisture) and bacteria. By providing flame retardant additives in both layers (e.g., the nonwoven material and the NBF) may desirably protect patients and medical devices against harm from direct fire or surgical laser emission (e.g., from a CO2 laser, etc. ) .
[0015] The terms “nonwoven” and “nonwoven web” , as used herein, may comprise a web having a structure of individual fibers, fibers, and / or threads that are interlaid but not in an identifiable repeating manner as in a knitted or woven fabric. Nonwoven webs, according to certain embodiments of the invention, may be formed by any process conventionally known in the art such as, for example, meltblowing processes, spunbonding processes, air-laid, and carded web processes. A “nonwoven web” , as used herein, may comprise a plurality of individual fibers that have not been subjected to a consolidating process. In certain instances, the “nonwoven web” may comprises a plurality of layers, such as one or more spunbond layers and / or one or more meltblown layers. For instance, a “nonwoven web” may comprises a spunbond-meltblown-spunbond structure.
[0016] The terms “fabric” and “nonwoven fabric” , as used herein, may comprise a web of fibers in which a plurality of the fibers are mechanically entangled or interconnected, fused together, and / or chemically bonded together. For example, a nonwoven web of individually laid fibers may be subjected to a bonding or consolidation process to bond at least a portion of the individually fibers together to form a coherent (e.g., united) web of interconnected fibers.
[0017] The term “consolidated” and “consolidation” , as used herein, may comprise the bringing together of at least a portion of the fibers of a nonwoven web into closer proximity or attachment there-between (e.g., thermally fused together, chemically bonded together, and / or mechanically entangled together) to form a bonding site, or bonding sites, which function to increase the resistance to external forces (e.g., abrasion and tensile forces) , as compared to the unconsolidated web. The bonding site or bonding sites, for example, may comprise a discrete or localized region of the web material that has been softened or melted and optionally subsequently or simultaneously compressed to form a discrete or localized deformation in the web material. Furthermore, the term “consolidated” may comprise an entire nonwoven web that has been processed such that at least a portion of the fibers are brought into closer proximity or attachment there-between (e.g., thermally fused together, chemically bonded together, and / or mechanically entangled together) , such as by thermal bonding or mechanical entanglement (e.g., hydroentanglement) as merely a few examples. Furthermore, the term “consolidated” and “consolidation” may comprise the bonding by means of a through-air-bonding operation. The term “through-air bonded” and “though-air-bonding” , as used herein, may comprise a nonwoven web consolidated by a bonding process in which hot air is used to fuse the fibers at the surface of the web and optionally internally within the web. By way of example only, hot air can either be blown through the web in a conveyorized oven or sucked through the web as it passes over a porous drum as a vacuum is developed. The temperature of and the rate of hot air are parameters that may determine the level or the extent of bonding in nonwoven web. In accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, the temperature of the hot air may be high enough to melt, induce flowing, and / or fuse the a plurality of fibers having a lower melting point temperature or onset of lower melting point temperature (e.g., amorphous fibers) to a plurality of fibers having a higher melting point temperature or onset of lower melting point temperature (e.g., semi-crystalline or crystalline fibers) . Such a web may be considered a “consolidated nonwoven” , “nonwoven fabric” or simply as a “fabric” according to certain embodiments of the invention.
[0018] The terms “polymer” or “polymeric” , as used interchangeably herein, may comprise homopolymers, copolymers, such as, for example, block, graft, random, and alternating copolymers, terpolymers, etc., and blends and modifications thereof. Furthermore, unless otherwise specifically limited, the term “polymer” or “polymeric” shall include all possible structural isomers; stereoisomers including, without limitation, geometric isomers, optical isomers or enantionmers; and / or any chiral molecular configuration of such polymer or polymeric material. These configurations include, but are not limited to, isotactic, syndiotactic, and atactic configurations of such polymer or polymeric material. The term “polymer” or “polymeric” shall also include polymers made from various catalyst systems including, without limitation, the Ziegler-Natta catalyst system and the metallocene / single-site catalyst system. The term “polymer” or “polymeric” shall also include, in according to certain embodiments of the invention, polymers produced by fermentation process or biosourced (e.g., polylactic acid, etc. ) .
[0019] The term “spunbond” , as used herein, may comprise fibers which are formed by extruding molten thermoplastic material as filaments from a plurality of fine, usually circular, capillaries of a spinneret with the diameter of the extruded filaments then being rapidly reduced. According to an embodiment of the invention, spunbond fibers are generally not tacky when they are deposited onto a collecting surface and may be generally continuous as disclosed and described herein. It is noted that the spunbond used in certain composites of the invention may include a nonwoven described in the literature as Spunbond fibers, for example, comprise continuous fibers.
[0020] As used herein, the term “continuous fibers” refers to fibers which are not cut from their original length prior to being formed into a nonwoven web or nonwoven fabric. Continuous fibers may have average lengths ranging from greater than about 15 centimeters to more than one meter, and up to the length of the web or fabric being formed. For example, a continuous fiber, as used herein, may comprise a fiber in which the length of the fiber is at least 1,000 times larger than the average diameter of the fiber, such as the length of the fiber being at least about 5,000, 10,000, 50,000, or 100,000 times larger than the average diameter of the fiber.
[0021] The term “meltblown” , as used herein, may comprise fibers formed by extruding a molten thermoplastic material through a plurality of fine die capillaries as molten threads or filaments into converging high velocity, usually hot, gas (e.g. air) streams which attenuate the filaments of molten thermoplastic material to reduce their diameter, which may be to microfiber diameter, according to certain embodiments of the invention. According to an embodiment of the invention, the die capillaries may be circular. Thereafter, the meltblown fibers are carried by the high velocity gas stream and are deposited on a collecting surface to form a web of randomly disbursed meltblown fibers. Meltblown fibers may comprise microfibers which may be continuous or discontinuous and are generally tacky when deposited onto a collecting surface. Meltblown fibers, however, are shorter in length than those of spunbond fibers.
[0022] The term “machine direction” or “MD” , as used herein, comprises the direction in which the fabric produced or conveyed. The term “cross-direction” or “CD” , as used herein, comprises the direction of the fabric substantially perpendicular to the MD.
[0023] The term “layer” , as used herein, may comprise a generally recognizable combination of similar material types and / or functions existing in the X-Y plane.
[0024] The term “flame retardant” , as used herein, may comprise a diverse group of chemicals that may be added to polymeric melts forming nonwoven fibers and films, in which the flame retardant may be dispersed throughout the body of the resulting fiber and / or films. They may also be applied typically to nonwoven materials and / or films as a surface finish or coatings. Flame retardants may be activated by the presence of an ignition source and prevent or slow the further development of flames by a variety of different physical and chemical mechanisms including, for example, endothermic degradation, thermal shielding (solid phase) , dilution of gas phase, and gas phase radical quenching.
[0025] Certain embodiments according to the invention provide a composite including the following: (i) a first nonwoven material comprising a first plurality of continuous spunbond fibers, wherein the first nonwoven material is hydrophilic and includes one or more first flame retardant additives; (ii) a non-breathable film (NBF) comprising a polyolefin, wherein the NBF is hydrophobic and includes one or more NBF-flame retardant additives; and (iii) an adhesive layer located directly or indirectly between the first nonwoven material and the NBF, wherein the adhesive layer comprises a polyurethane reactive adhesive.
[0026] In accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, the first nonwoven material comprises at least one spunbond layer, at least one meltblown layer, at least one carded layer, at least one hydroentangled layer, at least one through-air-bonded nonwoven layer, at least one regenerated-cellulose layer, or any combinations thereof. For example, the first nonwoven material may comprise a nonwoven fabric in which a plurality of similar or different types of individual nonwoven layers are bonded together. The consolidation means for bonding the individual layers together may not be particularly limited, and may include thermal bonding (e.g., thermal calender bonding) and / or ultrasonic bonding. By way of example only, the first nonwoven material may comprise a plurality of individual spunbond layers bonded together, such as 2, 3, 4, or 5 individual spunbond layers, bonded together, such as by thermal bonds or ultrasonic bonds, to define a first multilayer nonwoven fabric. By way of further example only, the first nonwoven material may comprise a spunbond-meltblown-spunbond (SMS) structure, such as SxMySz where ‘x’ represents the number of spunbond layers and may be 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5; ‘y’ represents the number of meltblown layers and may be from 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8; and ‘z’ represents the number of spunbond layers and may be 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5.
[0027] In accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, the first plurality of continuous spunbond fibers may define one or more outer spunbond layers, and wherein the first nonwoven material further comprises one or more meltblown layers, and one our more interior spunbond layers. The one or more meltblown layers may be located between the one or more outer spunbond layers and the one or more interior spunbond layers, in which the one or more outer spunbond layerd, one or more interior meltblown layers, and one our more interior spunbond layer are bonded together, such as by thermal bonds or ultrasonic bonds, to define a first multilayer nonwoven fabric.
[0028] The composite, in accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, all individual layers of the first nonwoven material (e.g., a first multilayer nonwoven fabric) are hydrophilic and include the one or more flame retardant additives. In this regard, each individual layers may include the same or different flame retardant additive (s) and / or the same or different weight percentage of the flame retardant additive (s) . For example only, the outermost individual nonwoven layer (or outermost 2 or 3 individual nonwoven layers) may include a larger amount (e.g., weight percentage) of the one or more flame retardant additives relative to individual nonwoven layers more proximately located to the NBF.
[0029] In accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, the first nonwoven material may include one or more meltblown layers including a plurality of meltblown fibers having an average diameter from about 1 to about 8 microns, such as at least about any of the following: 1, 2, 3, and 4 microns, and / or at most about any of the following: 8., 7, 6, 5, and 4 microns. Additionally or alternatively, the first nonwoven material may include one or more outer spunbond layers and one or more interior spunbond layers, in which the one or more outer spunbond layers and the one or more interior spunbond layers independently from each other have an average diameter from about 12 to about 30 microns, such as at least about any of the following: 12, 15, 18, and 20 microns, and / or at most about any of the following: 30, 28, 25, 22, and 20 microns.
[0030] In accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, the first nonwoven material may include one or more meltblown layers, and the the one or more meltblown layers comprises from about 20 to about 80%by weight of the first nonwoven material, such as at least about any of the following: 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, and 50%by weight of the first nonwoven material, and / or at most about any of the following: 80, 75, 70, 65, 60, 55, and 50% by weight of the first nonwoven material. Additionally or alternatively, the first nonwoven material may include one or more interior spunbond layers, and the one or more interior spunbond layers comprises from about 5 to about 20%by weight of the first nonwoven material, such as at least about any of the following: 5, 8, 10, and 12%by weight of the first nonwoven material, and / or at most about any of the following: 20, 18, 15, and 12% by weight of the first nonwoven material. Additionally or alternatively, the first nonwoven material may include one or more outer spunbond layers, and the one or more outer spunbond layers comprise from about 10 to about 50%by weight of the first nonwoven material, such as at least about any of the following: 10, 12, 15, 18, 20, 22, and 25%by weight of the first nonwoven material, and / or at most about any of the following: 50, 48, 45, 42, 40, 38, 35, 32, 30, 28, and 25% by weight of the first nonwoven material. The adhesive layer, in accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, may be located adjacent and in contact with the one or more interior spunbond layers.
[0031] In accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, the one or more meltblown layers may include a plurality of regenerated cellulose fibers intermixed with a plurality of meltblown fibers. In this regard, the plurality of meltblown fibers account for about 30 to about 100%by weight of a total fiber content of the one more more meltblown layers, such as from about any of the following: 30, 35, 40, 45, and 50%by weight, and / or at most about any of the following: 100, 95, 90, 85, 80, 75, 70, 65, 60, 55, and 50%by weight.
[0032] In accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, the first nonwoven material comprises a structure according to the following structure:
[0033] (Structure 1) S1a-Mb-S2c
[0034] wherein
[0035] ‘M’ comprises a meltblown layer or a melt-fibrillated layer;
[0036] ‘S1’ comprises a first spunbond layer;
[0037] ‘S2’ comprises a second spunbond layer;
[0038] ‘a’ represents the number of layers and is independently selected from 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5;
[0039] ‘b’ represents the number of layers is independently selected from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8; and
[0040] ‘c’ represents the number of layers is independently selected from 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5.
[0041]
[0042] In accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, the first nonwoven material has a structure according to Structure 1, in which ‘a’ is 1, 2, or 3, ‘b’ is 1, 2, 3, or 4, and ‘c’ is 1 or 2.
[0043] In accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, all of the fibers forming the first nonwoven material (e.g., first multilayer nonwoven fabric) or the first plurality of continuous spunbond fibers comprise a first polymeric composition including a (i) a first polymer component and (ii) a first additive component.
[0044] The first additive component may include one or more hydrophilic additives, such as a cationic hydrophilic surfactant, an anionic hydrophilic surfactant, a non-ionic hydrophilic surfactant, a zwitterionic hydrophilic surfactant, or combination thereof. The one or more hydrophilic additives may comprise from about 0.1 to about 20%by weight of the first polymeric composition, such as at least about any of the following: 0.1, 0.5.0.8, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, and 10%by weight of the first polymeric composition, and / or at most about any of the following: 20, 18, 15, 12, and 10%by weight of the first polymeric composition. In accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, the one or more hydrophilic additives may be incorporated into the first polymeric composition via a masterbatch including the one or more hydrophilic additives. Additionally or alternatively, the one or more hydrophilic additives may be coated (e.g., surface coated) onto the nonwoven material. For example, the nonwoven material may be rendered hydrophilic in nature via the use of one or more hydrophilic additives incorporated, such as via a masterbatch, into the polymer melt (e.g., melt spinnable first polymeric composition) and / or externally coated with the one or more hydrophilic additives.
[0045] The first additive component may include the one or more first flame retardant additives, such one or more halogenated flame retardants, one or more non-halogenated flame retardants, or combination thereof. For example, the one or more halogenated flame retardants may comprise a brominated or chlorinated flame retardant. The brominated or chlorinated flame retardant comprises an organohalogen flame retardant comprising an aliphatic, alicyclic, and / or aromatic bromine or chlorine compound.
[0046] In accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, the one or more first flame retardant additives comprises from about 0.1 to about 30%by weight of the first polymeric composition, such as at least about any of the following: 0.1, 0.5.0.8, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 10, 12, and 15%by weight of the first polymeric composition, and / or at most about any of the following: 30, 28, 25, 22, 20, 18, 15, 12, and 10%by weight of the first polymeric composition.
[0047] In accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, the first nonwoven material may include a topical coating of one or more hydrophilic additives, such as a cationic hydrophilic surfactant, an anionic hydrophilic surfactant, a non-ionic hydrophilic surfactant, a zwitterionic hydrophilic surfactant, or combination thereof. For example, the one or more hydrophilic additives from the topical coating may comprise from about 0.1 to about 20%by weight of the first nonwoven material, such as at least about any of the following: 0.1, 0.5.0.8, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, and 10%by weight of the first polymeric composition, and / or at most about any of the following: 20, 18, 15, 12, and 10%by weight of the first nonwoven material. Additionally or alternatively, the first nonwoven material includes a topical coating including the one or more first flame retardant additives, such one or more halogenated flame retardants, one or more non-halogenated flame retardants, or combination thereof. For example, the one or more halogenated flame retardants comprises a brominated or chlorinated flame retardant. The brominated or chlorinated flame retardant may comprise an organohalogen flame retardant comprising an aliphatic, alicyclic, and / or aromatic bromine or chlorine compound. Additionally or alternatively, the one or more first flame retardant additives from the topical coating may comprise from about 0.1 to about 30%by weight of the first nonwoven material, such as at least about any of the following: 0.1, 0.5.0.8, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 10, 12, and 15%by weight of the first polymeric composition, and / or at most about any of the following: 30, 28, 25, 22, 20, 18, 15, 12, and 10%by weight of the first nonwoven material.
[0048] The composite, in accordance with certain embodiments, includes one or more meltblown layers comprising a plurality of meltblown fibers. The plurality of meltblown fibers may comprise a meltblown-polymeric composition including (i) a meltblown-polymer component and (ii) a meltblown additive component.
[0049] The meltblown additive component may include one or more hydrophilic additives, such as a cationic hydrophilic surfactant, an anionic hydrophilic surfactants, non-ionic hydrophilic surfactants, zwitterionic hydrophilic surfactants, or combination thereof. Additionally or alternatively, the one or more hydrophilic additives may comprise from about 0.1 to about 20%by weight of the meltblown-polymeric composition, such as at least about any of the following: 0.1, 0.5.0.8, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, and 10%by weight of the meltblown-polymeric composition, and / or at most about any of the following: 20, 18, 15, 12, and 10%by weight of the meltblown-polymeric composition. Additionally or alternatively, the meltblown additive component includes the one or more first flame retardant additives, such one or more halogenated flame retardants, one or more non-halogenated flame retardants, or combination thereof. For example, the one or more halogenated flame retardants may comprise a brominated or chlorinated flame retardant. The brominated or chlorinated flame retardant comprises an organohalogen flame retardant comprising an aliphatic, alicyclic, and / or aromatic may comprise a bromine or chlorine compound. Additionally or alternatively, the one or more first flame retardant additives comprises from about 0.1 to about 30%by weight of the meltblown-polymeric composition, such as at least about any of the following: 0.1, 0.5.0.8, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 10, 12, and 15%by weight of the meltblown-polymeric composition, and / or at most about any of the following: 30, 28, 25, 22, 20, 18, 15, 12, and 10%by weight of the meltblown-polymeric composition.
[0050] In accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, a majority or all of the fibers forming one or more interior spunbond layers may comprise a second polymeric composition including a (i) a second polymer component and (ii) a second additive component.
[0051] The second additive component may include one or more second hydrophilic additives, such as a cationic hydrophilic surfactant, an anionic hydrophilic surfactant, a non-ionic hydrophilic surfactant, a zwitterionic hydrophilic surfactant, or combination thereof. Additionally or alternatively, the one or more second hydrophilic additives comprises from about 0.1 to about 20%by weight of the second polymeric composition, such as at least about any of the following: 0.1, 0.5.0.8, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, and 10%by weight of the second polymeric composition, and / or at most about any of the following: 20, 18, 15, 12, and 10%by weight of the second polymeric composition.
[0052] In accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, the second additive component may include the one or more second flame retardant additives, such one or more halogenated flame retardants, one or more non-halogenated flame retardants, or combination thereof. The one or more halogenated flame retardants comprises a brominated or chlorinated flame retardant. The brominated or chlorinated flame retardant may comprise an organohalogen flame retardant comprising an aliphatic, alicyclic, and / or aromatic bromine or chlorine compound. Additionally or alternatively, the one or more second flame retardant additives comprises from about 0.1 to about 30%by weight of the second polymeric composition, such as at least about any of the following: 0.1, 0.5.0.8, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 10, 12, and 15%by weight of the second polymeric composition, and / or at most about any of the following: 30, 28, 25, 22, 20, 18, 15, 12, and 10%by weight of the second polymeric composition.
[0053] In accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, the spunbond fibers (e.g., outer layer and / or inner layers) may be formed from an identical or different polymer component. In this regard, the weight percent of additives may be identical or different as desired. Generally speaking the meltblown-polymer component may be of a similar type of polymer but may have a notably larger melt flow rate. Similarly, the weight percentage of additives in the meltblown fibers may be identical or different than any of the spunbond layers. In accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, each individual layer (e.g., all individual nonwoven layers) is hydrophilic and includes one or more flame retardant additives, such as those described and disclosed herein.
[0054] The first polymer component of the first polymeric composition, the second polymer component of the second polymeric composition, and the meltblown-polymer component of the meltblown-polymeric composition may independently from each other comprise one or more polyolefin polymers (e.g., polypropylene, polypropylene copolymers, polyethylene, polyethylene copolymers, etc. ) , one or more polyesters, one or more polyamide, one or more biodegradable polymers (e.g., polylactic acid (PLA) , polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) , regenerated celluloses, such as viscose, etc. ) .
[0055] In accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, the first nonwoven material may have a bonded area defined by a plurality of individual thermal or ultrasonic bond sites, from about 8 to about 50%, such as at least about any of the following: 8, 10, 12, 15, 18, 20, 22, and 25%, and / or at most about any of the following: 50, 45, 40, 35, 32, 30, 28, and 25%. Additionally or alternatively, the first nonwoven material may comprise a thickness from about 0.05 to about 1 mm, such as at least about any of the following: 0.05, 0.08, 0.1, 0.12, 0.15, 0.18. 0.2, 0.22, 0.25, 0.3, 0.35, and 0.4 mm, and / or at most about any of the following: 1, 0.9, 0.8, 0.7, 0.6, 0.5, 0.45, and 0.4 mm.
[0056] In accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, the NBF may comprise a basis weight from about 5 to about 100 gsm, such as at least about any of the following: 5, 8, 10, 12, 15, 18, 20, 30, 40, and 50 gsm, and / or at most about any of the following: 100, 90, 80, 70, 60, and 50 gsm. Additionally or alternatively, the NBF may have a thickness from 5 to about 200 microns, such as at least about any of the following: 5, 10, 20, 40, 50, 60, 80, and 100 microns, and / or at most about any of the following: 200, 180, 150, 120, and 100 microns. Additionally or alternatively, the NBF may be a single individual layer (e.g., a monolayer with no identifiable interface with another film layer) or a multi-layer film having from 2 to 10 distinct individual film layers (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 distinct individual film layers) that have an identifiable interface between adjacent individual film layers) . For multi-layer films, for example, each individual film layer may be identical (e.g., identical film-polymeric composition) or be independently different from each other. For instance, NBF may comprise a film-polymeric composition including (i) a film-polymer component, and (ii) a film-additive component. In this regard, multi-layer films may include individual film layers having an identical film-polymeric composition or different (e.g., differing film-polymer component and / or different type or weight percentage of film-additives) .
[0057] The film-polymer component, in accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, may comprise one or more polyolefin polymers (e.g., polyethylene or copolymer thereof, polypropylene or copolymer thereof) , one or more polyesters, one or more polyamides, one or more biodegradable polymers (e.g., polylactic acid (PLA) , polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) , regenerated celluloses, such as viscose, etc. ) , one or more thermoplastic elastomers (TPE) , one or more thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU) , polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) , or blends thereof.
[0058] In accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, film-additive component may include one or more hydrophobic additives, such as a cationic hydrophobic surfactant, an anionic hydrophobic surfactant, a non-ionic hydrophobic surfactant, a zwitterionic hydrophobic surfactant, or combination thereof. Additionally or alternatively, the one or more hydrophobic additives comprises from about 0.1 to about 20%by weight of the film-polymeric composition, such as at least about any of the following: 0.1, 0.5.0.8, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, and 10%by weight of the film-polymeric composition, and / or at most about any of the following: 20, 18, 15, 12, and 10%by weight of the film-polymeric composition.
[0059] In accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, the film-additive component may include the one or more flame retardant additives, such one or more halogenated flame retardants, one or more non-halogenated flame retardants, or combination thereof. The one or more halogenated flame retardants comprises a brominated or chlorinated flame retardant. The brominated or chlorinated flame retardant may comprise an organohalogen flame retardant comprising an aliphatic, alicyclic, and / or aromatic bromine or chlorine compound. Additionally or alternatively, the one or more flame retardant additives comprises from about 0.1 to about 30%by weight of the film-polymeric composition, such as at least about any of the following: 0.1, 0.5.0.8, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 10, 12, and 15%by weight of the film-polymeric composition, and / or at most about any of the following: 30, 28, 25, 22, 20, 18, 15, 12, and 10%by weight of the film-polymeric composition. Additionally or alternatively, the NBF may also include a separate topical coating including the one or more hydrophilic additives and / or the one or more flame retardant additives.
[0060] The composite, in accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, has an absorbent capacity of at least about 200%according to ISO9073-6, such as at least about any of the following: 200, 220, 250, 280, and 300%according to ISO9073-6, and / or at most about any of the following: 500, 480, 450, 420, 400, 380, 350, 320, and 320%according to ISO9073-6. Additionally or alternatively, the composite has an absorbent time of less than about 25 seconds according to ASTM 824, such as at least about any of the following: 8, 10, 12, 14, 15, and 16 seconds according to ASTM 824, and / or at most about any of the following: 25, 24, 22, 20, 18, and 16 seconds according to ASTM 824. Additionally or alternatively, the composite has a hydrostatic head of at least about 150 mbar according to AATCC 127, such as at least about any of the following: 150, 160, 170, 180, 190 and 200 mbar according to AATCC 127, and / or at most about any of the following: 300, 290, 280, 270, 250, 250, 240, 220, 210, and 200 mbar according to AATCC 127. Additionally or alternatively, the composite has a machine direction tensile strength at break of at least about 100 N according to ASTM 5035, such as at least about any of the following: 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, and 150 N according to ASTM 5035, and / or at most about any of the following: 200, 180, and 150 N according to ASTM 5035. Additionally or alternatively, the composite has a cross-direction tensile strength at break of at least about 50 N according to ASTM 5035, such as at least about any of the following: 50, 60, 70, and 80 N according to ASTM 5035, and / or at most about any of the following: 120, 110, 100, 90, and 80 N according to ASTM 5035. Additionally or alternatively, the composite has a machine direction elongation at break of from about 10 to about 100%according to ASTM 5035, such as at least about any of the following: 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50%according to ASTM 5035, and / or at most about any of the following: 100, 90, 80, 70, 60, and 50%according to ASTM 5035. Additionally or alternatively, the composite has a cross-direction elongation at break of from about 10 to about 100%according to ASTM 5035, such as at least about any of the following: 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50%according to ASTM 5035, and / or at most about any of the following: 100, 90, 80, 70, 60, and 50%according to ASTM 5035. Additionally or alternatively, the composite has an abrasion resistance at the outermost surface of the first nonwoven material of at least 4 according to ASTM4966.
[0061] In accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, the NBF, the first nonwoven material, and the composite each has a flammability value of DNI according to CFR part 1610. Additionally or alternatively, the NBF, the first nonwoven material, and the composite each has a laser-primary ignitable value of I_98 according to ISO 11810.
[0062] Figure 1 illustrates a composite 1 including a first nonwoven material 10 and a NBF 20, in which the first nonwoven material and the NBF are bonded together via an adhesive layer 30. Figure 2 illustrates another composite 1 including a first nonwoven material 10 comprising outer spunbond layers 12 and inner spunbond layers 14, with metlblown layers 16 located between the outer spunbond layers and the inner spunbond layers. The composite 1 also includes a NBF 20 that is bonded to the first nonwoven material 10 via an adhesive layer 30.
[0063] In another aspect, the present invention provides a method of forming a composite, such as those described and disclosed herein. The method may comprise the following steps: (i) providing or forming a first nonwoven material comprising a first plurality of continuous spunbond fibers, wherein the first nonwoven material is hydrophilic and includes one or more first flame retardant additives; (ii) providing or forming a non-breathable film (NBF) comprising a polyolefin, wherein the NBF is hydrophilic and includes one or more NBF-flame retardant additives; and (iii) bonding the first nonwoven material and the NBF together via an adhesive layer located directly or indirectly between the first nonwoven material and the NBF, wherein the adhesive layer comprises a polyurethane reactive adhesive to provide a composite, such as those described and disclosed herein. As noted above, the first nonwoven material may comprise a plurality of individual nonwoven layers comprising at least one spunbond layer, at least one meltblown layer, at least one carded layer, at least one hydroentangled layer, at least one through-air-bonded nonwoven layer, at least one regenerated-cellulose layer, or any combinations thereof. In accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, the method may comprise a step of bonding the plurality of individual nonwoven layers together via a bonding operation. For example, the bonding operation may comprise a thermal bonding operation and / or an ultrasonic bonding operation forming a plurality of individual bond sites defining a bonded area.
[0064] In accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, the method may comprise forming a first polymeric melt comprising a first polymeric composition including a (i) first polymeric component, and (ii) a first additive component; and forming the first plurality of continuous spunbond fibers. As noted above, the first additive component may include one or more first flame retardant additives and / or one or more hydrophilic additives, such as one or more hydrophilic surfactants. Additionally or alternatively, the method may also comprise forming a metblown polymeric melt comprising a meltblown polymeric composition including a (i) meltblown polymeric component, and (ii) a meltblown additive component; and forming a plurality of meltblown fibers as noted above. The method may comprise depositing the plurality of meltblown fibers on top of the first plurality of continuous spunbond fibers. In accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, the meltblown additive component includes one or more flame retardant additives and / or one or more hydrophilic additives, such as one or more hydrophilic surfactants. Additionally or alternatively, the method may comprise forming a second polymeric melt comprising a second polymeric composition including a (i) second polymeric component, and (ii) a second additive component; and forming a second plurality of continuous spunbond fibers. The method may comprise depositing the second plurality of continuous spunbond fibers on top of the plurality of meltblown fibers to form a SMS-structure, such as those noted above. The second additive component may include one or more flame retardant additives and / or one or more hydrophilic additives, such as one or more hydrophilic surfactants.
[0065] In accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, the NBF may be bonded to the first nonwoven material via and adhesive layer or optionally directly extruding the NBF onto the first nonwoven material. The adhesive, in accordance with some embodiments of the invention, may be applied by roll coating, knife coating, die coating, spray coating. Additionally or alternatively, the adhesive may comprise polyolefin adhesives, polyamide adhesivess, acrylic acid adhesive, synthetic rubber based adhesives, a polyurethane reactive adhesive, and combinations thereof.
[0066] In another aspect, the present invention provides an article comprising a medical drape (e.g., surgical drape) including one or more composites, such as those described and disclosed herein. In accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, the medical drape comprises a major component comprising a first composite, and a minor component comprising a second composite, wherein the first composite is different than the second composite. The major component and the minor component may be bonded together, and the minor component may encircle a fenestration site (e.g., through-hole or window enabling access to a surgical or working location associated with a patient) .
[0067] In accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, the second composite has a larger absorbent capacity than the first composite. For instance, a first ratio between the second composite’s absorbent capacity (%according to ISO 9073-6) and the first composite’s absorbent capacity (%according to ISO 9073-6) from about 3: 1 to about 1: 1, such as at most about any of the following: 3: 1, 2.8: 1, 2.5: 1, 2.2: 1, and 2: 1, and / or at least about any of the following: 1: 1, 1.2: 1, 1.4: 1, 1.5: 1, 1.6: 1, 1.7: 1, 1.8: 1, 1.9: 1, and 2: 1. Additionally or alternatively, a second ratio between the second composite’s absorbent time ( (s) according to ASTM D824) and the first composite’s absorbent time ( (s) according to ASTM D824) from about 2: 1 to about 1: 2, such as at most about any of the following: 2: 1, 1.8: 1, 1.5: 1, 1.2: 1, and 1: 1, and / or at least about any of the following: 1: 1, 1.2: 1, 1.4: 1, 1.5: 1, 1.6: 1, 1.7: 1, 1.8: 1, 1.9: 1, and 2: 1. Additionally or alternatively, a third ratio between the second composite’s basis weight (gsm according to ASTM 3776) and the first composite’s basis weight (gsm according to ASTM 3776) from about 3:1 to about 1: 1, such as at most about any of the following: 3: 1, 2.8: 1, 2.5: 1, 2.2: 1, 2: 1, 1.8: 1, and 1.5: 1 and / or at least about any of the following: 1: 1, 1.2: 1, 1.4: 1, and 1.5: 1.
[0068] In accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, the major component comprising the first composite comprises one or more spunbond layers, such as 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 individual spunbond layers, bonded together, and a first NBF that is directly or indirectly bonded to the one or more spunbond layers; and the minor component comprising the second composite comprises a second NBF directly or indirectly bonded to a second nonwoven fabric having a structure according to the following structure:
[0069] (Structure 1) S1a-Mb-S2c
[0070] wherein
[0071] ‘M’ comprises a meltblown layer or a melt-fibrillated layer;
[0072] ‘S1’ comprises a first spunbond layer;
[0073] ‘S2’ comprises a second spunbond layer;
[0074] ‘a’ represents the number of layers and is independently selected from 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5;
[0075] ‘b’ represents the number of layers is independently selected from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8; and
[0076] ‘c’ represents the number of layers is independently selected from 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5.
[0077] Figure 3 illustrates an article 100, such as a medical drape, including a major component 120 comprising a first composite and a minor component 150 comprising a second composite in accordance with certain embodiments of the invention. The minor component encircles or defines a fenestration location 180.
[0078] EXAMPLES
[0079] The present disclosure is further illustrated by then following examples, which in no way should be construed as being limiting. That is, the specific features described in the following examples are merely illustrative and not limiting.
[0080] Example #1
[0081] Raw Material: a 30 gsm laser and flame resistant polypropylene nonwoven web treated with hydrophilic surfactant; a 45gsm laser and flame resistant polyethylene film; and a 5 gsm of a polyurethane reactive adhesive (PUR adhesive) layer.
[0082] Process: the 30 gsm flame and laser resistant spunbond-spunbond polypropylene nonwoven was treated with hydrophilic surfactant having a thickness of about 0.10 mm was bonded onto the 45 gsm flame and laser resistant polyethylene film by knife coating via 5 gsm PUR adhesive.
[0083] The physical properties associated with this composite are summarized in Table 1.
[0084] TABLE 1
[0085] Example #2
[0086] Raw Material: a 30 gsm flame resistant spunbond polypropylene treated with hydrophilic surfactant; a 60 gsm meltblown polypropylene treated with hydrophilic surfactant; a 10 gsm spunbond polypropylene treated with hydrophilic surfactant; a 20 gsm polyethylene film; and a 5 gsm PUR adhesive layer.
[0087] Process: the 30 gsm spunbond fabric sheet was provided as a top layer comprising non-halogenated flame retardant and treated with a hydrophilic surfactant online, which provides superior performance for flame retardant per CFR1610 and liquid absorption capacity. The 60 gsm meltblown web was provided as intermediate layer and treated with hydrophilic surfactant, which enhances absorption of liquids. The 10 gsm spunbond web provided as a bottom liner and treated with hydrophilic surfactant online. These three layers were bonded together by ultrasonic bonding. The ultrasonic bonded multilayerd fabric was then bonded with the 20 gsm polyethylene film by knife coating with the 5 g PUR adhesive. The film layer provides a barrier to prevent liquid penetration.
[0088] The physical properties associated with this composite are summarized in Table 2.
[0089] TABLE 2
[0090] Annex A: According to ISO11810, every specimen shall be graded according to the following classification system shown in Table 3.
[0091] TABLE 3
[0092] Note:
[0093] 1. “X” represent the oxygen content
[0094] 2. The sequence of testing shall be: 21%O2, 60%O2, 98%O2
[0095] 3. I1x>I2x>I3x>I4x
[0096] Test results for the Examples are shown in Table 4.
[0097] TABLE 4
[0098] Annex B: According to CFR Part 1610, use the test results (time in seconds) and test observations to determine the test result code from the tables below. Use the appropriate test result code for each specimen in the test report. Three codes listed in below Table 5.
[0099] TABLE 5
[0100] These and other modifications and variations to the invention may be practiced by those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is more particularly set forth in the appended claims. In addition, it should be understood that aspects of the various embodiments may be interchanged in whole or in part. Furthermore, those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the foregoing description is by way of example only, and it is not intended to limit the invention as further described in such appended claims. Therefore, the spirit and scope of the appended claims should not be limited to the exemplary description of the versions contained herein.
Claims
1.A composite, comprising:(i) a first nonwoven material comprising a first plurality of continuous spunbond fibers, wherein the first nonwoven material is hydrophilic and includes one or more first flame retardant additives;(ii) a non-breathable film (NBF) comprising a polyolefin, wherein the NBF includes one or more NBF-flame retardant additives; and(iii) an adhesive layer located directly or indirectly between the first nonwoven material and the NBF, wherein the adhesive layer comprises a polyurethane reactive adhesive.2.The composite of claim 1, wherein the first nonwoven material comprises at least one spunbond layer, at least one meltblown layer, at least one carded layer, at least one hydroentangled layer, at least one through-air-bonded nonwoven layer, at least one regenerated-cellulose layer, or any combinations thereof.3.The composite of claims 1-2, wherein the first nonwoven material comprises a plurality of individual spunbond layers, such as 2, 3, 4, or 5 individual spunbond layer, bonded together, such as by thermal bonds or ultrasonic bonds, to define a first multilayer nonwoven fabric.4.The composite of claims 1-3, wherein the first plurality of continuous spunbond fibers define one or more outer spunbond layers, and wherein the first nonwoven material further comprises one or more meltblown layers, and one our more interior spunbond layers, wherein (i) the one or more meltblown layers is located between the one or more outer spunbond layers and the one or more interior spunbond layers, and (ii) the one or more outer spunbond layers, one or more interior meltblown layers, and one our more interior spunbond layer are bonded together, such as by thermal bonds or ultrasonic bonds, to define a first multilayer nonwoven fabric.5.The composite of claim 4, wherein all individual layers of the first multilayer nonwoven fabric are hydrophilic and include the one or more flame retardant additives.6.The composite of claims 4-5, wherein the one or more meltblown layers comprises from about 20 to about 80%by weight of the first nonwoven material, such as at least about any of the following: 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, and 50%by weight of the first nonwoven material, and / or at most about any of the following: 80, 75, 70, 65, 60, 55, and 50% by weight of the first nonwoven material.7.The composite of claims 4-6, wherein the adhesive layer is located adjacent and in contact with the one or more interior spunbond layers.8.The composite of claims 1-7, wherein the first plurality of continuous spunbond fibers comprise a first polymeric composition including a (i) a first polymer component and (ii) a first additive component, and the first additive component includes the one or more first flame retardant additives, and wherein the one or more first flame retardant additives comprises from about 0.1 to about 30%by weight of the first polymeric composition, such as at least about any of the following: 0.1, 0.5.0.8, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 10, 12, and 15%by weight of the first polymeric composition, and / or at most about any of the following: 30, 28, 25, 22, 20, 18, 15, 12, and 10%by weight of the first polymeric composition.9.The composite of claims 1-8, wherein the composite has one of more of the following: (i) an absorbent capacity of at least about 200%according to ISO9073-6, such as at least about any of the following: 200, 220, 250, 280, and 300%according to ISO9073-6, and / or at most about any of the following: 500, 480, 450, 420, 400, 380, 350, 320, and 320%according to ISO9073-6; (ii) an absorbent time of less than about 25 seconds according to ASTM 824, such as at least about any of the following: 8, 10, 12, 14, 15, and 16 seconds according to ASTM 824, and / or at most about any of the following: 25, 24, 22, 20, 18, and 16 seconds according to ASTM 824; and (iii) a hydrostatic head of at least about 150 mbar according to AATCC 127, such as at least about any of the following: 150, 160, 170, 180, 190 and 200 mbar according to AATCC 127, and / or at most about any of the following: 300, 290, 280, 270, 250, 250, 240, 220, 210, and 200 mbar according to AATCC 127; (iv) a flammability value of DNI according to CFR part 1610; and (v) a laser-primary ignitable value of I_98 according to ISO 11810.10.The method of forming a composite, comprising:(i) providing or forming a first nonwoven material comprising a first plurality of continuous spunbond fibers, wherein the first nonwoven material is hydrophilic and includes one or more first flame retardant additives;(ii) providing or forming a non-breathable film (NBF) comprising a polyolefin, wherein the NBF includes one or more NBF-flame retardant additives; and(iii) bonding the first nonwoven material and the NBF together via an adhesive layer located directly or indirectly between the first nonwoven material and the NBF, wherein the adhesive layer comprises a polyurethane reactive adhesive to provide a composite according to any one of claims 1-9.11.The method of claim 10, wherein the first nonwoven material comprises a plurality of individual nonwoven layers comprising at least one spunbond layer, at least one meltblown layer, at least one carded layer, at least one hydroentangled layer, at least one through-air-bonded nonwoven layer, at least one regenerated-cellulose layer, or any combinations thereof.12.An article, comprising a medical drape including a composite according to any one of claims 1-9.13.The article of claim 12, wherein the medical drape comprises a major component comprising a first composite according to any one of claims 1-9, and a minor component comprising a second composite according to any one of claims 1-9; wherein the first composite is different than the second composite.14.The article of claim 13, wherein the first composite and the second composite are bonded together, and wherein the minor component encircles a fenestration site; and wherein the second composite has a larger absorbent capacity than the first composite .15.The article of claims 13-14, wherein a first ratio between the second composite’s absorbent capacity (%according to ISO 9073-6) and the first composite’s absorbent capacity (%according to ISO 9073-6) from about 3: 1 to about 1: 1, such as at most about any of the following: 3: 1, 2.8: 1, 2.5: 1, 2.2: 1, and 2: 1, and / or at least about any of the following: 1: 1, 1.2: 1, 1.4: 1, 1.5: 1, 1.6: 1, 1.7: 1, 1.8: 1, 1.9: 1, and 2: 1.