Modular system for the construction of building structures

Abstract

The invention relates to a modular system for producing building structures (BW), comprising a plurality of separate building blocks (1) and a plurality of separate connection elements (4) for connecting in each case two building blocks (1), - wherein the building blocks (1) each have a cuboid basic shape with a bottom side (5), a top side (6) and side walls (2, 3), wherein at least one connecting recess (7) for connecting to one of the connection elements (4) is formed in at least one side wall (2, 3), - wherein the connection elements (4) each have a connecting region (8) for connecting to one of the two building blocks (1) to be connected and a connecting region (8) for connecting to the other of the two building blocks (1) to be connected, and - wherein the connecting regions (8) of the connection elements (4) and the connecting recesses (7) of the building blocks (1) are formed in such a way that a dovetail connection can be formed between each connecting recess (7) and the corresponding connecting region (8).

Description

[0001] Modular system for the production of buildings

[0002] DESCRIPTION

[0003] The invention relates to a modular system for the production of buildings.

[0004] From the prior art, as described in WO 2012 / 120021 A1, a modular system for producing structures from a plurality of shaped elements is known.

[0005] The invention is based on the object of providing a modular system for the production of buildings that is improved compared to the prior art.

[0006] The object is achieved according to the invention by a modular system for the production of structures having the features of claim 1.

[0007] Advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject of the subclaims.

[0008] A modular system according to the invention for producing structures comprises a plurality of separate building blocks and a plurality of separate connecting elements for connecting two building blocks each. The building blocks each have a cuboidal basic shape with a bottom side, a top side, and side walls, wherein at least one connecting recess is formed in at least one side wall for connecting, in particular in a form-fitting manner, to one of the connecting elements. The connecting elements each have a connecting region for connecting to one of the two building blocks to be connected and a connecting region for connecting to the other of the two building blocks to be connected. The connecting elements are each formed, in particular, as a single piece and / or in one piece.The connecting areas of the connecting elements and the connecting recesses of the building blocks are designed in such a way that a dovetail connection can be formed between the respective connecting recess and the respective connecting area or is formed in the interconnected state of the connecting element with the respective building block.

[0009] The building blocks and connecting elements of the modular system are therefore separate, initially unconnected, individual parts. The connecting elements are in particular so-called dovetail inserts. To connect two building blocks using a connecting element, one connecting area of ​​the connecting element is connected to the connecting recess of one building block, forming a dovetail connection, and the other connecting area of ​​the connecting element is connected to the connecting recess of the other building block, forming another dovetail connection. The building blocks are thus each positively connected to the connecting element by means of a dovetail connection and are thus positively connected to one another via this connecting element.In particular, it is provided that the building blocks connected to one another by means of the connecting element abut one another, in particular directly against one another, i.e., the two building blocks abut one another with their side walls, in whose connecting recesses the connecting element is arranged, in particular directly against one another. The building blocks, in particular their connecting recess(es), and the connecting elements, in particular their connecting regions, are designed accordingly to ensure this.

[0010] A wall formed in this way by means of the interconnected building blocks is in particular a load-bearing wall of a building.

[0011] The connecting recesses of the building blocks are each designed, in particular, as a dovetail groove, i.e., in particular, as a groove with a dovetail-shaped cross-section. The dovetail-shaped cross-section becomes narrower toward the opening of the groove, i.e., toward the outer surface of the side wall.

[0012] The connecting regions of the respective connecting element are each designed as a dovetail, wherein the shape of the respective dovetail corresponds to the dovetail-shaped cross-section of the connecting recesses designed as a dovetail groove. The connecting elements thus each have a double dovetail, wherein the two dovetails, i.e. the two connecting regions of the respective connecting element, are connected to one another at their narrowest point, either directly or via an intermediate region of the connecting element. The connecting element, in particular its cross-section, thus has in particular two parallel end faces and between them two opposing triangular or, for example, trapezoidal recesses. This shape of the connecting element, in particular the shape of its cross-section, can also be referred to as an hourglass shape, for example.

[0013] The dovetail joint provides a secure and stable, positive-locking connection between the building blocks, especially compared to, for example, a tongue-and-groove joint. The tongue-and-groove joint is only positive-locking in one direction. The dovetail joint is positive-locking in two mutually perpendicular directions. Furthermore, the dovetail joint ensures self-centering of the building blocks.

[0014] The modular system according to the invention is thus a system, in particular a modular one, for constructing structures. The solution according to the invention enables, in particular, the respective structure constructed using the modular system to be dismantled and reconstructed. The building blocks are formed, for example, from a geopolymer or from a material comprising a geopolymer. The building blocks are formed, in particular, from a material based on geopolymer or geopolymer concrete. For example, the material of the building blocks has a compressive strength after 28 days of 75 MPa to 80 MPa and / or a flexural strength after 28 days of 5 MPa to 5.5 MPa. For geopolymer concrete, alkaline-activated mineral substances, for example natural materials or secondary raw materials, are used as binders. The geopolymer or geopolymer concrete is free of Portland cement.Various types of natural or recycled fillers can be used. Geopolymer or geopolymer concrete is environmentally friendly, low-emission, and easy to further treat, such as plastering or painting, and highly fire-resistant. Unlike polymer concrete, geopolymer or geopolymer concrete does not require resin, hardeners, or accelerators.

[0015] For example, floor pavers and / or board pavers and / or extrusion processes and / or wet casting processes and / or mold casting processes can be used to produce the building blocks. For example, the geopolymer or geopolymer concrete can be produced, in particular mixed, using a concrete mixer and then further processed into the building block using extrusion processes and / or wet casting processes and / or mold casting processes.

[0016] The geopolymer is, in particular, an inorganic binder. For example, the geopolymer content is 20%, in particular 20% by mass, of a total mixture. The remainder of this total mixture is, for example, aggregate. This aggregate can consist of standardized sands and / or secondary raw materials, such as recycled construction rubble. It is specifically intended that the geopolymer concrete is produced from this total mixture. Alternatively, the building blocks can be made of a different material, such as polymer concrete or concrete. The modular system can also comprise building blocks made of different materials.

[0017] The connecting elements are made of wood, plastic, fiber-reinforced plastic, metal, or another material, for example. For example, the modular system features connecting elements made of different materials.

[0018] In particular, the top and bottom of each building block are designed to be flat. This allows for easy stacking of several rows of building blocks, for example, to form a wall. These walls are, in particular, load-bearing elements.

[0019] The stacked building blocks are arranged offset from one another. This results in greater stability and a reduction in through joints, thus improving thermal insulation.

[0020] It is provided in particular that the building blocks each have at least one connecting recess on several or all of the side walls. This makes it particularly easy to connect two building blocks to one another because the building blocks do not first have to be aligned in a complex manner. In addition, one building block can be connected to several other building blocks, each of which is arranged on a side wall of the building block. In this way, for example, walls can be formed which have several layers of building blocks in the thickness direction of the wall, i.e. walls whose thickness is formed by two or more interconnected building blocks arranged next to one another. In this case, it is provided in particular that the layers of building blocks are of the same thickness.Furthermore, this also makes it possible to form a building corner using interconnected building blocks by connecting a building block forming the building corner with two building blocks that are arranged on adjacent side walls of the building block forming the corner.

[0021] For example, the building blocks or one or more of the building blocks of the modular system each have a plurality of connecting recesses on one or more or all side walls, which are positioned at a distance from one another, for example at a distance of 125 mm. This depends, for example, on the length and width of the respective building block. For example, the building blocks each have a plurality of connecting recesses on their long side walls, for example two, three, four or five connecting recesses. For example, the building blocks each have only one connecting recess on their end walls, i.e. on their narrow side walls, and one or more connecting recesses on their long side walls.The multiple connecting recesses on the same side wall enable, for example, a connection of two building blocks with multiple connecting elements, in particular to enable a secure connection over the entire length even in the case of long building blocks, and / or enable, for example, the connection of a building block with at least two other building blocks adjacent to the same side wall.

[0022] It is particularly provided that for all building blocks of the modular system that have multiple connecting recesses on a side wall, these connecting recesses are the same distance from one another. This means that if there are multiple connecting recesses on a side wall, each of the connecting recesses is the same distance from an adjacent connecting recess on the same side wall, and this distance is the same for all building blocks of the modular system that have multiple connecting recesses on a side wall. It is particularly provided that the distance between each connecting recess adjacent to a corner of the building block and the respective adjacent corner is the same, i.e. all connecting recesses of the building block that are arranged adjacent to a corner of the building block are the same distance from their adjacent corner.If a side wall has only one connecting recess, it is particularly provided that the distance to both adjacent corners is the same, i.e., the connecting recess is then formed centrally on the side wall and is adjacent to both corners and equally spaced. It is particularly provided that the distances of the connecting recesses adjacent to a corner to their respective neighboring corners are the same for all building blocks of the modular system.

[0023] This design advantageously creates a uniform grid of connecting recesses when several modules are connected to one another by means of the connecting elements. These recesses are advantageously evenly distributed in a horizontal plane, in particular evenly spaced from one another, both in the longitudinal and transverse directions of the horizontal plane.

[0024] It is provided in particular that the respective connecting recess extends from the top side to the bottom side of the respective building block, i.e. the connecting recess is open at the top and bottom of the building block. The respective connecting recess is in particular aligned vertically, i.e. perpendicular to the top and bottom. This facilitates the connection of the building blocks by means of the connecting elements, since they can be inserted into the connecting recess from above or below. Alternatively, it could also be provided, for example, that the respective connecting recess extends between two opposite side walls, in particular horizontally, i.e. parallel to the top and bottom. For example, the respective connecting recess could also run at an angle. Combinations of differently aligned connecting recesses on the respective building block are also possible. The building blocks are in particular hollow.This, for example, reduces the weight of the building blocks. The cavity is open at the top and bottom, meaning that the top and bottom of the building block each have at least one opening. This allows, for example, an insulating material to be introduced into the cavity of the building blocks and / or supply and / or disposal lines, heating and / or cooling devices or their components, and / or ventilation and / or aeration lines to be routed through this cavity. The insulating material can be introduced into the cavity, for example, as a molded part, loose-fill insulation, or blown-in insulation.

[0025] Furthermore, the hollow space in the building blocks makes it possible to run threaded rods, square tubes, or other tensile bracing elements, such as tension rods, vertically through the wall formed from the building blocks, for example up to a ring beam. Furthermore, the hollow space in the building blocks also makes it possible to brace the building blocks with each other and / or with other structural elements, such as a ring beam, ring beam, window lintel, and / or door lintel, for example using cables, threaded rods, or similar means, for example made of metallic or non-metallic materials. Ring beams, ring beams, window lintel, and / or door lintel can consist of, for example, wooden beams, precast concrete elements, prestressed system blocks, or other elements.

[0026] The modular system, for example, comprises building blocks of different lengths and / or different heights. This achieves greater flexibility in the construction of the respective building. Furthermore, it can be used to achieve a vertical and / or horizontal offset, for example between building block layers arranged next to one another in the thickness direction of a wall, thus achieving a further form fit. Furthermore, in walls made up of several building blocks arranged side by side, i.e. in the thickness direction of the wall, for example, this avoids continuous joints from the inside of the wall to the outside of the wall and the resulting thermal bridges.

[0027] For example, the modular system includes building blocks in five different lengths and / or two different heights, for example, building blocks with a length of 25 cm, 37.5 cm, 50 cm, 62.5 cm, and 75 cm, and with a height of 25 cm and 12.5 cm. The building blocks all have the same width, for example, 12.5 cm. The building blocks weigh, for example, between 5 kg and 25 kg. Other building block dimensions are also possible, in which case they may have a different weight accordingly.

[0028] The wall thickness of the hollow building blocks, for example, ranges from 10 mm to 40 mm, although other wall thicknesses are also possible. For example, one or more or all of the building blocks in the modular system can be constructed as solid material blocks, meaning they have no internal cavity.

[0029] If a connecting element is arranged in a connecting recess of a building block, the connecting recess can, for example, be filled by the connecting element over its entire length, or the connecting element can, for example, only extend over part of the length of the connecting recess. This depends, for example, on the length of the connecting recess and the length of the connecting element, as well as, for example, on how far the connecting element is inserted into the connecting recess. For example, the connecting element can also protrude from the connecting recess in the length direction of the connecting recess and thus protrude beyond the building block, for example because the connecting element is longer than the connecting recess and / or is not fully inserted into the connecting recess.The connecting elements of the modular system can, for example, all be the same length, or connecting elements of different lengths can be provided. For example, the connecting elements have the same length as the connecting recesses in the building blocks. For different building blocks with different connecting recesses, the modular system can then also have connecting elements of different lengths. Alternatively or additionally, the modular system can, for example, also have connecting elements that are shorter or longer than the connecting recesses in the building blocks.

[0030] For example, the connecting elements can also be cut to the required length.

[0031] For example, stacked building blocks can be connected using the respective connecting element by placing the connecting element in the connecting recess of the lower building block and in the connecting recess of the upper building block. Of course, this requires that the building blocks be aligned so that the respective connecting recesses are arranged in a straight line. With a sufficient length of the connecting element, more than two stacked building blocks can also be connected in this way.

[0032] For example, it can be provided that the respective connecting element is only inserted into the respective connecting recess and remains in position therein, for example due to friction, or that the connecting element is additionally fastened to at least one of the components to be connected to one another by means of the connecting element, for example, by means of a material fit, a form fit, and / or a force fit, for example by gluing, clamping, or snapping, or by means of an additional fastening element. This can reliably prevent, for example, displacement of the connecting element already arranged in the connecting recess of one component during insertion into the connecting recess of the other component.

[0033] In one possible embodiment of the modular system, it can be provided that one or more or all of the hollow building blocks each have at least one intermediate wall or multiple intermediate walls. For example, in the case of building blocks of different lengths, the longer building blocks in particular each have one or more intermediate walls. The intermediate wall or walls divide the hollow space in the building block into several chambers. The respective intermediate wall runs in particular parallel to the end walls, i.e. to the narrow side walls, of the building block. This stabilizes the building block along its length, since the long side walls support each other via the respective intermediate wall. Alternatively or additionally, the intermediate wall or a further intermediate wall can, for example, be aligned parallel to the long side walls or parallel to the top and bottom of the building block.If the partition walls are aligned parallel to the side walls, the building block has several openings on its top and bottom, one opening on the top and one on the bottom for each chamber formed by the partition wall(s). For example, a connecting recess is formed in the opposite side walls connected by the respective partition wall at the height of the partition wall, i.e., in particular in the length direction of the building block at the position of the partition wall. This allows, for example, potential loads resulting from the connection of the building blocks to be diverted via the partition wall.

[0034] For example, the modular system comprises one or more modules without a partition wall and / or one or more modules with a partition wall and / or one or more modules with several, in particular two or at least two, partition walls. If the respective module has a partition wall and this partition wall runs parallel to the end walls, then the partition wall is, in particular, at the same distance from both end walls.

[0035] If the respective building block has multiple partition walls and the partition walls each run parallel to the end walls, then the partition walls adjacent to the respective end wall are, in particular, the same distance from their respective adjacent end wall. In the case of two partition walls, the distance between the partition walls is smaller or larger than the distance between the respective end wall and the respective adjacent partition wall, or these distances are equal.

[0036] To construct a particular structure, the building blocks, particularly when a wall is formed from multiple layers of building blocks in the thickness direction, are offset vertically and / or horizontally from one another, particularly from blocks of a neighboring building block layer in the thickness direction of the wall. This is made possible, in particular, by building blocks of different heights and / or lengths, which the modular system comprises. In terms of height, the modular system, for example, comprises building blocks that are half the height of other building blocks in the modular system.

[0037] For example, in a block layer on a subfloor or baseboard, a row of half-height blocks is first placed in the thickness direction of the wall, followed by full-height blocks. Only full-height blocks are used adjacent to the wall in the thickness direction. This achieves a vertical offset of half a block height for the tall blocks.

[0038] For example, several layers of building blocks can be arranged along the thickness of the wall, with the building blocks of each layer advantageously being offset horizontally and / or vertically from a neighboring layer in the thickness direction. The modular system is suitable for both the construction of statically loaded masonry and the construction of statically unloaded masonry. It is suitable, for example, for the construction of new buildings as well as for the expansion and integration of existing structures.

[0039] To ensure the lowest building blocks are placed evenly, a base rail can be provided, for example. This base rail, formed from one or more components, particularly assembled ones, can also be part of the modular system. The base rail is placed on a base, and a bottom row of building blocks is arranged on top of it.

[0040] The building blocks can be connected to each other exclusively using the connecting elements, for example, or additionally using adhesive, mortar, or screws. However, this is not absolutely necessary. If only the connecting elements are used to connect the building blocks, or if, for example, removable clamping devices or screws are used, the structure constructed using the modular system can be dismantled and reassembled, even multiple times.

[0041] As already mentioned, the hollow design of the building blocks allows for internal insulation, i.e., the insertion of an insulating material into the cavity of the building blocks, for example, as molded parts, loose-fill insulation, or blown-in insulation. However, the building blocks can also be used without insulation.

[0042] Connecting recesses located on a surface of a structure manufactured using the modular system can, for example, be filled with molded parts made of wood, plastic, metal, or another material in order to achieve flat surfaces, for example on an outer and / or inner side of a wall erected as a structure. Such molded parts for filling connecting recesses are, for example, also part of the modular system. The molded parts each have a shape corresponding to the connecting recess, in particular a cross-section corresponding to the cross-section of the connecting recess. For example, the respective molded part has the shape of a connecting region of the connecting element. By attaching such molded parts, a flat closure of the connecting recess with a surface of the side wall in which it is formed is achieved.One or more additional attachments can then be attached to the flat filling of the connecting recess achieved by the molded part. Since this creates a flat wall surface, plastering and / or painting is also made easier.

[0043] In one possible embodiment, the modular system additionally comprises, for example, one or more further components with a dovetail shape corresponding to the receiving recess in the respective building block. This dovetail shape has, for example, the shape of a connecting region of the connecting element. The respective component can then, for example, be fastened to one or more of the building blocks via its dovetail shape and the connecting recess of the respective building block. Such components, designed, for example, as T-nuts or similar elements, make it possible, for example, to fasten a facade, panels, battens, a substructure or other attachments to the structure produced using the modular system, in particular to an outer or inner side of an erected wall, in particular without damaging the building blocks, for example by drilling or screwing.

[0044] Embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings, in which:

[0045] Figures 1 to 5 schematically show a building,

[0046] Figures 6 to 9 schematically show an embodiment of a module,

[0047] Figures 10 to 13 schematically show another embodiment of a module,

[0048] Figures 14 to 17 schematically show another embodiment of a module,

[0049] Figures 18 to 21 schematically show another embodiment of a module,

[0050] Figures 22 to 25 schematically show another embodiment of a module,

[0051] Figures 26 to 29 schematically show another embodiment of a module,

[0052] Figures 30 to 33 schematically show another embodiment of a module,

[0053] Figures 34 to 37 schematically show another embodiment of a module, and

[0054] Figures 38 to 41 schematically show an embodiment of a connecting element.

[0055] Corresponding parts are provided with the same reference numerals in all figures.

[0056] A modular system for producing structures BW is described below with reference to Figures 1 to 41. Figures 1 to 5 show, by way of example, a structure BW produced using the modular system, wherein Figure 1 shows a perspective view of the structure BW, Figure 2 shows the structure BW in a plan view from above, Figure 3 shows an enlarged detailed view of detail section III in Figure 2, Figure 4 shows the structure BW in a plan view of an inside of a first outer wall AW 1 and Figure 5 shows the structure BW in a plan view of an inside wall IW and an inside of a second outer wall AW2. In the example shown, the first outer wall AW 1 has a window cutout. A free end of the second outer wall AW2 shown in Figures 1 and 2 is adjoined, for example, by a door cutout.

[0057] Figures 6 to 33 show eight different embodiments of building blocks 1 of the modular system by way of example. The respective building block 1 is shown in a perspective view (Figures 6, 10, 14, 18, 22, 26, 30, 34), in a side view of a long side wall 2 (Figures 7, 11, 15, 19, 23, 27, 31, 35), in a side view of an end wall 3 (Figures 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36), and in a plan view from above (Figures 9, 13, 17, 21, 25, 29, 33, 37).

[0058] Figures 6 to 9 and 10 to 13 show a building block 1 having a first length, wherein the building block 1 in Figures 6 to 9 has a first height and the building block 1 in Figures 10 to 13 has a second height which corresponds to half the first height.

[0059] Figures 14 to 17 and 18 to 21 show a building block 1 having a second length which is greater than the first length, the building block 1 in Figures 14 to 17 having the first height and the building block 1 in Figures 18 to 21 having the second height.

[0060] Figures 22 to 25 and 26 to 29 show a building block 1 with a third length that is greater than the second length, wherein the building block 1 in Figures 22 to 25 has the first height and the building block 1 in Figures 26 to 29 has the second height. Figures 30 to 33 and 34 to 37 show a building block 1 with a fourth length that is greater than the third length, wherein the building block 1 in Figures 30 to 33 has the first height and the building block 1 in Figures 34 to 37 has the second height.

[0061] Figures 38 to 41 show an example of an embodiment of a connecting element 4 for connecting two building blocks 1. The connecting element 4 is shown in Figure 38 in a perspective view, in Figure 39 in a plan view of an end face, in Figure 40 in a plan view of a long side and in Figure 41 in a plan view from above, ie of an upper side.

[0062] In the exemplary embodiment of the modular system described here, all building blocks 1 have the same width.

[0063] The exemplary embodiment of the modular system described here comprises all embodiments of the module 1 shown in Figures 6 to 37, wherein the modular system can comprise one or advantageously several modules 1 of the respective embodiment.

[0064] The exemplary embodiment of the modular system described here thus has building blocks 1 in four different lengths and two different heights.

[0065] In addition to this plurality of separate building blocks 1, the modular system has a plurality of separate connecting elements 4 for connecting two building blocks 1, as shown in Figures 2 and 3. One embodiment of the connecting elements 4 is shown in Figures 38 to 41, as already mentioned above.

[0066] The building blocks 1 each have a cuboid basic shape with a bottom side 5, a top side 6 and the side walls 2, 3, wherein at least one connecting recess 7 is formed in at least one side wall 2, 3 for connecting to one of the connecting elements 4. In the illustrated embodiments, the building blocks 1 each have such a connecting recess 7 on both end walls 3 and on the long side walls 4, depending on the length of the respective building block 1, two connecting recesses 7 (embodiments according to Figures 6 to 13), three connecting recesses 7 (embodiments according to Figures 14 to 21), four connecting recesses 7 (embodiments according to Figures 22 to 29) or five connecting recesses 7 (embodiments according to Figures 30 to 37), in particular at the same distance from one another.

[0067] The connecting recesses 7 on all side walls 2, 3 make it particularly easy to connect two building blocks 1 to one another, since the building blocks 1 do not first have to be aligned in a complex manner. In addition, this means that one building block 1 can be connected to several other building blocks 1, which are each arranged on a side wall 2, 3 of the building block 1, as can be seen in Figures 1 to 6. In this way, for example, walls AW1, AW2 can be formed which have several layers of building blocks 1 in the thickness direction of the wall AW1, AW2, ie walls AW1, AW2 whose thickness is formed by two or more interconnected building blocks 1 arranged next to one another.Furthermore, this also enables the formation of a building corner by interconnected building blocks 1, in that a building block 1 forming the building corner is connected to two building blocks 1 that are arranged on adjacent side walls 2, 3 of the building block 1 forming the corner. The multiple connecting recesses 7 on the same long side wall 2 enable, for example, a connection of two building blocks 1 with multiple connecting elements 4, in particular to enable a secure connection over the entire length even with long building blocks 1, and / or it enables, for example, the connection of a building block 1 to at least two other building blocks 1 adjacent to the same long side wall 2, as shown in Figures 1 to 6.

[0068] The respective connecting recess 7 extends from the top side 6 to the bottom side 5 of the respective building block 1, i.e., the connecting recess 7 is open at the top side 6 and bottom side 5 of the building block 1. The respective connecting recess 7 is aligned vertically, i.e., perpendicular to the top side 6 and bottom side 5. This facilitates the connection of the building blocks 1 by means of the connecting elements 4, since they can be inserted into the connecting recess 7 from above or below.

[0069] The connecting elements 4 each have a connecting region 8 for connecting to one of the two building blocks 1 to be connected and a connecting region 8 for connecting to the other of the two building blocks 1 to be connected. The connecting elements 4 are formed as a single piece and / or in one piece.

[0070] The connecting regions 8 of the connecting elements 4 and the connecting recesses 7 of the building blocks 1 are designed such that a dovetail connection can be formed between the respective connecting recess 7 and the respective connecting region 8.

[0071] The building blocks 1 and connecting elements 4 of the modular system are thus separate, initially unconnected, individual parts. The connecting elements 4 are in particular so-called dovetail inserts. To connect two building blocks 1 using a connecting element 4, one connecting area 8 of the connecting element 4 is connected to the connecting recess 7 of one building block 1, forming a dovetail connection, and the other connecting area 8 of the connecting element 4 is connected to the connecting recess 7 of the other building block 1, forming another dovetail connection. The building blocks 1 are thus each positively connected to the connecting element 4 by means of a dovetail connection and are thereby positively connected to one another via this connecting element 4, as shown in Figures 2 and 3.

[0072] The connecting recesses 7 of the building blocks 1 are each formed as a dovetail groove, i.e., a groove with a dovetail-shaped cross-section. The dovetail-shaped cross-section becomes narrower toward the opening of the groove, i.e., toward the outer surface of the side wall 2, 3.

[0073] The connecting regions 8 of the respective connecting element 4 are each formed as a dovetail, wherein the shape of the respective dovetail corresponds to the dovetail-shaped cross-section of the connecting recesses 7 formed as a dovetail groove. The connecting elements 4 thus each have a double dovetail, wherein the two dovetails, i.e., the two connecting regions 8 of the respective connecting element 4, are connected to one another at their narrowest point. The connecting element 4, in particular its cross-section, thus has, in particular, two parallel end faces and, between them, two opposing triangular recesses.

[0074] The modular system is thus a particularly modular system for the construction of BW structures. The solution described above allows, in particular, the respective BW structure constructed using the modular system to be dismantled and rebuilt.

[0075] The building blocks 1 are formed, for example, from a geopolymer or from a material comprising a geopolymer. Alternatively, the building blocks 1 are formed from a different material, for example, from polymer concrete or concrete. The modular system can also comprise building blocks 1 made of different materials. The connecting elements 4 are each formed, for example, from wood, plastic, fiber-reinforced plastic, metal, or another material.

[0076] If a connecting element 4 is arranged in a connecting recess 7 of a building block 1, the connecting recess 7 can, for example, be filled by the connecting element 4 over its entire length or the connecting element 4 extends, for example, only over part of the length of the connecting recess 7. This depends, for example, on the length of the connecting recess 7 and the length of the connecting element 4 and, for example, on how far the connecting element 4 is inserted into the connecting recess 7. For example, the connecting element 4 can also protrude from the connecting recess 7 in the length direction of the connecting recess 7 and thus protrude above and / or below the building block 1, for example because the connecting element 4 is longer than the connecting recess 7 and / or is not fully inserted into the connecting recess 7.

[0077] The connecting elements 4 of the modular system can, for example, all have the same length, or connecting elements 4 with different lengths can be provided. For example, the connecting elements 4 have the same length as the connecting recesses 7 in the building blocks 1. In the embodiment of the modular system shown here with two different heights of the building blocks 1 and thus two different lengths of the connecting recesses 7, it can thus be provided, for example, that the modular system also has connecting elements 4 with two different lengths, for example connecting elements 4 whose length corresponds to the length of the connecting recesses 7 of the building blocks 1 with a smaller height, and connecting elements 4 whose length corresponds to the length of the connecting recesses 7 of the building blocks 1 with a greater height.Alternatively or additionally, the modular system can, for example, also have connecting elements 4 that are shorter or longer than the connecting recesses 7 in the building blocks 1. In one possible embodiment of the modular system, it can, for example, also be provided that all connecting elements 4 have the same length.

[0078] For example, the connecting elements 4 can also be cut to the required length.

[0079] In the embodiment of the connecting element 4 shown here according to Figures 38 to 41, the connecting element 4 has a width of, for example, 16 mm at the widest point of the respective connecting region 8, i.e. on the outside of the connecting region 8. The distance between the two widest points of the two connecting regions 8, i.e. the distance from the outside of one connecting region 8 to the outside of the other connecting region 8, is, for example, 24 mm. The connecting recesses 7 of the building blocks 1 are designed to correspond accordingly in order to enable the dovetail connection. In other embodiments, however, the connecting element 4 can also have other dimensions, in which case the dimensions of the connecting formations 7 of the building blocks 1 are of course also designed to correspond accordingly in order to enable the dovetail connection.

[0080] For example, stacked building blocks 1 can also be connected to one another using the respective connecting element 4 by arranging the connecting element 4 in the connecting recess 7 of the lower building block 1 and in the connecting recess 7 of the upper building block 1. For this purpose, the building blocks 1 must, of course, be aligned such that the respective connecting recesses 7 are arranged in a straight line. With a sufficient length of the connecting element 4, more than two stacked building blocks 1 can also be connected to one another in this way.For example, it can be provided that the respective connecting element 4 is only inserted into the respective connecting recess 7 and remains in its position therein, for example due to friction, or that the connecting element 4 is additionally fastened to at least one of the components 1 to be connected to one another by means of the connecting element 4, for example by means of a material fit, a form fit, and / or a force fit, for example by gluing, clamping, snapping, or by means of an additional fastening element. This can reliably prevent, for example, displacement of the connecting element 4 already arranged in the connecting recess 7 of one component 1 during insertion into the connecting recess 7 of the other component 1.

[0081] The top side 6 and bottom side 5 of the respective building block 1 are flat. The building blocks 1 are in particular hollow. This results in a lower weight of the building blocks 1, for example. The cavity is in particular open at the top and bottom, i.e. the top side 6 and bottom side 5 of the building block 1 each have at least one opening. This allows, for example, an insulating material to be introduced into the cavity of the building blocks 1 and / or supply and / or disposal lines, heating and / or cooling devices or their components and / or aeration and / or ventilation lines to be led through this cavity. The insulating material can, for example, be introduced into the cavity as a molded part, loose-fill insulation or blown-in insulation.

[0082] Furthermore, due to the hollow space in the building blocks 1, it is possible, for example, to guide threaded rods, square tubes, or other tensile bracing elements, for example as tension rods, vertically through the wall AW1, AW2, IW formed from the building blocks 1, for example up to a ring beam. Furthermore, due to the hollow space in the building blocks 1, it is also possible, for example, to brace the building blocks 1 with one another and / or with other structural elements, for example with a ring beam, ring beam, window lintel, and / or door lintel, for example using cables, threaded rods, or similar means, for example made of metallic or non-metallic materials. Ring beams, ring beams, window lintel, and / or door lintel can consist, for example, of wooden beams, precast concrete parts, prestressed system blocks, or other elements.

[0083] The modular system's use of building blocks 1 with different lengths and heights allows for greater flexibility in the construction of each structure BW. Furthermore, this allows for vertical and / or horizontal offsets, for example, between building block layers of building blocks 1 arranged adjacent to one another in the thickness direction of the wall AW1, AW2, thereby achieving a further form fit, as shown in Figures 1 to 6. Furthermore, this avoids continuous joints between the multiple building block layers in the thickness direction of the wall AW1, AW2, from the inside of the wall AW1, AW2 to an outside of the wall AW1, AW2, and thus the resulting thermal bridges.

[0084] In the embodiment of the modular system described here, the longer embodiments of the building blocks 1 each have one or more intermediate walls 9. Thus, the embodiments of the building block 1 with the second length according to Figures 14 to 17 and 18 to 21 have one intermediate wall 9, and the embodiments of the building block 1 with the third length according to Figures 22 to 25 and 26 to 29 and with the fourth length according to Figures 30 to 33 and 34 to 37 have two intermediate walls 9. The intermediate walls 9 are each aligned parallel to the end walls 3.

[0085] The cavity in the building block 1 is divided into several chambers by the partition walls 9, with one partition wall 9 into two chambers and with two partition walls 9 into three chambers. The chambers are, for example, the same size, as in the embodiments with the fourth length according to Figures 30 to 33 and 34 to 37, or different sizes, as in the embodiments with the third length according to Figures 22 to 25 and 26 to 29. Here, the chambers adjacent to the end walls 3 are the same size and larger than the middle chamber formed between them. Each chamber has an opening on the top side 6 and an opening on the bottom side 5 of the building block 1. The building blocks 1 with one partition wall 9 or more partition walls 9 thus have several openings on the top side 6 and bottom side 5.

[0086] The building block 1 is stabilized along its length by the intermediate wall 9 or several intermediate walls 9, since the long side walls 2 support each other via the respective intermediate wall 9. In the illustrated embodiments of the building blocks 1, a connecting recess 7 is formed in the opposite long side walls 2 connected by the respective intermediate wall 9, at the level of the intermediate wall 9. This allows, for example, potential loads resulting from the connection of the building blocks 1 to be diverted via the intermediate wall 9.

[0087] To produce a respective structure BW, as shown by way of example in Figures 1 to 6, the building blocks 1, in particular if a

[0088] Wall AW1, AW2 is formed in the thickness direction from several layers of building blocks 1, in the example shown from two building block layers, vertically and / or horizontally offset from one another, in particular from building blocks 1 of a building block layer adjacent in the thickness direction of the wall AW1, AW2. This is made possible in particular by the building blocks 1 having different heights and / or lengths, which the modular system has. For example, in the thickness direction of the respective outer wall AW1, AW2 shown here, in one building block layer, in the example shown in the outer building block layer of the respective outer wall AW1, AW2, on a subfloor or a baseboard, first a row of half-height building blocks 1 is arranged and on top of these blocks 1 of full height, and adjacent in the thickness direction, in the example shown in the inner building block layer of the respective outer wall AW1, AW2, only full-height building blocks 1 are used.This results in a vertical offset of half the block height of the tall blocks 1.

[0089] The modular system is suitable for both the construction of structurally loaded and non-structurally loaded masonry. It is suitable, for example, for the construction of new buildings as well as for the expansion and integration of existing structures.

[0090] In order to enable the lowest building blocks 1 to be placed level, a base strip can be provided, for example.

[0091] The building blocks 1 can be connected to one another, for example, exclusively via the connecting elements 4, or additionally, adhesive, mortar, or a screw connection can be used to connect the building blocks 1. However, this is not absolutely necessary. If only the connecting elements 4 are used to connect the building blocks 1, or if, for example, detachable clamping devices or screw connections are used, then the structure BW constructed using the modular system can be dismantled and reassembled, for example, even multiple times.

[0092] LIST OF REFERENCE SYMBOLS

[0093] 1 building block

[0094] 2 long side walls

[0095] 3 End wall

[0096] 4 Connecting element

[0097] 5 Bottom

[0098] 6 Top

[0099] 7 Connection recess

[0100] 8 Connection area

[0101] 9 Partition wall

[0102] AW 1 first exterior wall

[0103] AW2 second exterior wall

[0104] IW interior wall

[0105] BW building

Claims

PATENT CLAIMS 1. A modular system for the production of buildings (BW), comprising a plurality of separate building blocks (1) and a plurality of separate connecting elements (4) for connecting two building blocks (1), - wherein the building blocks (1) each have a cuboid basic shape with a bottom side (5), a top side (6) and side walls (2, 3), wherein at least one connecting recess (7) for connecting to one of the connecting elements (4) is formed in at least one side wall (2, 3), - wherein the connecting elements (4) each have a connecting area (8) for connecting to one of the two building blocks (1) to be connected and a connecting area (8) for connecting to the other of the two building blocks (1) to be connected, and - wherein the connecting regions (8) of the connecting elements (4) and the connecting recesses (7) of the building blocks (1) are designed such that a dovetail connection can be formed between the respective connecting recess (7) and the respective connecting region (8).

2. Modular system according to claim 1, wherein the connecting recesses (7) of the building blocks (1) are each designed as a dovetail groove and the connecting regions (8) of the respective connecting element (4) are each designed as a dovetail.

3. Modular system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the building blocks (1) and connecting elements (4) are designed such that building blocks (1) connected to one another by means of at least one connecting element (4) lie directly against one another.

4. Modular system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the top (6) and bottom (5) of the respective building block (1) are flat.

5. Modular system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the building blocks (1) each have at least one connecting recess (7) on several or all side walls (2, 3).

6. Modular system according to claim 5, wherein the building blocks (1) each have a plurality of connecting recesses (7) on their long side walls (2).

7. Modular system according to claim 6, wherein in all building blocks (1) the adjacently arranged connecting recesses (7) on the respective long side wall (2) have the same distance from one another.

8. Modular system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the respective connecting recess (7) extends from the top side (6) to the bottom side (5).

9. Modular system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the building blocks (1) are hollow.

10. Modular system according to one of the preceding claims, comprising building blocks (1) with different lengths and / or different heights.

11. Modular system according to claim 10, comprising building blocks (1) in five different lengths and / or two different heights.

12. Modular system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one building block (1) has at least one intermediate wall (9).

13. Modular system according to claim 12, wherein the at least one intermediate wall (9) runs parallel to the end walls (3).

14. Modular system according to claim 12 or 13, wherein a connecting recess (7) is formed in the opposite side walls (2, 3) connected by means of the at least one intermediate wall (9) at the level of the at least one intermediate wall (9).

15. Modular system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the building blocks (1) are formed from a geopolymer or are formed from a material comprising a geopolymer.

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