Building element

Abstract

The invention relates to a building element in the form of a cuboid having two parallel walls with a larger area and two parallel, vertical walls with a smaller area, wherein the walls with a larger area have splines and / or interstitial spaces, wherein the first wall with a smaller area (1A) of the building element (101-113) has at least one tongue (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 10', 10", 10''', 12) placed symmetrically with respect to a perpendicular axis to its longer sides, and the second, opposite, wall with a smaller area (2A) of the building element (101-113) has at least one groove (3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 11', 11", 11‴, 13) placed therein. The at least one tongue (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12) of the first wall with a smaller area (1A) of the building element (101-113) corresponds in shape to at least one groove (3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 11', 11", 11''', 13) of the second wall with a smaller area (2A) of the building element (101-113).

Description

[0001] The invention refers to a building element in the form of a cuboid, two opposite vertical walls of which have matching shaped feathers and / or grooves.

[0002] Solutions for connecting masonry structures made of ceramic elements, cellular concrete and silicate elements with each other and with reinforced concrete bearing structure are widely known and used. Connections are implemented to strengthen the building structure against the effects of vertical forces and tangential forces and also to increase the safety of the structure during its service life.

[0003] Building elements made of building ceramics, cellular concrete and silicate and other similar materials are often profiled on vertical tangential surfaces to improve the aesthetics of construction by blinding clearances in the finished structure and to exclude grouting. The disadvantage of such constructions is the lack of a clamping connection between elements in such constructions, which negatively affects the stability and steadiness of such a solution.

[0004] Thus, the problem underlying the present invention is to create building components that have mechanical tongue-and-groove joints on vertical surfaces that improve structural integrity, stability and are also aesthetically pleasing in construction.Essence of the solution

[0005] The purpose of this solution is to propose building elements that, through mechanical tongue-and-groove joints on the vertical wall surfaces of a building element, improve structural integrity compared to those built with elements without additional joints on the vertical surfaces, improve stability and construction aesthetics.

[0006] In addition, the purpose of the proposed building elements with tongue and groove joints is to improve the insulation and energy efficiency of the building, which minimize air leaks and eliminate the need for additional fasteners or adhesives and mortars, reducing labor costs and construction time compared to traditional methods.

[0007] This goal is achieved by the building element according to the invention.

[0008] The invention refers to a building element in the form of a cuboid, having two parallel walls with a larger surface area and two parallel vertical walls with a smaller surface area, the walls with the larger surface area having splines and / or sprue spaces, while any tongue-and-groove arrangement is placed on the vertical walls with the smaller surface area. According to the invention, the first wall of the smaller area of the building element has at least one tongue placed symmetrically with respect to an axis perpendicular to its longer sides, and the second, opposite, wall of the smaller area of the building element has at least one groove placed, with at least one tongue of the first wall of the smaller area of the building element corresponding in shape / outline to at least one groove of the second wall of the smaller area of the building element.

[0009] According to the invention, at least one groove is positioned on the second wall, opposite, of the smaller area of the building element symmetrically with respect to an axis perpendicular to the longer sides thereof.

[0010] Advantageously, on the second wall with a smaller area of the building element symmetrically with respect to the axis perpendicular to the longer sides thereof, at least two grooves or tongue and groove or at least one tongue and at least two grooves or at least two tongues and one groove are placed symmetrically axially with respect to the central axis perpendicular to the surface of the walls with a larger area.

[0011] On the other hand, on the first wall with a smaller area of the building element may be placed symmetrically with respect to the axis perpendicular to its longer sides at least one tongue and at least one groove.

[0012] Advantageously, if a given number of tongues are placed on the first wall with a smaller area of the building element then the same number of grooves are placed on the second wall, opposite, with a smaller area of the same building element, corresponding in shape / outline to the tongues from the first wall with a smaller area of the building element. On the other hand, if at least one tongue and at least one groove are placed alternately on the first wall with a smaller area of the building element, then at least one tongue and at least one groove are placed alternately on the second wall with a smaller area of the same building element in the same order as on the first wall with a smaller area of the building element, so that with their shape / outline they correspond to the tongues and grooves placed on the first wall with a smaller area of the building element.

[0013] Also advantageously, if alternating tongues and grooves are placed on the first wall with a smaller area of the building element, then alternating tongues and grooves are placed on the second wall with a smaller area of the building element in the reverse order of the first wall with a smaller area of the building element, so that with their shape / outline they correspond to the tongues and grooves placed on the first wall with a smaller area of the building element.

[0014] If, in turn, any alternating combination of tongues and grooves is placed on the first wall of the smaller area of the building element, then any alternating combination of tongues and grooves is placed on the second wall of the smaller area of the building element in the same or reverse order as on the first wall of the smaller area of the building element, so that their shape / outline corresponds to the tonguess and grooves placed on the first wall of the smaller area of the building element.

[0015] Advantageously, the building element has at least one tongue on the first wall of the smaller area with a cross-sectional shape approximating an isosceles trapezoid and at least one groove on the second, opposite, wall of the smaller area with a cross-sectional shape approximating an isosceles trapezoid.

[0016] According to the invention, it is possible that in a building element a tongue of the first shape in a cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid has arms composed of two segments forming an obtuse angle and its longer base is closer to the center of the building element and is parallel to the shorter edge of the walls of the larger area of the building element.

[0017] The groove of the first shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid has arms composed of two segments forming an obtuse angle and its shorter base is closer to the center of the building element and is parallel to the shorter edge of the walls of the larger area of the building element.

[0018] According to the invention, it is also possible that in a building element the tongue of the second shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid has a shorter base located closer to the center of the building element, which is parallel to the shorter edge of the walls of the larger area of the building element.

[0019] A groove with a second shape with a cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid has a longer base closer to the center of the building element, which is parallel to the shorter edge of the walls with the larger area of the building element.

[0020] The building element may also have a tongue of a third shape with a cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid, in which the longer base closer to the center of the building element is parallel to the shorter edge of the walls of the larger area of the building element.

[0021] According to the invention, in a building element, a groove with a third shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid has a shorter base closer to the center of the building element, which is parallel to the shorter edge of the walls with the largest area of the building element.

[0022] It is also possible to have a tongue with a fourth shape, which is close to a rectangle in cross-section, and its longer sides are parallel to the shorter edge of the walls with the larger area of the building element.

[0023] The groove of the fourth shape has in a cross-section close to a rectangle the longer sides parallel to the shorter edge of the walls of the larger area of the building element.

[0024] According to the invention, the building element may also have a tongue of the fifth shape. Then the tongue has, in a cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid, arms composed of two segments forming a concave angle, the shorter base of which is closer to the center of the building element and is parallel to the shorter edge of the walls of the larger area of the building element.

[0025] It is also possible that the groove of the fifth shape has, in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid, arms composed of two segments forming a concave angle, the longer base of the isosceles trapezoid is closer to the center of the building element and is parallel to the shorter edge of the walls with a larger area of the building element.

[0026] According to the invention, in one building element the tongue can be of the first shape or the second shape or the third shape or the fourth shape or the fifth shape, while the groove can be of the first shape or the second shape or the third shape or the fourth shape or the fifth shape. The shape of the tongue-and-groove system depends on the building element in question.

[0027] In a building element with a tongue-and-groove arrangement, a tongue with a first shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid corresponds to a groove with a first shape close to an isosceles trapezoid. Thus, in a building element, a tongue of the first shape is placed on the first wall with a smaller area and a groove of the first shape is placed on the second wall with a smaller area.

[0028] In the building element, the tongue of the second shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid is joined by its longer side to the longer base of the isosceles trapezoid, whose shorter base is closer to the center of the building element and is parallel to the shorter edge of the walls with the largest area of the building element, and the groove of the second shape in cross-section close to a rectangle joined by its longer side to the longer base of an isosceles trapezoid has a longer base closer to the center of the building element, which is parallel to the shorter edge of the walls with the larger area of the building element. Thus, a tongue with a second shape is placed on the first wall with a smaller area and a groove with a second shape is placed on the second wall with a smaller area.

[0029] In the case where a building element has at least one tongue on the first wall with a smaller area with a third shape then at least one groove with a third shape is placed on the second wall with a smaller area.

[0030] In the case where a building element has at least one tongue on the first wall with a smaller area with a fourth shape in cross-section close to a rectangle, then on the second, opposite, wall with a smaller area it has a groove with a fourth shape in cross-section close to a rectangle.

[0031] On the other hand, when a tongue with a fifth shape is placed in a building element on the first wall with a smaller area, then at least one groove with a fifth shape is placed on the second wall with a smaller area.

[0032] Advantageously, on the first wall of the smaller area of the building element, two third-shaped tongues are placed in a cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid, and the second wall of the smaller area of the building element has two third-shaped grooves in a cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid placed symmetrically with respect to an axis perpendicular to the longest of its sides symmetrically with respect to a central axis perpendicular to the area of the walls of the largest area.

[0033] Alternatively, in the building element, the tongue of the third shape in cross-section approximating an isosceles trapezoid has arms composed of two segments forming an obtuse angle, and its longer base is closer to the center of the building element, which is parallel to the shorter edge of the walls of the larger area of the building element, and the groove of the third shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid has arms composed of two segments forming an obtuse angle and its shorter base is closer to the center of the building element and is parallel to the shorter edge of the walls of the larger area of the building element.

[0034] Another possibility is that on the first wall with a smaller area of the building element there are placed alternately: the first tongue of the third shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid, the first groove of the third shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid, the second tongue of the third shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid, the second groove of the third shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid, while on the second wall of the smaller area of the building element it has symmetrically axially about the central axis perpendicular to the surface of the walls of the largest area placed: a first groove with a third shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid, a first tongue with a third shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid, a second groove with a third shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid, a second tongue with a third shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid.

[0035] Alternatively, on the first wall of the smaller area of the building element, the first tongue of the third shape in the cross-sectional area approximating an isosceles trapezoid, the first groove of the third shape in the cross-sectional area approximating an isosceles trapezoid, the second groove of the third shape in the cross-sectional area approximating an isosceles trapezoid, the second tongue of the third shape in the cross-sectional area approximating an isosceles trapezoid are placed successively, and on the second wall of the smaller area of the building element, the following are placed successively: first tongue with a third shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid, first groove with a third shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid, second groove with a third shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid, second tongue with a third shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid.

[0036] The use of building elements with the possibility of mechanical joining on vertical and horizontal surfaces, has a number of advantages over building technologies known from the state of the art.

[0037] The building elements, according to the invention, provide structural stability through the horizontal and vertical arrangement of tongue-and-grooves between building elements, which helps to distribute loads evenly and prevent shifting of elements between each other. In addition, weather resistance is increased - the tongue-and-groove joints form a barrier against moisture, air penetration and other weather conditions. This helps prevent dampness, air leakage and damage caused by environmental factors, improving the durability and weather resistance of the building block.

[0038] With the use of building elements according to the invention, installation time and labor costs are reduced, as connecting elements - tongue and groove joints - facilitate faster and more efficient installation of building elements in the building wall. Mechanical joints eliminate the need for additional fasteners or adhesives and mortars, reducing labor costs and construction time compared to state-of-the-art methods.

[0039] Moreover, the aesthetics of the structure are improved with the proposed solution, as clean, uniform lines are created between building elements through tongue-and-groove joints, resulting in favorable aesthetic effects on vertical surfaces, which improves the architectural appearance of the structure and contributes to the consistent refinement of the design.

[0040] In addition, the building element according to the invention improves insulation and energy efficiency, as the tongue and groove joints help minimize air leaks, contributing to improved insulation and energy efficiency of the building. This can lead to reduced heating and cooling loads, lower energy consumption and improved comfort for occupants.

[0041] With the solution according to the invention, the airtightness, insulation and fire resistance of the partition are improved, as the tongue-and-groove arrangement on the vertical surfaces of the building elements benefit from the fire tightness resulting from reduced migration of warm air and smoke. The improvement of fire tightness and fire insulation is understood by improving the ability of the structure to withstand the impact of fire on one side without the transfer of fire to the unheated side due to the penetration of flames or hot gases. The fire resistance under the continuous load of the partition or during an impact is increased due to additional elements connecting the partition in the vertical plane.Definitions

[0042] The building element is made of concrete, lightweight concrete, aggregate lightweight concrete, cellular concrete, microporous concrete, or other ceramic, polymer, metal, wood, or hybrid and composite materials.

[0043] The building element on its vertical walls with smaller surfaces comprises at least one connecting element. One connecting element formed on one wall with a smaller surface area of one building element connects inseparably with a corresponding shape of a second connecting element formed on a second wall with a smaller surface area of a second building element of the same type. Thus, a building element of the same type within the meaning of the present invention means that the given building element has a tongue or tongue-and-groove arrangement (of the selected shape) on the second wall of the smaller area, and a corresponding tongue or tongue-and-groove arrangement (of the selected shape) on the first wall of the smaller area, such that, the tongue or tongue-and-groove arrangement of one building element placed on the second wall with a smaller area is permanently connected to the tongue or tongue-and-groove arrangement placed on the first wall with a smaller area of the adjacent second building element, and the tongue or tongue-ang-groove arrangement of the second building element placed on the second wall with a smaller area is connected to the tongue or tongue-and-groove arrangement of the first wall with a smaller area of the third adjacent building element. A building element of one type of tongue-and-groove system is erected by at least one typo-series of the built structure. The type of tongue-and-groove system refers to the selected tongue and / or groove shape placed on a building element of a given type.

[0044] Connecting elements refer to elements formed in walls with a smaller area in the building element. This is tongue and groove, or any multiple of them, as well as alternating any arrangement of them.

[0045] The terms "first", "second", "one", "second", "third" used in the description and claims of the patent are used to distinguish similar elements, not to describe a sequential or chronological order. It should be understood that the terms used in this manner are interchangeable in appropriate circumstances, and that the embodiments of the invention described herein have the possibility of operating in other sequences than those described or illustrated herein. According to the invention, it is possible that the first wall with a smaller surface area will contain, for example, only one tongue, or one tongue and one groove, or any arrangement thereof, while the second wall with a smaller surface area will be formed suitably to accept the connecting elements located on the first wall with a smaller surface area.

[0046] For the sake of a better understanding of the embodiments described in the following examples they are reduced to the relevant essential information, and the illustrations shown in the figures are very schematic and do not reflect real conditions. First of all, the proportions shown in the figures do not correspond to real conditions and are for illustrative purposes only.

[0047] The examples show preferred embodiments, to which, however, the invention should by no means be limited. In particular, the various example embodiments are not limited to use in the form described. In order to improve the effects, it is possible to combine them with each other.Brief description of the figures

[0048] The present invention will be understood and appreciated more fully on the basis of the following detailed description in conjunction with the drawing, in which: Fig. 1ashows an axonometric view of a building element according to the first example embodiment; a view of a second wall with a smaller area of a building element according to the first example embodiment; Fig. 1bshows a view of the first wall with a smaller area of the building element according to the first example embodiment; Fig. 1cshows a view of a building element according to the first example embodiment in side view, with the building element positioned on the second wall with a larger area; Fig. 1dshows a view of a building element according to the first example embodiment in top view and in cross-section parallel to walls of smaller area; Fig. 1eshows a view of a building element according to the first example embodiment in side view, with the building element positioned on the first wall with a larger area; Fig. 1fshows a building element according to the first example embodiment in bottom view; Fig. 1gshows a building element according to the first example embodiment in axonometric view, bottom view, with the second wall of smaller area with groove shown here; Fig. 1hshows in axonometric view a building element according to the first example embodiment, bottom view, with the first wall with smaller area with tongue shown here; Fig. 2ashows in axonometric view a building element according to the second example embodiment; a view of the second wall with a smaller area of the building element according to the second example embodiment; Fig. 2bshows a view of the first wall with a smaller area of the building element according to the second example embodiment; Fig. 2cshows a view of a building element according to the second example embodiment in top view and in cross section parallel to the walls with smaller area; Fig. 3ashows an axonometric view of a building element according to the third example embodiment; a view of the second wall with a smaller area of the building element according to the third example embodiment; Fig. 3bshows a view of the first wall with a smaller area of the building element according to the third example embodiment; Fig. 3cshows a view of a building element according to the third example embodiment in top view and in cross section parallel to the walls with smaller area; Fig. 4ashows an axonometric view of a building element according to the fourth example embodiment; a view of the second wall of a smaller area of a building element according to the fourth example embodiment; Fig. 4bshows a view of the first wall with a smaller area of the building element according to the fourth example embodiment; Fig. 4cshows a view of the building element according to the fourth example embodiment in top view and in cross section parallel to the walls with smaller area; Fig. 5ashows an axonometric view of the building element according to the fifth example embodiment; a view of the second wall of the smaller area of the building element according to the fifth example embodiment; Fig. 5bshows a view of the first wall with a smaller area of the building element according to the fifth example embodiment; Fig. 5cshows a view of a building element according to the fifth example embodiment in top view and in cross section parallel to the walls with smaller area; Fig. 6ashows an axonometric view of the building element according to the sixth example embodiment; a view of the second wall of the smaller area of the building element according to the sixth example embodiment; Fig. 6bshows a view of the first wall with a smaller area of the building element according to the sixth example embodiment; Fig. 6cshows a view of a building element according to the sixth example embodiment in top view and in cross section parallel to the walls with smaller area; Fig. 7ashows an axonometric view of a building element according to the seventh example embodiment; a view of the second wall of a smaller area of a building element according to the seventh example embodiment; Fig. 7bshows a view of the first wall with a smaller area of the building element according to the seventh example embodiment; Fig. 7cshows a view of a building element according to the seventh example embodiment in top view and in cross section parallel to the walls with smaller area; Fig. 8ashows an axonometric view of a building element according to the eighth example embodiment; a view of the second wall of the smaller area of a building element according to the eighth example embodiment; Fig. 8bshows a view of the first wall with a smaller area of the building element according to the eighth example embodiment; Fig. 8cshows a view of a building element according to the eighth example embodiment in top view and in cross section parallel to the walls with smaller area; Fig. 9ashows an axonometric view of the building element according to the ninth example embodiment; view of the second wall with a smaller area of the building element according to the ninth example embodiment; Fig. 9bshows a view of the first wall of the smaller area of the building element according to the ninth example embodiment; Fig. 9cshows a view of the building element according to the ninth example embodiment in top view and in cross section parallel to the walls with smaller area; Fig. 10ashows an axonometric view of the building element according to the tenth example embodiment; a view of the second wall with smaller area of a building element according to the tenth example embodiment; Fig. 10bshows a view of the first wall with a smaller area of the building element according to the tenth example embodiment; Fig. 10cshows the view of the building element according to the tenth example embodiment in a top view and in cross section parallel to the walls with smaller area; Fig. 11ashows an axonometric view of the building element according to the eleventh example embodiment; a view of the second wall with smaller area of the building element according to the eleventh example embodiment; Fig. 11bshows a view of the first wall with a smaller area of a building element according to the eleventh example embodiment; Fig. 11cshows a view of a building element according to the eleventh example embodiment in top view and in cross section parallel to the walls with smaller area; Fig. 12ashows an axonometric view of a building element according to the twelfth embodiment example; a view of the second wall with smaller area of a building element according to the twelfth example embodiment; Fig. 12bshows a view of the first wall with a smaller area of a building element according to the twelfth example embodiment; Fig. 12cshows the view of the building element according to the twelfth example embodiment in top view and in cross section parallel to the walls with smaller area; Fig. 13ashows an axonometric view of a building element according to the thirteenth example embodiment; a view of the second wall with smaller area of the building element according to the thirteenth embodiment example; Fig. 13bshows the view of the first wall with a smaller area of a building element according to the thirteenth example embodiment; Fig. 13cshows the view of the building element according to the thirteenth example embodiment in top view and in cross section parallel to the walls of the smaller area.

[0049] In the following description, example embodiments are given of a building element and a set of many different building elements having on vertical walls an arrangement connecting building elements of the same type.

[0050] However, it should be strongly emphasized that the examples described below are not intended to limit the scope of protection, but only to illustrate one of the many possible applications of the present invention. The present invention is applicable wherever a building element with a tongue-and-groove connecting system is required. The construction of the upper and lower larger surfaces of the building element can be of any kind, having recesses, splines and inter-spaces at any locations, which can affect the geometry of the tongue-and-groove system. In such cases, the shortening of the elements of the tongue-and-groove system is adjusted to the shape of the recesses, splines and sprue spaces of the upper and lower larger surface of the given building element.Detailed description of the invention

[0051] This description shows example embodiments of building elements that have differently formed vertical walls of smaller area. Advantageously, at least one tongue is formed in the first wall with a smaller area, while at least one groove is formed in the second wall with a smaller area. According to the invention, the building elements can be made of concrete, lightweight concrete, aggregate lightweight concrete, cellular concrete or microporous concrete, or other ceramic, polymeric, metal, wood, or hybrid and composite materials. Preferably, the building element has a dimension of length in the range of 1 to 5000 mm, width in the range of 1 to 5000 mm and height in the range of 1 to 1500 mm, more preferably when the length-to-width ratio of the element is in the range of 10:1, 9:1; 8:1, 7:1 6.1; 5:1, 4:1, 3:1; 2:1, 1:1, most preferably when the length-to-width ratio of the element is 2:1 or 1:1, with no limitation on the height of the element.

[0052] Building elements, 101-113, of one type form a type series. The building elements, 101-113, have a form similar to that of a rectangular block and have on their vertical walls, 1A, 2A, tongues and grooves forming a tongue-and-groove arrangement. A second wall with a larger surface area, also referred to as the bottom surface, 2C, of one building element, 101-113, in part or in whole lies on the first wall with a larger surface area, 1C, of the other building element, 101-113, also referred to as the top surface, in part or in whole, whereby the existing splines, 2C, on the bottom surface, 2F, cooperate with the existing splines, 1C, on the top surface, 1G. Side walls with a smaller surface area, also referred to as vertical walls, 1A, 2A, of adjacent building elements, 101-113, connect to each other through a tongue-and-groove arrangement. Connecting elements placed on the first vertical wall, 1A, of one building element connect with connecting elements placed on the second vertical wall, 2A, of a second building element of the same type. By connecting element is meant a tongue and / or groove.

[0053] According to the invention, the building element, 101-113, is a cuboid. For example, on its first wall with a larger surface area, 1C, it has two splines, 1D, 1D' and a spline, 1E, which together form a shape similar to the letter "H". Between them, a flat bottom surface, also known as the spline space, 1G, is formed. On the other hand, on its second wall with a larger surface, 2C, the building element, 101-113, has four splines 2F located at its corners. At the same time, the construction of the upper and lower larger surface, 1C, 2C, of the building element, 101-113, may be arbitrary and is not an object of the invention.

[0054] For example, according to the invention, the building element, 101-113, has two moldings, 1B, 2B. The first molding, 1B, located on the first wall with a smaller surface area, 1A, and the second molding, 2B, located on the second wall with a smaller surface area, 2A, are located in the middle part, these moldings, 1B, 2B, arising from the inter-spline space, 2G, of the building element, 101-113, located between two grooves, 2F, placed on the second wall with a larger surface area, 2C, of the building element, 101-113.

[0055] Fig.1a- Fig. 1h show the building element, 101, according to the first example embodiment in axonometric view, side, front and rear views, top and bottom, in cross-section parallel to the walls of smaller area, with a tongue, 2, which has a shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid, and a groove, 3, which has a shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid. Fig. 1a shows a building element, 101, in a view showing in the foreground a second vertical wall of smaller area, 2A, with one groove, 3, which has a gouge, 3a, formed by the combination of a truncated pyramid and a cuboid. The gouge, 3a, in the second vertical wall of the smaller area, 2A, begins with a gouge in the shape of a truncated pyramid and then a cuboid. Formed by grooving the two geometric figures, the groove, 3, is shaped in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid. On the other hand, Fig. 1b shows the first vertical wall of a smaller area, 1A, with one tongue, 2, placed on it, which has a shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid. The tongue, 2, has a molding, 2a, formed by the combination of a cuboid and a truncated pyramid, with the cuboid first placed on the first vertical wall of the smaller area, 1A, followed by the truncated pyramid. The base of the truncated pyramid is adjacent to the surface of the longer side of the cuboid. Formed by joining two geometric figures, the tongue, 2, is shaped in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid. Fig. 1c shows a side view of the building element, 101-113. The lines show on one side the gouge of the groove, 3, and on the other side the protruding tongue, 2. From Fig. 1b and Fig. 1d it can be seen that the tongue, 2, placed on the first wall with a smaller surface, 1A, in the middle part is aligned with the first molding, 1B, of the building element, 101, as the tongue, 2, is placed on the extension of the inter-spline space, 2G, of the building element, 101, located between the two grooves, 2F, placed on the bottom surface, 2C, of the building element, 101. Similarly, the groove, 3, shown in Fig. 1a and Fig. 1d, located on the second wall with a smaller surface, 2A, is shaped to match the second molding, 2B, due to its placement on an extension of the inter-spline space, 2G, of the building element, 101, located between the two grooves, 2F, occurring on the opposite side of the bottom surface, 2C, of the building element, 101. Fig. 1e shows a side view of the building element, 101-113, with the building element, 101-103, rotated by 180° than in Fig. 1c. Also shown here with lines are the gouge of the groove, 3, and the tongue contouring, 2. Fig. 1f reveals one of the many possibilities for the construction element, 101-113, of its second wall with a larger surface area, 2C. For example, the building element may have four splines, 2F, and between them a flat space also referred to as an inter-spline space, 2G. Fig. 1f discloses one of many possibilities for shaping the moldings of splines, 2F, of a second wall with a larger surface area, 2C, which is not an object of the invention. Fig. 1g shows an axonometric view of a building element, 101-113, of a second wall with a larger surface area, 2C, and a second wall with a smaller surface area, 2A. Clearly visible here is the second spline, 2B, formed by the edge location of the four splines, 2F, and the inter-spline space, 2G, running between them. Between the two splines, 2F, located at the second wall with a smaller area, 2A, and between the two splines, 2F, located at the first wall with a smaller area, 1A, the inter-spline space, 2G, is narrower than between one spline, 2F, located at the first wall with a smaller area, 1A, and the second spline, 2F, located at the second wall with a smaller area, 2A. Fig. 1h, on the other hand, shows the tongue, 2, with the molding, 2a. Also shown here is the same relationship as in Fig. 1g, namely, that the first molding, 1B, is formed from the edge location of the two splines, 2F, and the inter-spline space, 2G, running between them.

[0056] According to the invention, according to the first example embodiment, the first wall of the smaller area, 1A, of the building element, 101, has symmetrically with respect to the axis perpendicular to its longer sides placed at least one tongue, 2, with a shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid. The arms of the isosceles trapezoid are composed of two segments forming an obtuse angle and the longer base is closer to the center of the building element, 101, and is parallel to the shorter edge of the walls of the larger area, 1C, 2C, of the building element, 101. The other opposite wall of the smaller area, 2A, of the building element, 101, has symmetrically with respect to the axis perpendicular to its longer sides placed at least one groove, 3. The shape of the groove, 3, is in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid, the arms of which are composed of two segments forming an obtuse angle and the shorter base is located closer to the center of the building element, 101, and is parallel to the shorter edge of the walls of the larger area, 1C, 2C, of the building element, 101. The tongue, 2, placed on the first vertical wall of the smaller area, 1A, of one building element, 101, is connected to the groove, 3, placed on the second vertical wall of the smaller area, 2A, of the other building element, 101, of the same type. The tongue, 2, located on the first, vertical wall of smaller area, 1A, of one building element, 101, connects to the groove, 3, located on the second, vertical wall of smaller area, 2A, of the second building element, 101, of the same type.

[0057] Fig. 2 shows a building element, 102, according to the second example embodiment, in axonometric, side, front and rear, top and bottom views, with a tongue, 4, with a shape in cross-section close to a rectangle, and a groove, 5, with a shape in cross-section close to a rectangle. Fig. 2a shows a building element, 102, in a view showing in the foreground a second vertical wall of smaller area, 2A, with one groove, 5, having a shape in cross-section close to a rectangle. Fig. 2b, on the other hand, shows the first vertical wall of a smaller area, 1A, with one tongue, 4, placed on it, with a shape in cross-section close to a rectangle. On the shoulders of the tongue, 4, there is a molding, 4a, which allows it to connect with a groove, 5a, of the groove, 5, appropriately matching this molding, 4a. From Fig. 2b and Fig. 2c it can be seen that the tongue, 4, placed on the first wall with a smaller surface, 1A, in the middle part is contoured due to the placement of the tongue, 4, on the extension of the spline space, 2G, of the building element, 102, located between the two splines, 2F, placed on the bottom surface, 2C, of the building element, 102. Similarly, the groove, 5, placed on the second wall with a smaller surface, 2A, shown in Fig. 2a and Fig. 2c is shorter due to its positioning on the extension of the spline space, 2G, of the building element, 102, located between the two splines, 2F, located on the opposite side of the bottom surface, 2C, of the building element, 102. According to the invention, in the second example embodiment, the first wall of the smaller surface, 1A, of the building element, 102, has symmetrically with respect to an axis perpendicular to its longer sides placed at least one tongue, 4, having a shape in cross-section close to a rectangle. The longer sides of the tongue, 4, close in shape to a rectangle are parallel to the shorter edge of the walls of the larger area, 1C, 2C, of the building element, 102. The second wall of the smaller area, 2A, of the building element, 102, has symmetrically with respect to the axis perpendicular to its longer sides placed at least one groove, 5, similar in shape in cross-section to a rectangle. The longer sides of the groove, 5, are parallel to the shorter edge of the walls of the larger area, 1C, 2C, of the building element, 102. The tongue, 4, placed on the first vertical wall of the smaller area, 1A, of one building element, 102, connects to the groove, 5, placed on the second vertical wall of the smaller area, 2A, of a second building element, 103, of the same type.

[0058] Fig. 3a-Fig. 3c show the building element, 103, according to the third example embodiment, in axonometric, side, front and top views, with the tongue, 6, having a shape in cross-section approximating an isosceles trapezoid, and the groove, 7, having a shape in cross-section approximating an isosceles trapezoid. To the third example embodiment, the above description regarding the contouring of the tongue, 6, and the spline, 7, applies, due to their placement on the extension of the spline space, 2G, of the building element, 103, located between the two splines, 2F, located on the bottom surface, 2C, of the building element, 103, as shown in Fig. 3c, as well as in Figs. 3a and 3b. According to the third example embodiment, the first wall of the smaller surface, 1A, of the building element, 103, has symmetrically with respect to the axis perpendicular to its longer sides placed at least one tongue, 6, having a shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid. The shorter base of the tongue, 6, having a shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid, is located closer to the center of the building element, 103, and is parallel to the shorter edge of the walls of the larger area, 1C, 2C, of the building element, 103. The second wall of the smaller area, 2A, of the building element, 103, has symmetrically with respect to the axis perpendicular to its longer sides placed at least one groove, 7, having a shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid. The longer base of the groove, 7, having a shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid, is located closer to the center of the building element, 103, and is parallel to the shorter edge of the walls of the largest area, 1C, 2C, of the building element, 103. The tongue, 6, placed on the first vertical wall of the smaller area, 1A, of one building element, 103, connects to the groove, 7, placed on the second vertical wall of the smaller area, 2A, of a second building element, 103, of the same type.

[0059] Fig. 4a - Fig. 4c show the building element, 104, according to the fourth example embodiment, in axonometric, side and top views, with the tongue, 8, having a shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid and with the groove, 9, having a shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid. For the fourth example embodiment, the above description regarding the contouring of the tongue, 8, and the spline, 9, applies, due to their positioning on the extension of the spline space, 2G, of the building element, 104, located between the two splines, 2F, located on the bottom surface, 2C, of the building element, 104, as shown in Fig. 4c, as well as in Figs. 4a and 4b. According to the fourth example embodiment, the first wall of the smaller surface, 1A, of the building element, 104, has at least one tongue, 8, placed symmetrically with respect to an axis perpendicular to its longer sides. The tongue, 8, has the same shape as the tongue, 6, of the building element, 103, with the two tongues having a slightly different contouring. The tongue, 8, has a double contouring, 8a, compared to the tongue, 6, according to the third example. Fig. 4b shows the first vertical wall of smaller area, 1A, with one tongue, 8, placed thereon. The tongue, 8, has a contouring, 8a, formed by making two truncated pyramids, with the smaller base of the first truncated pyramid adjacent to the first vertical wall of smaller area, 1A, and the larger base of the first truncated pyramid adjacent to the smaller base of the second truncated pyramid. The resulting two geometric figures, tongue, 8, is shaped in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid. Fig. 4a highlights the gouge, 9a, made from the two truncated pyramids. The gouge, 9a, in the second vertical wall with a smaller area, 2A, is formed from the gouge of two truncated pyramids. The gouge is started from the larger base of the second truncated pyramid up to the smaller base of the second truncated pyramid, and then the first truncated prism, adjacent with its larger base to the smaller base of the second truncated pyramid, is selected. Formed by grooving the two geometric figures, the groove, 9, is of a shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid. Thus, similarly, the groove, 9, in the fourth example embodiment is the same as the groove, 7, of the third example embodiment, only the gouge, 9a, of the groove, 9, in the second wall of the smaller area, 2A, of the building element, 104, is deeper - matching to accept the contouring, 8a, of the tongue, 8, of the first wall of the smaller area, 1A, of the building element, 104.

[0060] Thus, the tongue, 8, having a shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid, has arms composed of two segments forming a concave angle, the shorter base of which is closer to the center of the building element, 104, and is parallel to the shorter edge of the walls of the larger area, 1C, 2C, of the building element, 104. The groove, 9, having a shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid, has arms composed of two segments forming a concave angle, whose longer base of the isosceles trapezoid is closer to the center of the building element, 104, and is parallel to the shorter edge of the walls of the larger area, 1C, 2C, of the building element,104.

[0061] The tongue, 8, located on the first vertical wall of the smaller area, 1A, of one building element, 104, is connected to the groove, 9, located on the second vertical wall of the smaller area, 2A, of the other building element, 104, of the same type.

[0062] Fig. 5a - Fig. 5c show the building element, 105, according to the fifth example embodiment, in axonometric, side and top views, with the tongue, 10, having a shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid, and the groove, 11, having a shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid. For the fifth example embodiment, the above description regarding the contouring of the tongue, 10, and the groove, 11, applies, due to their placement on the extension of the spline space, 2G, of the building element, 105, located between the two splines, 2F, located on the bottom surface, 2C, of the building element, 105, as shown in Fig. 5c, as well as in Figs. 5a and 5b. On the other hand, according to the fifth example embodiment, the first wall of the smaller surface, 1A, of the building element, 105, has symmetrically with respect to the axis perpendicular to its longer sides a single tongue, 10, placed thereon, which has a shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid, the longer base of which is closer to the center of the building element, 105, and is parallel to the shorter edge of the walls of the larger surface, 1C, 2C, of the building element, 105, and the other wall of the smaller area, 2A, of the building element, 105, has symmetrically with respect to the axis perpendicular to its longer sides placed at least one groove, 11, with a shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid, whose shorter base is closer to the center of the building element, 105, and is parallel to the shorter edge of the walls of the larger area, 1C, 2C, of the building element, 105. The tongue, 10, located on the first vertical wall of the smaller area, 1A, of one building element, 105, is connected to the groove, 11, located on the second vertical wall of the smaller area, 2A, of the other building element, 105, of the same type.

[0063] Fig. 6a - Fig. 6c show a building element, 106, according to the sixth example embodiment, in axonometric, side, front and rear, top and bottom views, with two tongues, 10, having a shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid, and with two grooves, 11. Fig. 6b shows a building element, 106, with two tongues, 10, placed on the first vertical wall of a smaller area, 1A. The two tongues, 10, are of a shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid, whose longer base is closer to the center of the building element, 106, and is parallel to the shorter edge of the walls of the larger area, 1C, 2C, of the building element, 106. The tongues, 10, are parallel to each other and have the same dimensions, including their length corresponding to the length of the vertical wall of the smaller area, 1A, of the building element, 106. A set of two grooves, 11, corresponding to the tongues, 10, placed on the first vertical wall of the smaller area, 2A, of the same building element, 106, is placed symmetrically axially with respect to a central axis perpendicular to the surfaces of the walls, 1C, 2C, of the larger area of the building element, 106. The grooves, 11, are parallel to each other and have the same dimensions, including their length corresponding to the length of the vertical wall of the smaller area, 2A, of the building element, 106. The set of tongues, 10, placed on the first vertical wall of the smaller area, 1A, of one building element, 106, is connected to the set of grooves, 11, placed on the second vertical wall of the smaller area, 2A, of the other building element, 106, of the same type.

[0064] Fig. 7a-7c show the building element, 107, according to the seventh example embodiment, in axonometric view - 7a, 7b, side and top views - Fig. 7c. Fig. 7a-Fig. 7c disclose a building element, 107, with one tongue, 10, and one groove, 11, located on the first, vertical, smaller wall with a smaller area, 1A. The tongue, 10, is shaped in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid whose longer base is closer to the center of the building element, 107, and is parallel to the shorter edge of the walls of the larger area, 1C, 2C, of the building element, 107. The groove, 11, is shaped in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid whose shorter base is closer to the center of the building element, 107, and is parallel to the shorter edge of the walls of the larger area, 1C, 2C, of the building element, 107. On the opposite, second, vertical, smaller wall, 2A, is located axially symmetrical with respect to a central axis perpendicular to the surface of the walls of the larger surface, 1C, 2C, of the building element, 107, a tongue set, 10, and groove set, 11, corresponding in shape. In the present example embodiment, the set of tongue, 10, and groove, 11, placed on the second, vertical, wall of the smaller area, 2A, is arranged in the same order as on the first wall of the smaller area, 1A, of the building element, 107. The shape / outline of the set of tongue, 10, and groove, 11, of the second wall, 2A, corresponds in shape to the tongue, 10, and groove, 11, of the building element, 107, placed on the first wall of the smaller area, 1A.

[0065] Fig. 8a- Fig. 8c show the building element, 108, according to the eighth example embodiment, in axonometric, side and top views with three tongues, 10, located on the first vertical wall of the smaller area, 1A. The three tongues, 10, are of a shape in cross-section similar to an isosceles trapezoid, the longer base of which is closer to the center of the building element, 108, and is parallel to the shorter edge of the walls of the larger area, 1C, 2C, of the building element, 108. The two, outer tongues, 10, are parallel to each other and have the same dimensions. The middle tongue, 10, located between the two outer tongues, 10, is shorter at the edge with the bottom surface, 2C, as it is located at the extension of the interstitial space, 2G, of the building element, 108, located between the two splines, 2F. A set of three grooves, 11, corresponding to the tongues, 10, located on the first vertical wall of the smaller area, 1A, is placed on the second wall, opposite, with a smaller area, 2A, of the same building element, 108, symmetrically axially with respect to a central axis perpendicular to the wall surfaces, 1C, 2C, of the larger area of the building element, 108. The set of tongues, 10, placed on the first vertical wall with a smaller surface area, 1A, of one building element, 108, is connected to the set of grooves, 11, placed on the second vertical wall with a smaller surface area, 2A, of a second building element, 108, of the same type.

[0066] Fig. 9a- Fig. 9c show the building element, 109, according to the ninth example embodiment, in axonometric, side and top views. Fig. 9a shows the building element, 109, in a view showing in the foreground a second vertical wall of smaller area, 2A, with one tongue, 10, having a shape in cross-section approximating an isosceles trapezoid, and two grooves, 11, having a shape in cross-section approximating an isosceles trapezoid, placed on both sides of the tongue, 10, parallel to it. Fig. 9b, on the other hand, shows the first vertical wall with a smaller surface area, 1A, with two tongues, 10, and one groove, 11, respectively placed thereon. From Fig. 9a and Fig. 9b, it can be seen that the tongue, 10, placed on the first wall with a smaller surface area, 1A, is shorter due to its placement on the extension of the interstitial space, 2G, of the building element, 109, located between the two splines, 2F. Similarly, placed on the second wall with a smaller surface area, 2A, the groove, 11, is shorter due to its placement on the extension of the interstitial space, 2G, of the building element, 109, located between the two splines, 2F, located on the opposite side of the bottom surface, 2C, of the building element, 109. A set of one tongue, 10, and two grooves, 11, corresponding to the set of one tongue, 10, and two grooves, 11, located on the first wall of the smaller area, 1A, is therefore placed on the second wall of the smaller area, 2A axially symmetrically with respect to a central axis perpendicular to the surface of the walls of the larger area, 1C, 2C, of the building element, 109. Tongues, 10, according to the ninth example embodiment, having a shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid, have a longer base located closer to the center of the building element, 109, and it is parallel to the shorter edge of the walls of the larger area, 1C, 2C, of the building element, 109. On the other hand, the grooves, 11, having a shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid, have a shorter base located closer to the center of the building element, 109, and it is parallel to the shorter edge of the walls of the larger area, 1C, 2C, of the building element, 109. A set of tongues, 10, and groove, 11, located on the first vertical wall of smaller area, 1A, of one building element, 109, is connected to a set of grooves, 11, and tongue, 10, located on the second vertical wall of smaller area, 2A, of a second building element, 109, of the same type.

[0067] Fig. 10a - Fig. 10c show the building element, 110, according to the tenth example embodiment in axonometric, side and top views. Fig. 10a shows the building element, 110, in a view showing in the foreground a second vertical wall of smaller area, 2A, with four grooves, 11', with a shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid. Fig. 10b, on the other hand, shows the first vertical wall of a smaller area, 1A, with four tongues, 10', on it, with a shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid. It can be seen from Fig. 10b and Fig. 10c that the two tongues, 10'a, of four placed on the first wall of the smaller area, 1A, are partially shorter due to their placement on the extension of the interstitial space, 2G, of the building element, 110, located between the two grooves, 2F, placed on the bottom surface, 2C, of the building element, 110. Similarly, the two grooves, 1 1'a, of four placed on the second wall of the smaller area, 2A, shown in Fig. 10a and Fig. 10c are shorter due to their placement on the extension of the interstitial space, 2G, of the building element, 110, located between the two grooves, 1F, located on the opposite side of the bottom surface, 2C, of the building element, 110. The two outer tongues, 10'b, placed on the first wall with a smaller surface, 1A, and the two outer grooves, 11'b, placed on the second wall with a smaller surface, 2A, have a length corresponding to the length of the vertical walls with a smaller surface, 1A, 2A. The four tongues, 10', are shaped in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid and have a longer base closer to the center of the building element, 110, which is parallel to the shorter edge of the walls of the larger area, 1C, 2C, of the building element, 110. A set of four grooves, 11', corresponding to the four tongues, 10', located on the first vertical wall of the smaller area, 1A, is placed on the second, opposite, wall of the smaller area, 2A, of the same building element, 110, symmetrically axially with respect to a central axis perpendicular to the surface of the walls, 1C, 2C, of the larger area of the building element, 110. A set of tongues, 10', placed on the first vertical wall of smaller area, 1A, of one building element, 110, is combined with a set of grooves, 11', placed on the second vertical wall of smaller area, 2A, of a second building element, 110, of the same type.

[0068] Fig. 11a - Fig. 11b show the building element, 111, according to the eleventh example embodiment in axonometric, side and top views. Fig. 11a shows the building element, 111, in a view showing a second vertical wall with a smaller area, 2A, with two tongue and two grooves. According to this example embodiment, the connecting elements are placed on the second wall of smaller area, 2A, alternately as follows: the first groove, 11"a, having a shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid, where its shorter base is closer to the center of the building element, 111, and is parallel to the shorter edge of the walls of the larger area, 1C, 2C, of the building element, 111, the first tongue, 10"a, with a shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid, whose longer base is closer to the center of the building element, 111, and is parallel to the shorter edge of the walls of the larger area, 1C, 2C, of the building element, 111, second groove, 11"b, with a shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid, where its shorter base is closer to the center of the building element, 111, and is parallel to the shorter edge of the walls of the larger area, 1C, 2C, of the building element, 111, with a shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid the second tongue, 10"b, with a shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid, the longer base of which is closer to the center of the building element, 111, and is parallel to the shorter edge of the walls of the larger area, 1C, 2C, of the building element, 111.

[0069] On the other hand, Fig. 11b and Fig. 11c show the first vertical wall of a smaller area, 1A, with connecting elements placed on it in a different, alternating order: first tongue, 10"b, first groove, 11"b, second tongue, 10"a, second groove, 11 "a. The connecting elements, 10", 11", are of a shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid. The connecting elements, 10", 11", on the two walls with a smaller area, 1A, 2A, are placed in a different order. From Fig. 11b and Fig. 11c, it can be seen that placed on the first wall with a smaller surface, 1A, the first groove, 11"b, and the second tongue, 10'a, are partially shorter due to their placement on the extension of the interstitial space of the building element, 111, located between the two grooves, 2F, placed on the bottom surface, 2C, of the building element, 111. Likewise, placed on the second wall with a smaller surface area, 2A, the first tongue, 10"a, and the second groove, 11"b, shown in Fig. 11a and Fig. 11c are shorter due to their placement on an extension of the interstitial space, 2G, of the building element, 111, located between the two grooves, 2F, located on the opposite side of the bottom surface, 2C, of the building element, 111.

[0070] By inserting connecting elements in an alternating manner on each wall of smaller area, 1A, 2A, two building elements of the same type are connected to each other. In the first vertical wall of the smaller area, 1A, of one building element, 111, connecting elements, 10", 11", located on the second vertical wall of the smaller area, 2A, of the other building element, 111, of the same type are inserted. Thus, according to the eleventh example embodiment, the first tongue, 10"a, of the first wall of smaller area, 1A, enters the first groove, 11"a, of the second wall of smaller area, 2A, the first groove 11"b of the first wall, 1A, enters the first tongue, 10"a, of the second wall, 2A, the second tongue, 10"a, of the first wall, 1A, enters the second groove, 11"b, of the second wall, 2A, while the second groove, 11"a, of the first wall with a smaller area, 1A, enters the second tongue, 10"b, of the second wall, 2A. On each, opposite, wall of the smaller area, 1A, 2A, of the same building element, 111, is placed symmetrically axially about a central axis perpendicular to the surface of the walls, 1C, 2C, of the larger area of the building element, 111, a set of alternately placed two tongues, 10", and two grooves, 11". The set of alternately positioned two tongues, 10", and two grooves, 11", of the first wall with a smaller surface area, 1A, corresponds in shape / outline to the set of alternately positioned two tongues, 10", and two grooves, 11", of the second wall with a smaller surface area, 2A.

[0071] Fig.12a - Fig.12c show a building element according to the twelfth example embodiment in axonometric, side and top views. Fig.12a shows the building element, 112, in a view showing in the foreground a second vertical wall of smaller area, 2A, with two tongues, 10‴, and two grooves, 11‴. According to this example embodiment, the connecting elements, 10'", 11'", are placed on the second wall of the smaller area, 2A, alternately as follows: the first groove, 11‴a, having a shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid, wherein its shorter base is closer to the center of the building element, 112, and is parallel to the shorter edge of the walls of the larger area, 1C, 2C, of the building element, 112, the first tongue, 10'''a, with a shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid, wherein its longer base is closer to the center of the building element, 112, and is parallel to the shorter edge of the walls of the larger area, 1C, 2C, of the building element, 112, the second tongue, 10'''b, with a shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid, wherein its longer base is closer to the center of the building element, 112, and is parallel to the shorter edge of the walls of the larger area, 1C, 2C, of the building element, 112, a second groove, 11‴b, having a shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid, wherein its shorter base is closer to the center of the building element, 112, and is parallel to the shorter edge of the walls of the larger area, 1C, 2C of the building element, 112.

[0072] On the other hand, Fig. 12b and Fig. 12c show the first vertical wall with a smaller area, 1A, with connecting elements placed on it in a different, alternating order: first tongue, 10‴a, first groove, 11‴a, second groove, 11‴b, second tongue, 10"'b. The connecting elements, 10"'a, 11‴b, are of a shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid. The connecting elements, 10'", 11'", on both walls with a smaller area, 1A, 2A, are placed in a different order. From Fig. 12b and Fig. 12c, it can be seen that the two grooves, 11‴a, 11‴b, placed on the first wall with a smaller surface, 1A, are partially shorter due to their placement on the extension of the interstitial space, 2G, of the building element, 112, located between the two splines, 2F, placed on the bottom surface, 2C, of the building element, 112. In the same way, the two tongues, 10‴a, 10'''b, shown in Fig. 12a and Fig. 12c, placed on the second wall with a smaller surface area, 2A, are shorter due to their placement on the extension of the interstitial space, 2G, of the building element, 112, located between the two splines, 2F, located on the opposite side of the bottom surface, 2C, of the building element, 112.

[0073] By inserting alternating connecting elements, on each wall of smaller area, 1A, 2A, two building elements, 112, of the same type are connected to each other. In the first vertical wall of the smaller area, 1A, of one building element, 112, connecting elements, 10‴, 11'", located on the second vertical wall of the smaller area, 2A, of the other building element, 112, of the same type are inserted. Thus, according to the twelfth example embodiment, the first tongue, 10"'a, of the first wall of smaller area, 1A, enters the first groove, 11‴a, of the second wall of smaller area, 2A, the first groove 11‴a, of the first wall, 1A, enters the first tongue, 10‴a, of the second wall, 2A, the second groove, 11‴b, of the first wall, 1A, enters the second tongue, 10'''b, of the second wall, 2A, while the second tongue, 10'''b, of the first wall with a smaller area, 1A, enters the second groove, 11‴b, of the second wall, 2A. On each, opposite, wall, of the smaller area, 1A, 2A, of the same building element, 112, there is arranged a set of alternately positioned two tongues, 10"'b, and two grooves, 11‴b, of the same building element, 112, symmetrically about a central axis perpendicular to the surface of the walls, 1C, 2C, of the larger area of the building element, 112. The set of alternately placed two tongues, 10'", and two grooves, 11‴, of the first wall with smaller surface area, 1A, corresponds in shape / outline to the set of alternately placed two tongues, 10'", and two grooves, 11‴, of the second wall with smaller surface area, 2A.

[0074] Fig. 13a - Fig. 13d illustrate the building element, 113, according to the thirteenth example embodiment in axonometric, side, front, top and bottom views. Fig. 13a and Fig. 13b show the building element, 113, with a tongue, 12, having a shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid, and with a groove, 13, having a shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid. Fig. 13a shows a building element, 113, in a view showing a second vertical wall of a smaller area, 2A, with one groove, 13, which has a gouge, 13a, formed by the combination of a truncated pyramid and a cuboid. The gouge, 13a, in the second vertical wall with a smaller surface area, 2A, is made by picking out in the building element, 113, the shape of a truncated pyramid and then a cuboid. Formed by gouging the two geometric figures, the groove, 13, is shaped in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid. Fig. 13b, on the other hand, shows the first vertical wall with a smaller surface area, 1A, with a single tongue, 12, placed on it, with a contouring, 12a, formed by combining a cuboid and a truncated pyramid. That is, the first surface of the longer side of the cuboid is adjacent to the first vertical wall of the smaller surface, 1A, and the second surface of the longer side of the cuboid is adjacent to the larger base of the truncated pyramid. Formed by joining the two geometrical figures, the tongue, 12, is of a shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid. Fig. 13c shows a cross-section parallel to the walls of the smaller area, 1A, 2A. From Fig. 13b and Fig. 13c, it can be seen that the tongue, 12, placed on the first wall of the smaller surface area, 1A, in the middle part is aligned with the first contouring, 1B, of the building element, 113, since the tongue, 12, is placed on the extension of the interstitial space, 2G, of the building element, 113, located between the two splines, 2F, placed on the second wall of the larger surface area, hence otherwise on the bottom surface, 2C, of the building element, 113. Likewise, the groove, 13, shown in Fig. 13a and Fig. 13c, located on the second wall with a smaller surface area, 2A, is shaped to match the second contouring, 2B, due to its placement on an extension of the interstitial space, 2G, of the building element, 113, located between the two splines, 2F, located on the opposite side of the bottom surface, 2C, of the building element, 113. Fig. 13d reveals one of many possibilities for the construction of the building element, 113, of its second wall with a larger surface area, 2C. For example, the building element may have four splines, 2F, and between them a flat space also referred to as an interstitial space, 2G.

[0075] According to the thirteenth example embodiment, the first wall of the smaller area, 1A, of the building element, 113, has symmetrically with respect to the axis perpendicular to its longer sides placed one tongue, 12, with a shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid, wherein its longer base is closer to the center of the building element, 113, and is parallel to the shorter edge of the walls of the larger area, 1C, 2C, of building element, 113, and the second wall of the smaller area, 2A, of the building element, 113, has symmetrically with respect to the axis perpendicular to its longer sides placed at least one groove, 13, with a shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid, wherein its shorter base is closer to the center of the building element, 113, and is parallel to the shorter edge of the walls of the larger area, 1C, 2C, of the building element, 113. The thirteenth example embodiment is similar to the fifth example embodiment, but what distinguishes the two examples embodiment is the double contouring, 12a, and the corresponding double gouge, 13a, in the thirteenth example embodiment. The tongue, 12, located on the first vertical wall of the smaller area, 1A, of one building element, 113, connects to the groove, 13, located on the second vertical wall of the smaller area, 2A, of the second building element, 113, of the same type.

[0076] List of designations used in the drawing: 101building element according to the first example embodiment 1Athe first wall with a smaller area 1Bthe first gouge placed on the first wall with a smaller area, 1Cthe first wall with a larger area 1Dspline 1D'spline 1Espline 1Ginterstitial space on the top surface of the building element 2tongue 2atongue contouring 2Aa second wall with a smaller area 2Ba second gouge placed on the second wall with a smaller area, 2Ca second wall with a larger area 2Fgroove 2Ginterstitial space on the bottom surface of the building element 3groove 3agroove gouge 102building element according to the second example embodiment 4tongue 4atongue contouring 5groove 103building element according to the third example embodiment 6tongue 7groove 104building element according to the fourth example embodiment 8tongue 8atongue contouring 9groove 9agroove gouging 105building element according to the fifth example embodiment 10tongue 11groove 106building element according to the sixth example embodiment 107building element according to the seventh example embodiment 108building element according to the eighth example embodiment 109building element according to the ninth example embodiment 110building element according to the tenth example embodiment 111building element according to the eleventh example embodiment 112building element according to the twelfth example embodiment 113building element according to the thirteenth example embodiment 12tongue 12atongue contouring 13groove 13agroove gouging

Examples

Embodiment Construction

[0051]This description shows example embodiments of building elements that have differently formed vertical walls of smaller area. Advantageously, at least one tongue is formed in the first wall with a smaller area, while at least one groove is formed in the second wall with a smaller area. According to the invention, the building elements can be made of concrete, lightweight concrete, aggregate lightweight concrete, cellular concrete or microporous concrete, or other ceramic, polymeric, metal, wood, or hybrid and composite materials. Preferably, the building element has a dimension of length in the range of 1 to 5000 mm, width in the range of 1 to 5000 mm and height in the range of 1 to 1500 mm, more preferably when the length-to-width ratio of the element is in the range of 10:1, 9:1; 8:1, 7:1 6.1; 5:1, 4:1, 3:1; 2:1, 1:1, most preferably when the length-to-width ratio of the element is 2:1 or 1:1, with no limitation on the height of the element.

[0052]Building elements, 101-113, o...

[0001] The invention refers to a building element in the form of a cuboid, two opposite vertical walls of which have matching shaped feathers and / or grooves.

[0002] Solutions for connecting masonry structures made of ceramic elements, cellular concrete and silicate elements with each other and with reinforced concrete bearing structure are widely known and used. Connections are implemented to strengthen the building structure against the effects of vertical forces and tangential forces and also to increase the safety of the structure during its service life.

[0003] Building elements made of building ceramics, cellular concrete and silicate and other similar materials are often profiled on vertical tangential surfaces to improve the aesthetics of construction by blinding clearances in the finished structure and to exclude grouting. The disadvantage of such constructions is the lack of a clamping connection between elements in such constructions, which negatively affects the stability and steadiness of such a solution.

[0004] Thus, the problem underlying the present invention is to create building components that have mechanical tongue-and-groove joints on vertical surfaces that improve structural integrity, stability and are also aesthetically pleasing in construction.Essence of the solution

[0005] The purpose of this solution is to propose building elements that, through mechanical tongue-and-groove joints on the vertical wall surfaces of a building element, improve structural integrity compared to those built with elements without additional joints on the vertical surfaces, improve stability and construction aesthetics.

[0006] In addition, the purpose of the proposed building elements with tongue and groove joints is to improve the insulation and energy efficiency of the building, which minimize air leaks and eliminate the need for additional fasteners or adhesives and mortars, reducing labor costs and construction time compared to traditional methods.

[0007] This goal is achieved by the building element according to the invention.

[0008] The invention refers to a building element in the form of a cuboid, having two parallel walls with a larger surface area and two parallel vertical walls with a smaller surface area, the walls with the larger surface area having splines and / or sprue spaces, while any tongue-and-groove arrangement is placed on the vertical walls with the smaller surface area. According to the invention, the first wall of the smaller area of the building element has at least one tongue placed symmetrically with respect to an axis perpendicular to its longer sides, and the second, opposite, wall of the smaller area of the building element has at least one groove placed, with at least one tongue of the first wall of the smaller area of the building element corresponding in shape / outline to at least one groove of the second wall of the smaller area of the building element.

[0009] According to the invention, at least one groove is positioned on the second wall, opposite, of the smaller area of the building element symmetrically with respect to an axis perpendicular to the longer sides thereof.

[0010] Advantageously, on the second wall with a smaller area of the building element symmetrically with respect to the axis perpendicular to the longer sides thereof, at least two grooves or tongue and groove or at least one tongue and at least two grooves or at least two tongues and one groove are placed symmetrically axially with respect to the central axis perpendicular to the surface of the walls with a larger area.

[0011] On the other hand, on the first wall with a smaller area of the building element may be placed symmetrically with respect to the axis perpendicular to its longer sides at least one tongue and at least one groove.

[0012] Advantageously, if a given number of tongues are placed on the first wall with a smaller area of the building element then the same number of grooves are placed on the second wall, opposite, with a smaller area of the same building element, corresponding in shape / outline to the tongues from the first wall with a smaller area of the building element. On the other hand, if at least one tongue and at least one groove are placed alternately on the first wall with a smaller area of the building element, then at least one tongue and at least one groove are placed alternately on the second wall with a smaller area of the same building element in the same order as on the first wall with a smaller area of the building element, so that with their shape / outline they correspond to the tongues and grooves placed on the first wall with a smaller area of the building element.

[0013] Also advantageously, if alternating tongues and grooves are placed on the first wall with a smaller area of the building element, then alternating tongues and grooves are placed on the second wall with a smaller area of the building element in the reverse order of the first wall with a smaller area of the building element, so that with their shape / outline they correspond to the tongues and grooves placed on the first wall with a smaller area of the building element.

[0014] If, in turn, any alternating combination of tongues and grooves is placed on the first wall of the smaller area of the building element, then any alternating combination of tongues and grooves is placed on the second wall of the smaller area of the building element in the same or reverse order as on the first wall of the smaller area of the building element, so that their shape / outline corresponds to the tonguess and grooves placed on the first wall of the smaller area of the building element.

[0015] Advantageously, the building element has at least one tongue on the first wall of the smaller area with a cross-sectional shape approximating an isosceles trapezoid and at least one groove on the second, opposite, wall of the smaller area with a cross-sectional shape approximating an isosceles trapezoid.

[0016] According to the invention, it is possible that in a building element a tongue of the first shape in a cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid has arms composed of two segments forming an obtuse angle and its longer base is closer to the center of the building element and is parallel to the shorter edge of the walls of the larger area of the building element.

[0017] The groove of the first shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid has arms composed of two segments forming an obtuse angle and its shorter base is closer to the center of the building element and is parallel to the shorter edge of the walls of the larger area of the building element.

[0018] According to the invention, it is also possible that in a building element the tongue of the second shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid has a shorter base located closer to the center of the building element, which is parallel to the shorter edge of the walls of the larger area of the building element.

[0019] A groove with a second shape with a cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid has a longer base closer to the center of the building element, which is parallel to the shorter edge of the walls with the larger area of the building element.

[0020] The building element may also have a tongue of a third shape with a cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid, in which the longer base closer to the center of the building element is parallel to the shorter edge of the walls of the larger area of the building element.

[0021] According to the invention, in a building element, a groove with a third shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid has a shorter base closer to the center of the building element, which is parallel to the shorter edge of the walls with the largest area of the building element.

[0022] It is also possible to have a tongue with a fourth shape, which is close to a rectangle in cross-section, and its longer sides are parallel to the shorter edge of the walls with the larger area of the building element.

[0023] The groove of the fourth shape has in a cross-section close to a rectangle the longer sides parallel to the shorter edge of the walls of the larger area of the building element.

[0024] According to the invention, the building element may also have a tongue of the fifth shape. Then the tongue has, in a cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid, arms composed of two segments forming a concave angle, the shorter base of which is closer to the center of the building element and is parallel to the shorter edge of the walls of the larger area of the building element.

[0025] It is also possible that the groove of the fifth shape has, in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid, arms composed of two segments forming a concave angle, the longer base of the isosceles trapezoid is closer to the center of the building element and is parallel to the shorter edge of the walls with a larger area of the building element.

[0026] According to the invention, in one building element the tongue can be of the first shape or the second shape or the third shape or the fourth shape or the fifth shape, while the groove can be of the first shape or the second shape or the third shape or the fourth shape or the fifth shape. The shape of the tongue-and-groove system depends on the building element in question.

[0027] In a building element with a tongue-and-groove arrangement, a tongue with a first shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid corresponds to a groove with a first shape close to an isosceles trapezoid. Thus, in a building element, a tongue of the first shape is placed on the first wall with a smaller area and a groove of the first shape is placed on the second wall with a smaller area.

[0028] In the building element, the tongue of the second shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid is joined by its longer side to the longer base of the isosceles trapezoid, whose shorter base is closer to the center of the building element and is parallel to the shorter edge of the walls with the largest area of the building element, and the groove of the second shape in cross-section close to a rectangle joined by its longer side to the longer base of an isosceles trapezoid has a longer base closer to the center of the building element, which is parallel to the shorter edge of the walls with the larger area of the building element. Thus, a tongue with a second shape is placed on the first wall with a smaller area and a groove with a second shape is placed on the second wall with a smaller area.

[0029] In the case where a building element has at least one tongue on the first wall with a smaller area with a third shape then at least one groove with a third shape is placed on the second wall with a smaller area.

[0030] In the case where a building element has at least one tongue on the first wall with a smaller area with a fourth shape in cross-section close to a rectangle, then on the second, opposite, wall with a smaller area it has a groove with a fourth shape in cross-section close to a rectangle.

[0031] On the other hand, when a tongue with a fifth shape is placed in a building element on the first wall with a smaller area, then at least one groove with a fifth shape is placed on the second wall with a smaller area.

[0032] Advantageously, on the first wall of the smaller area of the building element, two third-shaped tongues are placed in a cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid, and the second wall of the smaller area of the building element has two third-shaped grooves in a cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid placed symmetrically with respect to an axis perpendicular to the longest of its sides symmetrically with respect to a central axis perpendicular to the area of the walls of the largest area.

[0033] Alternatively, in the building element, the tongue of the third shape in cross-section approximating an isosceles trapezoid has arms composed of two segments forming an obtuse angle, and its longer base is closer to the center of the building element, which is parallel to the shorter edge of the walls of the larger area of the building element, and the groove of the third shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid has arms composed of two segments forming an obtuse angle and its shorter base is closer to the center of the building element and is parallel to the shorter edge of the walls of the larger area of the building element.

[0034] Another possibility is that on the first wall with a smaller area of the building element there are placed alternately: the first tongue of the third shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid, the first groove of the third shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid, the second tongue of the third shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid, the second groove of the third shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid, while on the second wall of the smaller area of the building element it has symmetrically axially about the central axis perpendicular to the surface of the walls of the largest area placed: a first groove with a third shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid, a first tongue with a third shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid, a second groove with a third shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid, a second tongue with a third shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid.

[0035] Alternatively, on the first wall of the smaller area of the building element, the first tongue of the third shape in the cross-sectional area approximating an isosceles trapezoid, the first groove of the third shape in the cross-sectional area approximating an isosceles trapezoid, the second groove of the third shape in the cross-sectional area approximating an isosceles trapezoid, the second tongue of the third shape in the cross-sectional area approximating an isosceles trapezoid are placed successively, and on the second wall of the smaller area of the building element, the following are placed successively: first tongue with a third shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid, first groove with a third shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid, second groove with a third shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid, second tongue with a third shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid.

[0036] The use of building elements with the possibility of mechanical joining on vertical and horizontal surfaces, has a number of advantages over building technologies known from the state of the art.

[0037] The building elements, according to the invention, provide structural stability through the horizontal and vertical arrangement of tongue-and-grooves between building elements, which helps to distribute loads evenly and prevent shifting of elements between each other. In addition, weather resistance is increased - the tongue-and-groove joints form a barrier against moisture, air penetration and other weather conditions. This helps prevent dampness, air leakage and damage caused by environmental factors, improving the durability and weather resistance of the building block.

[0038] With the use of building elements according to the invention, installation time and labor costs are reduced, as connecting elements - tongue and groove joints - facilitate faster and more efficient installation of building elements in the building wall. Mechanical joints eliminate the need for additional fasteners or adhesives and mortars, reducing labor costs and construction time compared to state-of-the-art methods.

[0039] Moreover, the aesthetics of the structure are improved with the proposed solution, as clean, uniform lines are created between building elements through tongue-and-groove joints, resulting in favorable aesthetic effects on vertical surfaces, which improves the architectural appearance of the structure and contributes to the consistent refinement of the design.

[0040] In addition, the building element according to the invention improves insulation and energy efficiency, as the tongue and groove joints help minimize air leaks, contributing to improved insulation and energy efficiency of the building. This can lead to reduced heating and cooling loads, lower energy consumption and improved comfort for occupants.

[0041] With the solution according to the invention, the airtightness, insulation and fire resistance of the partition are improved, as the tongue-and-groove arrangement on the vertical surfaces of the building elements benefit from the fire tightness resulting from reduced migration of warm air and smoke. The improvement of fire tightness and fire insulation is understood by improving the ability of the structure to withstand the impact of fire on one side without the transfer of fire to the unheated side due to the penetration of flames or hot gases. The fire resistance under the continuous load of the partition or during an impact is increased due to additional elements connecting the partition in the vertical plane.Definitions

[0042] The building element is made of concrete, lightweight concrete, aggregate lightweight concrete, cellular concrete, microporous concrete, or other ceramic, polymer, metal, wood, or hybrid and composite materials.

[0043] The building element on its vertical walls with smaller surfaces comprises at least one connecting element. One connecting element formed on one wall with a smaller surface area of one building element connects inseparably with a corresponding shape of a second connecting element formed on a second wall with a smaller surface area of a second building element of the same type. Thus, a building element of the same type within the meaning of the present invention means that the given building element has a tongue or tongue-and-groove arrangement (of the selected shape) on the second wall of the smaller area, and a corresponding tongue or tongue-and-groove arrangement (of the selected shape) on the first wall of the smaller area, such that, the tongue or tongue-and-groove arrangement of one building element placed on the second wall with a smaller area is permanently connected to the tongue or tongue-and-groove arrangement placed on the first wall with a smaller area of the adjacent second building element, and the tongue or tongue-ang-groove arrangement of the second building element placed on the second wall with a smaller area is connected to the tongue or tongue-and-groove arrangement of the first wall with a smaller area of the third adjacent building element. A building element of one type of tongue-and-groove system is erected by at least one typo-series of the built structure. The type of tongue-and-groove system refers to the selected tongue and / or groove shape placed on a building element of a given type.

[0044] Connecting elements refer to elements formed in walls with a smaller area in the building element. This is tongue and groove, or any multiple of them, as well as alternating any arrangement of them.

[0045] The terms "first", "second", "one", "second", "third" used in the description and claims of the patent are used to distinguish similar elements, not to describe a sequential or chronological order. It should be understood that the terms used in this manner are interchangeable in appropriate circumstances, and that the embodiments of the invention described herein have the possibility of operating in other sequences than those described or illustrated herein. According to the invention, it is possible that the first wall with a smaller surface area will contain, for example, only one tongue, or one tongue and one groove, or any arrangement thereof, while the second wall with a smaller surface area will be formed suitably to accept the connecting elements located on the first wall with a smaller surface area.

[0046] For the sake of a better understanding of the embodiments described in the following examples they are reduced to the relevant essential information, and the illustrations shown in the figures are very schematic and do not reflect real conditions. First of all, the proportions shown in the figures do not correspond to real conditions and are for illustrative purposes only.

[0047] The examples show preferred embodiments, to which, however, the invention should by no means be limited. In particular, the various example embodiments are not limited to use in the form described. In order to improve the effects, it is possible to combine them with each other.Brief description of the figures

[0048] The present invention will be understood and appreciated more fully on the basis of the following detailed description in conjunction with the drawing, in which: Fig. 1ashows an axonometric view of a building element according to the first example embodiment; a view of a second wall with a smaller area of a building element according to the first example embodiment; Fig. 1bshows a view of the first wall with a smaller area of the building element according to the first example embodiment; Fig. 1cshows a view of a building element according to the first example embodiment in side view, with the building element positioned on the second wall with a larger area; Fig. 1dshows a view of a building element according to the first example embodiment in top view and in cross-section parallel to walls of smaller area; Fig. 1eshows a view of a building element according to the first example embodiment in side view, with the building element positioned on the first wall with a larger area; Fig. 1fshows a building element according to the first example embodiment in bottom view; Fig. 1gshows a building element according to the first example embodiment in axonometric view, bottom view, with the second wall of smaller area with groove shown here; Fig. 1hshows in axonometric view a building element according to the first example embodiment, bottom view, with the first wall with smaller area with tongue shown here; Fig. 2ashows in axonometric view a building element according to the second example embodiment; a view of the second wall with a smaller area of the building element according to the second example embodiment; Fig. 2bshows a view of the first wall with a smaller area of the building element according to the second example embodiment; Fig. 2cshows a view of a building element according to the second example embodiment in top view and in cross section parallel to the walls with smaller area; Fig. 3ashows an axonometric view of a building element according to the third example embodiment; a view of the second wall with a smaller area of the building element according to the third example embodiment; Fig. 3bshows a view of the first wall with a smaller area of the building element according to the third example embodiment; Fig. 3cshows a view of a building element according to the third example embodiment in top view and in cross section parallel to the walls with smaller area; Fig. 4ashows an axonometric view of a building element according to the fourth example embodiment; a view of the second wall of a smaller area of a building element according to the fourth example embodiment; Fig. 4bshows a view of the first wall with a smaller area of the building element according to the fourth example embodiment; Fig. 4cshows a view of the building element according to the fourth example embodiment in top view and in cross section parallel to the walls with smaller area; Fig. 5ashows an axonometric view of the building element according to the fifth example embodiment; a view of the second wall of the smaller area of the building element according to the fifth example embodiment; Fig. 5bshows a view of the first wall with a smaller area of the building element according to the fifth example embodiment; Fig. 5cshows a view of a building element according to the fifth example embodiment in top view and in cross section parallel to the walls with smaller area; Fig. 6ashows an axonometric view of the building element according to the sixth example embodiment; a view of the second wall of the smaller area of the building element according to the sixth example embodiment; Fig. 6bshows a view of the first wall with a smaller area of the building element according to the sixth example embodiment; Fig. 6cshows a view of a building element according to the sixth example embodiment in top view and in cross section parallel to the walls with smaller area; Fig. 7ashows an axonometric view of a building element according to the seventh example embodiment; a view of the second wall of a smaller area of a building element according to the seventh example embodiment; Fig. 7bshows a view of the first wall with a smaller area of the building element according to the seventh example embodiment; Fig. 7cshows a view of a building element according to the seventh example embodiment in top view and in cross section parallel to the walls with smaller area; Fig. 8ashows an axonometric view of a building element according to the eighth example embodiment; a view of the second wall of the smaller area of a building element according to the eighth example embodiment; Fig. 8bshows a view of the first wall with a smaller area of the building element according to the eighth example embodiment; Fig. 8cshows a view of a building element according to the eighth example embodiment in top view and in cross section parallel to the walls with smaller area; Fig. 9ashows an axonometric view of the building element according to the ninth example embodiment; view of the second wall with a smaller area of the building element according to the ninth example embodiment; Fig. 9bshows a view of the first wall of the smaller area of the building element according to the ninth example embodiment; Fig. 9cshows a view of the building element according to the ninth example embodiment in top view and in cross section parallel to the walls with smaller area; Fig. 10ashows an axonometric view of the building element according to the tenth example embodiment; a view of the second wall with smaller area of a building element according to the tenth example embodiment; Fig. 10bshows a view of the first wall with a smaller area of the building element according to the tenth example embodiment; Fig. 10cshows the view of the building element according to the tenth example embodiment in a top view and in cross section parallel to the walls with smaller area; Fig. 11ashows an axonometric view of the building element according to the eleventh example embodiment; a view of the second wall with smaller area of the building element according to the eleventh example embodiment; Fig. 11bshows a view of the first wall with a smaller area of a building element according to the eleventh example embodiment; Fig. 11cshows a view of a building element according to the eleventh example embodiment in top view and in cross section parallel to the walls with smaller area; Fig. 12ashows an axonometric view of a building element according to the twelfth embodiment example; a view of the second wall with smaller area of a building element according to the twelfth example embodiment; Fig. 12bshows a view of the first wall with a smaller area of a building element according to the twelfth example embodiment; Fig. 12cshows the view of the building element according to the twelfth example embodiment in top view and in cross section parallel to the walls with smaller area; Fig. 13ashows an axonometric view of a building element according to the thirteenth example embodiment; a view of the second wall with smaller area of the building element according to the thirteenth embodiment example; Fig. 13bshows the view of the first wall with a smaller area of a building element according to the thirteenth example embodiment; Fig. 13cshows the view of the building element according to the thirteenth example embodiment in top view and in cross section parallel to the walls of the smaller area.

[0049] In the following description, example embodiments are given of a building element and a set of many different building elements having on vertical walls an arrangement connecting building elements of the same type.

[0050] However, it should be strongly emphasized that the examples described below are not intended to limit the scope of protection, but only to illustrate one of the many possible applications of the present invention. The present invention is applicable wherever a building element with a tongue-and-groove connecting system is required. The construction of the upper and lower larger surfaces of the building element can be of any kind, having recesses, splines and inter-spaces at any locations, which can affect the geometry of the tongue-and-groove system. In such cases, the shortening of the elements of the tongue-and-groove system is adjusted to the shape of the recesses, splines and sprue spaces of the upper and lower larger surface of the given building element.Detailed description of the invention

[0051] This description shows example embodiments of building elements that have differently formed vertical walls of smaller area. Advantageously, at least one tongue is formed in the first wall with a smaller area, while at least one groove is formed in the second wall with a smaller area. According to the invention, the building elements can be made of concrete, lightweight concrete, aggregate lightweight concrete, cellular concrete or microporous concrete, or other ceramic, polymeric, metal, wood, or hybrid and composite materials. Preferably, the building element has a dimension of length in the range of 1 to 5000 mm, width in the range of 1 to 5000 mm and height in the range of 1 to 1500 mm, more preferably when the length-to-width ratio of the element is in the range of 10:1, 9:1; 8:1, 7:1 6.1; 5:1, 4:1, 3:1; 2:1, 1:1, most preferably when the length-to-width ratio of the element is 2:1 or 1:1, with no limitation on the height of the element.

[0052] Building elements, 101-113, of one type form a type series. The building elements, 101-113, have a form similar to that of a rectangular block and have on their vertical walls, 1A, 2A, tongues and grooves forming a tongue-and-groove arrangement. A second wall with a larger surface area, also referred to as the bottom surface, 2C, of one building element, 101-113, in part or in whole lies on the first wall with a larger surface area, 1C, of the other building element, 101-113, also referred to as the top surface, in part or in whole, whereby the existing splines, 2C, on the bottom surface, 2F, cooperate with the existing splines, 1C, on the top surface, 1G. Side walls with a smaller surface area, also referred to as vertical walls, 1A, 2A, of adjacent building elements, 101-113, connect to each other through a tongue-and-groove arrangement. Connecting elements placed on the first vertical wall, 1A, of one building element connect with connecting elements placed on the second vertical wall, 2A, of a second building element of the same type. By connecting element is meant a tongue and / or groove.

[0053] According to the invention, the building element, 101-113, is a cuboid. For example, on its first wall with a larger surface area, 1C, it has two splines, 1D, 1D' and a spline, 1E, which together form a shape similar to the letter "H". Between them, a flat bottom surface, also known as the spline space, 1G, is formed. On the other hand, on its second wall with a larger surface, 2C, the building element, 101-113, has four splines 2F located at its corners. At the same time, the construction of the upper and lower larger surface, 1C, 2C, of the building element, 101-113, may be arbitrary and is not an object of the invention.

[0054] For example, according to the invention, the building element, 101-113, has two moldings, 1B, 2B. The first molding, 1B, located on the first wall with a smaller surface area, 1A, and the second molding, 2B, located on the second wall with a smaller surface area, 2A, are located in the middle part, these moldings, 1B, 2B, arising from the inter-spline space, 2G, of the building element, 101-113, located between two grooves, 2F, placed on the second wall with a larger surface area, 2C, of the building element, 101-113.

[0055] Fig.1a- Fig. 1h show the building element, 101, according to the first example embodiment in axonometric view, side, front and rear views, top and bottom, in cross-section parallel to the walls of smaller area, with a tongue, 2, which has a shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid, and a groove, 3, which has a shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid. Fig. 1a shows a building element, 101, in a view showing in the foreground a second vertical wall of smaller area, 2A, with one groove, 3, which has a gouge, 3a, formed by the combination of a truncated pyramid and a cuboid. The gouge, 3a, in the second vertical wall of the smaller area, 2A, begins with a gouge in the shape of a truncated pyramid and then a cuboid. Formed by grooving the two geometric figures, the groove, 3, is shaped in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid. On the other hand, Fig. 1b shows the first vertical wall of a smaller area, 1A, with one tongue, 2, placed on it, which has a shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid. The tongue, 2, has a molding, 2a, formed by the combination of a cuboid and a truncated pyramid, with the cuboid first placed on the first vertical wall of the smaller area, 1A, followed by the truncated pyramid. The base of the truncated pyramid is adjacent to the surface of the longer side of the cuboid. Formed by joining two geometric figures, the tongue, 2, is shaped in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid. Fig. 1c shows a side view of the building element, 101-113. The lines show on one side the gouge of the groove, 3, and on the other side the protruding tongue, 2. From Fig. 1b and Fig. 1d it can be seen that the tongue, 2, placed on the first wall with a smaller surface, 1A, in the middle part is aligned with the first molding, 1B, of the building element, 101, as the tongue, 2, is placed on the extension of the inter-spline space, 2G, of the building element, 101, located between the two grooves, 2F, placed on the bottom surface, 2C, of the building element, 101. Similarly, the groove, 3, shown in Fig. 1a and Fig. 1d, located on the second wall with a smaller surface, 2A, is shaped to match the second molding, 2B, due to its placement on an extension of the inter-spline space, 2G, of the building element, 101, located between the two grooves, 2F, occurring on the opposite side of the bottom surface, 2C, of the building element, 101. Fig. 1e shows a side view of the building element, 101-113, with the building element, 101-103, rotated by 180° than in Fig. 1c. Also shown here with lines are the gouge of the groove, 3, and the tongue contouring, 2. Fig. 1f reveals one of the many possibilities for the construction element, 101-113, of its second wall with a larger surface area, 2C. For example, the building element may have four splines, 2F, and between them a flat space also referred to as an inter-spline space, 2G. Fig. 1f discloses one of many possibilities for shaping the moldings of splines, 2F, of a second wall with a larger surface area, 2C, which is not an object of the invention. Fig. 1g shows an axonometric view of a building element, 101-113, of a second wall with a larger surface area, 2C, and a second wall with a smaller surface area, 2A. Clearly visible here is the second spline, 2B, formed by the edge location of the four splines, 2F, and the inter-spline space, 2G, running between them. Between the two splines, 2F, located at the second wall with a smaller area, 2A, and between the two splines, 2F, located at the first wall with a smaller area, 1A, the inter-spline space, 2G, is narrower than between one spline, 2F, located at the first wall with a smaller area, 1A, and the second spline, 2F, located at the second wall with a smaller area, 2A. Fig. 1h, on the other hand, shows the tongue, 2, with the molding, 2a. Also shown here is the same relationship as in Fig. 1g, namely, that the first molding, 1B, is formed from the edge location of the two splines, 2F, and the inter-spline space, 2G, running between them.

[0056] According to the invention, according to the first example embodiment, the first wall of the smaller area, 1A, of the building element, 101, has symmetrically with respect to the axis perpendicular to its longer sides placed at least one tongue, 2, with a shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid. The arms of the isosceles trapezoid are composed of two segments forming an obtuse angle and the longer base is closer to the center of the building element, 101, and is parallel to the shorter edge of the walls of the larger area, 1C, 2C, of the building element, 101. The other opposite wall of the smaller area, 2A, of the building element, 101, has symmetrically with respect to the axis perpendicular to its longer sides placed at least one groove, 3. The shape of the groove, 3, is in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid, the arms of which are composed of two segments forming an obtuse angle and the shorter base is located closer to the center of the building element, 101, and is parallel to the shorter edge of the walls of the larger area, 1C, 2C, of the building element, 101. The tongue, 2, placed on the first vertical wall of the smaller area, 1A, of one building element, 101, is connected to the groove, 3, placed on the second vertical wall of the smaller area, 2A, of the other building element, 101, of the same type. The tongue, 2, located on the first, vertical wall of smaller area, 1A, of one building element, 101, connects to the groove, 3, located on the second, vertical wall of smaller area, 2A, of the second building element, 101, of the same type.

[0057] Fig. 2 shows a building element, 102, according to the second example embodiment, in axonometric, side, front and rear, top and bottom views, with a tongue, 4, with a shape in cross-section close to a rectangle, and a groove, 5, with a shape in cross-section close to a rectangle. Fig. 2a shows a building element, 102, in a view showing in the foreground a second vertical wall of smaller area, 2A, with one groove, 5, having a shape in cross-section close to a rectangle. Fig. 2b, on the other hand, shows the first vertical wall of a smaller area, 1A, with one tongue, 4, placed on it, with a shape in cross-section close to a rectangle. On the shoulders of the tongue, 4, there is a molding, 4a, which allows it to connect with a groove, 5a, of the groove, 5, appropriately matching this molding, 4a. From Fig. 2b and Fig. 2c it can be seen that the tongue, 4, placed on the first wall with a smaller surface, 1A, in the middle part is contoured due to the placement of the tongue, 4, on the extension of the spline space, 2G, of the building element, 102, located between the two splines, 2F, placed on the bottom surface, 2C, of the building element, 102. Similarly, the groove, 5, placed on the second wall with a smaller surface, 2A, shown in Fig. 2a and Fig. 2c is shorter due to its positioning on the extension of the spline space, 2G, of the building element, 102, located between the two splines, 2F, located on the opposite side of the bottom surface, 2C, of the building element, 102. According to the invention, in the second example embodiment, the first wall of the smaller surface, 1A, of the building element, 102, has symmetrically with respect to an axis perpendicular to its longer sides placed at least one tongue, 4, having a shape in cross-section close to a rectangle. The longer sides of the tongue, 4, close in shape to a rectangle are parallel to the shorter edge of the walls of the larger area, 1C, 2C, of the building element, 102. The second wall of the smaller area, 2A, of the building element, 102, has symmetrically with respect to the axis perpendicular to its longer sides placed at least one groove, 5, similar in shape in cross-section to a rectangle. The longer sides of the groove, 5, are parallel to the shorter edge of the walls of the larger area, 1C, 2C, of the building element, 102. The tongue, 4, placed on the first vertical wall of the smaller area, 1A, of one building element, 102, connects to the groove, 5, placed on the second vertical wall of the smaller area, 2A, of a second building element, 103, of the same type.

[0058] Fig. 3a-Fig. 3c show the building element, 103, according to the third example embodiment, in axonometric, side, front and top views, with the tongue, 6, having a shape in cross-section approximating an isosceles trapezoid, and the groove, 7, having a shape in cross-section approximating an isosceles trapezoid. To the third example embodiment, the above description regarding the contouring of the tongue, 6, and the spline, 7, applies, due to their placement on the extension of the spline space, 2G, of the building element, 103, located between the two splines, 2F, located on the bottom surface, 2C, of the building element, 103, as shown in Fig. 3c, as well as in Figs. 3a and 3b. According to the third example embodiment, the first wall of the smaller surface, 1A, of the building element, 103, has symmetrically with respect to the axis perpendicular to its longer sides placed at least one tongue, 6, having a shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid. The shorter base of the tongue, 6, having a shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid, is located closer to the center of the building element, 103, and is parallel to the shorter edge of the walls of the larger area, 1C, 2C, of the building element, 103. The second wall of the smaller area, 2A, of the building element, 103, has symmetrically with respect to the axis perpendicular to its longer sides placed at least one groove, 7, having a shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid. The longer base of the groove, 7, having a shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid, is located closer to the center of the building element, 103, and is parallel to the shorter edge of the walls of the largest area, 1C, 2C, of the building element, 103. The tongue, 6, placed on the first vertical wall of the smaller area, 1A, of one building element, 103, connects to the groove, 7, placed on the second vertical wall of the smaller area, 2A, of a second building element, 103, of the same type.

[0059] Fig. 4a - Fig. 4c show the building element, 104, according to the fourth example embodiment, in axonometric, side and top views, with the tongue, 8, having a shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid and with the groove, 9, having a shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid. For the fourth example embodiment, the above description regarding the contouring of the tongue, 8, and the spline, 9, applies, due to their positioning on the extension of the spline space, 2G, of the building element, 104, located between the two splines, 2F, located on the bottom surface, 2C, of the building element, 104, as shown in Fig. 4c, as well as in Figs. 4a and 4b. According to the fourth example embodiment, the first wall of the smaller surface, 1A, of the building element, 104, has at least one tongue, 8, placed symmetrically with respect to an axis perpendicular to its longer sides. The tongue, 8, has the same shape as the tongue, 6, of the building element, 103, with the two tongues having a slightly different contouring. The tongue, 8, has a double contouring, 8a, compared to the tongue, 6, according to the third example. Fig. 4b shows the first vertical wall of smaller area, 1A, with one tongue, 8, placed thereon. The tongue, 8, has a contouring, 8a, formed by making two truncated pyramids, with the smaller base of the first truncated pyramid adjacent to the first vertical wall of smaller area, 1A, and the larger base of the first truncated pyramid adjacent to the smaller base of the second truncated pyramid. The resulting two geometric figures, tongue, 8, is shaped in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid. Fig. 4a highlights the gouge, 9a, made from the two truncated pyramids. The gouge, 9a, in the second vertical wall with a smaller area, 2A, is formed from the gouge of two truncated pyramids. The gouge is started from the larger base of the second truncated pyramid up to the smaller base of the second truncated pyramid, and then the first truncated prism, adjacent with its larger base to the smaller base of the second truncated pyramid, is selected. Formed by grooving the two geometric figures, the groove, 9, is of a shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid. Thus, similarly, the groove, 9, in the fourth example embodiment is the same as the groove, 7, of the third example embodiment, only the gouge, 9a, of the groove, 9, in the second wall of the smaller area, 2A, of the building element, 104, is deeper - matching to accept the contouring, 8a, of the tongue, 8, of the first wall of the smaller area, 1A, of the building element, 104.

[0060] Thus, the tongue, 8, having a shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid, has arms composed of two segments forming a concave angle, the shorter base of which is closer to the center of the building element, 104, and is parallel to the shorter edge of the walls of the larger area, 1C, 2C, of the building element, 104. The groove, 9, having a shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid, has arms composed of two segments forming a concave angle, whose longer base of the isosceles trapezoid is closer to the center of the building element, 104, and is parallel to the shorter edge of the walls of the larger area, 1C, 2C, of the building element,104.

[0061] The tongue, 8, located on the first vertical wall of the smaller area, 1A, of one building element, 104, is connected to the groove, 9, located on the second vertical wall of the smaller area, 2A, of the other building element, 104, of the same type.

[0062] Fig. 5a - Fig. 5c show the building element, 105, according to the fifth example embodiment, in axonometric, side and top views, with the tongue, 10, having a shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid, and the groove, 11, having a shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid. For the fifth example embodiment, the above description regarding the contouring of the tongue, 10, and the groove, 11, applies, due to their placement on the extension of the spline space, 2G, of the building element, 105, located between the two splines, 2F, located on the bottom surface, 2C, of the building element, 105, as shown in Fig. 5c, as well as in Figs. 5a and 5b. On the other hand, according to the fifth example embodiment, the first wall of the smaller surface, 1A, of the building element, 105, has symmetrically with respect to the axis perpendicular to its longer sides a single tongue, 10, placed thereon, which has a shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid, the longer base of which is closer to the center of the building element, 105, and is parallel to the shorter edge of the walls of the larger surface, 1C, 2C, of the building element, 105, and the other wall of the smaller area, 2A, of the building element, 105, has symmetrically with respect to the axis perpendicular to its longer sides placed at least one groove, 11, with a shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid, whose shorter base is closer to the center of the building element, 105, and is parallel to the shorter edge of the walls of the larger area, 1C, 2C, of the building element, 105. The tongue, 10, located on the first vertical wall of the smaller area, 1A, of one building element, 105, is connected to the groove, 11, located on the second vertical wall of the smaller area, 2A, of the other building element, 105, of the same type.

[0063] Fig. 6a - Fig. 6c show a building element, 106, according to the sixth example embodiment, in axonometric, side, front and rear, top and bottom views, with two tongues, 10, having a shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid, and with two grooves, 11. Fig. 6b shows a building element, 106, with two tongues, 10, placed on the first vertical wall of a smaller area, 1A. The two tongues, 10, are of a shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid, whose longer base is closer to the center of the building element, 106, and is parallel to the shorter edge of the walls of the larger area, 1C, 2C, of the building element, 106. The tongues, 10, are parallel to each other and have the same dimensions, including their length corresponding to the length of the vertical wall of the smaller area, 1A, of the building element, 106. A set of two grooves, 11, corresponding to the tongues, 10, placed on the first vertical wall of the smaller area, 2A, of the same building element, 106, is placed symmetrically axially with respect to a central axis perpendicular to the surfaces of the walls, 1C, 2C, of the larger area of the building element, 106. The grooves, 11, are parallel to each other and have the same dimensions, including their length corresponding to the length of the vertical wall of the smaller area, 2A, of the building element, 106. The set of tongues, 10, placed on the first vertical wall of the smaller area, 1A, of one building element, 106, is connected to the set of grooves, 11, placed on the second vertical wall of the smaller area, 2A, of the other building element, 106, of the same type.

[0064] Fig. 7a-7c show the building element, 107, according to the seventh example embodiment, in axonometric view - 7a, 7b, side and top views - Fig. 7c. Fig. 7a-Fig. 7c disclose a building element, 107, with one tongue, 10, and one groove, 11, located on the first, vertical, smaller wall with a smaller area, 1A. The tongue, 10, is shaped in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid whose longer base is closer to the center of the building element, 107, and is parallel to the shorter edge of the walls of the larger area, 1C, 2C, of the building element, 107. The groove, 11, is shaped in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid whose shorter base is closer to the center of the building element, 107, and is parallel to the shorter edge of the walls of the larger area, 1C, 2C, of the building element, 107. On the opposite, second, vertical, smaller wall, 2A, is located axially symmetrical with respect to a central axis perpendicular to the surface of the walls of the larger surface, 1C, 2C, of the building element, 107, a tongue set, 10, and groove set, 11, corresponding in shape. In the present example embodiment, the set of tongue, 10, and groove, 11, placed on the second, vertical, wall of the smaller area, 2A, is arranged in the same order as on the first wall of the smaller area, 1A, of the building element, 107. The shape / outline of the set of tongue, 10, and groove, 11, of the second wall, 2A, corresponds in shape to the tongue, 10, and groove, 11, of the building element, 107, placed on the first wall of the smaller area, 1A.

[0065] Fig. 8a- Fig. 8c show the building element, 108, according to the eighth example embodiment, in axonometric, side and top views with three tongues, 10, located on the first vertical wall of the smaller area, 1A. The three tongues, 10, are of a shape in cross-section similar to an isosceles trapezoid, the longer base of which is closer to the center of the building element, 108, and is parallel to the shorter edge of the walls of the larger area, 1C, 2C, of the building element, 108. The two, outer tongues, 10, are parallel to each other and have the same dimensions. The middle tongue, 10, located between the two outer tongues, 10, is shorter at the edge with the bottom surface, 2C, as it is located at the extension of the interstitial space, 2G, of the building element, 108, located between the two splines, 2F. A set of three grooves, 11, corresponding to the tongues, 10, located on the first vertical wall of the smaller area, 1A, is placed on the second wall, opposite, with a smaller area, 2A, of the same building element, 108, symmetrically axially with respect to a central axis perpendicular to the wall surfaces, 1C, 2C, of the larger area of the building element, 108. The set of tongues, 10, placed on the first vertical wall with a smaller surface area, 1A, of one building element, 108, is connected to the set of grooves, 11, placed on the second vertical wall with a smaller surface area, 2A, of a second building element, 108, of the same type.

[0066] Fig. 9a- Fig. 9c show the building element, 109, according to the ninth example embodiment, in axonometric, side and top views. Fig. 9a shows the building element, 109, in a view showing in the foreground a second vertical wall of smaller area, 2A, with one tongue, 10, having a shape in cross-section approximating an isosceles trapezoid, and two grooves, 11, having a shape in cross-section approximating an isosceles trapezoid, placed on both sides of the tongue, 10, parallel to it. Fig. 9b, on the other hand, shows the first vertical wall with a smaller surface area, 1A, with two tongues, 10, and one groove, 11, respectively placed thereon. From Fig. 9a and Fig. 9b, it can be seen that the tongue, 10, placed on the first wall with a smaller surface area, 1A, is shorter due to its placement on the extension of the interstitial space, 2G, of the building element, 109, located between the two splines, 2F. Similarly, placed on the second wall with a smaller surface area, 2A, the groove, 11, is shorter due to its placement on the extension of the interstitial space, 2G, of the building element, 109, located between the two splines, 2F, located on the opposite side of the bottom surface, 2C, of the building element, 109. A set of one tongue, 10, and two grooves, 11, corresponding to the set of one tongue, 10, and two grooves, 11, located on the first wall of the smaller area, 1A, is therefore placed on the second wall of the smaller area, 2A axially symmetrically with respect to a central axis perpendicular to the surface of the walls of the larger area, 1C, 2C, of the building element, 109. Tongues, 10, according to the ninth example embodiment, having a shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid, have a longer base located closer to the center of the building element, 109, and it is parallel to the shorter edge of the walls of the larger area, 1C, 2C, of the building element, 109. On the other hand, the grooves, 11, having a shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid, have a shorter base located closer to the center of the building element, 109, and it is parallel to the shorter edge of the walls of the larger area, 1C, 2C, of the building element, 109. A set of tongues, 10, and groove, 11, located on the first vertical wall of smaller area, 1A, of one building element, 109, is connected to a set of grooves, 11, and tongue, 10, located on the second vertical wall of smaller area, 2A, of a second building element, 109, of the same type.

[0067] Fig. 10a - Fig. 10c show the building element, 110, according to the tenth example embodiment in axonometric, side and top views. Fig. 10a shows the building element, 110, in a view showing in the foreground a second vertical wall of smaller area, 2A, with four grooves, 11', with a shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid. Fig. 10b, on the other hand, shows the first vertical wall of a smaller area, 1A, with four tongues, 10', on it, with a shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid. It can be seen from Fig. 10b and Fig. 10c that the two tongues, 10'a, of four placed on the first wall of the smaller area, 1A, are partially shorter due to their placement on the extension of the interstitial space, 2G, of the building element, 110, located between the two grooves, 2F, placed on the bottom surface, 2C, of the building element, 110. Similarly, the two grooves, 1 1'a, of four placed on the second wall of the smaller area, 2A, shown in Fig. 10a and Fig. 10c are shorter due to their placement on the extension of the interstitial space, 2G, of the building element, 110, located between the two grooves, 1F, located on the opposite side of the bottom surface, 2C, of the building element, 110. The two outer tongues, 10'b, placed on the first wall with a smaller surface, 1A, and the two outer grooves, 11'b, placed on the second wall with a smaller surface, 2A, have a length corresponding to the length of the vertical walls with a smaller surface, 1A, 2A. The four tongues, 10', are shaped in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid and have a longer base closer to the center of the building element, 110, which is parallel to the shorter edge of the walls of the larger area, 1C, 2C, of the building element, 110. A set of four grooves, 11', corresponding to the four tongues, 10', located on the first vertical wall of the smaller area, 1A, is placed on the second, opposite, wall of the smaller area, 2A, of the same building element, 110, symmetrically axially with respect to a central axis perpendicular to the surface of the walls, 1C, 2C, of the larger area of the building element, 110. A set of tongues, 10', placed on the first vertical wall of smaller area, 1A, of one building element, 110, is combined with a set of grooves, 11', placed on the second vertical wall of smaller area, 2A, of a second building element, 110, of the same type.

[0068] Fig. 11a - Fig. 11b show the building element, 111, according to the eleventh example embodiment in axonometric, side and top views. Fig. 11a shows the building element, 111, in a view showing a second vertical wall with a smaller area, 2A, with two tongue and two grooves. According to this example embodiment, the connecting elements are placed on the second wall of smaller area, 2A, alternately as follows: the first groove, 11"a, having a shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid, where its shorter base is closer to the center of the building element, 111, and is parallel to the shorter edge of the walls of the larger area, 1C, 2C, of the building element, 111, the first tongue, 10"a, with a shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid, whose longer base is closer to the center of the building element, 111, and is parallel to the shorter edge of the walls of the larger area, 1C, 2C, of the building element, 111, second groove, 11"b, with a shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid, where its shorter base is closer to the center of the building element, 111, and is parallel to the shorter edge of the walls of the larger area, 1C, 2C, of the building element, 111, with a shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid the second tongue, 10"b, with a shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid, the longer base of which is closer to the center of the building element, 111, and is parallel to the shorter edge of the walls of the larger area, 1C, 2C, of the building element, 111.

[0069] On the other hand, Fig. 11b and Fig. 11c show the first vertical wall of a smaller area, 1A, with connecting elements placed on it in a different, alternating order: first tongue, 10"b, first groove, 11"b, second tongue, 10"a, second groove, 11 "a. The connecting elements, 10", 11", are of a shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid. The connecting elements, 10", 11", on the two walls with a smaller area, 1A, 2A, are placed in a different order. From Fig. 11b and Fig. 11c, it can be seen that placed on the first wall with a smaller surface, 1A, the first groove, 11"b, and the second tongue, 10'a, are partially shorter due to their placement on the extension of the interstitial space of the building element, 111, located between the two grooves, 2F, placed on the bottom surface, 2C, of the building element, 111. Likewise, placed on the second wall with a smaller surface area, 2A, the first tongue, 10"a, and the second groove, 11"b, shown in Fig. 11a and Fig. 11c are shorter due to their placement on an extension of the interstitial space, 2G, of the building element, 111, located between the two grooves, 2F, located on the opposite side of the bottom surface, 2C, of the building element, 111.

[0070] By inserting connecting elements in an alternating manner on each wall of smaller area, 1A, 2A, two building elements of the same type are connected to each other. In the first vertical wall of the smaller area, 1A, of one building element, 111, connecting elements, 10", 11", located on the second vertical wall of the smaller area, 2A, of the other building element, 111, of the same type are inserted. Thus, according to the eleventh example embodiment, the first tongue, 10"a, of the first wall of smaller area, 1A, enters the first groove, 11"a, of the second wall of smaller area, 2A, the first groove 11"b of the first wall, 1A, enters the first tongue, 10"a, of the second wall, 2A, the second tongue, 10"a, of the first wall, 1A, enters the second groove, 11"b, of the second wall, 2A, while the second groove, 11"a, of the first wall with a smaller area, 1A, enters the second tongue, 10"b, of the second wall, 2A. On each, opposite, wall of the smaller area, 1A, 2A, of the same building element, 111, is placed symmetrically axially about a central axis perpendicular to the surface of the walls, 1C, 2C, of the larger area of the building element, 111, a set of alternately placed two tongues, 10", and two grooves, 11". The set of alternately positioned two tongues, 10", and two grooves, 11", of the first wall with a smaller surface area, 1A, corresponds in shape / outline to the set of alternately positioned two tongues, 10", and two grooves, 11", of the second wall with a smaller surface area, 2A.

[0071] Fig.12a - Fig.12c show a building element according to the twelfth example embodiment in axonometric, side and top views. Fig.12a shows the building element, 112, in a view showing in the foreground a second vertical wall of smaller area, 2A, with two tongues, 10‴, and two grooves, 11‴. According to this example embodiment, the connecting elements, 10'", 11'", are placed on the second wall of the smaller area, 2A, alternately as follows: the first groove, 11‴a, having a shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid, wherein its shorter base is closer to the center of the building element, 112, and is parallel to the shorter edge of the walls of the larger area, 1C, 2C, of the building element, 112, the first tongue, 10'''a, with a shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid, wherein its longer base is closer to the center of the building element, 112, and is parallel to the shorter edge of the walls of the larger area, 1C, 2C, of the building element, 112, the second tongue, 10'''b, with a shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid, wherein its longer base is closer to the center of the building element, 112, and is parallel to the shorter edge of the walls of the larger area, 1C, 2C, of the building element, 112, a second groove, 11‴b, having a shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid, wherein its shorter base is closer to the center of the building element, 112, and is parallel to the shorter edge of the walls of the larger area, 1C, 2C of the building element, 112.

[0072] On the other hand, Fig. 12b and Fig. 12c show the first vertical wall with a smaller area, 1A, with connecting elements placed on it in a different, alternating order: first tongue, 10‴a, first groove, 11‴a, second groove, 11‴b, second tongue, 10"'b. The connecting elements, 10"'a, 11‴b, are of a shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid. The connecting elements, 10'", 11'", on both walls with a smaller area, 1A, 2A, are placed in a different order. From Fig. 12b and Fig. 12c, it can be seen that the two grooves, 11‴a, 11‴b, placed on the first wall with a smaller surface, 1A, are partially shorter due to their placement on the extension of the interstitial space, 2G, of the building element, 112, located between the two splines, 2F, placed on the bottom surface, 2C, of the building element, 112. In the same way, the two tongues, 10‴a, 10'''b, shown in Fig. 12a and Fig. 12c, placed on the second wall with a smaller surface area, 2A, are shorter due to their placement on the extension of the interstitial space, 2G, of the building element, 112, located between the two splines, 2F, located on the opposite side of the bottom surface, 2C, of the building element, 112.

[0073] By inserting alternating connecting elements, on each wall of smaller area, 1A, 2A, two building elements, 112, of the same type are connected to each other. In the first vertical wall of the smaller area, 1A, of one building element, 112, connecting elements, 10‴, 11'", located on the second vertical wall of the smaller area, 2A, of the other building element, 112, of the same type are inserted. Thus, according to the twelfth example embodiment, the first tongue, 10"'a, of the first wall of smaller area, 1A, enters the first groove, 11‴a, of the second wall of smaller area, 2A, the first groove 11‴a, of the first wall, 1A, enters the first tongue, 10‴a, of the second wall, 2A, the second groove, 11‴b, of the first wall, 1A, enters the second tongue, 10'''b, of the second wall, 2A, while the second tongue, 10'''b, of the first wall with a smaller area, 1A, enters the second groove, 11‴b, of the second wall, 2A. On each, opposite, wall, of the smaller area, 1A, 2A, of the same building element, 112, there is arranged a set of alternately positioned two tongues, 10"'b, and two grooves, 11‴b, of the same building element, 112, symmetrically about a central axis perpendicular to the surface of the walls, 1C, 2C, of the larger area of the building element, 112. The set of alternately placed two tongues, 10'", and two grooves, 11‴, of the first wall with smaller surface area, 1A, corresponds in shape / outline to the set of alternately placed two tongues, 10'", and two grooves, 11‴, of the second wall with smaller surface area, 2A.

[0074] Fig. 13a - Fig. 13d illustrate the building element, 113, according to the thirteenth example embodiment in axonometric, side, front, top and bottom views. Fig. 13a and Fig. 13b show the building element, 113, with a tongue, 12, having a shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid, and with a groove, 13, having a shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid. Fig. 13a shows a building element, 113, in a view showing a second vertical wall of a smaller area, 2A, with one groove, 13, which has a gouge, 13a, formed by the combination of a truncated pyramid and a cuboid. The gouge, 13a, in the second vertical wall with a smaller surface area, 2A, is made by picking out in the building element, 113, the shape of a truncated pyramid and then a cuboid. Formed by gouging the two geometric figures, the groove, 13, is shaped in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid. Fig. 13b, on the other hand, shows the first vertical wall with a smaller surface area, 1A, with a single tongue, 12, placed on it, with a contouring, 12a, formed by combining a cuboid and a truncated pyramid. That is, the first surface of the longer side of the cuboid is adjacent to the first vertical wall of the smaller surface, 1A, and the second surface of the longer side of the cuboid is adjacent to the larger base of the truncated pyramid. Formed by joining the two geometrical figures, the tongue, 12, is of a shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid. Fig. 13c shows a cross-section parallel to the walls of the smaller area, 1A, 2A. From Fig. 13b and Fig. 13c, it can be seen that the tongue, 12, placed on the first wall of the smaller surface area, 1A, in the middle part is aligned with the first contouring, 1B, of the building element, 113, since the tongue, 12, is placed on the extension of the interstitial space, 2G, of the building element, 113, located between the two splines, 2F, placed on the second wall of the larger surface area, hence otherwise on the bottom surface, 2C, of the building element, 113. Likewise, the groove, 13, shown in Fig. 13a and Fig. 13c, located on the second wall with a smaller surface area, 2A, is shaped to match the second contouring, 2B, due to its placement on an extension of the interstitial space, 2G, of the building element, 113, located between the two splines, 2F, located on the opposite side of the bottom surface, 2C, of the building element, 113. Fig. 13d reveals one of many possibilities for the construction of the building element, 113, of its second wall with a larger surface area, 2C. For example, the building element may have four splines, 2F, and between them a flat space also referred to as an interstitial space, 2G.

[0075] According to the thirteenth example embodiment, the first wall of the smaller area, 1A, of the building element, 113, has symmetrically with respect to the axis perpendicular to its longer sides placed one tongue, 12, with a shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid, wherein its longer base is closer to the center of the building element, 113, and is parallel to the shorter edge of the walls of the larger area, 1C, 2C, of building element, 113, and the second wall of the smaller area, 2A, of the building element, 113, has symmetrically with respect to the axis perpendicular to its longer sides placed at least one groove, 13, with a shape in cross-section close to an isosceles trapezoid, wherein its shorter base is closer to the center of the building element, 113, and is parallel to the shorter edge of the walls of the larger area, 1C, 2C, of the building element, 113. The thirteenth example embodiment is similar to the fifth example embodiment, but what distinguishes the two examples embodiment is the double contouring, 12a, and the corresponding double gouge, 13a, in the thirteenth example embodiment. The tongue, 12, located on the first vertical wall of the smaller area, 1A, of one building element, 113, connects to the groove, 13, located on the second vertical wall of the smaller area, 2A, of the second building element, 113, of the same type.

[0076] List of designations used in the drawing: 101building element according to the first example embodiment 1Athe first wall with a smaller area 1Bthe first gouge placed on the first wall with a smaller area, 1Cthe first wall with a larger area 1Dspline 1D'spline 1Espline 1Ginterstitial space on the top surface of the building element 2tongue 2atongue contouring 2Aa second wall with a smaller area 2Ba second gouge placed on the second wall with a smaller area, 2Ca second wall with a larger area 2Fgroove 2Ginterstitial space on the bottom surface of the building element 3groove 3agroove gouge 102building element according to the second example embodiment 4tongue 4atongue contouring 5groove 103building element according to the third example embodiment 6tongue 7groove 104building element according to the fourth example embodiment 8tongue 8atongue contouring 9groove 9agroove gouging 105building element according to the fifth example embodiment 10tongue 11groove 106building element according to the sixth example embodiment 107building element according to the seventh example embodiment 108building element according to the eighth example embodiment 109building element according to the ninth example embodiment 110building element according to the tenth example embodiment 111building element according to the eleventh example embodiment 112building element according to the twelfth example embodiment 113building element according to the thirteenth example embodiment 12tongue 12atongue contouring 13groove 13agroove gouging

Examples

Embodiment Construction

[0051]This description shows example embodiments of building elements that have differently formed vertical walls of smaller area. Advantageously, at least one tongue is formed in the first wall with a smaller area, while at least one groove is formed in the second wall with a smaller area. According to the invention, the building elements can be made of concrete, lightweight concrete, aggregate lightweight concrete, cellular concrete or microporous concrete, or other ceramic, polymeric, metal, wood, or hybrid and composite materials. Preferably, the building element has a dimension of length in the range of 1 to 5000 mm, width in the range of 1 to 5000 mm and height in the range of 1 to 1500 mm, more preferably when the length-to-width ratio of the element is in the range of 10:1, 9:1; 8:1, 7:1 6.1; 5:1, 4:1, 3:1; 2:1, 1:1, most preferably when the length-to-width ratio of the element is 2:1 or 1:1, with no limitation on the height of the element.

[0052]Building elements, 101-113, o...

Claims

1. A building element in the form of a cuboid having two parallel walls with a larger area and two parallel, vertical walls with a smaller area, wherein the walls with a larger area have splines and / or interstitial spaces, characterized in that the first wall with a smaller area (1A) of the building element (101-113) has at least one tongue (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 10', 10", 10''', 12) placed symmetrically with respect to an axis perpendicular to the longer sides thereof, and the second, opposite, wall with a smaller area (2A) of the building element (101-113) has at least one groove (3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 11', 11", 11‴, 13) placed therein, wherein at least one tongue (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12) of the first wall with a smaller area (1A) of the building element (101-113) corresponds in shape to at least one groove (3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 11', 11", 11‴, 13) of the second wall with a smaller area (2A) of the building element (101-113).

2. The building element according to claim 1, characterized in that on the second, opposite, wall with a smaller area (2A) of the building element (101-113) at least one groove (3, 5, 7, 9, 11', 11", 11‴, 13) is placed symmetrically with respect to a perpendicular axis to its longer sides.

3. The building element according to claim 1, characterized in that on the second wall with a smaller area (2A) of the building element (105-112) symmetrically with respect to a perpendicular axis to its longer sides, at least two grooves (11, 11', 11", 11‴) or a tongue (10) and a groove (11, 11', 11", 11‴) or at least one tongue (10) and at least two grooves (11, 11', 11", 11‴) or at least two tongues (10) and one groove (11, 11', 11", 11‴) are placed symmetrically axially with respect to the central axis perpendicular to the surfaces of the walls with a larger area (1C, 2C).

4. The building element according to claim 1, characterized in that on the first wall with a smaller area (1A) of the building element (107, 109, 111, 112) at least one tongue (10, 10", 10‴) and at least one groove (11, 11", 11') are placed symmetrically with respect to a perpendicular axis to its longer sides.

5. The building element according to claim 1, characterized in that if a given number of tongues (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 10', 12) is placed on the first wall with a smaller area (1A) of the building element (101-106, 108, 110, 113) then the same number of grooves (3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 11', 13) corresponding in shape to the tongues from the first wall with a smaller area (1A) of the building element (101-106, 108, 110, 113) is placed on the second, opposite, wall with a smaller area (2A) of the same building element (101-106, 108, 110, 113).

6. The building element according to claim 1, characterized in that if at least one tongue (10, 10") and at least one groove (11, 11") is placed alternately on the first wall with a smaller area (1A) of the building element (107, 111) then at least one tongue (10, 10") and at least one groove (11, 11") is placed alternately on the second wall with a smaller area (2A) of the same building element (107, 111) in the same order as on the first wall with a smaller area (1A) of the building element (107, 111), so that they correspond in shape to the tongues (10, 10") and grooves (11, 11") placed on the first wall with a smaller area (1A) of the building element (107, 111).

7. The building element according to claim 1, characterized in that if tongues (10, 10‴) and grooves (11, 11‴) are placed alternately on the first wall with a smaller area (1A) of the building element (109, 112) then tongues (10, 10‴) and grooves (11, 11‴) are placed alternately on the second wall with a smaller area (2A) of the building element (109, 112) in the reverse order than on the first wall with a smaller area (1A) of the building element (109, 112), so that they correspond in shape to the tongues and grooves placed on the first wall with a smaller area (1A) of the building element (109, 112).

8. The building element according to claim 1, characterized in that if any alternating combination of tongues (10, 10', 10", 10‴) and grooves (11, 11', 11", 11‴) is placed on the first wall with a smaller area (1A) of the building element (106-112) then any alternating combination of tongues (10, 10', 10", 10‴) and grooves (11, 11', 11", 11‴) is placed on the second wall with a smaller area (2A) of the building element (106-112) in the same or reverse order as on the first wall with a smaller area (1A) of the building element (106-112), so that they correspond in shape to the tongues and grooves placed on the first wall with a smaller area (1A) of the building element (106-112).

9. The building element according to claim 1, characterized in that the building element (101, 103, 106-113) has at least one tongue (2, 6, 10, 10', 10", 10''', 12) on the first wall with a smaller area (1A) with a cross-sectional shape close to an isosceles trapezoid and at least one groove (3, 7, 11, 11', 11", 11‴, 13) on the second, opposite, wall with a smaller area (2A) with a cross-sectional shape close to an isosceles trapezoid.

10. The building element according to claim 1, characterized in that in the building element (101), the tongue (2) with a first cross-sectional shape close to an isosceles trapezoid has arms consisting of two segments forming an obtuse angle, and its longer base is located closer to the center of the building element (101) and is parallel to the shorter edge of the walls with a larger area (1C, 2C) of the building element (101), and the groove (3) with a first cross-sectional shape close to an isosceles trapezoid has arms consisting of two segments forming an obtuse angle and its shorter base is located closer to the center of the building element (101) and is parallel to the shorter edge of the walls with a larger area (1C, 2C) of the building element (101).

11. The building element according to claim 1, characterized in that in the building element (103) the tongue (6) with a second cross-sectional shape close to an isosceles trapezoid has its shorter base located closer to the center of the building element (103), which is parallel to the shorter edge of the walls with a larger area (1C, 2C) of the building element (103), and the groove (7) with a second cross-sectional shape close to an isosceles trapezoid has its longer base located closer to the center of the building element (103), which is parallel to the shorter edge of the walls with a larger area (1C, 2C) of the building element (103).

12. The building element according to claim 1, characterized in that the tongue (10) with a third shape having a cross-sectional shape close to an isosceles trapezoid, has its longer base located closer to the center of the building element (105-113), which is parallel to the shorter edge of the walls with a larger area (1C, 2C) of the building element (105-113).

13. The building element according to claim 1, characterized in that the groove (11, 11', 11", 11‴) with a third shape, having a cross-sectional shape close to an isosceles trapezoid, has its shorter base located closer to the center of the building element (105-112), which is parallel to the shorter edge of the walls with the largest area (1C, 2C) of the building element (105-112).

14. The building element according to claim 10, characterized in that the tongue (4) with a fourth shape having a cross-sectional shape close to a rectangle, has its longer sides parallel to the shorter edge of the walls with a larger area (1C, 2C) of the building element (102), and the groove (5) with a fourth shape having a cross-sectional shape close to a rectangle, has its longer sides parallel to the shorter edge of the walls with a larger area (1C, 2C) of the building element (102).

15. The building element according to claim 1, characterized in that the tongue (8) with a fifth shape has a cross-sectional shape close to an isosceles trapezoid with arms consisting of two segments forming a concave angle, wherein its shorter base is located closer to the center of the building element (104) and is parallel to the shorter edge of the walls with a larger area (1C, 2C) of the building element (104), and that the groove (9) with a fifth shape has a cross-sectional shape close to an isosceles trapezoid with arms consisting of two segments forming a concave angle, wherein the longer base of the isosceles trapezoid is located closer to the center of the building element (104) and is parallel to the shorter edge of the walls with a larger area (1C, 2C) of the building element (104).

16. The building element according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the building element (113) the tongue (12) is of a third shape with a cross-sectional shape close to an isosceles trapezoid, wherein its arms consist of two segments forming an obtuse angle, and its longer base is located closer to the center of the building element (113), which is parallel to the shorter edge of the walls with a larger area (1C, 2C) of the building element (113), and the groove (13) with a third shape with a cross-sectional shape close to an isosceles trapezoid, wherein its legs consist of two segments forming an obtuse angle and its shorter base is located closer to the center of the building element (113) and is parallel to the shorter edge of the walls with a larger area (1C, 2C) of the building element (113).

17. The building element according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that in one building element at least one tongue is of a first shape and / or of a second shape and / or of a third shape and / or of a fourth shape and / or of a fifth shape, and at least one groove is of a first shape and / or of a second shape and / or of a third shape and / or of a fourth shape and / or of a fifth shape.

Images