Operating method for a metallurgical plant in iron or steel production

Abstract

During the operation of a metallurgical plant (1, 9, 10) in iron or steel production, a gas (2) containing solid particles (4) is produced. Samples of the gas (2) are repeatedly taken. By means of analysis of the samples taken, at least one analysis value (n) of the gas (2) is determined in each case. Based on the determination of the analysis value (n), at least one process parameter (P) of the metallurgical plant (1, 9, 10) is updated. The objective is for the at least one analysis value (n) of the gas (2) to come closer to a target value (n*). The at least one analysis value (n) is a quantity of solid particles (4) based on a predetermined amount of the gas (2).

Description

[0001] Description

[0002] Title of the invention

[0003] Operating procedure for a metallurgical plant for iron or steel production

[0004] field of technology

[0005] The present invention is based on an operating method for a metallurgical plant for metal production, preferably for iron or steel production, during the operation of which a gas is produced which contains solid particles,

[0006] - whereby samples of the gas are taken repeatedly and at least one analytical value of the gas is determined by means of an analysis of the sample taken in each case,

[0007] - whereby, based on the determination of the analysis value, at least one process parameter of the metallurgical plant is adjusted with the aim of bringing the at least one analysis value of the gas closer to a target value.

[0008] The present invention further relates to a control program for a control device of a metallurgical plant for metal production, preferably for iron or steel production, during the operation of which a gas is produced which contains solid particles, wherein the control program comprises machine code which can be processed by the control device, wherein the processing of the machine code by the control device causes the control device to operate the metallurgical plant according to such an operating method.

[0009] The present invention further relates to a control device for a metallurgical plant for metal production, preferably for iron or steel production, during the operation of which a gas is produced which contains solid particles, wherein the control device is programmed with such a control program, so that the control device operates the metallurgical plant in accordance with such an operating method during operation.

[0010] The present invention further relates to a metallurgical plant for metal production, preferably for iron or steel production, during the operation of which a gas is produced which contains solid particles, wherein the metallurgical plant has such a control device which operates the metallurgical plant during operation according to such an operating method.

[0011] State of the art

[0012] The aforementioned objects are generally known. US20160279646A1 discloses a method for operating a filter system for filtering an exhaust gas from a metallurgical plant, wherein the gas comprises solid particles and the filter system has at least one pair of electrodes, to each of which an electrical power and / or an electrical voltage and / or an electrical current can be applied.

[0013] Depending on a process phase of the metallurgical plant, a target value is determined for the electrode pair or pairs.

[0014] A dust sensor is located downstream of the filter. Depending on the measured dust concentration, the setpoint value(s) for the respective electrode pair(s) is changed.

[0015] WO2017162394A1 shows a filter device that, during normal operation, filters dust-laden exhaust gas using filter bags. During cleaning operation, a cleaning gas is applied to each filter group on the exhaust air side via an associated valve, causing the filter cake to separate from the filter bags on the supply air side. A sensor device arranged in the exhaust air duct detects the particle contamination of the exhaust gas caused by the cleaning operation of the respective filter group. A monitoring device receives the resulting contamination of the exhaust gas and determines the status of each filter group.

[0016] JPA1998130709 describes a process in which scrap is introduced into an iron bath in a converter, and molten iron is obtained by supplying oxygen through a lance and melting the scrap during the combustion of a carbonaceous material in the vessel. The amount of molten slag in the vessel is maintained within a specified range. Based on the measurement of a dust sensor in the exhaust gas, the height of the lance is controlled to maintain the sensor's dust concentration reading at or below a specified value.

[0017] JPA 1996188807 is in the field of ironmaking. Manufacturing costs can be reduced by continuously measuring the reaction amount of coal dust injected into the blast furnace. During blast furnace operation, relatively inexpensive coal dust is injected, thereby reducing the use of expensive lump coke for the blast furnace. The amount of discharged dust is determined from the amount of gas escaping from the top of the blast furnace and the concentration of dust in the gas, and compared with the amount of dust when no coal dust is injected from the tuyere. Thus, the amount of dust generated by the injection of coal dust is calculated. The reaction amount of coal dust in the blast furnace is determined from the amount of dust and the amount of coal dust injected. The increase in the oxygen enrichment ratio is controlled according to the result.The use of coal dust is increased as much as possible to reduce the coke ratio and reduce the ironmaking costs of the blast furnace.

[0018] KR102387984B1 is in the field of dust extraction systems for arc furnaces. Shows. The exhaust gas escaping through the lid of the electric furnace is detected. The dust extraction system comprises a fan and a dust filter with a plurality of filter bags. The extraction can be adjusted to a greater or lesser extent at different points using flaps. A main control unit for controlling the fan speed also includes a sensor unit. A dust sensor in the sensor unit measures the dust concentration in the exhaust gas. This measured value influences the fan speed and the position of the dust extraction system's flaps.

[0019] CN217351426U is located in the field of converter steel production. It includes a dust measurement system based on a glass fiber filter element.

[0020] Summary of the invention

[0021] During the operation of a metallurgical plant for metal production, preferably for iron or steel production, gases containing solid particles are often produced. If these gases are released into the environment immediately or at a later time, they cause corresponding environmental pollution. Therefore, the aim is to prevent the formation of solid particles as far as possible. In particular, incomplete combustion of coal or carbon can lead to the emission of solid particles such as soot, unburnt carbon, or unburnt char. Under unfavorable combustion conditions, these particles can make up over 90% of the total particle mass, while under favorable combustion conditions they can fall below 1%.

[0022] The solid particles present not only cause environmental pollution but also provide significant information about the metallurgical process taking place in the metallurgical plant. They can therefore be used to optimize the metallurgical process.

[0023] In the prior art, the analysis is typically used to determine the chemical composition of the gas. Furthermore, the analysis is often used to determine the total amount of solid particles, for example, how many milligrams of solid particles are contained in one cubic meter of gas. While this information can be used to meet environmental regulations, it is not optimal for a technological assessment of the metallurgical process taking place in the metallurgical plant and a control of the metallurgical process or metallurgical plant based on this. The object of the present invention is to create possibilities by means of which the metallurgical process taking place in the metallurgical plant or the metallurgical plant itself can be controlled in an improved manner.

[0024] The object is achieved by an operating method having the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the operating method are the subject of dependent claims 2 to 10.

[0025] According to the invention, an operating method of the type mentioned at the outset is designed in that the at least one analysis value is a number of solid particles related to a predetermined amount of the gas.

[0026] Within the scope of the present invention, it is therefore not important to chemically analyze the gas. Nor is it important to determine the total amount of solid particles. Rather, it is important to determine the number of solid particles contained in a predetermined amount of gas. This determination can be performed, as needed, alternatively to or in addition to the prior art procedures, i.e., chemical analysis of the gas and determination of the total amount of solid particles.

[0027] Gas samples are taken repeatedly. In the context of the invention, "repeatedly" can be understood as a continuous sampling or a measurement frequency specified by the process of the metallurgical plant in order to meaningfully determine the process variable and bring the gas analysis value closer to a target value. Furthermore, the sampling can depend on the respective analysis device, which determines how quickly it can evaluate the sample. For example, the time required to determine the number of solid particles in a sample can be 15 seconds or more.

[0028] Here are a few examples to illustrate the teaching of the invention and how it differs from the prior art approach. What all of the examples have in common is that it is assumed that the gas contains particles 4 pm and / or 8 pm in size, that the 4 pm particles each have a mass of 10 ng, that the 8 pm particles each have a mass of 50 ng, and that particles up to 10 pm in size are important. The numerical values ​​are purely exemplary, but they make it very clear what the difference is between the prior art approach and the present invention.

[0029] Example 1

[0030] Assume that the gas contains 50 particles with a size of 4 pm and 50 particles with a size of 8 pm per cubic meter. In the prior art, the value 50 x 10 ng + 50 x 50 ng = 3000 ng = 3 pg is determined and utilized by analyzing a sample of the gas. In the present invention, however, the value 50 + 50 = 100 solid particles is determined and utilized.

[0031] Example 2

[0032] As in Example 1, but with 100 particles with a size of 4 pm and 0 particles with a size of 8 pm. In the prior art, the value 100 x 10 ng + 0 x 50 ng = 1000 ng = 1 pg is determined and used by analyzing a gas sample. In the present invention, however, the value 100 + 0 = 100 solid particles is determined and used.

[0033] Example 3

[0034] As in Example 1, but 0 particles with a size of 4 pm and 100 particles with a size of 8 pm are included. In the prior art, the value 0 x 10 ng + 100 x 50 ng = 5000 ng = 5 pg is then determined and used by analyzing a gas sample. In the present invention, however, the value 0 + 100 = 100 solid particles is determined and used.

[0035] By scaling Example 3 by a factor of 3 and Example 3 by a factor of 0.6, it can also be easily demonstrated that, with the same result of the prior art (namely 3 pg in each case), different results are determined according to the present invention, namely 300 solid particles in the case of Example 2 and 60 solid particles in the case of Example 3.

[0036] According to the invention, at least one analysis value is related to the number of solid particles up to a predetermined maximum size of 1 pm, preferably 5 pm, or to the number of solid particles between a minimum size of 100 nm, preferably 50 nm, particularly preferably 10 nm and a maximum size of 1 pm, preferably 5 pm.

[0037] Preferably, the at least one analysis value relates to the number of solid particles up to a predetermined maximum size or to the number of solid particles between a minimum size and a maximum size. The number of solid particles determined during the analysis can therefore relate, for example, to the number of solid particles up to a size of 50 nm (so-called nucleation mode), to the number of solid particles with a size between 50 nm and 100 nm (so-called Aitken mode) or to the number of solid particles with a size between 100 nm and 1 pm (so-called accumulation mode). Although the numerical values ​​mentioned are common, they are in principle purely exemplary. Furthermore, the determination of more than one individual analysis value is also possible. For example, three analysis values ​​can be determined, with one of the analysis values ​​indicating the number of solid particles in each of the size ranges mentioned above.A preferred embodiment provides that the number of solid particles is determined using a Faraday Cup Electrometer (FCE).

[0038] A particularly preferred embodiment provides that the number of solid particles is detected based on an optical principle, preferably using a condensation particle counter (CPC).

[0039] An analyzer for determining the number of solid particles up to a predetermined size can have the following measurement setup for an aerosol size distribution. This measurement setup typically consists of a neutralizer, a differential mobility analyzer (DMA), and a Faraday cup electrometer or an optical measuring instrument, such as a condensation particle counter (CPC).

[0040] In many cases, an iron-containing input product is fed into the metallurgical plant, which is then processed into an iron-containing output product. Examples of such metallurgical plants include a direct reduction plant, a sintering plant, a pelletizing plant, a blast furnace, an electric arc furnace, a smelter, and a converter. A smelter is an electrically operated furnace for producing liquid metal, particularly pig iron. Direct reduced iron, for example, is used as an input material in the smelter. Slag is also produced during the production of pig iron in the smelter.

[0041] In a direct reduction plant, iron ore is processed into sponge iron. In a sintering plant, iron ore is processed into small, ore-bearing, agglomerated particles. In a pelletizing plant, loose iron ore is processed with the aid of binding agents and additives into solid balls (pellets) of iron ore with a modified chemical composition. In particular, waste rock is removed. In a blast furnace, iron ore is smelted into (more or less pure) iron. In an electric arc furnace, solid steel (including scrap) is smelted into liquid steel, or sponge iron is melted into liquid steel, or liquid iron is refined into steel. Further steel refining can also take place. This applies equally to a BOF and an AOD.

[0042] The process parameter can be determined as needed. In a metallurgical plant that receives an iron-containing input product that is processed in the metallurgical plant into an iron-containing output product, the process parameter can be, for example, a quantity and / or composition of a fuel fed to the metallurgical plant and / or a quantity and / or composition of a hot blast fed to the metallurgical plant and / or a time at which the iron-containing output product is removed from the metallurgical plant. The location at which the samples are taken can also be determined as needed in such a metallurgical plant. In the simplest case, the samples are taken "above burden."In this case, the samples are taken using a sampling device, e.g. a measuring probe, from a region of a gas flow path that is downstream of the area where the iron-containing input product and the iron-containing output product are located. However, it is also possible for the samples to be taken using a measuring probe from a region of a gas flow path and for part of the iron-containing input product and / or the iron-containing output product to be located downstream of the region. Samples can therefore also be taken "sub burden". Both "above burden" and "sub burden" sampling can be useful, particularly in a blast furnace.

[0043] As an alternative to a metallurgical plant that receives an iron-containing input product and processes it into an iron-containing output product, it is possible for a cold blast to be fed to the metallurgical plant, which is heated in the metallurgical plant to form a hot blast, which in turn is fed to another metallurgical plant that processes an iron-containing input product into an iron-containing output product, and for the gas to be the hot blast. Such a metallurgical plant is often referred to as a hot stove. In it, stones are usually heated, which in turn heat the cold blast to form a hot blast. The further metallurgical plant downstream of such a metallurgical plant is often a blast furnace. However, other types of additional metallurgical plants are also possible.

[0044] Even if a metallurgical plant is fed with a cold blast, which is heated to a hot blast, the process parameter can be determined as needed. In particular, the process parameter in such a metallurgical plant can be, for example, the quantity of fuel fed to the metallurgical plant and / or the quantity and / or composition of the cold blast fed to the metallurgical plant.

[0045] The object is further achieved by a control program having the features of claim 10. With the aid of a sampling device, a sample is repeatedly taken, and by means of an analysis in an analysis device, at least one analysis value of the gas is determined for each sample taken. According to the invention, the processing of the machine code by the control device causes the control device to operate the metallurgical plant according to an operating method according to the invention. Preferably, the processing of the machine code by the control device simultaneously also causes at least one of the advantageous embodiments of the operating method to be implemented. The object is further achieved by a control device having the features of claim 12. With the aid of a sampling device, a sample is repeatedly taken, and by means of an analysis in an analysis device, at least one analysis value of the gas is determined for each sample taken.According to the invention, the control device is programmed with a control program according to the invention, so that the control device operates the metallurgical plant in operation according to an operating method according to the invention.

[0046] The object is further achieved by a metallurgical plant for iron or steel production with the features of claim 13. A sample is repeatedly taken using a sampling device, and at least one analytical value of the gas is determined by analyzing the sample taken in an analytical device. According to the invention, the control device of the metallurgical plant is designed as a control device according to the invention, which operates the metallurgical plant during operation according to an operating method according to the invention.

[0047] Short description of the drawings

[0048] The above-described properties, features, and advantages of this invention, as well as the manner in which they are achieved, will become clearer and more readily understood in connection with the following description of an embodiment, which is explained in more detail in conjunction with the drawings.

[0049] FIG 1 shows in abstract form a metallurgical plant,

[0050] FIG 2 a flow chart,

[0051] FIG 3 a particle distribution,

[0052] FIG 4 several metallurgical plants interacting with each other,

[0053] FIG 5 a metallurgical plant,

[0054] FIG 6 a modification of the metallurgical plant of FIG 5,

[0055] FIG 7 another metallurgical plant and

[0056] FIG 8 shows an arrangement of a measuring probe in a flow path of a gas.

[0057] Description of the embodiments

[0058] FIG. 1 shows, in a very abstract form, a metallurgical plant 1 for iron or steel production. During operation of the plant 1, a gas 2 is produced. The gas 2 is discharged from the metallurgical plant 1. The gas is discharged via a discharge line 3. The discharge line 3 can be designed, for example, as a chimney, a stack, a pipe, or in another way. According to FIG. 1, the gas 2 contains solid particles 4, for example, small carbon particles. In many cases, a blast 5 is supplied to the metallurgical plant 1. Depending on the type of metallurgical plant 1, the blast 5 can be a hot blast or a cold blast.

[0059] The plant 1 has a control device 6 that operates the metallurgical plant 1. The control device 6 is programmed with a control program 7. The control program 7 includes machine code 8 that can be processed by the control device 6. Due to the programming of the control device 6 with the control program 7, the control device 6 processes the machine code 8 during operation. The processing of the machine code 8 by the control device 6 causes the control device 6 to operate the metallurgical plant 1 according to an operating method that is explained in more detail below in conjunction with FIG. 2.

[0060] According to FIG 2, the control device 6 controls the metallurgical plant 1 in a step S1 according to process parameters P which the control device 6 has previously determined. In a step S2, a sample of the gas 2 is taken and analyzed in a step S3. By analyzing the taken sample, at least one analysis value n of the gas 2 is determined in step S3. In a step S4, the control device 6 adjusts at least one of the process parameters P of the metallurgical plant 1. The adjustment is carried out on the basis of the determination of the analysis value n with the aim of bringing the at least one analysis value n of the gas 2 closer to a target value n*. From step S4, the control device 6 returns to step S1, so that when step S1 is executed again, it controls the metallurgical process 1 according to the value of the at least one process parameter P determined in step S4.

[0061] Steps S1 to S4 are repeatedly executed iteratively by the control device 6. The execution can be performed online or quasi-real-time, i.e., in particular, by incorporating the analytical values ​​n determined from the samples taken into the control system of the metallurgical plant 1.

[0062] The direction and / or extent to which the at least one process parameter P must be adjusted can be determined by the control device 6, for example, by having an internal technological model of the metallurgical process taking place in the metallurgical plant 1, by means of which it models the metallurgical process. The analysis value n and, if appropriate, further variables that describe the current state of the metallurgical plant 1 can be fed to the model. The model can output the (new) value of the at least one process parameter P as an output variable. If appropriate, the technological model can be implemented using statistical models or adaptive algorithms (e.g., a neural network). Alternatively, formulas or characteristic curves that describe the functional relationship between the analysis value n and the at least one process parameter P can be stored in the control device 6.The characteristic curves can, if necessary, be parameterized with variables that describe the current state of metallurgical plant 1. A lookup table is also possible.

[0063] The at least one analysis value n can be a number of solid particles 4 in the gas 2 related to a predetermined amount of the gas 2 (for example one cubic meter under normal conditions or otherwise defined conditions or 1 kg).

[0064] It is possible that the at least one analysis value n is independent of the size of the solid particles 4 and only indicates the total number of solid particles 4. As a rule, however, the at least one analysis value n relates to the number of solid particles 4 up to a predetermined maximum size or to the number of solid particles 4 between a minimum size and a maximum size. For example - see FIG 3 - an analysis value n = n1 can be determined which is characteristic of the number of solid particles 4 up to a size g1. There is no defined lower limit for the size of the solid particles 4 that are included in the analysis value n = n1. However, it is possible that very small solid particles 4 are no longer detected for metrological reasons.Alternatively or additionally - see FIG 3 - an analysis value n = n2 can be determined which is characteristic for the number of solid particles 4 from a size g2 up to a size g3. In this case, in addition to a defined upper limit g3 (maximum value), there is also a defined lower limit g2 (minimum value) for the size of the solid particles 4. It is also possible to determine several analysis values ​​n analogous to the analysis value n1 (i.e. with a defined upper limit, but without a defined lower limit) and / or several analysis values ​​n analogous to the analysis value n2 (i.e. with a defined lower limit and a defined upper limit). Depending on the individual case, the different size ranges can overlap or be disjoint. In the latter case, they can be adjacent to one another.In practice, it is often useful to determine a separate analysis value n for the number of solid particles 4 up to a size of 50 nm (nucleation mode), for the number of solid particles 4 with a size between 50 nm and 100 nm (Aitken mode) or for the number of solid particles 4 with a size between 100 nm and 1 pm (accumulation mode).

[0065] The values ​​g1, g2, and g3 may depend on the measurement method. However, the principle remains the same regardless of the measurement method.

[0066] FIG. 4 shows a metallurgical plant 9 and another metallurgical plant 10. Both the metallurgical plant 9 and the metallurgical plant 10 are metallurgical plants 1 within the meaning of the present invention. Hereinafter, the reference numerals 1, 9, and 10 are used for the metallurgical plant as required. Where reference numerals 9 and 10 are used, this refers to the specific metallurgical plant of FIG. 4. Where reference numeral 1 is used, this refers generally to a metallurgical plant. The metallurgical plant 9 is a metallurgical plant to which a cold blast 11 is supplied and from which a hot blast 12 is discharged. In the metallurgical plant 9, the hot blast 12 is the gas 2 within the meaning of the present invention. To heat up (heat) the cold blast 11 to the hot blast 12, at least one fuel 13 is supplied to the metallurgical plant 9, for example coal, oil, natural gas or hydrogen.By burning the fuel 13, heat exchangers 14 arranged in the metallurgical plant 9 are heated, which in turn heat the cold blast 11 to the hot blast 12. Such a metallurgical plant 9 is known to experts as a "hot stove."

[0067] An iron-containing input product 15 is fed to the metallurgical plant 10. The iron-containing input product 15 is processed in the metallurgical plant 10 into an iron-containing output product 16. During operation of the metallurgical plant 10, an exhaust gas 17 is produced. In the metallurgical plant 10, the exhaust gas 17 is gas 2 within the meaning of the present invention.

[0068] According to FIG. 4, the metallurgical plant 10 is subordinate to the metallurgical plant 9 in the sense that the metallurgical plant 10 is supplied with the hot blast 12 generated by the metallurgical plant 9. The hot blast 12 is utilized by the metallurgical plant 10 in the course of processing the iron-containing input product 15 into the iron-containing output product 16.

[0069] In the case of the metallurgical plant 9, the process parameter P can be a quantity of fuel 13 that is supplied to the metallurgical plant 9. This is indicated in FIG. 5 by a metering device 18, which is arranged in a feed line 19 for supplying the fuel 13 and on which the process parameter P acts. If more than one fuel 13 is used, for example, oil and natural gas or coal and hydrogen, the composition or distribution of the fuel 13 can also be adjusted alternatively or in addition to the quantity.

[0070] Alternatively or additionally, the process parameter P in the case of the metallurgical plant 9 can be a quantity of cold blast 11 that is fed to the metallurgical plant 9. This is indicated in FIG 5 by a valve 20 that is arranged in a supply line 21 for supplying the cold blast 11 and on which the process parameter P acts. If necessary, air 22 and oxygen 23 can also be supplied to the metallurgical plant 9 via separate valves 24 and separate supply lines 25, as shown in FIG 6. In this case, the process parameter P can be or influence not only the quantity of cold blast 11, but also its composition. In the case of the metallurgical plant 10, the process parameter P can be a quantity of fuel 26 that is fed to the metallurgical plant 10.This is indicated in FIG. 7 by a valve 27, which is arranged in a supply line 28 for supplying the fuel 26 and on which the process parameter P acts. If more than one fuel 26 is used, the composition or distribution of the fuel 26 can be adjusted - analogous to the fuel 13 of the metallurgical plant 9 - alternatively or in addition to the quantity. For example, in many cases, coal dust 29 is supplied to the metallurgical plant 10 in addition to a main fuel, for example, blown into a process chamber of the metallurgical plant 10. In this case, the process parameter P can also be a quantity of coal dust 29 supplied to the metallurgical plant 10.

[0071] Alternatively or additionally, the process parameter P in the case of the metallurgical plant 10 can be a quantity of hot blast 12 supplied to the metallurgical plant 10. This is indicated in FIG. 7 by a valve 30 arranged in a supply line 31 for supplying the hot blast 12 and on which the process parameter P acts. Analogous to FIG. 6, air 22 and oxygen 23 can also be supplied to the metallurgical plant 10 via separate valves and dedicated supply lines. In this case, the process parameter P can be or influence not only the quantity of hot blast 12, but also its composition.

[0072] In the metallurgical plant 10, other variables can also be considered as process parameters P. For example, in many cases, the metallurgical plant 10 is operated as a so-called batch operation, in which a respective batch of the iron-containing starting product 16 is withdrawn from the metallurgical plant 10 from time to time. In such cases, a point in time at which the iron-containing starting product 16 is withdrawn from the metallurgical plant 10 can also be considered as process parameter P.

[0073] The samples of gas 2 are taken according to FIG 8 using a measuring probe 32. The measuring probe 32 can, for example, be designed as a lance that is only temporarily introduced into the flow path of the gas 2. Alternatively, the measuring probe 32 can be permanently arranged in the flow path of the gas 2. The location at which the measuring probe 32 is or will be arranged can always be selected - regardless of the type of metallurgical plant 1 - according to FIG 8 (upper illustration of the measuring probe 32) such that the measuring probe 32 is surrounded and flowed around exclusively by the gas 2 (and the solid particles 4 contained therein). In this case, in the metallurgical plant 10, the sample is taken from a region of the flow path of the gas 2 in which no part of the iron-containing input product 15 and / or the iron-containing output product 16 is located. The sample is therefore taken “above burden”.However, in the metallurgical plant 10, according to FIG 8 (lower illustration of the measuring probe 32), it is also possible in some cases for the location at which the measuring probe 32 is or will be arranged to be selected such that the measuring probe 32 is also surrounded by the iron-containing input product 15 and / or the iron-containing output product 16. In this case, in the metallurgical plant 10, the sample is taken from a region of the flow path of the gas 2 in which a portion of the iron-containing input product 15 and / or the iron-containing output product 16 is located. Thus, as seen from the measuring probe 32, a portion of the iron-containing input product 15 and / or the iron-containing output product 16 is located downstream of the flow path of the gas 2. The sample is therefore taken "sub-surface".

[0074] The present invention has many advantages. In particular, the type of evaluation provides improved insight into the metallurgical process taking place in the metallurgical plant 1, so that the operation of the metallurgical plant 1 can be improved. The criterion with respect to which the quality of the operation of the metallurgical plant 1 or the metallurgical process is evaluated can be as required. It can be an environmental influence, a quality characteristic, for example, of a produced iron-containing starting product 16, an energy requirement (in particular of fuel 13, 26), an extent of wear of the metallurgical plant 1, and others. The procedure according to the invention can be carried out as an alternative to or in addition to prior art procedures, as required. In particular, it can be integrated into the so-called L2 system of the metallurgical plant 1.

[0075] Although the invention has been illustrated and described in detail by the preferred embodiments, the invention is not limited by the disclosed examples and other variations may be derived therefrom by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention.

[0076] List of reference symbols

[0077] 1 system

[0078] 2 Gas

[0079] 3 Derivation

[0080] 4 solid particles

[0081] 5 Wind

[0082] 6 Control device

[0083] 7 Control program

[0084] 8 Machine code

[0085] 9 upstream metallurgical plant

[0086] 10 subordinate metallurgical plant

[0087] 11 Cold Wind

[0088] 12 Hot wind

[0089] 13, 26 Fuel

[0090] 14 heat exchangers

[0091] 15 iron-containing input product

[0092] 16 iron-containing starting product

[0093] 17 Exhaust

[0094] 18, 27 Dosing devices

[0095] 20, 24, 30 valves

[0096] 19, 21, 25, 28, 31 supply lines

[0097] 22 Air

[0098] 23 Oxygen

[0099] 29 Coal dust

[0100] 32 Measuring probe gl, g2, g3 Sizes n, n1 , n2 Analysis values ​​n* Setpoint

[0101] P Process parameters

[0102] S1 to S4 steps

Claims

Claims 1. Operating method for a metallurgical plant (1, 9, 10) for metal production, preferably for iron or steel production, during the operation of which a gas (2) is produced which contains solid particles (4), - wherein samples of the gas (2) are repeatedly taken and at least one analysis value (n) of the gas (2) is determined by means of an analysis of the sample taken in each case, - wherein, based on the determination of the analysis value (n), at least one process parameter (P) of the metallurgical plant (1, 9, 10) is newly determined with the aim of bringing the at least one analysis value (n) of the gas (2) closer to a target value (n*), characterized in that the at least one analysis value (n) is a number of solid particles (4) related to a predetermined amount of the gas (2), wherein the at least one analysis value (n) is related to the number of solid particles (4) up to a predetermined maximum size (g1) of 1 pm, preferably 5 pm, or to the number of solid particles (4) between a minimum size (g2) of 100 nm, preferably 50 nm, particularly preferably 10 nm, and a maximum size of 1 pm, preferably 5 pm.

2. Operating method according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of solid particles (4) is determined using a Faraday cup electrometer.

3. Operating method according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of solid particles (4) is detected on the basis of an optical principle, preferably with the aid of a condensation particle counter.

4. Operating method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a metal-containing input product (15) is fed to the metallurgical plant (10), which is processed in the metallurgical plant (10) to form a liquid metal-containing starting product (16).

5. Operating method according to claim 4, characterized in that the process parameter (P) is a quantity and / or composition of a fuel (26) supplied to the metallurgical plant (10), a quantity and / or composition of a hot blast (12) supplied to the metallurgical plant (10) and / or a time point at which the iron-containing starting product (16) is taken from the metallurgical plant (10).

6. Operating method according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the samples are taken by means of a measuring probe (32) from a region of a flow path of the gas (2) and that a part of the iron-containing input product (15) and / or the iron-containing output product (16) is located downstream of the region.

7. Operating method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a cold blast (11) is fed to the metallurgical plant (9), which is heated in the metallurgical plant (9) to a hot blast (12), which in turn is fed to a further metallurgical plant (10) in which an iron-containing input product (15) is processed to an iron-containing starting product (16), and in that the gas (2) is the hot blast (12).

8. Operating method according to claim 7, characterized in that the process parameter (P) is a quantity and / or a composition of a fuel (13) supplied to the metallurgical plant (9) and / or a quantity and / or composition of the cold blast (11) supplied to the metallurgical plant (9) and / or a mass flow of oxygen supplied to the metallurgical plant (9).

9. Operating method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is a direct reduction plant, a sintering plant, a pelletizing plant, a blast furnace, an electric arc furnace, a smelter and / or a converter.

10. Control program for a control device (6) of a metallurgical plant (1, 9, 10) for metal production, preferably for iron or steel production, during the operation of which a gas (2) is produced which contains solid particles (4), wherein a sample is repeatedly taken with the aid of a sampling device and at least one analysis value (n) of the gas (2) is determined by means of an analysis in an analysis device of the sample taken in each case, wherein the control program comprises machine code (8) which can be processed by the control device (6), wherein the processing of the machine code (8) by the control device (6) causes the control device (6) to operate the metallurgical plant (1, 9, 10) according to an operating method according to claim 1.

11. Control program according to claim 10, characterized in that the processing of the machine code (8) by the control device (6) causes the control device (6) to operate the metallurgical plant (1, 9, 10) according to the additional features of claim 6 and / or claim 8.

12. Control device for a metallurgical plant (1, 9, 10) for metal production, preferably for iron or steel production, during the operation of which a gas (2) is produced which contains solid particles (4), wherein a sample is repeatedly taken with the aid of a sampling device and at least one analysis value (n) of the gas (2) is determined by means of an analysis in an analysis device of the sample taken in each case, wherein the control device is programmed with a control program (7) according to claim 10 or 11, so that the control device operates the metallurgical plant (1, 9, 10) in operation according to an operating method according to one of claims 1 to 9.

13. Metallurgical plant for metal production, preferably for iron or steel production, during the operation of which a gas (2) is produced which contains solid particles (4), wherein a sample is repeatedly taken with the aid of a sampling device and at least one analysis value (n) of the gas (2) is determined by means of an analysis in an analysis device of the sample taken in each case, wherein the metallurgical plant has a control device (6) according to claim 12, which operates the metallurgical plant in operation according to an operating method according to one of claims 1 to 9.

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