Block for constructing partitions in buildings

Abstract

System for constructing partitions in buildings, comprising a block (1) made of high-density polystyrene, a starter profile (2), a side profile (3), where the starter profile (2) is a piece of U-section configured to join the block (1) to a floor of another material and the side profile (3) is a piece of metallic U-section configured to join the block (1) to a wall covering of another material, and such that each block (1) comprises a solid main body (5), a plurality of lateral longitudinal cells (6), and a plurality of frontal linking cells (7).

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0001] The present invention refers to a block for constructing partitions in buildings that provides resistance and acoustic protection with reduced execution and cost. The block for constructing partitions in buildings object of the invention is applicable in the construction industry, specifically in the building.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0002] Partitions or partition walls are non-structural construction elements that are used to divide or compartmentalize spaces in the interior of a building. Unlike load-bearing walls, partition walls do not support the weight of the building, but serve primarily to distribute the environments and provide acoustic or thermal insulation

[0003] The partitions that are placed today and that are required by the regulations continue to be based on the classic premises, although they have been adapted to the times and this means eliminating some and adding others.

[0004] The main functions of partitions in our times are listed below: Dividing architectural element according to the use of the section. Physical barrier against noise propagation. Physical shock absorber for heat transfer between sections. Barrier against the spread of fire. Physical support of the facilities, hanging furniture and decoration. Aesthetic and visual communication element.

[0005] As has been stated so far, partitions must obey a regulation that requires very specific characteristics and that in the bulk of the current construction is restricted in the number of options; for this we will see below the most used partitions with their virtues and defects.

[0006] Currently, most partition walls in conventional works are manufactured as 1- Self-supporting lightweight webbing partitions. 1.1 With laminated gypsum boards. 1.2 With fibrated cement plates. 2- Partitions of ceramic or concrete factory with mortar. 2.1 With simple hollow brick. 2.2 With double hollow brick to partition wall (breeze block). 2.3 With perforated brick by rope or half-brick thickness. 2.3 With thermo-clay block.

[0007] There is a third type of partition wall, consisting of expanded polystyrene or EPS bricks that are not as common as those of brick or laminated gypsum, but the material is used in construction due to its insulating and lightweight properties. Expanded polystyrene is a foamed plastic material, composed largely of air, that is known for its low weight and ability to insulate thermally.

[0008] Below are its main features and applications when used for partition walls: Lightness: Expanded polystyrene is extremely lightweight, making it easy to transport and handle on site. This reduces the weight of the overall building structure. Heat insulation: It is an excellent thermal insulator, since its composition, in which the air occupies up to 98%, reduces heat transmission. This makes it ideal for cold climates or for buildings looking for energy efficiency. Limited Acoustic Insulation: Although it provides some acoustic insulation, it is not as effective as other denser materials. In applications where greater control of sound is required, it is often combined with other materials. Moisture resistance: Expanded polystyrene does not absorb water, making it a viable option in humid environments or where there is a risk of condensation. Flammability: One of the drawbacks of expanded polystyrene is that, although there are variants treated with flame retardants, it is a material that can be flammable. Therefore, their use must comply with fire safety regulations. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0009] The object of the invention is a system for constructing partitions in buildings, comprising a block made of high-density polystyrene, a starter profile, a side profile, where the starter profile is a piece of U-section configured to join the block to a floor of another material and the side profile is a piece of metallic U-section configured to join the block to a wall covering of another material.

[0010] In the system for constructing partitions in buildings, object of the invention, each block comprises a solid main body, a plurality of lateral longitudinal cells, and a plurality of frontal linking cells. Further, each block may comprise a plurality of through holes in the edge.

[0011] The system for constructing partitions in buildings, object of the invention, comprises a lateral plate fixed to the block through the lateral longitudinal cells, such that said lateral plate is a mortar plate between 10 and 20 mm thick, and has ribs at regular distances to be fixed to the block.

[0012] In the system for constructing partitions in buildings, object of the invention, the through holes in the edge are four bores of 100mm diameter that cross the block in its entire height.

[0013] In the system for constructing partitions in buildings, object of the invention, the polystyrene of the block has a density of between 0,99 and 1,87 lb / ft 3< (16 and 30 kg / m 3< ).

[0014] The system for constructing partitions in buildings, object of the invention, comprises a finishing profile configured to join the block to a roof.

[0015] In the system for constructing partitions in buildings, object of the invention, the lateral longitudinal cells are vertical slots open throughout the height of the block and placed evenly distributed.

[0016] In the system for constructing partitions in buildings, object of the invention, the lateral longitudinal cells are spaced 3,93 in (10 cm) apart.

[0017] In the system for constructing partitions in buildings, object of the invention, the lateral longitudinal cells have a shape comprising a neck for access to a circular zone, the diameter of the circular zone being greater than the neck.

[0018] In the system for constructing partitions in buildings, object of the invention, the frontal linking cells have a shape that comprises an neck for access to a circular zone, the diameter of the circular zone being greater than the neck, such that two blocks facing each other, leave two lateral longitudinal cells facing each other, the frontal linking cells being configured to be filled with mortar and join the two facing blocks.

[0019] The system for constructing partitions in buildings, object of the invention, comprises polystyrene bars of a density ranging from 7,49 to 15,61 lb / ft 3< (120 to 250 kg / m 3< ) of rectangular prismatic shape that are located in the block making a housing for said very high-density polystyrene bar.

[0020] The system for constructing partitions in buildings, object of the invention, comprises at least one surface distribution plate that is located on the surface of a block.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] To complement the description that will be made below and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, this specification is accompanied by a set of drawings on the basis of which the innovations and advantages of the object of the invention will be more easily understood. Fig. 1 shows a perspective view of a block of the system for constructing partitions in buildings object of the invention. Fig. 2 shows a detailed view of the cells of a block of the system for constructing partitions in buildings object of the invention. Fig. 3 shows a view of a lateral plate of the system for constructing partitions in buildings object of the invention. Fig. 4 shows a perspective view of a partition with a block with a corrugated bar-shaped reinforcement in the lateral longitudinal cells. Fig. 5 shows a detailed view of the union of two adjoining blocks with each other by means of the front linking cells with mortar inside. Fig. 7 shows a view of a block with a high-density polystyrene bar inserted in the block itself. Fig. 8 shows a view of a block with a surface distribution plate in the block itself.

[0022] The numerical references used in the Figs. are: 1. block, 2. starter profile, 3. side profile, 4. finishing profile, 5. solid main body, 6. lateral longitudinal cells, 7. frontal linking cells, 8. through holes in the edge, 9. neck of the cell, 10. circular zone of the cell, 11. corrugated bar, 12. lateral plate, 13. very high-density polystyrene bar 14. surface distribution plate. PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

[0023] The object of the invention is a system for constructing partitions in buildings comprising: a block (1) made of high-density polystyrene obtained by molding, in the preferred embodiment, a starter profile (2), a side profile (3), and a finishing profile (4).

[0024] The dimensions of the blocks (1) and their ratio of length to width have been made taking into account the relationship between the largest piece that can be handled accurately by operators and that allows optimal performance achieving with two blocks a square meter placed.

[0025] The polystyrene with which the block (1) is manufactured has a density of 0,99 and 1,87 lb / ft 3< (16 and 30 kg / m 3< ), therefore, considering that there are blocks (1) of different dimensions, the weights of the different blocks (1) range from 3,3 to 4,52 Ib (1,5 kg to 2,05 kg), which does not involve even a minor burden in the execution of the partitions.

[0026] Each block (1) of the system subject of the invention comprises: a solid main body (5), a plurality of lateral longitudinal cells (6), a plurality of frontal linking cells (7), and a plurality of through holes in the edge (8).

[0027] The lateral longitudinal cells (6) provide the system with a series of advantages in several aspects that turn the polystyrene body into a practical part for use as a partition.

[0028] The lateral longitudinal cells (6) are vertical slots open throughout the height of the block (1) and placed evenly distributed in such a way that they distribute their effect throughout the block (1) equally. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the lateral longitudinal cells (6) are spaced 3,93 in (10 cm) apart from each other.

[0029] The shape of the lateral longitudinal cells (6) comprises a neck (9) for access to a circular zone (10), the diameter of the circular zone (10) being larger than the neck (9), and has been studied to fulfill several functions and requires, during the execution of the partition, that this slot be completely filled with a base mortar.

[0030] If necessary, the circular zone (10) of the lateral longitudinal cells (6) can house a corrugated bar (11) that acts as a reinforcement for the partition being constructed.

[0031] The system comprises a lateral plate (12) fixed to the block (1) through the lateral longitudinal cells (6), such that said lateral plate (12) is a mortar plate between 10 and 20 mm thick, and has ribs at regular distances to be fixed to the block (1).

[0032] The frontal linking cells (7) have the same shape as the lateral longitudinal cells (6), so that two blocks (1) facing each other, leave two lateral longitudinal cells (6) facing each other, such that the two blocks (1) can be joined by filling the frontal linking cells (7) with mortar.

[0033] The block of the system subject of the invention may also comprise through holes in the edge (8) that are four 3,93 in (10 cm) diameter holes that cross the block throughout its height. The function of the through holes in the edge (8) is to allow reinforcement to be placed and subsequently concreted, with the mission of increasing their resistant capacities, increasing the mass and allowing large weight elements to be anchored.

[0034] The result of filling these through holes in the edge (8) results in a hybrid block that increases its mass by 88,18 Ib (40 kg) improving its sound insulation and above all significantly improving its load capacity and resistance to bending, which combined with the reinforcement of the cells achieves a partition wall with similar performance to enclosure and load-bearing walls.

[0035] The profiles that configure the starter profile (2), the side profile (3) and the finishing profile (4) are metal U-section pieces, whose function is to join the block (1) with floor, roof and walls of another material. They are therefore intermediate pieces that anchor the wall to the rest of the construction.

[0036] The starter profile (2) also has the function of leveling the first course and therefore must be placed perfectly horizontal along the wall and throughout its thickness. It must be anchored to the ground by means of a suitable mechanical anchorage and to the block (1) by means of specific "worm" type screws

[0037] The side profile (3) is for joining with existing enclosures and walls, it must be plumbed throughout the height of the partition wall and anchored to the wall covering and block (1) in the same conditions as the starter profile (2).

[0038] The roofs have the finishing profile (4) that must be anchored whenever possible in the same way as the previous ones.

[0039] The system subject of the invention can comprise very high-density polystyrene bars (13) (120 to 15,61 lb / ft 3< (250 kg / m 3< ) of rectangular prismatic shape that are housed at the strategic points where it is studied that the loads are going to be very large, and are located in the block (1) making a housing in said block (1) for said very high-density polystyrene bar (13), which is carried out in a preferred embodiment, by means of a hot air gun.

[0040] The system subject of the invention may also comprise surface distribution plates (14) which are thin sheets that are located on the surface of the block (1) attached to the block (1) by worm screws. These surface distribution plates (14) are designed for very large loads that are distributed over a large surface or impacts that are estimated to compromise the stability of the partition by their own means.

Claims

1. System for constructing partitions in buildings, characterized in that it comprises: - a block (1) made of high-density polystyrene, - a starter profile (2), and - a side profile (3), wherein the starter profile (2) is a piece of U-section configured to join the block (1) to a floor of another material and the side profile (3) is a piece of metallic U-section configured to join the block (1) to a wall covering of another material.

2. System for constructing partitions in buildings according to claim 1, wherein each block (1) comprises: - a solid main body (5), - a plurality of lateral longitudinal cells (6), and - a plurality of frontal linking cells (7).

3. System for constructing partitions in buildings according to claim 2, wherein each block (1) further comprises a plurality of through holes in the edge (8).

4. System for constructing partitions in buildings according to any one of claims 2 to 3, characterized in that it comprises a lateral plate (12) fixed to the block (1) through the lateral longitudinal cells (6), such that said lateral plate (12) is a mortar plate of thickness between 10 and 20 mm, and has ribs at regular distances to be fixed to the block (1).

5. System for constructing partitions in buildings according to claim 3, characterized in that the through holes in the edge (8) are four bores of 100mm diameter that cross the block in its entire height.

6. System for constructing partitions in buildings according to any one of the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the polystyrene of the block (1) has a density of between 0,99 and 1,87 lb / ft3 (16 and 30 kg / m3).

7. System for constructing partitions in buildings according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that it comprises a finishing profile (4) configured to join the block to a roof.

8. System for constructing partitions in buildings according to any one of claims 2 to 7, characterized in that the lateral longitudinal cells (6) are vertical slots open throughout the height of the block and placed evenly distributed.

9. System for constructing partitions in buildings according to any one of claims 2 to 8, characterized in that the lateral longitudinal cells (6) are spaced 3,93 in (10 cm) apart from each other.

10. System for constructing partitions in buildings according to any one of claims 2 to 9, characterized in that the lateral longitudinal cells (6) have a shape comprising a neck (9) for access to a circular zone (10), the diameter of the circular zone (10) being greater than the neck (9).

11. System for constructing partitions in buildings according to any of claims 2 to 10, characterized in that the frontal linking cells (7) have a shape comprising a neck (9) for access to a circular zone (10), the diameter of the circular zone (10) being greater than the neck (9), such that two blocks (1) facing each other, leave two lateral longitudinal cells (6) facing each other, the frontal linking cells (7) being configured to be filled with mortar and join the two blocks (1) facing each other.

12. System for constructing partitions in buildings according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that it comprises polystyrene bars (13) of a density of between 7,49 to 15,61 lb / ft3 (120 to 250 kg / m3), of rectangular prismatic shape that are located in the block (1) making a housing for said polystyrene bar (13).

13. System for constructing partitions in buildings according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that it comprises at least one surface distribution plate (14) that is located on the surface of a block (1).

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