Lightweight construction system

Abstract

Lightweight construction system (100) comprising precast columns (1) and precast beams (2). According to the invention, at least the precast columns (1) and the precast beams (2) are each designed as permanent formwork for casting with cast-in-place concrete (10), wherein a first adjustable connection system (66) is provided for connecting the precast columns (1) to the precast beams (2), and further comprising precast wall elements (3), wherein a second adjustable connection system (65) is provided for connecting the precast columns (1) to the precast wall elements (3), wherein a tight joint can be formed between the precast columns (1) and the precast beams (2) and between the precast columns (1) and the precast wall elements (3) by means of the cast-in-place concrete (10).

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a lightweight construction system comprising semi-finished columns and semi-finished beams.

[0002] In concrete construction, a distinction is made between components made of cast-in-place concrete, semi-precast elements with a cast-in-place concrete topping, and precast elements entirely without cast-in-place concrete. Components made of cast-in-place concrete or semi-precast elements with a cast-in-place concrete topping form a bond and a force-fit connection via the cast-in-place concrete and the connecting reinforcement or fasteners. This method makes it possible to utilize the positive properties of a monolithically manufactured and joint-free component, thereby achieving positive and simple structural and building physics properties. Precast elements without a cast-in-place concrete topping, on the other hand, are attached to each other or to existing building structures via fasteners and usually create weak points in the joints between the components, both in terms of building physics and structural integrity. These weaknesses must be compensated for using other technical solutions.

[0003] For columns in reinforced concrete construction, precast elements or cast-in-place concrete columns are typically used, which are produced on-site using disposable or reusable formwork. Permanent formwork made of various materials is also common, but it does not serve the same purpose as in the lightweight construction system described. The permanent formwork is usually left in place in the building because accessibility is severely restricted after the concreting process, or to achieve insulation or visual effects. For example, a U-shaped precast column that creates a bond between the precast wall elements of the facade and the load-bearing system, as well as a seamless outer shell, is not known. Likewise, no precast columns or beams are generally known to exist in textile-reinforced concrete construction.

[0004] Furthermore, double or insulated walls, foundations, or precast concrete slabs are often manufactured as semi-prefabricated elements, while foundations, sandwich walls, columns, beams, or even stairs are often manufactured as precast elements. When using double or insulated walls, a structurally effective—that is, load-bearing and / or bracing—wall is created by the cast-in-place concrete layer in conjunction with the inner and outer shells (in the case of insulated walls, only the inner shell) made of reinforced concrete, which act as permanent formwork. From a structural and building physics perspective, this behaves—as mentioned above—in the same way as a monolithically constructed cast-in-place concrete wall.

[0005] A sandwich wall, on the other hand (a precast element without cast-in-place concrete), consists solely of a completely prefabricated inner and outer shell made of reinforced concrete, along with an internal insulating core. Often, the insulating layer in a sandwich wall is interrupted by a type of structurally effective support integrated into the wall, creating local thermal bridges. Alternatively, the inner shell of the sandwich wall can be constructed with a thickness that allows for a load-bearing and / or bracing inner layer – analogous to the principle of a thermally insulated wall, but without the addition of cast-in-place concrete. Here, the increased transport weight compared to a thermally insulated wall with cast-in-place concrete of the same thickness, in addition to the structural and static weaknesses (joints), is a significant disadvantage. Theoretically, a sandwich wall can also be attached to a frame structure as a suspended, non-load-bearing element – ​​analogous to the common practice with sandwich walls in metal construction.However, for suspended and non-load-bearing sandwich elements, it is very disadvantageous to use massive and heavy reinforced concrete walls, which is why this is uncommon in practice.

[0006] Precast ceiling elements include precast and semi-precast ceilings. A hollow core slab, hereinafter referred to as a precast ceiling, and a filigree slab, hereinafter referred to as a semi-precast ceiling, are both types of ceilings used in building construction, but differ significantly in their structure and manufacturing. Hollow core ceiling (hollow body ceiling, hollow chamber ceiling)

[0007] Construction: Prefabricated elements (precast concrete components) with cavities or inserted hollow bodies (e.g., plastic, lightweight concrete). Objective: Material savings, weight reduction, and improved thermal insulation without significantly compromising load-bearing capacity. Manufacturing: Usually manufactured entirely industrially in a factory and installed on-site as large-format prefabricated elements. Advantages: Low dead weight, resulting in smaller spans and lower foundation loads; rapid assembly, as minimal cast-in-place concrete work is required; long spans are possible. Typical applications: Office and administrative buildings, industrial and hall construction. Semi-finished ceiling

[0008] Construction: Thin reinforced concrete slabs (approx. 5 to 7 cm thick), manufactured in the factory, with pre-installed bottom reinforcement. Assembly: The slabs are placed on the construction site, supported, and then covered with cast-in-place concrete (approx. 12 to 15 cm). This creates a monolithic reinforced concrete slab (approx. 17 to 22 cm). Features: Combination of precast technology (fast formwork, secure reinforcement placement) and cast-in-place concrete (load-bearing layer, composite action); the cast-in-place concrete component is crucial for load-bearing capacity. Advantages: High dimensional accuracy due to precast elements, fast construction, no additional formwork required, flexible adaptation (e.g., cutouts, pipework). Typical application: Residential construction, small to medium spans. Summary:

[0009] Hollow core slab = fully prefabricated element, lightweight due to its hollow core, minimal cast-in-place concrete. Semi-prefabricated slab: thin prefabricated panels + cast-in-place concrete topping → results in a cast-in-place concrete slab with prefabricated element support.

[0010] Current innovations in building materials and materials technology are creating new potential solutions for inventors and scientists within the construction industry. These innovative materials can be used to create new components or entirely new component systems. The aim is to leverage the advantages of these new building materials to find innovative solutions that would not have been possible using older materials. The use of new materials with their respective new properties also requires new manufacturing processes, new applications, new bonding agents, new material combinations, and new detailed solutions. The opportunities and advantages that theoretically arise from the use of textile-reinforced concrete and high-performance insulation such as aerogels cannot yet be fully exploited with current technology.This is where the invention of Kahnt & Tietze GmbH comes in, in order to expand the knowledge about the system described below and to be patented, and to create a new solution concept for the successful application of concrete in lightweight construction.

[0011] One of the innovations mentioned is textile-reinforced concrete. This is a high-performance composite material made up of several materials. The two individual components are the concrete (or the concrete matrix) and non-metallic reinforcement (in contrast to reinforced concrete). This reinforcement typically consists of a reinforcing fiber (e.g., glass, carbon, basalt, or natural fiber filaments) and an impregnation (organic or mineral-based) and can be used in rod or grid form (1D, 2D, 3D). Alternatively, textile-reinforced concrete can also be produced with non-metallic reinforcement made of short fibers. The special feature of this composite material is that particularly slender (and therefore resource-efficient) components can be manufactured from textile-reinforced concrete. Depending on the application, approximately sixty percent less material is required.Due to their extremely lightweight and high-performance textile reinforcement, these components can bear the same static loads as larger reinforced concrete components, despite their very narrow cross-sections. A high-strength concrete matrix is ​​also typically used, which offers several advantages in terms of building physics (e.g., improved water vapor diffusion resistance). The main advantage lies in the non-metallic reinforcement structure, which is corrosion-resistant. This makes the composite material suitable for applications with high exposure classes (e.g., heavily weathered) or for components with alternative (ecological, but less alkaline) binders.

[0012] Another innovation in building materials technology is the so-called high-performance insulation – aerogels and vacuum insulation panels being particularly noteworthy. These materials offer (at the same insulation thickness) approximately twice the thermal insulation compared to conventionally used insulation materials (e.g., mineral wool). This allows the required insulation thickness in exterior walls to be roughly halved for the same level of thermal protection. It also halves the distance between the inner and outer layers, which in turn enables entirely new types of fasteners. When used to join two layers of sandwich walls, the point or linear fasteners made of fiberglass-reinforced plastic, carbon fiber-reinforced plastic, wood, or stainless steel are only required to be half the depth due to the reduced insulation thickness, thus saving half the material and the associated greenhouse gas emissions.A further static advantage results from the shorter lever arm between the two shells. The self-weight of the outer shell, which in sandwich walls is transferred to the inner shell via the aforementioned connectors, also generates a lower moment that needs to be absorbed due to the shorter lever arm.

[0013] For industrial construction, similar approaches already exist, albeit with different materials, connections, and less stringent requirements for intended use. However, due to material-specific disadvantages, these solutions are rarely used in this form for office or residential buildings. Here, extremely thin and lightweight metal sheets are used as inner and outer shells with insulation in the core, suspended or bolted to a delicate skeletal frame (usually made of steel). The sandwich panel serves solely as the building envelope, providing thermal insulation and protection against wind and weather. This solution is considered particularly cost-effective and efficient in hall and industrial construction.However, disadvantages for office and residential construction include the high thermal expansion of the metal shells, the poor sound insulation due to lack of mass, the poor performance characteristics for use in living or working areas, the short lifespan and the poor indoor climate because heat and moisture storage layers are lacking.

[0014] The purpose of the invention is to combine the advantages of prefabricated construction and monolithic construction without inheriting the respective disadvantages of the systems, while simultaneously unlocking potential for the immobilization of climate-damaging substances.

[0015] The problem is solved by a lightweight construction system comprising precast columns and precast beams. According to the invention, at least the precast columns and beams are each designed as permanent formwork, for example, U-shaped, trapezoidal, or with another open cross-section, for concreting with reinforced (metallic or non-metallic) or unreinforced cast-in-place concrete. According to an advantageous embodiment, the reinforcement can also be prestressed. The precast columns and / or beams also have reinforcement according to an advantageous embodiment. According to a particularly advantageous embodiment, this reinforcement is prestressed.

[0016] The lightweight construction system also includes precast wall elements, comprising a first adjustable connection system for joining the precast columns and beams, and a second adjustable connection system for joining the precast columns (or beams) and wall elements. The cast-in-place concrete allows for a watertight joint between the precast columns and beams, and between the precast columns (or beams) and wall elements.

[0017] It has proven advantageous if the prefabricated wall elements comprise two wall shells connected to each other by a shell connection system, an inner wall shell and an outer wall shell, and an insulating core made of a thermally insulating material located at the distance between the two wall shells. Preferably, the insulating core consists of high-performance insulation, ideally at the performance level of aerogel insulation, in the form of boards, granules, loose fill, or a compressed core, or of a vacuum insulation panel. According to an advantageous embodiment, at least one of the two wall shells is designed as a fire wall made of reinforced concrete.

[0018] The at least one precast ceiling element is designed as a semi-precast ceiling. It comprises a thin, preferably 2 to 5 cm thick, shell made of textile-reinforced concrete, i.e., with non-metallic reinforcement, or alternatively with metallic reinforcement. In an advantageous embodiment, the reinforcement is prestressed. The semi-precast ceiling is designed as permanent formwork and is fixed and aligned on site. In an advantageous embodiment, a layer of cast-in-place concrete, made of textile-reinforced concrete or reinforced concrete, is applied to the thin shell. The cast-in-place concrete interacts structurally with the permanent formwork and carries the loads. It also creates a watertight joint between the precast ceiling elements (including semi-precast ceiling elements) and the semi-precast beams.

[0019] Advantageously, at least one precast ceiling element is designed, fastened and aligned as a precast ceiling and as a filigree hollow ceiling with slack or prestressed reinforcement.

[0020] An advantageous embodiment provides that the permanent formwork and / or the wall panels are made of textile-reinforced concrete, unreinforced concrete, wood, or a wood-based material. Precast or semi-precast elements made of textile-reinforced concrete are primarily intended for the precast ceiling elements. However, it is easily possible to integrate many currently commercially available precast ceiling elements (including those made of wood) into the described lightweight construction system.

[0021] Preferably, after the application of the optional cast-in-place concrete layer, a fill is placed in the cavities of the precast slab and / or on the semi-precast slab. This fill compensates for the mass loss due to the material-saving textile-reinforced concrete and provides mass-related sound insulation. In the interest of climate impact and CO₂ sequestration, a particularly important aspect of the present invention, the fill consists of CO₂-binding material in the form of biochar or carbon black, olivine, or a recycled material from crushed concrete or brick, or minerals, mineral rocks, or industrially manufactured and specifically mineralized end products made from mineral rocks.

[0022] According to a further advantageous embodiment, in the permanent formwork of the precast column and / or in the permanent formwork of the precast beam and / or in at least one of the two wall panels of the precast wall element and / or in the precast ceiling element, a planar meander of electrically contacted, electrically conductive yarn is arranged according to a first embodiment, or according to a second embodiment, a planar capillary tube mat with at least one parallel or meandering capillary tube for heat dissipation or heat absorption by means of a heat transfer fluid circulating in the capillary tube is arranged. An advantageous embodiment of the conductive yarn provides that it is designed as a heating conductor for heat dissipation or as a thermoelectric element for cooling.Another advantageous embodiment of the conductive yarn provides that it is arranged as an antenna or as a shield against electromagnetic waves. It has also proven advantageous if the second wall layer of the prefabricated wall element is designed as an outer wall layer and as a textile-reinforced concrete panel, and, through the integration of the capillary tube mat or a capillary tube according to the aforementioned second embodiment, can be used as a solid absorber for heat recovery.

[0023] Another advantageous design provides that prefabricated roof elements are also attached to the semi-prefabricated beams and that the cast-in-place concrete creates a tight joint between the semi-prefabricated beams and the prefabricated roof elements.

[0024] A precast column and a precast beam are components of a lightweight construction system as described above or according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the precast column and the precast beam are designed as permanent formwork for casting with cast-in-place concrete and comprise at least one adjustable connection system. A precast wall element is also preferably a component of a lightweight construction system as described above or according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the precast wall element can be designed as permanent formwork for casting with reinforced or unreinforced cast-in-place concrete and comprises an adjustable connection system. A precast slab element is also preferably a component of a lightweight construction system as described above or according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the precast slab element is designed as permanent formwork for casting with reinforced or unreinforced cast-in-place concrete.

[0025] An advantageous structure comprises a lightweight construction system as described above or according to one of claims 1 to 15. Accordingly, the semi-precast columns, semi-precast beams, wall precast elements and ceiling precast elements designed as permanent formwork are cast with reinforced or unreinforced cast-in-place concrete.

[0026] To exploit the potential of new building materials, especially textile-reinforced concrete, the invention offers a system in which innovative precast columns and precast beams made of textile-reinforced concrete or wood (or equivalent) as lost formwork in a U-shape with a cast-in-place concrete supplement (reinforced with textile or steel reinforcement) create a composite and force connection between the structural skeleton and the outer shell of a building.

[0027] The building envelope described below consists of load-bearing or non-load-bearing textile-reinforced concrete sandwich panels. The structural contribution of the textile-reinforced concrete sandwich walls is currently limited solely by fire protection requirements. The permanent formwork, in the form of precast columns and beams, ensures stability during assembly and guarantees the maximum deflection in the serviceability limit state (SLS, low deflections). The ultimate limit state (ULS, high deflections) is ensured by the reinforced cast-in-place concrete core of the precast columns and beams. Thus, this lightweight construction method can resolve the fire protection issue that existed at the time of application.Particularly demanding requirements can be met by using lost formwork made of a specially insulating textile-reinforced concrete matrix, or wood or wood-based materials.

[0028] The building envelope consists of narrow and lightweight prefabricated sandwich panels made of textile-reinforced concrete, wood, or wood-based materials (or equivalent) and insulation (e.g., high-performance aerogel insulation). The prefabricated wall panels in the facade absorb at least the wind loads and their own weight, transferring these loads to the structural frame. In this system, the inner wall panel is ideally suited for stiffening the structure, as it is rigidly connected to the columns and beams.

[0029] Since even small inaccuracies can have a significant (undesirable) effect in building systems with narrow elements and small gaps, tighter dimensional tolerances should be maintained than are customary in solid construction. This is taken into account in the lightweight construction system according to the invention and is made possible by adjustable precast columns and beams that are also easier to install due to their low weight. The skeleton system of one or more floors thus consists, in the first step, of adjustable permanent formwork to which the precast wall and ceiling elements are attached in an adjustable manner. Only in the second step is the composite action then carried out with the cast-in-place concrete topping of the precast column or beam.

[0030] By using a high-strength concrete matrix for a textile-reinforced concrete inner wall shell and creating a seamless connection via the cast-in-place concrete core to the column and beam, a vapor barrier in the inner shell can be omitted. This also ensures the airtightness of the building envelope. This results in an equivalent to a monolithic construction, which is advantageous in this respect, instead of the typically disadvantageous and expensive precast connection. Furthermore, in the event of a fire, the joint is sealed against the spread of fire and smoke.

[0031] When using textile-reinforced concrete as permanent formwork for precast columns, beams, and slabs, it can be assumed that support during construction using slab and assembly props (during the first month of concrete strength development) can be largely dispensed with. This would enable a fast, uncomplicated, and therefore also cost-effective construction process.

[0032] Skeleton construction generally offers the advantage over construction with (statically considered) solid walls that it requires significantly less material. The large-scale use of concrete is currently viewed critically, especially with regard to greenhouse gas emissions. Surprisingly, it has proven very promising to combine the resource-saving and therefore lower-emission skeleton construction method with the equally material- and emission-efficient textile-reinforced concrete construction method. The lower transport weight of the narrow prefabricated walls and slabs, as well as the semi-prefabricated columns and beams, should also be emphasized as an advantage.

[0033] This described approach can only be implemented effectively through the use of high-performance building materials. Comparing the lightweight construction system according to the invention with the possibilities of reinforced concrete construction, it becomes clear that the outer and inner shells of the precast wall elements can be reduced from a reinforced concrete shell of at least 7 cm (and potentially even more) to a textile-reinforced concrete shell of 2 cm to 4 cm, and from a mineral wool insulation layer of 16 cm (exemplary here for a U-value of 0.24 W / (m²K)) to an aerogel insulation layer of 8 cm. Due to the required concrete cover in reinforced concrete construction (especially for corrosion protection), the generally higher weight of steel reinforcement, and the increased steel requirement due to its lower strength (e.g., compared to carbon fibers), similarly thin reinforced concrete shells cannot be used for this application.

[0034] Textile-reinforced concrete shells, on the other hand, can be implemented in an extremely narrow design and are particularly well-suited as prefabricated exterior wall elements for facades. This is due to the absence of corrosion risk from the reinforcement; significantly lower concrete cover thicknesses are required, and they save considerable weight and surface area, especially when combined with high-performance insulation. The narrow wall structure has a positive effect on structural stability due to its low weight and the short lever arm between the inner and outer shells. All these properties make it possible to retain the advantages of solid construction for concrete buildings while still being used in lightweight construction (e.g., as in metal construction), similar to sandwich walls.

[0035] If reinforced concrete shells and conventional insulation were used for the same solution, such a wall system for the facade would not be advantageous or practical, given wall thicknesses of at least 30 cm (and often considerably more) and the high weight of the reinforced concrete panels. Instead, it would be more logical to design the reinforced concrete inner shell as a load-bearing and stiffening solid wall, thereby saving the material and space required for an additional skeletal support system. This is also the current state of the art in concrete construction. With the thin walls of textile-reinforced concrete sandwich walls and their low weight, this lightweight construction approach, as described in the invention, is also feasible in concrete construction.

[0036] The enormous space savings and the reduction in materials and emissions achieved by this approach are also crucial for future considerations. Given the existing shortage of space in large cities and the need to conserve sand, gravel, cement, and water to protect the environment and our habitats, the lightweight construction system according to the invention can make a decisive contribution.

[0037] Concrete offers many advantages. Firstly, freshly produced concrete can be poured into almost any desired shape, and secondly, it provides numerous benefits in terms of building physics. Due to its relatively high density, concrete possesses sound-absorbing and heat-storing properties and is neither flammable nor does it emit harmful gases in the event of a fire. Strength properties can also be tailored to the intended use. Textile-reinforced concrete, in particular, has a very long lifespan and can meet architectural requirements, for example, for exposed concrete walls in building construction, thus creating an attractive appearance. The thin yet high-performance concrete shells are suitable for attaching components, offer good sound insulation due to their high mass, and, thanks to the dense structure of the low-porosity, high-strength concrete, provide exceptionally good water vapor diffusion resistance.The savings in materials and emissions should also be emphasized in light of current climate challenges. Depending on the application, less than half the amount of concrete is required for textile-reinforced concrete construction. This means that no primary raw materials need to be extracted, processed, transported, installed, or recycled.

[0038] For precast concrete slabs, U-shaped precast columns, and beams made of textile-reinforced concrete, different advantageous conditions apply than for lower-performance materials. Similar to the structural repair of reinforced concrete components—where textile-reinforced concrete has already been used very successfully—a very thin layer of textile-reinforced concrete can achieve a significant structural effect on the reinforced concrete structure. This effect has already been exploited to encase the beams and columns of buildings slated for demolition with a very thin layer of textile-reinforced concrete, thereby restoring their load-bearing capacity. Significant structural improvements have also been achieved in the repair of reinforced concrete floor slabs using very thin layers of textile-reinforced concrete in the tension zone.From a static perspective, the optimization of the supporting structure by a layer of textile concrete is extremely strong, and it is therefore also sensible to implement this in new buildings using the solutions according to the invention.

[0039] Since the permanent textile-reinforced concrete formwork is thus structurally effective and highly efficient, the dimensions of the cast-in-place concrete core – even when using reinforced concrete instead of textile-reinforced concrete – can be reduced to a minimum. This again results in enormous savings in space and resources, both for the columns and beams as well as for a precast or semi-precast slab.

[0040] For the precast elements made of textile-reinforced concrete, a slab is produced with a smooth underside on the formwork system in the precast concrete plant and reinforced with textile reinforcement. The rough upper surface of the slab later ensures a bond with the cast-in-place concrete layer, which is poured on site. Alternatively, two-dimensional or three-dimensional textile reinforcement can provide additional bond strength to the cast-in-place concrete layer. The cast-in-place concrete layer can be made of either reinforced concrete or textile-reinforced concrete. Due to the large effective depth – from the textile reinforcement in the permanent formwork of the precast slab to the top edge of the cast-in-place concrete layer – the textile reinforcement, for example, implemented as a biaxial fabric, can be optimally utilized. Since the concrete cover over the textile is also extremely thin, its structural advantages are further enhanced.This allows for a minimum layer thickness to be selected when dimensioning the cast-in-place concrete layer (reinforced concrete or textile-reinforced concrete). This minimum layer thickness is determined proactively by limiting the deflection. Furthermore, the ceilings can also be constructed without a continuous cast-in-place concrete core, using only a layer of granules on top of the precast ceiling elements (see below).

[0041] Since a greater mass generally improves sound insulation in ceiling slabs, the space and weight saved by reducing the amount of concrete can be filled with bound CO₂ in powder or granular form, such as biochar or carbon black, but also recycled materials like crushed concrete or brick, or minerals, mineral rocks such as olivine, serpentinite, serpentine, pyroxenes, plagioclase feldspars, basaltic rocks, magnesium silicate hydrate, or industrially manufactured and specifically mineralized end products made from these rocks. This can make an additional contribution to resource conservation and emission reduction.

[0042] As precast concrete slabs, hollow core slabs made of textile-reinforced concrete can represent a particularly material-saving option within the system. Here, in turn, materials such as plant charcoal or carbon black, as well as recycled materials like crushed concrete or brick, or minerals, mineral rocks (e.g., olivine, serpentinite, serpentine, pyroxenes, plagioclase feldspars, basaltic rocks, magnesium silicate hydrate), or industrially manufactured and specifically mineralized end products from these rocks can be used as fill material to compensate for the lost mass and to bind CO2 within the building.

[0043] The production of the multi-layered precast wall panels, or sandwich walls, is to take place in precast concrete plants using continuous production lines. Here, the particularly thin concrete panels, made from a concrete mix suitable for textile-reinforced concrete and usually high-strength, are cast on steel tables with a smooth, formwork-like surface on one side and reinforced with textile reinforcement. Point-joint or linear connecting elements (depending on the insulation used) are cast or screwed into the first layer of the precast wall panels to later connect them to the second layer in such a way that a gap is created between them. This gap can then be filled with thermal insulation, either during production at the plant or on-site, forming an insulating core. No cast-in-place concrete layer is required for the multi-layered precast wall panel.

[0044] When using a timber shell instead of a textile-reinforced concrete shell for the inner or outer shell, the timber shell, designed as a wooden panel, is manufactured separately in a timber framing center where prefabricated timber elements are produced and fitted with the connecting elements. These are then delivered to the precast concrete plant or, alternatively, directly to the construction site to connect the timber shell to the second textile-reinforced concrete shell using a similar principle, maintaining a gap between them. This gap allows for the prefabrication or installation of thermal insulation as an insulating core, either during manufacturing or on-site.

[0045] For the insulating core of the prefabricated wall element, high-performance insulation, e.g., aerogel insulation in the form of boards, granules, loose fill, or a compressed core, or a vacuum insulation panel (or equivalent) is used. Alternatively, conventional insulation, e.g., mineral wool, can also be used.

[0046] Advantages also arise from a method for constructing a building, as described above. In this method, the semi-precast columns, semi-precast beams, wall panels, and ceiling panels, designed as permanent formwork, are cast with reinforced or unreinforced cast-in-place concrete.

[0047] The lightweight construction system is assembled entirely without additional temporary supports, as the frame structure consists of prefabricated columns and beams. This structure is self-stiffening and fully absorbs the assembly loads in the various stages of installation. This reduces construction time: firstly, by allowing the floors to be walked on quickly, and secondly, by eliminating the need for temporary supports, as work can begin immediately and without restrictions on each newly constructed floor. Furthermore, the quality of workmanship is significantly improved, as the adjustability of the lightweight prefabricated columns and beams ensures high precision. The heavy prefabricated walls, as well as the prefabricated and prefabricated slabs, can then be placed onto the precisely aligned and secured frame structure without the need for temporary supports.Overall, the amount of building materials can be significantly reduced by eliminating the need for a cast-in-place concrete core, without sacrificing the usual cost-effectiveness and the technical and structural advantages of concrete construction.

[0048] The exact assembly process is as follows: The precast columns are erected on adjustable support brackets on a foundation slab or basement ceiling. Due to their low weight, they do not require additional securing with temporary supports. The precast beams are then placed on the support brackets. Adjustment is achieved using connecting elements between the precast columns and beams. Next, the precast walls are erected and adjusted using connecting elements between the precast columns or beams and the wall panels. The precast or semi-precast ceiling panels are then placed on the precast beams. Finally, the adjusted frame structure, consisting of precast columns and beams, is filled with concrete in conjunction with the wall panels and the precast or semi-precast ceiling panels.An additional CO2-binding layer can then be applied to the ceiling.

[0049] The advantages of this approach lie in the fact that only 1 / 5 of the usual amount of cast-in-place concrete is required. This leads to a significantly lower CO2 footprint and cost advantages, in particular. Possibility of integrating CO2-binding fills, thus creating completely mineral CO2-neutral building components; elimination of any formwork on the construction site; elimination of any assembly supports on the construction site; significant improvement in execution accuracy; significant time savings through direct use of the surfaces; complete exposed concrete quality possible; circular construction via easy dismantling options through simple separation of precast columns and beams from precast wall and ceiling elements.

[0050] This process enables the production and implementation of an innovative textile-reinforced concrete lightweight construction system in skeleton frame construction for building construction, consisting of precast columns, precast beams, and thin-walled precast wall, ceiling, or roof elements. The precast columns and beams each consist of a U-shaped shell made of textile-reinforced concrete, wood, or wood-based materials (or equivalent) and serve as permanent formwork. The interior of the U-shells is filled with cast-in-place concrete containing non-metallic or steel reinforcement. The thin-walled precast wall, ceiling, or roof elements are attached and aligned to the precast columns and beams via connecting elements. The cast-in-place concrete infill within the precast columns and beams creates a bond between the precast columns and beams and the thin-walled precast wall, ceiling, or roof elements.

[0051] The thin-walled prefabricated wall element consists of a prefabricated sandwich wall without cast-in-place concrete addition, with an inner shell made of, for example, textile-reinforced concrete or wood and an outer shell made of, for example, textile-reinforced concrete or wood - but at least one of the shells made of textile-reinforced concrete - and an inner insulating core made of, for example, aerogel insulation or a vacuum insulation panel (or equivalent).

[0052] Preferably, the inner and outer shells made of textile-reinforced concrete are connected to each other by textile connecting elements that are integrally bonded to the textile reinforcement of both shells, and in particular, manufactured together. For example, the textile reinforcement of the two shells is manufactured as a spacer fabric.

[0053] Advantages result from a method for manufacturing a precast wall element as part of a lightweight construction system, as described above or according to one of claims 1 to 15, preferably on a precast element circulation system. In this process, the first wall panel is manufactured in a first concreting section, and subsequently a second wall panel is manufactured in a second concreting section. During each concreting section, a biaxial fabric is embedded in the concrete. The second concreting section also includes connecting the first wall panel to the second wall panel by rotating the wall panel manufactured in the first concreting section, with the already hardened concrete, 180 degrees around an axis along its flat side and pressing it into the still-soft concrete of the second wall panel by means of projecting spacer elements of the panel connection system. Alternatively, the second wall panel, made of textile-reinforced concrete, is manufactured for the second concreting section without rotation.Instead of turning, concrete was poured directly onto the insulation.

[0054] Preferably, the first wall panel is a prefabricated wooden panel connected to the second wall panel using spacers. A screw or bolt can be used as a detachable connection.

[0055] It has proven advantageous to integrate the insulation into the still soft concrete during the first concreting phase of the first wall shell, or to glue the insulation to the first wall shell made of prefabricated wood or concrete.

[0056] Further advantages arise when the first and second wall layers consist of different, combined building materials, such as textile-reinforced concrete or wood, and are either bonded or mechanically fixed together, in particular by detachable screws. This is preferably done automatically using robotics.

[0057] The production of precast columns and beams takes place in precast concrete plants using formwork elements that are negative molds of the finished concrete component. The textile reinforcement is prefabricated in a suitable shape and cast into the concrete layer of the, for example, U-shaped precast column or beam. A cast-in-place concrete core is subsequently poured into the precast columns and beams on site, thus creating a positive connection between the column and beam and adjacent elements.

[0058] In a preferred embodiment, the textile reinforcement is integrally connected to the permanent textile formwork, particularly if manufactured together, e.g., as a spacer fabric. Similarly, the precast timber columns or beams can be manufactured in the prefabrication center, for example, in a U-shape, and then filled with cast-in-place concrete on the construction site according to the same principle, thus achieving the same positive connection between the column and the precast wall element. Screws or bolts are preferably used to interlock the wood and concrete, creating this bond.

[0059] When using textile-reinforced concrete, it is also possible to create a power or data line, or even surface temperature control, via an electrically conductive textile yarn and an electrical contact. The textile reinforcement yarn of this lightweight construction system can also be used as an antenna or as shielding against electromagnetic waves.

[0060] The advantages lie primarily in the combination of prefabricated columns and beams and prefabricated walls and ceilings into a new building system which provides a prefabricated skeleton frame before the assembly of the wall and ceiling prefabricated elements, as well as the integration of CO2-storing powder or granules into the cavities of the building system.

[0061] The implementation of the system, along with further details, features and advantages, can be found in the following description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the associated drawings. Fig. 1 : Schematic representation of an embodiment of the lightweight construction system according to the invention as a skeleton system; Fig. 2 : Schematic representation of an embodiment of the lightweight construction system according to the invention with a skeleton system and textile-reinforced concrete wall prefabricated elements. Fig. 3 : Schematic representation of an embodiment of a lightweight construction system according to the invention with a skeleton system, prefabricated wall elements and prefabricated ceiling elements; Fig. 4 : Schematic representation of a further embodiment of the lightweight construction system according to the invention in a two-story design with a skeleton system, prefabricated wall elements and prefabricated ceiling elements; Fig. 5 : vertically cut schematic representation of a detail of an embodiment with precast concrete slabs of a lightweight construction system according to the invention with a skeleton system comprising adjustable semi-precast columns and beams with a cast-in-place concrete topping; Fig. 6 : vertically cut schematic representation of a detail of a further embodiment with precast concrete slabs of a lightweight construction system according to the invention with a skeleton system, comprising adjustable semi-precast columns and beams with the cast-in-place concrete topping; Fig. 7 : vertically cut schematic representation of a further embodiment with precast concrete slabs of the lightweight construction system according to the invention with a skeleton system consisting of adjustable precast columns and beams with the cast-in-place concrete topping; Fig. 8 : vertically cut schematic representation of a further embodiment with precast concrete slabs of the lightweight construction system according to the invention with a skeleton system consisting of adjustable precast columns and beams with the cast-in-place concrete topping; Fig. 9 : a perspective schematic representation of a semi-finished column and the semi-finished beam and the wall prefabricated elements; Fig. 10 : in a horizontally cut view, the state of the art of a non-load-bearing or load-bearing wall structure of a prefabricated wall (sandwich wall); Fig. 11 : in a horizontally cut view, the state of the art of a load-bearing wall structure of a prefabricated wall (sandwich wall); Fig. 12 : in a horizontal section, the state of the art of a non-load-bearing wall structure of a prefabricated wall (sandwich wall) with metal inner and metal outer shells; Fig. 13 : in a horizontal section, a schematic representation of the connection between the precast column, the cast-in-place concrete addition to the column and the precast wall element; Fig. 14 : in a vertically cut view, the state of the art of a load-bearing wall structure of a semi-prefabricated wall, designed as a thermal wall with reinforced concrete inner and outer shells; Fig. 15 : in a vertically cut view, the state of the art of a load-bearing wall structure of a precast wall with reinforced concrete inner and outer shells; Fig. 16 : in a vertically cut view, the state of the art of a non-load-bearing wall structure of a prefabricated wall with metal inner and metal outer shells; Fig. 17 : vertically cut schematic representation of an embodiment of a building element as a non-load-bearing or load-bearing wall structure of a prefabricated wall; Fig. 18 : vertically cut schematic representation of another embodiment of a building element as a non-load-bearing or load-bearing wall structure of a prefabricated wall; Fig. 19 : vertically cut representation of a schematic representation of a further embodiment of a building element as a non-load-bearing or load-bearing wall structure of a prefabricated wall; Fig. 20 : schematic longitudinal section of an embodiment of a textile-reinforced concrete shell of the building element with electrical connections; Fig. 21 : schematic longitudinal section of an embodiment of a textile concrete shell of the building element with a capillary tube mat or a conventional pipe register. Fig. 22 : schematic longitudinal section of another embodiment of a textile-reinforced concrete shell of the building element with a capillary tube mat or a conventional one; Fig. 23 : Legend that distinguishes the cut surfaces of a precast concrete element, cast-in-place concrete, a wood-based material, metal, insulation and a fill.

[0062] Fig. 1 Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of an embodiment of a lightweight construction system 100 according to the invention with a skeleton system consisting of adjustable precast columns 1 and beams 2, designed as permanent U-formwork, before being filled with cast-in-place concrete 10 (see Figure 1). Fig. 5 ), shown here as an example with circumferential support bracket 68 (see Fig. 9 ) on the semi-finished columns 1 for the storage of the semi-finished beams 2.

[0063] Fig. 2 Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of an embodiment of a lightweight construction system 100 according to the invention with a skeleton system consisting of adjustable semi-finished columns 1 and beams 2, as shown in Figure 2. Fig. 1 , and additionally thin-walled prefabricated wall elements 3, which are designed as thin-walled sandwich elements and have wall shells 20, 30 made of textile-reinforced concrete (see from Fig. 17 The precast wall elements 3 are adjusted to the semi-precast columns 1 before the skeleton is filled with cast-in-place concrete 10.

[0064] Fig. 3 Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of an embodiment of a lightweight construction system 100 according to the invention, comprising a skeleton system consisting of adjustable precast columns 1 and beams 2, as well as thin-walled precast wall elements 3, which are adjusted on the precast columns 1 before the skeleton is filled with cast-in-place concrete 10. They also feature resource-saving precast ceiling elements 4, 5 with bound CO2 as fill material in powder or granule form.

[0065] Fig. 4 Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of an embodiment of a lightweight construction system 100 according to the invention in a two-story design with a skeleton system consisting of adjustable semi-prefabricated columns 1 and beams 2 as well as thin-walled prefabricated wall elements 3, which are adjusted on the columns before the skeleton is filled with cast-in-place concrete 10, and resource-saving prefabricated ceiling elements with bound CO2 as fill in powder or granule form.

[0066] Fig. 5 Figure 1 shows a schematic, vertically sectioned representation of an embodiment of a lightweight construction system 100 according to the invention, comprising a skeleton system with adjustable, U-shaped precast columns 1 (not visible here) and beams 2. The addition of cast-in-place concrete 10 within the U-shaped permanent formwork, particularly in the joint area of ​​the precast walls, forms a tight joint 67. The precast ceiling 5, here designed as a circular hollow-core slab, is filled with a fill material 7, such as biochar, carbon black, serpentine, or olivine. A variable floor structure 6 is also provided above the precast ceiling 5.

[0067] Fig. 6 Figure 1 shows a schematic, vertically cut principle representation of an embodiment of a lightweight construction system 100 according to the invention with a skeleton system consisting of adjustable semi-prefabricated columns 1 and beams 2 in U-shape with a cast-in-place concrete addition 10 in the area of ​​the joint 67 of the wall prefabricated elements 3 and the ceiling prefabricated elements 5, here designed as a square hollow ceiling, wherein the cavities are filled with e.g. biochar, carbon black, serpentine or olivine fill 7.

[0068] Fig. 7 Figure 1 shows a schematic, vertically cut principle representation of an embodiment of a lightweight construction system 100 according to the invention with a skeleton system consisting of adjustable precast columns 1 and precast beams 2 in U-shape with a cast-in-place concrete supplement 10 in the area of ​​the joints 67 of the wall precast elements 3 and the ceiling precast elements 4 (executed as precast ceilings 4 made of textile concrete as a precast element with cast-in-place concrete supplement 10 and with fill 7, e.g. made of biochar, carbon black, serpentine or olivine).

[0069] Fig. 8 Figure 1 shows a schematic, vertically cut principle representation of an embodiment of the lightweight construction system 100 according to the invention with a skeleton system consisting of adjustable semi-prefabricated columns 1 and beams 2 (U-shape) with a cast-in-place concrete supplement 10 in the area of ​​the joints 10 of the wall prefabricated elements 3 and the ceiling prefabricated elements 4, here designed as a prestressed semi-prefabricated ceiling 4 made of textile concrete as a fully prefabricated element without cast-in-place concrete supplement and with fill 7, e.g. made of biochar, carbon black, serpentine or olivine.

[0070] Fig. 9 shows a schematic, perspective principle representation of a precast column 1 with circumferential support bracket 68 for supporting the precast beams 2 before filling with cast-in-place concrete and the wall precast elements 3 before fastening and adjusting all elements.

[0071] Fig. 10 Figure 1 shows in a schematic, horizontally cut representation the state of the art of a non-load-bearing wall assembly 46 (or co-load-bearing wall assembly) of a prefabricated wall (sandwich wall) with reinforced concrete inner shells 12 and reinforced concrete outer shells 12, without cast-in-place concrete supplementation and with insulation 16, conventional, e.g. mineral wool, for use as a room-enclosing external wall and attached to a load-bearing reinforced concrete frame structure.

[0072] Fig. 11 Figure 1 shows in a schematic, horizontally cut representation the state of the art of a load-bearing wall structure 45 of a prefabricated wall (sandwich wall) with inner shells 20 made of reinforced concrete 12 and outer shells 30 made of reinforced concrete 12, without cast-in-place concrete addition and with insulation 16 for use as a room-enclosing outer wall.

[0073] Fig. 12 A schematic, horizontally cut representation shows the state of the art of a non-load-bearing wall structure 47 of a prefabricated wall (sandwich wall) with inner and outer shells 20, 30 made of metal 14, without cast-in-place concrete addition and with insulation 16 for use as a room-enclosing outer wall.

[0074] Fig. 13 Figure 1 shows a schematic, horizontally sectioned representation of the connection between the precast column 1 (here a textile-reinforced concrete component), the cast-in-place concrete supplement 10 of the column, and the precast wall element 3 of the lightweight construction system 100 according to the invention, with non-load-bearing or load-bearing precast wall elements 3 in the form of a precast wall (sandwich wall), here with textile-reinforced concrete inner shells 20 and outer shells 30, each made of textile-reinforced concrete, without cast-in-place concrete supplement and with insulation 16 for use as a room-enclosing exterior wall. Connecting elements 65 enable the adjustment of the precast wall element 3 relative to the precast column 1. A tight joint 67 is created between two precast wall elements 3.

[0075] Fig. 14 Figure 1 shows in a schematic, vertically cut representation the state of the art of a load-bearing wall structure of a semi-prefabricated wall (here designed as a thermal wall 44) with inner and outer shells 20, 30 made of reinforced concrete 12, a cast-in-place concrete addition 10 and insulation 16 for use as a room-enclosing outer wall.

[0076] Fig. 15 Figure 1 shows in a schematic, vertically cut representation the state of the art of a load-bearing wall structure of a prefabricated wall (sandwich wall 45) with inner shells 20 and outer shells 30 made of reinforced concrete 12, without cast-in-place concrete addition and with insulation 16 for use as a room-enclosing outer wall.

[0077] Fig. 16 Figure 1 shows in a schematic, vertically cut representation the state of the art of a non-load-bearing wall structure of a prefabricated wall 47 (sandwich wall) with metal inner shell 20, 14 and metal outer shell 30, 14, without cast-in-place concrete addition and with insulation 16 for use as a room-enclosing external wall.

[0078] Fig. 17 Figure 1 shows a schematic, vertically sectioned principle diagram of an embodiment of a prefabricated wall element 3 as a non-load-bearing or load-bearing wall assembly of a prefabricated wall (sandwich wall) with the shells 20, 30 as inner wall shell 20 made of textile-reinforced concrete 11 and as outer wall shell 30 also made of textile-reinforced concrete 11, without cast-in-place concrete addition and with insulation, specifically aerogel insulation 17. The prefabricated wall element 3 is intended for use as a room-enclosing outer wall.

[0079] Fig. 18 Figure 1 shows a schematic, vertically sectioned principle diagram of an embodiment of a prefabricated wall element 3 in a non-load-bearing or load-bearing wall assembly of a prefabricated wall (sandwich wall) with an inner wall shell 20 made of wood 13 and an outer wall shell 30 made of textile-reinforced concrete. The reverse material arrangement or, alternatively, a design with two wood shells is also possible. No cast-in-place concrete topping is provided, but insulation is provided in the form of aerogel insulation 17. The prefabricated wall element 3 is used as a room-enclosing exterior wall. The schematic diagram shows connecting elements between the shells, here designed as spacers 19. The spacers 19 are point-like or line-like connecting elements between the shells (e.g., textile-reinforced concrete shell to textile-reinforced concrete shell).

[0080] Fig. 19 Figure 1 shows a schematic, vertically sectioned representation of a principle representation of an embodiment of a prefabricated wall element 3 as a non-load-bearing or load-bearing wall assembly of a prefabricated wall (sandwich wall) with shells 20, 30 as inner wall shell 20 made of textile-reinforced concrete 11 and as outer wall shell 30 also made of textile-reinforced concrete 11, without cast-in-place concrete addition and with insulation, an aerogel insulation 17. The prefabricated wall element 3 serves as a room-enclosing outer wall, with a schematic representation of the connecting elements between the shells, a shell connection system 18.

[0081] Fig. 20 Figure 1 shows a schematic, longitudinal section view, as a top view, of an embodiment of a wall shell 20, 30, designed as a textile-reinforced concrete shell, of the precast wall element 3, which is additionally suitable for use as a dielectric heating surface in a concrete slab with deflection points 58 for a carbon textile, a yarn with electrical connections 57, which serves as a conductor and is designed as a coated yarn 54 or as a sanded yarn 56.

[0082] Fig. 21 Figure 1 shows a schematic, longitudinally sectional view from above of an embodiment of a wall shell 20, 30, designed as a textile-reinforced concrete shell, of the precast wall element 3, which comprises a capillary tube mat 60 or a conventional pipe register for thermally influencing the wall shell 20, 30, with a brine flowing through the mat or register as a heat transfer medium with connections 64 for the supply and return. Potential use as a solid absorber or as a solar thermal heating or cooling surface is thus possible in the lightweight construction system 100 according to the invention.

[0083] Fig. 22 Figure 1 shows a schematic, longitudinally sectional view from above of an embodiment of a wall shell 20, 30 made of textile-reinforced concrete of the precast wall element 3, which includes a capillary tube mat 60 or a conventional pipe register, a flexible pipe structure 62 for thermally influencing the shell, without parallel heat distribution, but with a pipe register laid in a meandering pattern over deflection points 58. This allows heating or cooling of the precast wall element 3, or heat can be gained, e.g., from solar radiation, by introducing or discharging a fluid at connection 94.

[0084] Fig. 23 shows a legend that distinguishes the cut surfaces of a precast concrete element, cast-in-place concrete, a wood-based material, metal, insulation and a fill. Reference symbol list

[0085] 1 Semi-prefabricated column 2 Semi-prefabricated beam 3 Prefabricated wall element 4 Prefabricated ceiling element, semi-prefabricated ceiling 5 Prefabricated ceiling element, prefabricated ceiling, hollow core 6 Variable floor construction 7 Fill 9 Unreinforced concrete 10 Cast-in-place concrete 11 Concrete with non-metallic reinforcement, textile-reinforced concrete 12 Concrete with metallic reinforcement, reinforced concrete 13 Wood, wood-based material 14 Metal, metal wall 15 Reinforcement, textile reinforcement 16 Insulation 17 High-performance insulation in panel form, aerogel insulation 18 Shell connection system 19 Spacer element 20 First wall shell, inner wall shell 30 Second wall shellExterior wall shell 44 Load-bearing reinforced concrete thermal wall 45 Load-bearing reinforced concrete sandwich wall as a fully prefabricated element according to the state of the art 46 Non-load-bearing reinforced concrete sandwich wall according to the state of the art 47 Non-load-bearing metal sandwich wall according to the state of the art 48 Reinforced concrete column as a prefabricated element 49 Steel column as a prefabricated element 54 Yarn coated 56 Yarn sanded 57 Electrical connection 58 Deflection point 60 Capillary tube mat or pipe rib 62 Flexible pipe structure 64 Connection for liquid (brine) 65 Connecting element between semi-prefabricated column and wall prefabricated element (adjustable) 66 Connecting element between semi-prefabricated column and semi-prefabricated beam (adjustable) 67 Tight joint 68 Support bracket 100 Lightweight system,

Claims

1. Lightweight system (100), comprising semi-prefabricated columns (1) and semi-prefabricated beams (2), characterized by the fact that at least the precast columns (1) and the precast beams (2) are each designed as permanent formwork for concreting with cast-in-place concrete (10), wherein a first adjustable connection system (66) is provided for connecting the precast columns (1) to the precast beams (2), and further comprising precast wall elements (3), wherein a second adjustable connection system (65) is provided for connecting the precast columns (1) to the precast wall elements (3), wherein a tight joint can be formed between the precast columns (1) and the precast beams (2) and between the precast columns (1) and the precast wall elements (3) by means of the cast-in-place concrete (10).

2. Lightweight construction system (100) according to claim 1, wherein the prefabricated wall elements (3) comprise two wall shells (20, 30) spaced apart from each other by a shell connection system (18), an inner wall shell (20) and an outer wall shell (30), and an insulating core (17) made of a thermally insulating material in the space between the wall shells (20, 30).

3. Lightweight system (100) according to claim 2, wherein the insulating core (17) consists of high-performance insulation (17) in the form of panels, granules, loose fill or a pressed core or of a vacuum insulation panel.

4. Lightweight construction system (100) according to claim 2 or 3, wherein at least one of the two wall shells (20, 30) is designed as a fire wall made of reinforced concrete (12).

5. Lightweight construction system (100) according to one of the preceding claims, comprising at least one precast ceiling element (4, 5), wherein the at least one precast ceiling element (4, 5) according to a first embodiment is designed as a semi-precast ceiling (4), comprising a shell made of textile-reinforced concrete (11) or reinforced concrete (12), and as permanent formwork, 6. Lightweight construction system (100) according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the at least one prefabricated ceiling element (4, 5) is designed according to a second embodiment as a prefabricated ceiling (5) and as a filigree hollow ceiling.

7. Lightweight system (100) according to claim 5, wherein a layer of cast-in-place concrete (10) with non-metallic reinforcement (11) or metallic reinforcement (12) is applied to the shell, and wherein the cast-in-place concrete (10) creates a tight joint between the semi-precast beam (2) and the precast ceiling element (4, 5).

8. Lightweight system (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the lost formwork and / or the wall shells (20, 30) and / or ceiling shells (4, 5) are made of textile concrete (11), unreinforced concrete (9), wood (13) or a wood-based material.

9. Lightweight construction system (100) according to one of claims 5 to 8, wherein a fill is placed in the cavities of the precast ceiling (5) and / or on the semi-precast ceiling (4) which provides mass-related sound insulation to compensate for the mass loss through the material-saving textile concrete (11), wood (13) or wood-based materials.

10. Lightweight system (100) according to claim 9, wherein the fill consists of CO2 binding material in the form of biochar or carbon black, olivine or a recyclate of concrete or brick rubble (7) or minerals, mineral rocks or industrially manufactured and mineralized end products of mineral rocks.

11. Lightweight construction system (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein in the lost formwork of the semi-prefabricated column (1) and / or in the lost formwork of the semi-prefabricated beam (2) and / or in at least one of the two wall shells (20, 30) of the wall prefabricated element (3) and / or in the ceiling prefabricated element (4, 5) according to a first embodiment a planar extended meander of electrically contacted, electrically conductive yarn (54, 56) or according to a second embodiment a planar extended capillary tube mat (60) with at least one parallel or meandering capillary tube (62) for heat dissipation or heat absorption by means of a heat transfer fluid circulating in the capillary tube (62) is arranged.

12. Lightweight system (100) according to claim 11, wherein the conductive yarn (54, 56) is configured as a heating conductor for heat dissipation or as a thermoelectric element for cooling.

13. Lightweight system (100) according to claim 11 or 12, wherein the electrically conductive yarn (54, 56) is arranged as an antenna or as a shield against electromagnetic waves.

14. Lightweight construction system (100) according to claim 11, wherein the second wall shell (30) of the prefabricated wall element (3) is designed as an outer wall shell (30) and as a textile concrete panel and can be used as a solid absorber for heat recovery by integrating the capillary tube mat (60) or a capillary tube (62) according to the second embodiment.

15. Lightweight construction system (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein prefabricated roof elements (3) are attached to the semi-prefabricated beams (2) and a tight joint is created between the semi-prefabricated beams (2) and the prefabricated roof elements (3) by the cast-in-place concrete (10).

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