First responder alarm system and method for optimizing alarming and disposition of first responders in case of emergency

Abstract

The invention relates to an app-based first responder alerting system and a method for optimizing the alerting and dispatch of first responders in emergencies, particularly cardiac arrests. It coordinates registered first responders based on their predicted arrival times at the emergency site, utilizing location and transportation data to determine or anticipate these arrival times based on the individual travel and response times of the first responders. The first responder alerting system assigns specific emergency tasks to the responders. This significantly reduces the time until life-saving measures begin, increasing the chances of survival and improving the efficiency of emergency assistance.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to an app-based first responder alerting system and a method for optimizing the alerting and dispatch of first responders in emergencies, particularly in cases of sudden cardiac arrest. It aims to ensure rapid and effective resuscitation through the targeted assignment of emergency tasks.

[0002] Sudden cardiac arrest is one of the leading causes of death in industrialized nations. Survival without lasting damage is only likely if resuscitation measures, i.e., chest compressions and rescue breaths, are started within three to five minutes. In approximately 25% of cases, a cardiac arrhythmia, such as ventricular fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia, is also present. Such arrhythmias can be treated by defibrillation. With every minute of delay before defibrillation, the patient's chances of survival decrease, which is why international guidelines recommend that defibrillation be performed even before the arrival of emergency medical services.

[0003] A rapid response to medical emergencies such as cardiac arrest is crucial for the survival chances of those affected. First responder alert systems make a significant contribution by using digital applications, so-called first responder apps, to alert volunteer first responders and guide them directly to the emergency location.

[0004] Since 2021, international resuscitation guidelines have recommended that, upon receiving an emergency call reporting a suspected cardiac arrest, the emergency dispatch center should locate and alert volunteer first responders via a smartphone-based first responder app. These alerted first responders should then be directed to the scene of the emergency as quickly as possible to bridge the time until the arrival of the ambulance service.

[0005] Well-known app-based first responder alert systems use GPS location to alert first responders near an emergency location. They primarily rely on the spatial distance to the emergency site to notify volunteer first responders.

[0006] Many first responder alert systems are also connected to databases that list the locations of publicly accessible defibrillators (Automated External Defibrillators, AEDs). Linking to such AED location databases or registries allows first responders to be directed to public AED locations if no AED is available at the emergency scene. Some first responder alert systems already have an automated function that guides first responders who are not carrying an AED to public AEDs.

[0007] The first responder alerting system "Region of Lifesavers," described in Ganter, J., et al., "Implementation process of a smartphone-based first responder alerting system," Notfall+Rettungsmedizin 25, 177-185 (2022), uses a first responder app connected to an alert server (backend). The system is also linked to an AED location database. The alerting process follows an algorithm designed to minimize the time between the alert and the arrival of the first responder at the emergency scene. Furthermore, the system aims to ensure that an AED is available to the patient as quickly as possible.

[0008] The aforementioned first responder alert system assigns each alerted first responder an emergency task, such as "go to the patient and perform CPR" or "retrieve an AED." When alerting volunteer first responders, the goal is to only dispatch responders to the patient if they can arrive before the ambulance service. Similarly, the emergency task of retrieving an AED from a public AED location and bringing it to the emergency site should only be assigned if none of the first responders carries a personal AED and the journey to the AED location and then on to the emergency site can be completed in less time than the estimated arrival time of the ambulance service.

[0009] In the first responder alerting system "Region of Lifesavers," described in Ganter, J., et al., "Implementation process of a smartphone-based first responder alerting system," Notfall+Rettungsmedizin 25, 177-185 (2022), the alerting process proceeds as follows: The first responder alerting system is initially activated by an emergency notification transmitted from the dispatch center's control system to the system's alarm server. This notification includes the location of the emergency and the estimated response time of the emergency medical services. The alarm server then locates the registered first responders via their mobile devices and the first responder apps running on them. For each first responder, the response time is calculated from their current location at the time of the emergency notification, the so-called alerting location, to the emergency location, assuming travel by passenger vehicle.If the response time is shorter than the response time of the emergency vehicle dispatched by the control center (i.e., the ambulance or emergency physician), first responders located near the emergency site are pre-alerted. This pre-alert is sent via the first responder app. The first responder indicates via the app whether they are available, i.e., accepting the pre-alert, or unavailable. Furthermore, the first responder can specify their mode of transport to the emergency site, for example, on foot, by bicycle, or by car, and whether they are carrying an AED. The first responder alerting system then calculates an individual route from the first responder's alert location to the emergency site. If the first responder cannot reach the emergency site before the emergency services, they are not assigned an emergency task or are marked as "deployment canceled."

[0010] After a defined, configurable waiting period, for example 20 seconds, the first responder alert system calculates an individual travel time for all available first responders. This is the time from leaving their current location upon receiving the emergency notification (i.e., the alert location) to the emergency site, taking into account the chosen mode of transport. The two first responders with the shortest travel time are then directed to the emergency site to perform CPR, i.e., chest compressions and rescue breaths. These two first responders are thus assigned the emergency task of "CPR."

[0011] For each remaining first responder, a route calculation is performed to the emergency site, taking into account the available AED locations. This step is omitted if one of the already deployed first responders is carrying an AED. If the shortest AED travel time calculated by the first responder alerting system—that is, the first responder's travel time to the emergency site via the AED location—is shorter than the ambulance response time, the corresponding first responder will see the AED displayed in their first responder app. The selected first responder will then be directed first to the AED location and, after picking up the AED, to the emergency site. The selected first responder will then be assigned the emergency task "AED deployment."If none of the alerted first responders are carrying an AED and, according to the alarm server's calculations, none of the available additional first responders will reach the emergency location before the ambulance service, the emergency task of collecting a publicly available AED and transporting it to the emergency location will not be assigned.

[0012] The first responder alert system can assign the emergency task of "ambulance service briefing" to one of the pre-alerted first responders who is not assigned the emergency task of "resuscitation." This first responder assists, for example, in ensuring that the ambulance service reaches the emergency scene as quickly as possible. Another emergency task could be, for example, "emergency scene securing"; this first responder is assigned the task of securing the emergency scene and eliminating hazards for patients and the first responders performing CPR.

[0013] Current first responder alerting systems are based on assigning emergency tasks based on travel time. However, this time represents only a portion of the total time elapsed from the initial alert, i.e., the emergency call, until arrival at the emergency location. This total time, from the receipt of the emergency call until the arrival of the first responder, referred to below as the arrival time, comprises a system-related response time (i.e., the time from the emergency call until the assignment of the emergency task), a departure time specific to each first responder (i.e., the time from the assignment of the emergency task until leaving the alert location), and the travel time specific to each first responder.

[0014] The arrival times of first responders alerted via the "Region of Lifesavers" first responder alerting system described in Ganter, J., et al. "Implementation process of a smartphone-based first responder alerting system", Notfall+Rettungsmedizin 25, 177-185 (2022), are typically four to five minutes. Travel time to the scene is often two to three minutes. Neglecting the unavoidable, system-related reaction time, approximately half of the arrival time is attributable to the first responders' departure time. However, the departure time is not considered, or only inadequately considered, by current first responder alerting systems.

[0015] DE 10 2015 201 270 B4 describes a system for alerting emergency services in case of an emergency. This system uses a central server connected to mobile devices assigned to individual emergency responders. In the event of an emergency call, the server sends an alert signal to at least some of these mobile devices. This signal contains information about the location of the incident or an assembly point. The mobile devices confirm receipt of the alert signal by sending a response back to the server. The server then uses current traffic data to calculate isochrones – areas reachable from the incident location or assembly point within a specific timeframe. The mobile devices can retrieve this information from the server. Based on their current location and the isochrones, the estimated time of arrival for each responder is calculated and reported back to the server.

[0016] German patent application DE 10 2021 129 885 A1 discloses a computer-implemented method for managing digital information exchange in connection with rescue operations. The method is integrated into an electronic organizational system and enables the structured communication of relevant operational data. Furthermore, the publication relates to a method for coordinating emergency physicians available in an emergency physician pool, whereby the system enables the targeted selection and assignment of suitable emergency physicians to the incident site.

[0017] Against this background, the object of the invention is to optimize the alerting and dispatch of first responders so that they arrive at the emergency scene as quickly and efficiently as possible. Furthermore, the system should be able to determine in real time whether and when an AED is needed and adjust the distribution of emergency tasks among first responders accordingly.

[0018] This problem is solved by a first responder alerting system with the features of claim 1 and a method for optimizing the alerting and dispatch of first responders in emergencies according to claim 6. Advantageous further developments of the invention are set out in claims 2 to 5 and 7 to 10.

[0019] The proposed first responder alerting system and the associated procedure for optimizing the alerting and dispatch of first responders in emergencies are based on the first responder alerting system "Region of Lifesavers" described in Ganter, J., et al. "Implementation process of a smartphone-based first responder alerting system", Notfall+Rettungsmedizin 25, 177-185 (2022).

[0020] The first responder alerting system according to the invention serves to optimize the alerting and dispatch of registered first responders in emergencies. It comprises an alarm server that manages the data of the registered first responders and coordinates the alerting process. The alarm server is equipped with an interface that enables connection to a dispatch system of an emergency medical service. The first responder alerting system includes several mobile devices assigned to the registered first responders, which are equipped with a location tracking function to determine the location data of the respective first responders. The mobile devices can be, for example, smartphones, tablets, smartwatches, laptops, or wearables. A digital application, the so-called first responder app, is installed on the mobile devices. This first responder app is used to transmit the location data to the alarm server, to communicate with the first responders, and to coordinate their deployments.

[0021] The alarm server is configured to receive the emergency location and the estimated time of arrival of the emergency medical services (EMS) from the dispatch system upon receiving an incoming emergency notification. It then locates first responders at a nearby alerting location, sends a pre-alarm to a pre-selected number of first responders based on their proximity to the emergency, and assigns an emergency task, such as "CPR," "AED deployment," "scene security," "EMS briefing," or "call cancellation," to those first responders who acknowledge the pre-alarm. The alerting location is defined as the current location of the respective first responder at the time the emergency notification is received; therefore, the location data includes at least the alerting location.

[0022] The first responder app is configured to collect transportation data for the mode of transport used by the pre-alerted first responder to travel to the emergency location and transmit this data to the alarm server. Based on location and transportation data, the alarm server calculates an individual estimated travel time from the alert location to the emergency location using route calculations. It also predicts an individual arrival time at the emergency location for each first responder. This arrival time is comprised of a predefined system-related response time (from the pre-alert until the assignment of the emergency task), the individual dispatch time (from the assignment of the emergency task until leaving the alert location), and the individual estimated travel time. The assignment of the emergency task is ultimately based on the first responder's predicted individual arrival time.

[0023] The inventive method for optimizing the alerting and dispatch of registered first responders in emergencies, which can be implemented using the described first responder alerting system, comprises the following process steps executed after an emergency notification: First, the registered first responders in the vicinity of the emergency location are located. A pre-alarm is then sent to a pre-selected number of first responders, chosen based on the proximity of their alerting location to the emergency location. The pre-alerted first responders confirm the pre-alarm if available. In the next step, the transportation data of the pre-alerted first responders are recorded. Based on the location data and the transportation data, the individual estimated travel time is determined for each first responder by calculating individual routes. Subsequently, the individual response time is anticipated for each first responder.The predicted arrival time of each first responder is calculated from the sum of the predetermined, system-related reaction time, the anticipated individual departure time, and the determined individual estimated travel time. Finally, the emergency task is assigned to the first responders who confirmed the pre-alarm, depending on each first responder's individual predicted arrival time.

[0024] The described first responder alerting system and the associated procedures offer significant advantages in alerting and dispatching first responders during emergencies. The system reduces the time until resuscitation begins by locating first responders near the emergency site, taking into account both location and transportation data. This enables optimal selection of the first responders who can reach the emergency site most quickly. The individualized arrival time prediction, incorporating travel time by transportation mode and anticipated departure time, increases the precision of deployment planning and ensures efficient allocation of available resources. Simultaneously, targeted alerting prevents unavailable or less relevant first responders from being unnecessarily alerted, thus increasing the overall efficiency of the first responder alerting system.

[0025] Real-time communication and deployment coordination via the first responder app facilitate the execution of emergency calls. Systematic anticipation of response times minimizes delays between the initial alert and the actual deployment of first responders. Furthermore, the more realistic calculation of estimated travel times enables even better deployment planning, significantly reducing the time until first responders arrive at the scene. This precise and resource-efficient approach contributes significantly to maximizing the effectiveness of emergency assistance, saving lives, and reducing the organizational effort involved in emergency response.

[0026] To anticipate response times, the proposed first responder alerting system can be designed so that the location data determined by the location tracking function of the first responders' mobile devices also includes data on the precision of the location determination. For example, if the mobile device is a smartphone, the precision data can include information such as the smartphone's GPS accuracy. Low GPS accuracy generally indicates that the smartphone is located indoors, while high GPS accuracy usually indicates that the smartphone is outdoors. In the latter case, a short response time for the first responder can be expected. Therefore, shorter response times can be anticipated the higher the precision of the location data.Predefined response times, for example based on experience, can be assigned to a specific location precision, such as a typical response time when leaving a building.

[0027] Furthermore, the determination of typical response times can be integrated into the proposed first responder alerting system. By using GPS and variable geofencing technology, the system can pinpoint the exact time a pre-alerted first responder leaves their alert location and begins moving, i.e., dispatching. The system establishes a geofence around the coordinates of the first responder's alert location, which are determined during the pre-alert process. As soon as the first responder (or their mobile device) leaves this geofence, the time is automatically recorded and logged as the response time. The geofence radii can be adjusted to meet varying accuracy requirements to achieve optimal results. This allows response times for first responders in different situations to be determined and stored within the system.

[0028] It may also be possible for the location data determined by the location tracking function of first responders' mobile devices to include time-resolved location data of the respective first responder. This means that the location data includes location data over a (short) period, for example, a few seconds after the emergency call. From this time-resolved location data, movement data can be derived, in particular the speed at which the first responder's mobile device is moving. First responders whose mobile device is moving faster than walking speed can likely travel to the scene very quickly or even immediately. In such cases, a very short response time can be anticipated; that is, the response time can be set to, for example, 0 minutes.

[0029] Furthermore, the first responder app can be configured to transmit focus mode data from the focus mode set on the first responder's mobile device to the alarm server. The alarm server can then determine the first responder's response time based on location data, transportation data, and focus mode data, and / or determine transportation data based on focus mode data. Focus mode is a feature of mobile devices, especially modern smartphones, designed to reduce notifications and distractions based on specific scenarios or activities. For example, sleep mode silences notifications and displays only time-sensitive information to ensure undisturbed sleep. Do not disturb mode limits interruptions, such as during meditation or relaxation.In driving mode, the focus is on using the smartphone for navigation and communication while driving, minimizing other distractions. Work mode allows access only to work apps or contacts to promote concentration at work. In personal mode, work emails or messages are blocked, allowing the user to concentrate on leisure activities. Overall, the focus mode helps to use the smartphone more efficiently and appropriately depending on the situation. Specific focus mode data, which are indicators of a shorter or longer response time, are considered to anticipate response times. These include, for example, activated focus modes such as sleep mode, rest mode, or driving mode. It is assumed that first responders whose mobile device (smartphone) is in driving mode or connected via cable or other means will be able to respond more quickly.If the device is wirelessly connected to a vehicle, it can drive directly to the scene, allowing for a very short response time – practically zero minutes. In contrast, first responders whose mobile device (smartphone) is in sleep or standby mode can expect a longer response time.

[0030] The recording of transportation data for the means of transport used by the pre-alerted first responder to travel to the emergency site can be done either manually by the first responder via the first responder app or automatically, for example, based on movement data or focus mode data. Recording and considering this transportation data allows for a more differentiated selection of first responders. For example, first responders using a car can be prioritized if this results in shorter response times. Typically, the transportation data will be recorded manually by the first responder. Upon confirming the pre-alert, the first responder simultaneously indicates which means of transport they will use to travel to the emergency site, for example, on foot, by bicycle, or by car.The first responder app is ideally configured to offer the first responder three options: on foot, by bicycle, and by car, enabling rapid feedback of the mode of transport to the alarm server. The collection of transport data can be supplemented or replaced by automated functions. For example, movement data can be used to predict which mode of transport the first responder is likely to use. Focus mode data also allows for automatic inference of the mode of transport. If the mobile device (smartphone) is in driving mode, the first responder alert system can assume that the mode of transport is a car. Such functions or supplementary features may eliminate the need for the first responder to manually select their mode of transport, or may only require confirmation.

[0031] According to one aspect of the method according to the invention, it is provided that one or two of the first responders for whom the shortest response times are predicted (provided these predicted response times are shorter than the arrival time of the emergency medical service at the scene of the emergency) are assigned the emergency task of immediately performing first aid measures at the scene of the emergency, i.e., the emergency task of "resuscitation." After this emergency task has been assigned, these first responders are immediately and directly directed to the scene of the emergency by means of the first responder app. Preferably, the first responder alerting system according to the invention integrates the availability and use of automated external defibrillators (AEDs) into the emergency response in order to accelerate life-saving measures in the event of cardiac arrest. For this purpose, the alarm server can include an interface for connecting to an AED location database.

[0032] Within the framework of the inventive method for optimizing the alerting and dispatch of first responders in emergencies, first responders typically indicate, along with their availability message, whether they are carrying an AED after receiving the pre-alarm. If no AED is available at the emergency site and none of the first responders are carrying a personal AED, the first responder alerting system can use the AED location database to identify nearby public AED locations. First responders who offer the best combination of short travel time and rapid availability are specifically alerted and dispatched to collect an AED. The first responder alerting system calculates the response time required for the first responder to retrieve the AED and transport it to the emergency site. This AED travel time is compared with the estimated arrival time of the emergency medical services to ensure that the AED arrives on site in a timely manner.The assignment of the emergency task "AED provision" is secondary to the emergency task "resuscitation." This means that first responders with the shortest predicted arrival times are initially dispatched directly to the scene to begin immediate first aid measures such as chest compressions. Nevertheless, in parallel with the resuscitation first responders, another first responder is dispatched to retrieve the AED (emergency task "AED provision") if one is not already available at the scene. The entire alerting and coordination chain operates in real time, minimizing delays. This integration ensures that both qualified first responders and necessary equipment, such as an AED, arrive at the scene as quickly as possible. This significantly increases the efficiency of the emergency response and improves patients' chances of survival.

[0033] Preferably, the first responder alerting system uses real-time calculation and updates, continuously making adjustments based on feedback from first responders as well as updated location and movement data. This means the system operates in real time, continuously adapting alerting and dispatch decisions to the feedback and location / movement data of the first responders. Dynamic optimization of the alerting process ensures that the first responders with the best response times and resources are always selected, significantly increasing the efficiency of the emergency response chain.

[0034] In addition, the first responder alert system uses continuous data analysis to improve the quality of future deployments. It documents all location and deployment data and records target and actual times to identify patterns and continuously optimize the task assignment algorithm. This ensures a sustainable improvement in response times and the availability of life-saving measures in future emergencies.

[0035] The invention is explained below using an example of an emergency situation: A serious car accident occurs on a country road in which a vehicle has left the roadway and several people are injured. The emergency call is automatically triggered by the vehicle's eCall system and transmitted to the control center. The control center sends the coordinates of the accident / emergency location, the severity of the accident, and the estimated time of arrival of the emergency services to the alarm server of the first responder alerting system. The alarm server immediately begins to locate and alert available first responders in the vicinity.

[0036] Six registered first responders are identified, and their mobile devices transmit location data to the alarm server. The first responders are pre-alerted via the first responder app, assuming they will arrive by car. Five of the first responders confirm their availability and indicate their actual mode of transport: the first responder indicates they will arrive by car, the second and third by bicycle, and the fourth and fifth on foot. The sixth responder reports being unavailable. Furthermore, based on the location data and its inherently low precision, the first responder alerting system recognizes that the fifth responder is likely inside a building. A response time of two minutes is anticipated for the fifth responder. The reaction time is generally assumed to be "0," as it is typically negligible compared to the response and travel time.

[0037] The alarm server calculates the estimated arrival times of first responders, taking into account their means of transport and their alarm locations. The first responder will reach the scene in approximately two minutes, the second in three minutes, the third in four minutes, the fourth in six minutes, and the fifth in ten minutes. None of the first responders are carrying an AED. The alarm server then calculates the arrival times at the scene for the third, fourth, and fifth responders if a public AED is also provided. The shortest arrival time, including AED provision, is calculated for the third responder and is five minutes.

[0038] Based on this, the emergency tasks are distributed: The first first responder is tasked with resuscitating an unconscious patient, while the second first responder assists. The third first responder is assigned to retrieve an AED from a nearby location and bring it to the emergency site. The fourth first responder is responsible for on-site coordination, including briefing the ambulance service, and securing the emergency scene. The fifth first responder's assignment is canceled, as the ambulance service is expected to arrive in eight minutes, which is shorter than the fifth first responder's response time.

[0039] The first responder arrives at the scene of the emergency and immediately begins resuscitation of an unconscious victim. They check vital signs and perform chest compressions and rescue breaths. Shortly afterward, the second responder arrives and assists with the resuscitation. Meanwhile, the third responder retrieves the AED from a nearby location and brings it to the scene as quickly as possible, where they are immediately integrated into the resuscitation efforts. The AED is used to perform defibrillation if necessary.

[0040] The fourth first responder takes over coordination at the accident scene. They attend to those with less serious injuries, calm those involved in the accident, and keep bystanders away from the danger zone. They also make the necessary preparations to guide the emergency services. As soon as the emergency services arrive, the fourth first responder leads the rescue team to the accident site and provides important information about the measures taken so far and the condition of the injured.

[0041] The ambulance service takes over the care of the patients, while the first responders stabilize the situation on site and complete their tasks. All actions taken and arrival times are documented by the alarm server to enable even more effective coordination of future operations. This example demonstrates how precise task allocation and real-time communication between first responders and the alarm server enable a rapid and effective emergency response, ensuring life-saving measures and optimally bridging the time until professional medical care arrives.

Claims

1. A first responder alerting system for optimizing the alerting and dispatch of registered first responders in emergencies, wherein the first responder alerting system comprises: - an alarm server for managing data of the registered first responders and coordinating the alerting, wherein the alarm server has an interface for connection to an emergency dispatch system of a rescue service, - several mobile devices with location tracking functionality assigned to individual first responders of the first responder alerting system for determining the location data of the respective first responder, and - a digital application in the form of a first responder app that runs on the mobile devices for transmitting the location data of the first responders to the alarm server, for communication with the first responders and for coordinating the first responders, wherein the alarm server is set up.Upon receiving an emergency notification from the dispatch system, the system should: receive the emergency location and the expected arrival time of the emergency service at the emergency location; locate first responders at an alerting station near the emergency location; send a pre-alarm to a pre-selected number of first responders depending on the proximity of their alerting station; and assign an emergency task to the first responders who acknowledge the pre-alarm. characterized by the fact thatThe first responder app is further configured to collect and transmit transportation data for the means of transport used by the respective pre-alerted first responder to travel to the emergency location to the alarm server, whereby the alarm server is further configured to: - determine an individual estimated travel time from the first responder's alert location to the emergency location based on the location data and the transportation data, - anticipate an individual response time for each first responder, from the assignment of the emergency task until the first responder leaves the alert location, based at least on the location data and the transportation data, - predict an individual arrival time at the emergency location for each first responder from the sum of a system-defined, predetermined reaction time, from the pre-alert until the assignment of the emergency task, the individual response time, and the individual estimated travel time.and - to assign the emergency task to the first responders depending on the predicted individual arrival time.

2. First responder alert system according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that The location data determined using the location tracking function of the first responders' mobile devices includes data for the precision of the location determination.

3. First responder alert system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by the fact that The location data determined by means of the location tracking function of the mobile devices of the first responders includes time-resolved location data of the respective first responder.

4. First responder alert system according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by the fact thatThe first responder app is further configured to transmit focus mode data to the alarm server for a focus mode set on the mobile device of the respective first responder, and the alarm server is further configured to determine the first responder's response time based on the location data, the means of transport data and the focus mode data, and / or to determine the means of transport data based on the focus mode data.

5. First responder alert system according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by the fact that The alarm server also includes an interface for connecting to an AED location database.

6. Method for optimizing the alerting and dispatching of registered first responders in emergencies, carried out by means of a first responder alerting system according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized byThe following procedural steps are executed after the emergency notification: - Locating registered first responders near the emergency location and recording their location data, - Sending a pre-alert to a pre-selected number of first responders based on the proximity of the alert location to the emergency location, - Confirmation of the pre-alert by the first responders if available, - Recording the transportation data of the pre-alert first responders, - Determining the estimated travel time of each first responder, - Anticipating the response time of each first responder based on the location and transportation data, - Determining the predicted arrival time for each first responder as the sum of the predetermined, system-related response time, the individual response time anticipated for the first responder, and the individual estimated travel time determined for the first responder, and - Assigning the emergency task to the first responders who have confirmed the pre-alert.depending on the individual predicted arrival time of each first responder.

7. Method according to claim 6 using the first responder alerting system according to claim 2, characterized by the fact that Shorter response times can be anticipated the higher the precision of the location data.

8. Method according to claim 6 or 7, characterized by the fact that One or two of the first responders for whom the shortest arrival times are predicted, and provided that these predicted arrival times are shorter than the arrival time of the ambulance service at the emergency site, are assigned the emergency task of immediately carrying out first aid measures at the emergency site, whereby these first responders are immediately directed to the emergency site by means of the first responder app.

9. The method of claim 8, carried out using the first responder alerting system of claim 5, characterized by the fact thatAnother first aider will be dispatched to collect an AED if none of the first aiders assigned to carry out the first aid measures already have an AED with them.

10. Method according to any one of claims 6 to 9, characterized by the fact that The response and travel times are systematically recorded and stored for system optimization.

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