Small volume hydration method and related personal hydration system

Abstract

A method of fluid delivery to a user during an activity includes a fluid reservoir, a fluid pump, an electric pump, an electric motor, a battery, an alert device, a drink button, a processor and a fluid delivery apparatus configured to deliver the fluid to the user for consumption. The sweat rate is equal to a fluid delivery rate for the activity and determines a fluid delivery schedule having a fluid drink volume and a fluid drink frequency. The fluid drink volume of the fluid is constrained by a fluid drink volume range. The fluid drink frequency of the fluid is constrained by a fluid drink frequency range. The user is repeatedly notified by the alert device each time the fluid drink frequency has elapsed. The drink button turns on the electric motor for a run time configured to deliver the fluid drink volume through the fluid delivery apparatus.

Description

SMALL VOLUME HYDRATION METHODAND RELATED PERSONAL HYDRATION SYSTEMInventors: Eric Matthew Jaeger, Robert Gregory Stahl, and Jacob Timm BowlesCROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 512,892, filed July 10, 2023, which is incorporated herein by reference as if fully set forth herein.DESCRIPTION: FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0002] The present invention generally relates to hydration. More particularly, the present invention relates to a small volume hydration method and personal hydration system configured to perform such method.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0003] The human body depends on water to survive. Every cell, tissue and organ in your body needs water to work properly. For example, the human body uses water to maintain its temperature, remove waste and lubricate joints. Water is needed for overall good health and performance. This is especially important during high-intensity activities such as exercise, while competing in sporting events or while working in dangerous environments. For example, it is difficult to deliver fluids to a mountain bike rider while they are riding a mountain bike over difficult and dangerous terrain. It is difficult to deliver fluids to a racecar driver while they are racing a car. It is difficult to deliver fluid to a soldier while they are training, being transported or on the battlefield. As can be understood by those skilled in the art, it is difficult to deliver necessary hydration while one is engaged in such activities. Proper hydration not only increases physical performance but also mental performance. Accordingly, a need exists to develop a fluid delivery method and system that is easily worn and / or transported for improved hydration and performance. The present invention fulfills these needs and provides other related advantages.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0004] An exemplary embodiment of a method of delivering a fluid to a user during an activity comprising the steps of: providing a fluid reservoir; providing a fluid pump in fluidic communication with the fluid reservoir; providing a fluid delivery apparatus configured to deliver the fluid to the user for consumption, the fluid delivery apparatus in fluidic communication with the fluid pump; providing an electric motor configured to drive the fluid pump; providing a battery configured to provide electrical power to the electric motor; providing a processor electrically connected to and controlling the electric motor driving the fluid pump; determining a sweat rate for the activity and setting the sweat rate equal to a fluid delivery rate for the activity; determining a fluid delivery schedule from the fluid delivery rate; wherein the fluid delivery schedule comprises a fluid drink volume and a fluid drink frequency; wherein the fluid drink volume of the fluid is constrained by a fluid drink volume range; wherein the fluid drink frequency of the fluid is constrained by a fluid drink frequency range; providing at least one alert device in electrical communication with the processor, the at least one alert device comprising: a light, a speaker and / or a vibrator; repeatedly notifying the user by the at least one alert device each time the fluid drink frequency has elapsed as controlled by the processor, the fluid drink frequency configured to start over each time it elapses during the activity; providing a drink button operably connected to the processor (wired or wirelessly), the drink button configured to send a drink command to the processor; and wherein, upon activation of the drink button by the user, the processor is configured to turn on the electric motor for a run time configured to deliver the fluid drink volume and dispense the fluid drink volume for consumption to the user from the fluid reservoir through the fluid delivery apparatus.

[0005] In other exemplary embodiments, the fluid drink volume range may be at or above 5 milliliters and at or below 25 milliliters. The fluid drink volume range may be at or above 5 milliliters and at or below 50 milliliters. The fluid drink frequency range may be at or above 30 seconds and at or below 5 minutes. The fluid drink frequency range may be at or above 30 seconds and at or below 10 minutes. The fluid drink frequency range may be at or above 30 seconds and at or below 4 minutes. In still other embodiments, the fluid drink frequency may be at or above 30seconds and at or below 2.5 minutes. The fluid drink volume may be not below 5 milliliters and is not above 25 milliliters. The fluid drink frequency may be not below 30 seconds and is not above 5 minutes.

[0006] The step of providing a computer executable software configured to be executed on a personal electronic device may be included, where the computer executable software is configured to be at least in temporary communication with the processor.

[0007] The computer executable software may include an algorithm configured to be executed on a personal electronic device may be included.

[0008] Via the personal electronic device utilized by the user, the step of manually inputting at least one static variable descriptive of the user to the algorithm may be included, the at least one static variable descriptive of the user comprising: weight, height, age or sex.

[0009] Via the personal electronic device executing the algorithm, the step of receiving at least one static variable descriptive of the activity to the algorithm may be included, the at least one static variable descriptive of the activity comprising: activity difficulty, distance traversed, elevation traversed or activity description.

[0010] Via the algorithm, the step of determining the sweat rate may be based at least in part on the at least one static variable descriptive of the user and the at least one static variable descriptive of the activity.

[0011] The step of receiving, by the processor, the fluid delivery schedule from the personal electronic device may be included.

[0012] The step of allowing the user, via the personal electronic device executing the algorithm, to adjust the fluid delivery schedule between the fluid drink volume range and the fluid drink frequency range may be included.

[0013] An adjustment of the fluid drink volume and the fluid drink frequency may be tied together, wherein a single adjustment of the fluid delivery schedule changes respectively both the fluid drink volume and the fluid drink frequency to remain within their respective ranges wherein the fluid delivery rate for the activity does not change.

[0014] Via the personal electronic device executing the algorithm, the step of receiving at least one static variable descriptive of the environment to the algorithm for determining the sweat rate may be included, the at least one static variabledescriptive of the environment comprising: ambient temperature, relative humidity, elevation, solar radiation load, windspeed, wet bulb temperature.

[0015] The step of, via the personal electronic device executing the algorithm, receiving at least one static variable descriptive of a micro-climate to the algorithm for determining the sweat rate may be included, the at least one static variable descriptive of the micro-climate comprising: a clothing, a vehicle enclosure, a welding suit, a chemical protection suit and / or an elevated temperature environment.

[0016] The sweat rate may be equal to a sweat required for body cooling minus a body cooling by radiation, conduction and convection.

[0017] The step of preventing the user from dispensing the fluid drink volume outside the fluid delivery schedule may be included.

[0018] The step of allowing the user to dispense the fluid drink volume outside the fluid delivery schedule and not adjusting the fluid delivery schedule may be included.

[0019] The step of determining a fluid delivery schedule from the fluid delivery rate includes adding a buffer amount configured to account for a user’s state of dehydration at a start of the activity may be included.

[0020] The sweat rate determined by the algorithm may not consider a dynamic heart rate measurement of the user during the activity.

[0021] The sweat rate determined by the algorithm may not consider a dynamic sweat rate measurement of the user during the activity.

[0022] The step of calculating, via the algorithm executing on the personal electronic device, a fluid delivery schedule adherence score based upon how closely the user followed the fluid delivery schedule may be included.

[0023] The method of delivering the fluid to the user during the activity may not include utilization of a flow meter.

[0024] The algorithm may determine the sweat rate before the activity takes place, wherein the sweat rate is a predictive sweat rate.

[0025] The activity may not include sedentary behavior, sedentary behavior having a heart rate below 90 beats per minute.

[0026] The fluid delivery apparatus may include a headset configured to be worn by the user, the headset comprising a fluid spout having an orifice diameterlocated in front of a user’s mouth, wherein upon activation of the drink button by the user dispensing the fluid drink volume for consumption to the user from the fluid spout.

[0027] A flow rate out of the fluid spout of the fluid pump driven by the electric motor may be at a minimum of 0.6 liters per minute to a maximum of 1 liter per minute.

[0028] The orifice diameter of the fluid spout may be at a minimum of 2.5 mm to a maximum of 3.2 mm.

[0029] A refill button electronically connected to the processor may be included, the refill button configured to operate the electric motor in reverse in comparison to the drink button, the refill button enabling the fluid reservoir to be filled through the fluid delivery apparatus.

[0030] The fluid reservoir, the fluid pump, the electric motor, the battery, the processor, the at least one alert device and the drink button may be all integrated and / or contained within a backpack configured to be worn by the user.

[0031] The step of calibrating the electric motor, the electric pump and the fluid delivery apparatus to provide the fluid drink volume may be included, the step of calibrating comprising, via the personal electronic device, directing the user to hold the drink button until a predetermined volume of fluid is delivered from the fluid delivery apparatus into a measuring container, determining the amount of time required to reach the predetermined volume of fluid, calculating an actual flow rate, and utilizing the actual flow rate to determine the run time of the electric motor to provide the fluid drink volume.

[0032] An alternative step of calibrating may comprise, via the personal electronic device, directing the user to depress the drink button and to capture fluid delivered from the delivery apparatus into a measuring device, delivering fluid for a predetermined period, receiving an input from the user corresponding to the amount of fluid delivered during the predetermined time, calculating an actual flow rate, and utilizing the actual flow rate to determine the run time of the electric motor to provide the fluid drink volume.

[0033] Another exemplary embodiment of a method of delivering a fluid to a user during an activity comprising the steps of: providing a fluid reservoir; providing a fluid pump in fluidic communication with the fluid reservoir; providing a fluid deliveryapparatus configured to deliver the fluid to the user for consumption, the fluid delivery apparatus in fluidic communication with the fluid pump; providing an electric motor configured to drive the fluid pump; providing a battery configured to provide electrical power to the electric motor; providing a processor electrically connected to and controlling the electric motor driving the fluid pump; providing a computer executable software configured to be executed on a personal electronic device, the computer executable software configured to be at least in temporary communication with the processor; where the computer executable software includes an algorithm configured to be executed on a personal electronic device; via the personal electronic device executing the algorithm, receiving at least one static variable descriptive of the user, the at least one static variable descriptive of the user comprising: weight, height, age or sex; via the personal electronic device executing the algorithm, receiving at least one static variable descriptive of the activity, the at least one static variable descriptive of the activity comprising: activity difficulty, distance traversed, elevation traversed or activity description; via the algorithm, determining a sweat rate based on the at least one static variable descriptive of the user and the at least one static variable descriptive of the activity; setting the sweat rate equal to a fluid delivery rate for the activity; via the algorithm, determining a fluid delivery schedule from the fluid delivery rate; wherein the fluid delivery schedule comprises a fluid drink volume and a fluid drink frequency; wherein the fluid drink volume of the fluid is constrained by a fluid drink volume range, wherein the fluid drink volume range is at or above 5 milliliters and at or below 25 milliliters; wherein the fluid drink frequency of the fluid is constrained by a fluid drink frequency range, wherein the fluid drink frequency range is at or above 30 seconds and at or below 5 minutes; receiving, by the processor, the fluid delivery schedule from the personal electronic device; providing at least one alert device electronically connected to the processor, the at least one alert device comprising: a light, a speaker and / or a vibrator; repeatedly notifying the user by the at least one alert device each time the fluid drink frequency has elapsed as controlled by the processor, the fluid drink frequency configured to start over each time it elapses during the activity; providing a drink button operably connected to the processor, the drink button configured to send a drink command to the processor; and wherein, upon activation of the drink button by the user, the processor is configured to turn on the electric motor for a run time configured to deliver the fluid drink volume and dispense the fluid drink volumefor consumption to the user from the fluid reservoir through the fluid delivery apparatus.

[0034] Another exemplary embodiment of a method of delivering a fluid to a user during an activity comprising the steps of: providing a fluid reservoir; providing a fluid pump in fluidic communication with the fluid reservoir; providing a fluid delivery apparatus configured to deliver the fluid to the user for consumption, the fluid delivery apparatus in fluidic communication with the fluid pump; providing an electric motor configured to drive the fluid pump; providing a battery configured to provide electrical power to the electric motor; providing a processor electrically connected to and controlling the electric motor driving the fluid pump; programing the processor with a fluid delivery schedule, wherein the fluid delivery schedule comprises a fluid drink volume and a fluid drink frequency based on a user’s predicted loss of fluids through sweat during the activity; providing at least one alert device in electrical communication with the processor, the at least one alert device comprising: a light, a speaker and / or a vibrator; repeatedly notifying the user by the at least one alert device each time the fluid drink frequency has elapsed as controlled by the processor, the fluid drink frequency configured to start over each time it elapses during the activity; providing a drink button operably connected to the processor, the drink button configured to send a drink command to the processor; and wherein, upon activation of the drink button by the user, the processor is configured to turn on the electric motor for a run time configured to deliver the fluid drink volume and dispense the fluid drink volume for consumption to the user from the fluid reservoir through the fluid delivery apparatus.

[0035] Other features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following more detailed description, when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which illustrate, by way of example, the principles of the invention.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] The accompanying drawings illustrate the invention. In such drawings:

[0037] FIGURE 1 is a simplified schematic representation of a personal fluid delivery system of the present invention;

[0038] FIGURE 2 is an isometric view of one embodiment of the present invention now realized as backpack with a helmet mounted spout;

[0039] FIGURE 3 is another isometric view of the structure of FIG. 1 ;

[0040] FIGURE 4 is another isometric view of the structure of FIG. 1 ;

[0041] FIGURE 5 is an isometric view of a pod assembly of the present invention;

[0042] FIGURE 6 is another isometric view of the structure of FIG. 5 from an opposite side;

[0043] FIGURE 7 is an isometric inside the pod from the structure of FIG. 5 now with the cover removed;

[0044] FIGURE 8 is an isometric view of an embodiment of a fluid reservoir of the present invention;

[0045] FIGURE 9 is another isometric view of the structure of FIG. 8 from an opposite side;

[0046] FIGURE 10 is an isometric view of a control panel used in the present invention;

[0047] FIGURE 11 is an enlarged view of the control panel from FIG. 10;

[0048] FIGURE 12 is an isometric view of a battery indicator panel used in the present invention;

[0049] FIGURE 13 is an enlarged view of the battery indicator panel from FIG. 12;

[0050] FIGURE 14A is an isometric view of wireless drink button of the present invention;

[0051] FIGURE 14B is another isometric view of the structure of FIG. 14A now from a bottom side;

[0052] FIGURE 15A is an isometric view of wireless drink button of the present invention;

[0053] FIGURE 15B is another isometric view of the structure of FIG. 15A now from a bottom side;

[0054] FIGURE 16A is an isometric view of wireless drink button of the present invention;

[0055] FIGURE 16B is another isometric view of the structure of FIG. 16A now from a bottom side;

[0056] FIGURE 17A are sketches illustrating another embodiment of a drink trigger in the form of a ring;

[0057] FIGURE 17B is a sketch illustrating the ring from the structure of 17A now being worn by a user;

[0058] FIGURE 18 is a simplified schematic representation of another embodiment of the personal fluid delivery system of the present invention now realized in a bottle;

[0059] FIGURE 19 shows a simplified flow chart of an algorithm used in the present invention;

[0060] FIGURE 20 is a picture of one embodiment of a typical personal electronic device running a computer executable software application of the present invention;

[0061] FIGURE 21 is a screen capture of an embodiment of the software application of the present invention now showing an introductory screen;

[0062] FIGURE 22 is a screen capture of an embodiment of the software application of the present invention now showing another introductory screen;

[0063] FIGURE 23 is a screen capture of an embodiment of the software application of the present invention now showing another introductory screen;

[0064] FIGURE 24 is a screen capture of an embodiment of the software application of the present invention now showing another introductory screen;

[0065] FIGURE 25 is a screen capture of an embodiment of the software application of the present invention now showing a first step in hardware setup and pairing;

[0066] FIGURE 26 is a screen capture of an embodiment of the software application of the present invention now showing a second step in hardware setup and pairing;

[0067] FIGURE 27 is a screen capture of an embodiment of the software application of the present invention now showing a third step in hardware setup and pairing;

[0068] FIGURE 28 is a screen capture of an embodiment of the software application of the present invention now showing a fourth step in hardware setup and pairing;

[0069] FIGURE 29 is a screen capture of an embodiment of the software application of the present invention now showing a first step in connection utilizing a third party vendor;

[0070] FIGURE 30 is a screen capture of an embodiment of the software application of the present invention now showing a second step in connection utilizing a third party vendor;

[0071] FIGURE 31 is a screen capture of an embodiment of the software application of the present invention now showing a third step in connection utilizing a third party vendor;

[0072] FIGURE 32 is a screen capture of an embodiment of the software application of the present invention now showing a first step in connecting to a third- party health care provider account;

[0073] FIGURE 33 is a screen capture of an embodiment of the software application of the present invention now showing a second step in connecting to a third-party health care provider account;

[0074] FIGURE 34 is a screen capture of an embodiment of the software application of the present invention now showing a third step in connecting to a third- party health care provider account;

[0075] FIGURE 35 is a screen capture of an embodiment of the software application of the present invention now showing a fourth step in connecting to a third-party health care provider account;

[0076] FIGURE 36 is a screen capture of an embodiment of the software application of the present invention now showing a fifth step in connecting to a third- party health care provider account;

[0077] FIGURE 37 is a screen capture of an embodiment of the software application of the present invention now showing a first step in entering a user’s physical information to the software application;

[0078] FIGURE 38 is a screen capture of an embodiment of the software application of the present invention now showing a second step in entering a user’s physical information to the software application;

[0079] FIGURE 39 is a screen capture of an embodiment of the software application of the present invention now showing a third step in entering a user’s physical information to the software application;

[0080] FIGURE 40 is a screen capture of an embodiment of the software application of the present invention now showing a fourth step in entering a user’s physical information to the software application;

[0081] FIGURE 41 is a screen capture of an embodiment of the software application of the present invention now showing a fifth step in entering a user’s physical information to the software application;

[0082] FIGURE 42 is a screen capture of an embodiment of the software application of the present invention now showing a first embodiment of a help screen;

[0083] FIGURE 43 is a screen capture of an embodiment of the software application of the present invention now showing a second embodiment of a help screen;

[0084] FIGURE 44 is a screen capture of an embodiment of the software application of the present invention now showing a third embodiment of a help screen;

[0085] FIGURE 45 is a screen capture of an embodiment of the software application of the present invention now showing a fourth embodiment of a help screen;

[0086] FIGURE 46 is a screen capture of an embodiment of the software application of the present invention now showing a fifth embodiment of a help screen;

[0087] FIGURE 47 is a screen capture of an embodiment of the software application of the present invention now showing a sixth embodiment of a help screen;

[0088] FIGURE 48 is a screen capture of an embodiment of the software application of the present invention now showing a seventh embodiment of a help screen;

[0089] FIGURE 49 is a screen capture of an embodiment of the software application of the present invention now showing an eighth embodiment of a help screen;

[0090] FIGURE 50 is a screen capture of an embodiment of the software application of the present invention now showing a home screen;

[0091] FIGURE 51 is a screen capture of an embodiment of the software application of the present invention now showing a user’s profile settings;

[0092] FIGURE 52 is a screen capture of an embodiment of the software application of the present invention now showing a user’s activity overview;

[0093] FIGURE 53 is a screen capture of an embodiment of the software application of the present invention now showing a user’s former activities;

[0094] FIGURE 54 is a screen capture of an embodiment of the software application of the present invention now showing a first step for a user to set up a new activity;

[0095] FIGURE 55 is a screen capture of an embodiment of the software application of the present invention now showing a second step for a user to set up a new activity;

[0096] FIGURE 56 is a screen capture of an embodiment of the software application of the present invention now showing a third step for a user to set up a new activity;

[0097] FIGURE 57 is a screen capture of an embodiment of the software application of the present invention now showing a fourth step for a user to set up a new activity;

[0098] FIGURE 58 is a screen capture of an embodiment of the software application of the present invention now showing a fifth step for a user to set up a new activity;

[0099] FIGURE 59 is a screen capture of an embodiment of the software application of the present invention now showing how an activity can be selected when the user is about to perform that particular activity;

[0100] FIGURE 60 is a screen capture of an embodiment of the software application of the present invention now showing a user’s adjustment of the fluid delivery schedule;

[0101] FIGURE 61 is a screen capture of an embodiment of the software application of the present invention now showing a user’s adjustment of the fluid delivery schedule different from that in FIG. 60;

[0102] FIGURE 62 is a screen capture of an embodiment of the software application of the present invention now showing a user has completed an activity;

[0103] FIGURE 63 is a screen capture of an embodiment of the software application of the present invention now showing a user’s entering feedback regarding the activity from FIG. 62; and

[0104] FIGURE 64 is a screen capture of an embodiment of the software application of the present invention now showing a hydration score.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0105] As used herein a “fluid” generally refers to “water,” and vice versa. However, “fluid” can also include water with additives such as electrolytes or other performance enhancing minerals and vitamins. Various sweeteners and flavorings can also be added to the water for the enjoyment of the user. Accordingly, this disclosure of a personal fluid delivery system is not to be strictly limited to the use of just water.

[0106] Introduction:

[0107] The inventor wanted to develop a way to accurately predict how much water a person would consume during a particular physical activity. Once the amount of water which was needed was determined, the inventor could then develop the best way to deliver the needed water to the person. Prior to developing a prediction equation, the scientific literature was reviewed for existing prediction equations on sweat loss and hydration. In the last ten years a variety of equations have been developed that estimate sweat loss or dehydration. However, all equations have several limitations compared to the algorithm of the present invention. The only equation aimed at predicting dehydration used sensor technology to determine a threshold when a participant should drink water (See Sabry et al., 2022). The Sabry equation does not prescribe a volume or frequency for fluid consumption. Instead, it simply notifies the user that they are dehydrated and should drink. Evidence on drinking profiles suggests participants that use this equation would consume fluid in bolus drinks (i.e., single, relatively large quantity of a substance) as opposed to multiple small volume drinks. (As used herein in this application, small volume dosing refers to and includes a range of 5 ml to 25 ml of liquid volume.) The inventor of the instant application believes that consuming fluids in bolus drinks is not ideal. To the contrary, the present invention teaches consuming fluids in small volume drinks is better for maintenance of a proper hydration status leading to optimal physical and mental performance.

[0108] There are several equations that aim to predict volume of sweat produced for a given activity (See Baker et al., 2019; Cheuvront et al., 2021 ; Choi et al., 2019; Sollanek et al., 2020). However, these equations are limited because they were designed for one specific activity such as running or cycling and are nottranslatable to other activities. Another set of equations predicted sweat rate with physiological monitoring of caloric expenditure and / or sweat rate (See Nyein et al., 2019; Tabasum et al., 2022; Wang et al., 2022; Zhao et al., 2020). The limitations with these equations are the data inputs for the prediction equation that could only be captured in a laboratory setting and thus the equations lack real world applicability. Thereby, to overcome these limitations it was necessary to develop estimation equations that could be applicable to all types of activity and not require laboratory equipment for data inputs.

[0109] Inventor’s Approach to Developing a Prediction Equation for Continuous Small Volume Dosing Hydration:

[0110] The goal of the prediction equation is to deliver fluid that replenishes sweat loss throughout the activity, thereby users do not need to drink post activity or use the bathroom. The prediction equation can be summarized as the total drinking fluid required is equal to sweat loss for a given time period of activity. A secondary philosophy was to build a prediction equation in modules so that as technology advanced “estimated values” could be replaced with direct measurements. When developing a prediction equation to determine the required volume of fluid per activity there are variables influencing sweat loss and hydration. Some of these variables can be activity difficu Ity / intensity , body weight, body height, ambient relative humidity, ambient temperature, age and sex.[01 1 1 ] Optionally, a buffer amount of fluid may be added, as most people begin activity slightly dehydrated due to not wanting to feel bloated or stop during the activity to go to the bathroom. Therefore, a buffer amount of fluid may be added to the prediction equation so that total drinking fluid required equals sweat loss plus the buffer amount. It is understood by those skilled in the art that this buffer may be 25, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500 ml or any other volume of fluid as needed.

[0112] Current Limitations of Predicting Small Volume Dosing Hydration: [01 1 3] The current prediction equation estimates a variety of variables which could reduce accuracy as compared to directly measuring the specified variable, forthis reason there are some limitations to the current prediction equation as detailed herein.

[0114] First, the prediction equation is intended for activity (i.e., running, cycling, motorsports, etc.) and not optimized for sedentary behavior (i.e., watching tv, working at the computer, playing video games, etc.). Typically, sedentary behavior has a resting heart rate under 90 beats per minute. It is understood by those skilled in the art that adjustments could be made to the present invention to create a predictive equation for such sedentary behavior.[01 1 5] Second, the prediction equation assumes a user will correctly selfassess their “activity difficulty” rating prior to their activity. If they deviate by a number greater than 3 units, the equation will be less accurate. For example, if a user enters an “activity difficulty” of 5 and then exercises at an 8, the user may receive less water than they require to maintain optimal hydration. Conversely, if a user enters an “activity difficulty” of 5 and then exercises at a 2, the user may receive more water than they require to maintain optimal hydration. Improvements in the accuracy of a user’s activity difficulty can be made utilizing real time monitoring of heart rate and / or core body temperature during the activity. However, an advantage of the present invention is that present invention works without the need for a dynamic heart rate measurement or a core body temperature taken from a sensor in real time.

[0116] Third, and as mentioned previously, some current literature suggests that the majority of individuals begin activity slightly to moderately dehydrated. As an option, the prediction equation could be modified to assume that users will begin activity partially dehydrated and therefore prescribes an additional volume of fluid added to the predicted sweat volume. This additional amount of fluid may need to be adjusted depending on user preference.[01 1 7] Fourth, the prediction equation may not be accurate for ambient temperatures less than 45 degrees Fahrenheit.

[0118] Fifth, the prediction equation assumes an air and clothing insulation value of which is based on typical mountain biking attire with a backpack. Additional user input may be utilized to adjust the clothing insulation value, thereby increasing equation accuracy.

[0119] User Inputs Required:

[0120] The following variables are entered by the user to determine the required volume and frequency of fluid to consume: Weight (lbs.); Height (in); Age (years); Sex (male or female); Activity Difficulty on a scale of 1 to 10 with 1 being very light activity and 10 being maximal effort. It is understood by those skilled in the art that the scale of difficulty could range from 1 to 5, from 1 to 15 or from 1 to 20, as the specific use of 1 to 10 is not to be considered limiting the invention to this precise form described and taught herein.

[0121] The following variables may be collected from the user’s smart device or directly obtained by the circuit board and / or microchip controlling the fluid delivery system: Ambient Temperature (F); Relative Humidity (%).

[0122] Use of Equations in Determining Small Volume Dosing Hydration Prescription:

[0123] From the user inputs previously described, the following equations were used to convert the user inputs into variables that could predict sweat rate. Some of these equations were drawn from existing scientific literature but are now used in the present invention in a novel way.

[0124] Ambient temperature is converted to Celsius from Fahrenheit based on the following equation: ambient temperature in (Celsius) = {ambient temperature (F)- 32} * (5 / 9).

[0125] Weight in pounds is converted to kilograms to estimate body surface area based on the following equation: weight (kg) = weight (lbs.) / 2.2.

[0126] Height in inches is converted to meters to estimate body surface area based on the following equation: height (m) = height (in) * 0.0254.

[0127] Body surface area is calculated from weight in kilograms and height in meters based on the following equation: body surface area (BSA) = 0.202 * (weight(kg)A0.425)*(height(m)A0.725).

[0128] The body surface area coefficient is standardized to “1” as the population of interest is under 45 and healthy and is based on the following equation: estimated body surface area coefficient = 1 * body surface area. Future iterations of the algorithm may adjust this based on clinical or elderly use.

[0129] Body heat generation is determined by the estimated oxygen consumption (during activity) in relation to body size. Taken together these variablesare a proxy for core body temperature. As core body temperature increases sweat rate will increase to cool the body. Body heat generation is a prediction from estimated oxygen consumption (see “Derived Equations for Prescribing Small Volume Dosing Hydration” section), weight and body surface area, which is the following equation: body heat generation (watts) = {(estimated oxygen consumption * weight[kg]) / 1000}*60*(5.68 / BSA). Improvements in the accuracy of body heat generation can be made utilizing real time monitoring of core body temperature during the activity.

[0130] Skin temperature is estimated by multiplying ambient temperature by 0.53 and adding 20.28, which is the following equation: estimated skin temperature (Celsius) = {0.53 * ambient temperature (C)}+20.28. The use of skin temperature determines the thermal gradient and which heat is dissipated from the body to the environment. Improvements in the accuracy of skin temperature can be made utilizing real time monitoring of skin temperature during the activity.

[0131] The “clo” value is an estimated insulation value based on the clothing and air around the skin. For the purposes of the inventor’s purpose, this clo value is equal to. More specifically, the clo value is predetermined as the total clothing and air insulation for active bikers with a backpack. Future iterations of the algorithm could incorporate different clo values for various activities.

[0132] The estimated ratio of sweat on body surface area (w) is equal to 1 . This is the standard for individuals under 45. Different ratios may be used depending on age and other factors.

[0133] The coefficient of evaporative heat transfer is equal to 4.95 / (clo*0.155). As clothing can influence body cooling, the coefficient of evaporative heat transfer is influenced by the clo value.

[0134] The water vapor pressure on the skin determines the rate at which sweat can evaporate. To estimate water vapor pressure on the skin, skin temperature can be transformed in the following equation: estimated water vapor pressure on the skin (KPA) = eA[18.686-{(4030.183 / estimated skin temperature) + 235}].

[0135] The ambient water vapor pressure determines the rate at which sweat can evaporate. To estimate ambient water vapor pressure, ambient temperature can be transformed in the following equation: estimated ambient water vapor pressure(KPA) = eA[18.686-{(4030.183 / ambient temperature) + 235}] * (Relative Humidity / 100).

[0136] Derived Equations used to Create a Predictive Sweat Algorithm:

[0137] A variety of equations can be devised to create a predictive sweat algorithm. As more testing and development occurs, the equations will be adjusted over time. Therefore, a general discussion of factors and considerations that could go into such an algorithm is beneficial at this time.

[0138] Four Methods of Body Cooling: During activity, the human body generates a considerable amount of heat. This has been calculated above as body heat generation. The body then cools itself to offset this increase in body heat through utilization of the following four heat transfer processes: evaporation, convection, conduction, and radiation.

[0139] Evaporation: The human body creates sweat on the surface of the skin, which cools the body via evaporation. In developing an equation for hydration based that is based on predicted sweat rate, it is necessary to determine the total rate of body cooling from convection, conduction, and radiation, and subtract that amount from Body Heat Generation. The balance of that equation will thus equal the rate of body cooling due to evaporation. Further calculations can be made utilizing the aforementioned equations, in determining total sweat rate based on evaporation from the surface of the skin.

[0140] Convection: The second primary mechanism following sweating by which the body cools itself is convection. Convection cools the body by allowing heat to transfer from the body to air around the body. Therefore, it is determined by the ambient temperature, skin temperature and insulating nature of clothing.

[0141] Radiation and Conduction: In order to account for body cooling from conduction and radiation it is necessary to evaluate the evaporative properties of sweat on the skin in relation to the environment. By accounting for the layer of sweat on the skin it will account for the thermal transfer of conduction and radiation.

[0142] Total Drinking Volume Rate: Total drinking volume required for activity (ml / hr) = total sweat rate. The inventor is prescribing a total drinking volume rate that is equal to the predicted sweat output of a user during an activity.

[0143] There is also a non-obvious benefit to the present invention. If a user begins an activity in a state of dehydration, their sweat output will typically be lower than predicted by the subject matter algorithm, due to less available total body fluids. In this situation, the total drinking volume prescribed will be greater than the volume of sweat actually produced. Given that a user in this state began their activity in a state of dehydration, the additional drinking volume they received will result in aiding the user to reduce their state of dehydration. In other words, they will receive an additional amount of drinking water that will help them return to a state of optimal hydration.

[0144] Optionally, and as discussed previously, the majority of people may begin activity slightly dehydrated. Therefore, the total drinking volume may be adjusted by adding in an extra volume, such as 110ml, to the sweat rate. As mentioned previously, the optional amount added could be an extra 25, 50, 75, 100, 110, 125 ml or any other amount determined to be helpful.

[0145] Optionally, a person may be disposed within a micro-climate that would affect the needed hydration. A micro-climate could be additional clothing worn by the user such as a welding suit or a chemical protection suit. A micro-climate could also be a vehicle enclosure such as a racing car. A micro-climate could also be a physical enclosure such as a yoga studio or a sauna. The present invention could be configured to take these micro-climates into account when determining the needed hydration per activity.

[0146] In summary, the total drinking volume required for an activity which is equal to the sweat rate during the activity. The total sweat rate, derived from body cooling by evaporation, can be calculated based on the following parameters: body heat generation minus body cooling by convection and minus body cooling by radiation and conduction.

[0147] Small Volume Dosing:

[0148] The inventor has further determined that it is better to ingest small drinks of water on a consistent time interval rather than injecting a large amount of water when the user feels thirsty. This can be described as micro dosing. Accordingly, the present invention has determined that the small volume dosing volume (ml) is equal to the range of 5ml to 25ml (milliliters) of fluid determined by theuser. The upper range could also be 30ml, 35ml, 40ml, 45ml or 50ml. It is understood by those skilled in the art that larger individuals could benefit from these higher amounts of fluid being up to 50ml per individual drink.

[0149] The user is able to select how much fluid will be dispersed from 5ml to 25ml. There are at least two reasons for the small volume drink. First, is the amount that humans can comfortably swallow in one 'gulp' during physical exertion. Second, is the amount the human body can digest at one time with water traversing the walls of the small intestine into the blood stream during a physical exertion. Any amount less than or more than this range is not preferred, as variances outside these amounts will not lead to optimum results. The inventor teaches herein that the human body is able to rapidly digest up to 25ml of water within 5 minutes during an activity. Any amount more than this could lead to excess water remaining in the digestive system, resulting in discomfort, bloating, and potentially lost to urination. Again, larger individuals or those with faster digestive systems could benefit from the larger drinks up to 50ml.

[0150] The small volume dosing frequency informs the user how often they are required to drink and is restricted at or between 30 seconds to a 5 minute range. The rationale for this range is to ensure the user consumes small drinks frequently which will improve absorption in the intestine and result in better hydration rather than consuming fluids in bolus drinks. Alternatively, the upper limit of 5 minutes may be reduced to an upper limit of 4 and a half minutes, 4 minutes, 3 and a half minutes, 3 minutes and 2 and a half minutes. Furthermore, the upper limit of 5 minutes may be extended to an upper limit of 5 and a half minutes, 6 minutes, 6 and a half minutes, 7 minutes, 7 and a half minutes, 8 minutes, 8 and a half minutes, 9 minutes, 9 and a half minutes and 10 minutes.

[0151] Alternatively, the present invention could be allowed to dispense fluids outside the optimal ranges for situations such as giving a friend a drink or using the water to rinse themselves or an object. For example, if the drink trigger of the present invention was pushed outside of the allowable ranges and did not dispense a drink, a continuous hold of the drink trigger beyond a time limit, such as 3 seconds, would then override the system lockout and cause the system to dispense fluids.

[0152] Personal Fluid Delivery Apparatus:

[0153] The present invention comprises a personal fluid delivery system that can be worn during various high-intensity activities, such as a bicyclist on a mountain path, or disposed within a vehicle the user is traveling within, such as a driver within a race car. The personal fluid delivery system enables the user access to fluids (i.e., drinking water) on demand in an easy manner such that it does not distract from the task at hand. The personal fluid delivery system can be designed to provide the user access to clean water when requested, or the present invention can operate by reminding the user at predetermined intervals that they need to drink, and then delivering water directly to their lips, providing hands-free, thought-free, on-demand hydration. As can be understood by those skilled in the art, the present invention disclosed herein can be applicable to other uses such as for those engaging in power sports, extreme sports, athletics, exercise, hiking, walking, running, industrial industries, medical industries or military industries.

[0154] FIGURE 1 is a simplified schematic representation of a personal fluid delivery system 10 of the present invention. A fluid reservoir 11 contains water 12 for hydration. The fluid reservoir could be a flexible pouch that is worn by the user placed in a backpack, it could be a rigid bodied tank that is attached inside a vehicle or it could simply be a bottle carried by the user. A fluid line 13 connects the reservoir to a pod 14. The pod 14 can combine a pump 15, a motor 16 and a processor 17 (i.e., circuit board and / or microchip) within a single durable, waterproof housing 24. A battery 18 is electrically connected to the pod, and more specifically powers the motor and processor. Alternately, the battery could be disposed within the pod or be disposed remotely as well. A fluid line 19 connects the pod to a water distribution device 20 through an optional fluid connector 27. The fluid connector 27 can allow various water distribution devices to be connected thereto. For example, the fluid connector can be used to connect the fluid line 19 to a hand-held dispenser 20a or a headset 20b that delivers water right to the user 21 in a hands-free manner from a spout 53 that is placed directly in front of the user’s mouth. The system fluid lines remain pressurized through check valves 28 disposed in the fluid connector 27 keeping water ready for immediate delivery and to prevent water from leaking outwards when a connector was disconnected.

[0155] Using an application running on a personal electronic device 22 (e.g., desktop computer, laptop computer, smartphone, hand-held device, tablet, smartwatch, any wearable electronic) the system is completely programmable with the volume, interval and strength of the water delivery. A wireless communication 23 such as Bluetooth can enable the smartphone and pod to communicate with one another. A notification device 25 directs the user when it is time to take a drink. The notification device can be an LED light, a speaker to generate a sound, and / or a vibration device that is in physical contact with the user. The notification device can be hard wired or wirelessly in communication with the pod and programmed by the personal electronic device. A drink button 26 can be pressed by the user to then dispense the fluid for consumption. The drink button can be hard wired or wirelessly in electrical communication with the pod.

[0156] To refill the fluid reservoir, the pump can be operated in reverse and suck water backwards through the fluid line 19 thereby replenishing the water inside the reservoir 11. For example, using the hand-held line 20a connected to fluid line 19, if the distal end of hand-held line 20a was placed inside a water source, the pump could be activated to suck water from the water source and fill the reservoir 11 . Alternatively, using an auxiliary refill line 29, the reservoir could be filled directly and bypass the pod assembly 14. The refill line 29 could be one in the same as line 19 from a second personal fluid delivery system that is being worn by a friend or colleague thereby enabling refilling one reservoir from another reservoir.

[0157] FIGURES 2-4 are isometric views of a particular embodiment of the present invention taking the general schematic of FIG. 1 and embodying it into a backpack 30 that can be worn by the user during a physical activity.

[0158] FIGURE 5 is an isometric view of the pod 14 from the structure of FIGS. 2-4 removed from the backpack 30. FIGURE 6 is another isometric view of the structure of FIG. 5 taken from a back perspective. The pod 14 has the housing 24 which is formed to match the contours of the backpack 30. The housing has a back side 24a that abuts (albeit through the backpack) the user’s back when worn. A front side 24b attaches to the back side, or vice versa. The housing can be made from a rigid or semi-rigid material, such as a polymer, composite, elastomer or combination thereof, to protect the structures disposed therein and to provide comfort to the user of the backpack.

[0159] Extending from the pod are various fluid lines and electronic wires. More specifically, from the pod extends the fluid line 13 that can be attached to areservoir, where the reservoir is not shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 for simplicity. At the top of the pod is a flexible neck portion 31 that would be attached to the fluid line 19 which can best be seen in FIGS. 2-4.

[0160] From the bottom of the pod extend two electrical wires. First, there is a control panel assembly 32 attached with wire 33. Referring ahead to FIGS. 10 and 11 , the control panel assembly 32 houses the drink button 26 and a refill button 34. There is also a power button 35 disposed in the center which turns the device on and off. At the distal end of the wire 33 is an electrical connector 36 such that the entire control panel assembly can be removed and replaced during servicing if need be. The control panel assembly 32 can be seen in FIG. 2 integrated onto the right shoulder strap of the backpack 30.

[0161] Referring back to FIGS. 5 and 6, an electrical wire 37 extends and splits at 38 to a battery display panel 39 with button 40 and to the notification device 25. This is also best seen in FIGS. 12 and 13. When one presses the button 40, it then displays the state of the battery charge with an LED or other lighting means on a battery charge display 41. At the distal end of the wire 37 is an electrical connector 42 such that the entire battery charge display panel and notification device assembly can be removed and replaced during servicing if need be. The battery display panel 42 can be seen in FIG. 2 being integrated on the back side of the backpack 30.

[0162] Referring to FIG. 7, the front cover 24b has been removed from the pod 14 and the devices disposed inside are now visible. More specifically, the pump 15, the motor 16, the processor 17 and the battery 18 are shown. It is understood by those skilled in the art that this is just one embodiment of the present invention and many packaging configurations are possible.

[0163] FIGURES 8 and 9 are isometric views of one fluid reservoir 11 used in the backpack of FIGS. 2-4. This particular fluid reservoir is flexible in nature and is designed to be carried within the backpack 30. The fluid connector 43 is then attachable to the fluid connector 44 shown in FIGS. 5 and 6.

[0164] FIGURES 14A and 14B are another embodiment of a wireless drink button 26 of the present invention utilizing a wireless connection 23. This embodiment is designed to form fit to a particular handlebar assembly of a vehicle or structure.

[0165] FIGURES 15A and 15B are another embodiment of a wireless drink button 26 of the present invention utilizing a wireless connection 23. This embodiment may be attached to a user’s clothing or placed in various small spaces.

[0166] FIGURES 16A and 16B are another embodiment of a wireless drink button 26 of the present invention utilizing a wireless connection 23. This embodiment is designed to attach around a tube of a vehicle, such as a handlebar or roll bar of a vehicle.

[0167] It is understood that the embodiments of FIGS. 14016 would all have their own power source and a transmitter such that it could communicate with the pod 14 of the present invention. These buttons could also utilize a hardwired electrical connection to the pod 14.

[0168] FIGURES 17A and 17B illustrate another embodiment of a drink trigger26 of the present invention that is essentially a ring 45 that is worn by the user. The ring 45 has a hook-and-loop fastening strap 46 that allows universal attachment for people of varying finger sizes. The ring would include a power source 47 (i.e., battery), a microchip 48 and a wireless transmitter 49 (e.g., Bluetooth) contained within a housing 50 of the ring. A user would easily be able to press the drink trigger button 26 with their thumb and activate the system of the present invention.

[0169] Optionally for military use, the ring would only send a signal when the button 26 was activated and would not send any signal or have connectivity otherwise with the system of the present invention to maintain a silent operation undetectable by enemy forces. Furthermore, the strength of the Bluetooth signal could be configured to be strong enough just to work with a couple feet but not detectable beyond that. This would further protect the user from enemy detection if the button was mistakenly pressed.

[0170] The present invention can take on a variety of shapes and forms beyond that shown and taught in FIGS. 1-17. For example, FIGURE 18 is yet another simplified schematic of a personal fluid delivery system 10 now embodied as a water bottle. As before, a fluid reservoir 11 contains water 12 for hydration. The fluid reservoir in this embodiment is depicted as a handheld water bottle but could be any such fluid container. A fluid line 13 connects the reservoir to a pod 14. The pod 14 is embodied as a cap that screws onto the water bottle. The pod 14 can combine the pump 15, motor 16 and processor 17 within a single durable, waterproof cap 51for the water bottle. A battery 18 can also be disposed within the pod 14 powers the motor and processor. Alternately, the battery could be disposed within the pod as well. A rotatable fluid line 52 connects the pod to a water distribution device, which in this case can simply be a squirt port 53 that delivers water right to the user through an orifice diameter 54. The system fluid lines could remain pressurized through check valves keeping water ready for immediate delivery. Using an application running on a personal electronic device 22 (e.g., smartphone, smart watch, etc.), the system is completely programmable with the volume, interval and strength of the water delivery. The wireless communication 23 such as Bluetooth can enable the smartphone and pod to communicate with one another. The notification device 25 can be attached to the pod / cap and directs the user when it is time to take a drink. The notification device can be an LED light, a speaker to generate a sound, and / or a vibration device. A drink button 26 can be integrated into the pod / cap and can be pressed by the user to then dispense the fluid for consumption. As can now be understood by those skilled in the art, the teachings of the present invention can be embodied in a variety of shapes and forms for a multitude of uses.

[0171] FIGURE 19 shows a simplified flow chart of the algorithm used in the present invention. The sweat required for body cooling minus the body cooling by radiation, conduction and convection is equal to the sweat rate. After determining the sweat rate, a user can replenish the lost sweat with the fluid dispensed by the present invention. Therefore, the recommended fluid intake rate can be assumed to be the sweat rate.

[0172] It is also understood by those skilled in the art that the algorithm of the present invention can be replaced with a lookup table or other equivalent simplification means. For example, the lookup table could have already incorporated the teachings and equations of the present invention and simplified the output such that complicated computing was no longer necessary to be made on the fly. Rather, certain variables could be cross-referenced on such a lookup table to then determine the frequency and amount of water distribution necessary to achieve a fluid delivery schedule in line with the teachings of the present invention. Accordingly, the present invention is not to be limited to devices having an algorithm but rather to all devices that embody the teaching of this specification.

[0173] FIGURE 20 shows one embodiment of a typical personal electronic device 22 that can be used with the present invention. As shown here, the personal electronic device 22 is a smartphone, but could be a desktop computer, a laptop computer, a hand-held device, a tablet, a smart watch or just about any wearable electronic. It is also understood that the personal electronic device 22 has a touchscreen display such that the user is able to both view information and also make selections displayed therein.

[0174] It is understood by those skilled in the art that the software running on the typical personal electronic device is a computer executable software application that can be written in a wide variety of software languages. The software can be changed over time for improvements when new updates are ready by installing such software updates using the personal electronic device. Furthermore, there is a computer executable firmware that is configured to be executed by the processor of the present invention, the processor being electrically connected to and controlling the electric motor driving the fluid pump. Updates to the firmware are also possible utilizing known means to those skilled in the art such as utilizing the personal electronic device.

[0175] FIGURES 21-64 are screen captures of another embodiment of the software of the present invention which could operate on the personal electronic devices 22 as disclosed herein. The embodiments in FIGS. 21-64 are just one embodiment of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that there are an unlimited number of ways of accomplishing the various features and functions of the software, as this invention disclosed herein is not to be limited to the precise form shown and described.

[0176] FIGURES 21-24 are introductory screens introducing the user to the software of the present invention. These introductory screens are optional and could range from 1 to any number “n” of screens that the inventor feels convey helpful information to the end user.

[0177] FIGURES 25-28 illustrate how the software of the present invention could be set up to work with the hardware of the present invention. FIG. 27 shows that a QR code 60 could be displayed (i.e., printed) on a portion of the hardware that the personal electronic device could read with a camera. Information contained within the QR code would then enable an easy transition to establish a wirelesscommunication link between the hardware and the software. Furthermore, the QR code enables the invention to know what type of system is being implemented, such as whether it is for motorsports, a backpack, or a water bottle embodiment.

[0178] FIGURES 29-31 illustrate how a user could log in to their personal account via a previous account with a third-party vendor or with an email.

[0179] FIGURES 32-36 illustrate how a user could connect the present invention to a third-party health care provider account, such as an Apple Heath account. The present invention could then pull necessary information from this third- party health care provider account.

[0180] FIGURES 37-41 illustrate how a user could enter their physical information into the software of the present invention. The data used could be their sex (FIG. 37), their age or birthdate (FIG. 38), their height (FIG. 39) and their weight (FIG. 40). As taught previously, the present invention could utilize at least one of these inputs to then determine how much water a person would be distributed by the present invention during an activity. Furthermore, FIG. 41 demonstrates that the user could enter in more information such as their performance goal.

[0181] It is understandable that many users may have trouble operating and navigating a new software application the first time. FIGS. 42-49 are examples of help screens that may optionally be displayed at various times. These screens can be displayed in order as shown here, are selectively displayed at various times depending on the need at the time determined by the software of the present invention.

[0182] FIGURE 50 demonstrates an embodiment of a home screen. At the very top, the date and name of the user could be displayed which helps personalize the interaction with the software application. At the very bottom are buttons (from left to right) for the home page button 61 , an activity overview page button 62 and a profile settings page button 63 with the plus sign indicating another button the ability for a user to enter in a new activity with a new activity button 64. In the middle of the screen are various activities already set up by the user that the user can select and adjust.

[0183] FIGURE 51 demonstrates an embodiment of a user’s profile settings. The user can then see the various devices of the present invention or their personal settings which may need adjusting over time.

[0184] FIGURE 52 demonstrates an embodiment of a user’s activity overview. Various former activities could be viewed separately as shown in FIG. 53, or as a total or average as shown in a bar graph in FIG. 52. It is understood by those skilled in the art that there exists an unlimited amount of ways information recorded from the present invention could be displayed to the user.

[0185] FIGURES 54-59 demonstrate an embodiment of how a user could set up a new activity. FIGURE 54 allows the user to select the particular type of activity 65 they are about to engage in. These activities include, but are not limited to, mountain biking, cycling, running, working, rowing, hiking, motorcross, motorsport track, motorsport offroad, walking, motorcycle and ATV use.

[0186] FIGURE 55 allows the user to set the expected average intensity of the activity they are about to engage in using a numeral scale 66. This particular embodiment is on a 1 to 10 scale, but could be smaller or larger as understood by those skilled in the art. Furthermore, to help the user understand how each numeral 1 through 10 relates to a better description of the intensity level, a short-worded description statement 67 could also be provided. For example, FIG. 55 shows that the level 4 is selected which is described as a “slight push but still at a pace where you can speak a few sentences without struggling.” Furthermore, an expected heart rate could also be provided.

[0187] FIGURE 56 demonstrates an embodiment of how the user could set the time duration 68 for the activity. Once entered, FIGS. 57-58 show that the activity has been inputted and then FIG. 59 allows that activity to be selected when the user is about to perform that particular activity.

[0188] FIGURES 60 and 61 demonstrate how the user is able to adjust their fluid delivery schedule by simultaneously adjusting the fluid drink volume range (e.g., 5-25ml) and also the fluid drink frequency range (e.g., 30 seconds to 5 minutes). An adjustment of the fluid drink volume and the fluid drink frequency are tied together because a single adjustment of the fluid delivery schedule changes respectively both the fluid drink volume and the fluid drink frequency to remain within their respective ranges. For example, FIG. 60 shows that during the activity of running, the slider bar 69 is set so that the dosage is 20ml and the time interval between drinks is 1 minute and 12 seconds. In comparison to FIG. 64, FIG. 61 shows that the slider bar has been moved which now corresponds a dosage of 10ml and the time interval betweendrinks is 45 seconds. It is therefore understood that a user is able to adjust via the slider bar or equivalent selection both the fluid drink volume range and the fluid drink frequency range with a simple and quick single selection 69. Despite the user being able to make such selections, it is understood that in some embodiments the total volume rate would not change.

[0189] FIGURE 62 is an embodiment of a screen that could be displayed once an activity was completed. Subsequently, FIG. 63 is an embodiment of a screen asking the user to answer some simple questions (i.e., feedback 70) that could further aid in continued development of the present invention.

[0190] FIGURE 64 is an example of a hydration score being explained to the user. Referring back to FIG. 50, the home screen displays a circle in the upper right corner having an “89%” displayed therein. If a user would click on that, it would bring the user to FIG. 64. A “hydration score” represents how well the user followed the fluid delivery schedule (i.e., hydration protocol) within their particular activity and is displayed as a percentage. It is understood that other ways and methods beyond percentages could be used to represent how well a user followed a particular fluid delivery schedule.

[0191] Referring generally to the present invention, the inventor has taught a novel method of delivering water to the user during an activity in a series of repeated small volume drinks utilizing a fluid delivery apparatus, where the fluid delivery apparatus can be a headset such that the water is delivered in a hands-free manner. Some prior art references have taught intelligent hydration systems and methods that utilize a water bottle having a flow meter. These references use a flow meter because there is no fluid pump that can control the amount of water being distributed. To the contrary, the present invention does not require a flow meter because the amount of water being distributed can be controlled by controlling the amount of time the pump is activated and the voltage being applied to the pump once the flow characteristics of the pump is known. Furthermore, these prior art references compare a target consumption against an actual consumption, which teaches away from the present invention. The prior art references teach that if a user does a sufficient job of drinking a certain flow rate over time, that their invention would not have a need to notify the user to drink more. Likewise, if a user didn’t drink enough water, then the comparison of the actual consumption against the targetconsumption would reveal the deficiency and thus the device could notify the user to drink more water. These types of prior art references are contrary to the present invention. The inventor of the present invention is not notifying the user when a deficiency is measured. Rather, the inventor of the present invention is always notifying the user to drink at the end of each fluid drink frequency regardless of whether they have or have not consumed enough water, as the fluid delivery schedule was determined before the activity started. The present invention is designed to remind the user to consume fluids during the activity in a repeated manner according to a small volume drink schedule as taught herein. None of the prior art references realized this optimum way of keeping a user hydrated during a physical activity and thus none could have foreseen developing the systems and methods of the present invention. For these reasons and many more, the prior art simply failed to teach the applicants invention described herein.

[0192] Furthermore, earlier embodiments of the present invention had essentially three different timers all controllable by the user, the timers being as follows: (1) interval between drinks; (2) length of squirt time (i.e., time of motor running selectable from low to high); and (3) motor strength (i.e., selectable from low to high). The actual volume of the fluid drink was affected by both the time the motor was run and also the strength of the motor. In these earlier embodiments, the smallest drink (short motor run time and low motor strength) would be 1.6 ml. To the contrary, the largest drink (long motor run time and high motor strength) would be 9.4 ml. Too many controllable factors can lead to a negative user experience. Therefore, the inventor simplified the present invention by setting the strength of the motor at which it is operated as a constant. This then results in a flow rate of about 0.8 liters per minute. The inventor has determined that a flow rate between 0.6 to 1 liters per minute is sufficient for most users to comfortably receive in their mouth while performing a physical activity utilizing a 2.85 mm diameter orifice. The orifice size could range between 2.5 to 3.2 mm diameter. The inventor has simplified the use of the present invention by requiring the user to make a single selection to control both the fluid drink frequency and the fluid drink volume as in the present invention the two variables are tied together as part of the fluid delivery schedule.

[0193] Additionally, it will now be understood by this teaching that the actual flow rate delivered to the user at the user’s mouth can be affected by variousattachments to the present invention, length of tubing, variances in manufacturing tolerances and / or environmental factors. To account for such variances, the inventor could implement an optional calibration process. For example, the user could be directed to hold down the drink button down for a duration to fill a volume of one cup (i.e., fluid measuring container), as most people have a one cup measurement device handy in their households. Once one cup of fluid volume was reached, the user would release the drink button. The time it takes to fill the one cup would be measured by the present invention and then allow the present invention to know the exact flow rate being delivered to the user and could adjust the algorithms of the present invention with a simple factor, such as multiplying the needed amount with a calibration factor around 1 , whether it is slightly above or below the number 1 . As can be appreciated by those skilled in the art, a multitude of calibration processes are possible with the structure of the present invention that could improve its accuracy.

[0194] Although several embodiments have been described in detail for purposes of illustration, various modifications may be made to each without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. Accordingly, the invention is not to be limited, except as by the appended claims.

[0195] Numerals:

[0196] 10 personal fluid delivery system

[0197] 11 fluid reservoir

[0198] 12 water

[0199] 13 fluid line

[0200] 14 pod

[0201] 15 pump

[0202] 16 motor

[0203] 17 processor

[0204] 18 battery

[0205] 19 fluid line

[0206] 20 water distribution device

[0207] 20a hand-held dispenser

[0208] 20b headset

[0209] 21 user

[0210] 22 personal electronic device, i.e., smartphone

[0211] 23 wireless communication, i.e., Bluetooth

[0212] 24 housing, pod

[0213] 24a back side, housing, pod

[0214] 24b front side, housing, pod

[0215] 25 notification device

[0216] 26 drink button

[0217] 27 fluid connector

[0218] 28 check valve

[0219] 29 refill line

[0220] 30 backpack

[0221] 31 flexible neck portion, fluid line

[0222] 32 control panel assembly

[0223] 33 electrical wire

[0224] 34 refill button

[0225] 35 power button

[0226] 36 electrical connector, control panel assembly

[0227] 37 electrical wire, battery panel

[0228] 38 electrical split

[0229] 39 battery display panel

[0230] 40 button, battery display panel

[0231] 41 battery charge display

[0232] 42 electrical connector, battery display panel

[0233] 43 fluid connector, reservoir

[0234] 44 fluid connector, pod fluid line

[0235] 45 ring

[0236] 46 hook-and-loop fastening strap

[0237] 47 power source

[0238] 48 microchip

[0239] 49 transmitter

[0240] 50 housing

[0241] 51 cap, water bottle

[0242] 52 rotatable fluid line

[0243] 53 spout

[0244] 54 orifice diameter

[0245] 60 QR code

[0246] 61 home page button

[0247] 62 overview page button

[0248] 63 profile settings page button

[0249] 64 new activity button

[0250] 65 particular type of activity

[0251] 66 numeral scale

[0252] 67 description statement

[0253] 68 time duration

[0254] 69 slider bar, single adjustment

[0255] 70 feedback, questions

Claims

What is claimed is:1 . A method of delivering a fluid to a user during an activity, the method comprising the steps of: providing a fluid reservoir; providing a fluid pump in fluidic communication with the fluid reservoir; providing a fluid delivery apparatus configured to deliver the fluid to the user for consumption, the fluid delivery apparatus in fluidic communication with the fluid pump; providing an electric motor configured to drive the fluid pump; providing a battery configured to provide electrical power to the electric motor; providing a processor electrically connected to and controlling the electric motor driving the fluid pump; determining a sweat rate for the activity and setting the sweat rate equal to a fluid delivery rate for the activity; determining a fluid delivery schedule from the fluid delivery rate; wherein the fluid delivery schedule comprises a fluid drink volume and a fluid drink frequency based on a user’s predicted loss of fluids through sweat during the activity; wherein the fluid drink volume of the fluid is constrained by a fluid drink volume range; wherein the fluid drink frequency of the fluid is constrained by a fluid drink frequency range; providing at least one alert device in electrical communication with the processor, the at least one alert device comprising: a light, a speaker and / or a vibrator; repeatedly notifying the user by the at least one alert device each time the fluid drink frequency has elapsed as controlled by the processor, the fluid drink frequency configured to start over each time it elapses during the activity; providing a drink button operably connected to the processor, the drink button configured to send a drink command to the processor; and wherein, upon activation of the drink button by the user, the processor is configured to turn on the electric motor for a run time configured to deliver the fluiddrink volume and dispense the fluid drink volume for consumption to the user from the fluid reservoir through the fluid delivery apparatus.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fluid drink volume range is at or above 5 milliliters and at or below 25 milliliters.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fluid drink volume range is at or above 5 milliliters and at or below 50 milliliters.

4. The method of claim 2, wherein the fluid drink frequency range is at or above 30 seconds and at or below 5 minutes.

5. The method of claim 2, wherein the fluid drink frequency range is at or above 30 seconds and at or below 10 minutes.

6. The method of claim 2, wherein the fluid drink frequency range is at or above 30 seconds and at or below 4 minutes.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fluid drink volume is not below 5 milliliters and is not above 25 milliliters.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the fluid drink frequency is not below 30 seconds and is not above 5 minutes.

9. The method of claim 1 , including the step of providing a computer executable software configured to be executed on a personal electronic device, the computer executable software configured to be at least in temporary communication with the processor.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the computer executable software includes an algorithm configured to be executed on the personal electronic device.11 . The method of claim 10, via the personal electronic device executing the algorithm, including the step of receiving at least one static variable descriptive of theuser to the algorithm, the at least one static variable descriptive of the user comprising: weight, height, age or sex.

12. The method of claim 11 , via the personal electronic device executing the algorithm, including the step of receiving at least one static variable descriptive of the activity to the algorithm, the at least one static variable descriptive of the activity comprising: activity difficulty, distance traversed, elevation traversed or activity description.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein via the algorithm, the step of determining the sweat rate is based at least in part on the at least one static variable descriptive of the user and the at least one static variable descriptive of the activity.

14. The method of claim 13, including the step of receiving, by the processor, the fluid delivery schedule from the personal electronic device.

15. The method of claim 14, including the step of allowing the user, via the personal electronic device, to adjust the fluid delivery schedule between the fluid drink volume range and the fluid drink frequency range.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein an adjustment of the fluid drink volume and the fluid drink frequency are tied together, wherein a single adjustment of the fluid delivery schedule changes respectively both the fluid drink volume and the fluid drink frequency to remain within their respective ranges wherein the fluid delivery rate for the activity does not change.

17. The method of claim 14, including the step of, via the personal electronic device, determining and inputting at least one static variable descriptive of the environment to the algorithm for determining the sweat rate, the at least one static variable descriptive of the environment comprising: ambient temperature, relative humidity, elevation, solar radiation load, windspeed, wet bulb temperature.

18. The method of claim 14, including the step of, via the personal electronic device executing the algorithm, receiving at least one static variable descriptive of a micro-climate to the algorithm for determining the sweat rate, the at least one static variable descriptive of the micro-climate comprising: a clothing, a vehicle enclosure, a welding suit, a chemical protection suit and / or an elevated temperature environment.

19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sweat rate is equal to a sweat required for body cooling minus a body cooling by radiation, conduction and convection.

20. The method of claim 1 , including the step of preventing the user from dispensing the fluid drink volume outside the fluid delivery schedule.21 . The method of claim 1 , including the step of allowing the user to dispense the fluid drink volume outside the fluid delivery schedule and not adjusting the fluid delivery schedule.

22. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of determining a fluid delivery schedule from the fluid delivery rate includes adding a buffer amount configured to account for a user’s dehydration at a start of the activity.

23. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sweat rate determined by the algorithm does not consider a dynamic heart rate measurement of the user during the activity.

24. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sweat rate determined by the algorithm does not consider a dynamic sweat rate measurement of the user during the activity.

25. The method of claim 14, including the step of calculating, via the personal electronic device, a fluid delivery schedule adherence score based upon how closely the user followed the fluid delivery schedule.

26. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method of delivering the fluid to the user during the activity does not include utilization of a flow meter.

27. The method of claim 14, wherein the algorithm determines the sweat rate before the activity takes place, wherein the sweat rate is a predictive sweat rate.

28. The method of claim 1, wherein the activity does not include sedentary behavior, sedentary behavior having a heart rate below 90 beats per minute.

29. The method of claim 1, wherein the fluid delivery apparatus includes a headset configured to be worn by the user, the headset comprising a fluid spout having an orifice diameter located in front of a user’s mouth, wherein upon activation of the drink button by the user dispensing the fluid drink volume for consumption to the user from the fluid spout.

30. The method of claim 29, wherein a flow rate out of the fluid spout of the fluid pump driven by the electric motor is at a minimum of 0.6 liters per minute to a maximum of 1 liters per minutes.31 . The method of claim 29, wherein the orifice diameter of the fluid spout is at a minimum of 2.5 mm to a maximum of 3.2 mm.

32. The method of claim 1 , including a refill button electronically connected to the processor, the refill button configured to operate the electric motor in reverse in comparison to the drink button, the refill button enabling the fluid reservoir to be filled through the fluid delivery apparatus.

33. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fluid reservoir, the fluid pump, the electric motor, the battery, the processor, the at least one alert device and the drink button are all integrated and / or contained within a backpack configured to be worn by the user.

34. The method of claim 9, including the step of calibrating the electric motor, the electric pump and the fluid delivery apparatus to provide the fluid drink volume, the step of calibrating comprising, via the personal electronic device, directing the user to hold the drink button until a predetermined volume of fluid was filled from the fluid delivery apparatus into a measuring container, measuring the amount of time required to reach the predetermined volume of fluid, calculating an actual flow rate,and utilizing the actual flow rate to determine the run time of the electric motor to provide the fluid drink volume.

35. A method of delivering a fluid to a user during an activity, the method comprising the steps of: providing a fluid reservoir; providing a fluid pump in fluidic communication with the fluid reservoir; providing a fluid delivery apparatus configured to deliver the fluid to the user for consumption, the fluid delivery apparatus in fluidic communication with the fluid pump; providing an electric motor configured to drive the fluid pump; providing a battery configured to provide electrical power to the electric motor; providing a processor electrically connected to and controlling the electric motor driving the fluid pump; providing a computer executable software configured to be executed on a personal electronic device, the computer executable software configured to be at least in temporary communication with the processor; wherein the computer executable software includes an algorithm configured to be executed on the personal electronic device; via the personal electronic device executing the algorithm, receiving at least one static variable descriptive of the user to the algorithm, the at least one static variable descriptive of the user comprising: weight, height, age or sex; via the personal electronic device executing the algorithm, receiving at least one static variable descriptive of the activity to the algorithm, the at least one static variable descriptive of the activity comprising: activity difficulty, distance traversed, elevation traversed or activity description; via the algorithm, determining a sweat rate based on the at least one static variable descriptive of the user and the at least one static variable descriptive of the activity; setting the sweat rate equal to a fluid delivery rate for the activity; via the algorithm, determining a fluid delivery schedule from the fluid delivery rate;wherein the fluid delivery schedule comprises a fluid drink volume and a fluid drink frequency based on a user’s predicted loss of fluids through sweat during the activity; wherein the fluid drink volume of the fluid is constrained by a fluid drink volume range, wherein the fluid drink volume range is at or above 5 milliliters and at or below 25 milliliters; wherein the fluid drink frequency of the fluid is constrained by a fluid drink frequency range, wherein the fluid drink frequency range is at or above 30 seconds and at or below 5 minutes; receiving, by the processor, the fluid delivery schedule from the personal electronic device; providing at least one alert device electronically connected to the processor, the at least one alert device comprising: a light, a speaker and / or a vibrator; repeatedly notifying the user by the at least one alert device each time the fluid drink frequency has elapsed as controlled by the processor, the fluid drink frequency configured to start over each time it elapses during the activity; providing a drink button operably connected to the processor, the drink button configured to send a drink command to the processor; and wherein, upon activation of the drink button by the user, the processor is configured to turn on the electric motor for a run time configured to deliver the fluid drink volume and dispense the fluid drink volume for consumption to the user from the fluid reservoir through the fluid delivery apparatus.

36. A method of delivering a fluid to a user during an activity, the method comprising the steps of: providing a fluid reservoir; providing a fluid pump in fluidic communication with the fluid reservoir; providing a fluid delivery apparatus configured to deliver the fluid to the user for consumption, the fluid delivery apparatus in fluidic communication with the fluid pump; providing an electric motor configured to drive the fluid pump; providing a battery configured to provide electrical power to the electric motor; providing a processor electrically connected to and controlling the electric motor driving the fluid pump;determining a fluid delivery schedule, wherein the fluid delivery schedule comprises a fluid drink volume and a fluid drink frequency based on a user’s predicted loss of fluids through sweat during the activity; providing at least one alert device in electrical communication with the processor, the at least one alert device comprising: a light, a speaker and / or a vibrator; repeatedly notifying the user by the at least one alert device each time the fluid drink frequency has elapsed as controlled by the processor, the fluid drink frequency configured to start over each time it elapses during the activity; providing a drink button operably connected to the processor, the drink button configured to send a drink command to the processor; and wherein, upon activation of the drink button by the user, the processor is configured to turn on the electric motor for a run time configured to deliver the fluid drink volume and dispense the fluid drink volume for consumption to the user from the fluid reservoir through the fluid delivery apparatus.

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