Hot HF component with an HF cavity
The HF component with an internal channel for heat transfer fluid flow addresses the non-uniform cooling issue in hot HF components, enhancing cooling efficiency and structural stability.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- FR2020005239
- Authority / Receiving Office
- FR · FR
- Patent Type
- Patents
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2020-05-20
- Publication Date
- 2026-01-16
- Estimated Expiration
- 2040-05-20
AI Technical Summary
Existing cooling methods for hot HF components in particle accelerators and similar devices fail to provide homogeneous cooling, particularly in areas with internal protrusions like irises or beaks, leading to hot spots and mechanical stress due to non-uniform heat distribution.
Designing an HF component with an internal channel following the contour of its internal surface to facilitate heat transfer fluid flow, ensuring close proximity to the cavity surface for improved cooling.
Enhances cooling efficiency by allowing uniform heat dissipation across the HF component surface, reducing hot spots and mechanical stress, thereby maintaining structural integrity and performance.
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Abstract
Description
Title of the invention: Hot HF component equipped with an HF cavity
[0001]
[0002] The invention relates to a hot microwave or HF component equipped with a microwave or HF cavity. A hot HF component is understood to be a component whose conductive materials operate in a normal resistivity regime (as opposed to the superconducting regime) or, in other words, a non-superconducting HF component.
[0003] The invention applies in particular to HF components of particle accelerators. It also applies to any other hot HF component equipped with an HF cavity, such as circulators, magic tees and loads.
[0004] Linear particle accelerators use a high-frequency (HF) electromagnetic field to accelerate particles. These accelerators work with all types of charged particles but share the common requirement of supplying the accelerating structures with very high microwave power, generally from an electron tube such as a klystron or a magnetron.
[0005] The main limitation of hot HF components is the management of the thermal dissipation of the power that the HF wave deposits by Joule effect in the accelerating structures.
[0006] The strong magnetic field at the surface of the cavities in the structure of the hot HF components generates a significant energy deposition. The resulting heating has a disruptive effect: due to the expansion of the metal, the resonant frequency of the cavity decreases, and a destructive effect: if the heating is too intense, it can lead to surface deterioration.
[0007] In addition, the resistivity of the material increases with temperature, so the hotter the surface of the accelerating structure, the more energy is dissipated in the form of Joule effect, and the more the surface heats up.
[0008] Currently, in order to limit this heating, accelerating structures are traversed by channels or pipes through which the cooling liquid is circulated. This solution involves numerous machining operations and does not allow for homogeneous cooling of the HF surfaces of the accelerating structure, particularly the deep areas forming internal protrusions such as irises or beaks.
[0009] Figures 1 and 2 schematically represent an external view and a cross-sectional view of such an embodiment.
[0010] Figure 1 schematically represents a hot HF component 1 comprising a plurality of linear and rectilinear channels 2 arranged around the periphery of the envelope 3 of a cavity 4. The envelope 3 includes internal protrusions 5. A ca- The carrier flows through channels 2 and dissipates energy through Joule effect in the hot HF component 1.
[0011] Fig. 2 schematically represents, in cross-sectional view, such a channel 2 in a hot HF component 1.
[0012] Fig. 3 represents an embodiment in which the internal outgrowths 5 are irises, i.e. outgrowths which narrow at their end.
[0013] Fig. 4 represents an embodiment in which the internal protrusions 5 are beaks, i.e. protrusions which narrow and then widen at their end.
[0014] These solutions do not allow for cooling close to the cavity surface, the very area where heating is generated. The cavity irises or nozzles, in particular, and their associated walls, which can be thin depending on the type of inter-cavity HF coupling, are located far from the cooling channels. This creates hot spots in the structure, promoting frequency detuning and the development of mechanical stresses.
[0015] One object of the invention is to overcome the problems mentioned above, and in particular to improve the cooling of an HF component.
[0016] Also, according to one aspect of the invention, a hot HF component is proposed, having an HF cavity delimited by a shell comprising at least one internal protrusion, said shell comprising at least one internal channel following the contour of its internal surface to allow the flow of a heat transfer fluid intended to evacuate heat energy from the cavity.
[0017] Such a component according to the invention allows cooling as close as possible to the entire HF surface, allowing much better cooling of the HF component.
[0018] In one embodiment, the internal channel is flush with the internal surface of the envelope.
[0019] Thus, the cooling of the cavity is improved.
[0020] According to one embodiment, an internal outgrowth is a beak or an iris.
[0021] The present invention is applicable to any type of outgrowth.
[0022] In one embodiment, the external part of the portions of the internal channel outside the internal outgrowths comprises an external hood layer.
[0023] Such an embodiment overcomes potential manufacturing difficulties depending on the chosen geometry by separating the functions.
[0024] The invention will be better understood upon examination of some embodiments described by way of non-limiting examples and illustrated by the accompanying drawing in which:
[0025] [Fig. 1] schematically illustrates a hot HF component equipped with an HF cavity, according to the state of the art;
[0026] [Fig.2] schematically illustrates a hot HF component equipped with an HF cavity, in cross-sectional view, according to the state of the art;
[0027] [Fig.3] schematically illustrates a hot HF component equipped with an HF cavity, in cross-sectional view, with internal iris-shaped protrusions, according to the state of the art;
[0028] [Fig.4] schematically illustrates a hot HF component equipped with an HF cavity, in cross-sectional view, with internal beak-shaped protrusions, according to the state of the art;
[0029] [Fig. 5] schematically illustrates a hot HF component equipped with an HF cavity, in cross-sectional view, according to one aspect of the invention; and
[0030] [Fig.6] schematically illustrates a hot HF component equipped with an HF cavity, in cross-sectional view, according to another aspect of the invention.
[0031] Across all figures, elements with identical references are similar.
[0032] Figure 5 illustrates, according to one aspect of the invention, a hot HF component 1 provided with an HF cavity 4 delimited by a shell 3 comprising at least one internal protrusion 5. The shell 3 includes at least one internal channel 6 following the contour of its internal surface 7 to allow the flow of a heat transfer fluid intended to evacuate heat energy from the cavity 4.
[0033] The internal channel 6 is flush with the internal surface 7 of the envelope 3.
[0034] The term "internal channel 6 flush with the internal surface 7 of the envelope 3" refers to the fact that a portion of the wall of the internal channel 6 forms part of the internal surface 7 of the protrusion. Its thickness is configured to withstand the mechanical stresses it must bear.
[0035] An internal outgrowth 5 may be a beak, or an iris.
[0036] Figure 6 illustrates, according to one aspect of the invention, a hot HF component 1 having an HF cavity 4 delimited by a shell 3 comprising at least one internal protrusion 5. The shell 3 includes at least one internal channel 6 following the contour of its internal surface 7 to allow the flow of a heat transfer fluid intended to remove heat energy from the cavity 4. The external part of the portions of the channel 6 outside the internal protrusions 5 includes an external hood layer 8.
[0037] The present invention makes it possible to cool as close as possible to the surface of the cavity, thus making it possible to significantly improve the cooling of the hottest areas.
Claims
Demands
1. Hot HF component (1) having a plurality of HF cavities (4) delimited by a shell (3) comprising at least one internal protrusion (5), said shell comprising at least one internal channel (6) following the contour of its internal surface (7) to allow the flow of a heat transfer fluid intended to remove heat energy from the cavity (4).
2. Hot HF component (1) according to claim 1, wherein an internal channel (6) is flush with the internal surface (7) of the envelope (3).
3. Hot HF component (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein an internal protrusion (5) is a beak or an iris.
4. Hot HF component (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the external part of the portions of the internal channel (6) outside the internal protrusions (5) comprises an external hood layer (8).