DEVICE FOR FORCING DOORS, WINDOWS AND OTHER OPENINGS

Abstract

DEVICE FOR FORCING DOORS, WINDOWS AND OTHER OPENINGS The invention relates to a device (D) for forcing doors, windows and other openings, having an opening part (P) and a fixed frame (H), comprising two sliding sleeves (110, 120) to be able to adapt to the width of the fixed frame (H) on which it is installed, with recessed wedges (112, 122), a first cylinder (200) performing the motorized movement of the sliding sleeves (110, 120) and therefore from one corner to the other, and subjecting the frame (H) to a constraint at the level of the supports between said wedges (112, 122) and the frame (H), the starting point of its stroke being defined by a first manual sliding between the two sleeves (110) 120). The device is remarkable in that the first cylinder (200) is a multi-stage or tandem type cylinder. Figure for the abbreviation: Fig. 1

Description

Title of the invention: DEVICE FOR FORCEDLY OPENING DOORS, WINDOWS AND OTHER OPENINGS

[0001] FIELD OF APPLICATION OF THE INVENTION

[0002] The invention relates to a device for forcibly opening doors, windows and other openings and in particular to adaptations enabling this opening to be carried out under the best conditions.

[0003] DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART

[0004] There are a plurality of devices for forcibly opening openings such as those described in documents EP0271207, US4762304, GB2236803, NL9200881, EP0750222.

[0005] Among these documents, document WO2004069340 filed by the applicant describes a device for forcibly opening an opening having an opening part and a fixed frame, such as a door or a window, said device comprising at least:

[0006] - a lengthwise extendable frame formed of two or more sliding parts to be able to adapt to the width of the opening,

[0007] - a driving wedge intended to be placed between the frame and the opening part,

[0008] -a spacer cylinder to allow the wedge to penetrate between the chassis and the opening part in order to forcefully open the opening, and

[0009] - a thrust cylinder placed substantially perpendicular to the frame, the cylinders being remotely operable using at least one remote control.

[0010] This device was remarkable in that the thrust cylinder was a continuous thrust, repetitive action percussion cylinder of the reciprocating type.

[0011] The remote control allowed the door to be moved away from the door when it was opened. Another feature of this device was that it allowed the parts constituting the extendable frame to be moved manually beforehand to allow for an initial installation that did not require any energy. This sliding was accompanied by a ratchet system that locked the sliding parts of the frame in position before powering the spacer cylinder. Such a system avoided the use of a spacer cylinder with too great a stroke and reduced the amount of energy required.

[0012] This device used pneumatic energy which made it more easily exploitable by using portable compressed air tanks which are likely to already be used by people who can use such a device (firefighters, intervention force, etc.).

[0013] Such a device nevertheless had several drawbacks, including:

[0014] - it could not be used for opening leaves positioned or opening from the accessible side for intervention since the device operated by jack extension and the corners were not oriented in the right direction,

[0015] - the pneumatic energy supply required a complex installation,

[0016] - the power of the spreader cylinder had limits,

[0017] - the rigidity of the frame could be optimized,

[0018] - the thrust cylinder had a significant bulk which made it difficult to put into operation place.

[0019] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0020] Thus, the exploitation and analysis, in particular of the costs of the configurations described in the prior art, led the applicants to carry out research to propose a plurality of improvements leading to the invention, the subject of the present application.

[0021] According to the invention, the device for forcibly opening doors, windows and other openings, having an opening part and a fixed frame, comprises:

[0022] - a lengthwise extendable frame having two ends and formed of at least two sliding sleeves, an inner sleeve and an outer sleeve allowing the said ends to be moved apart or brought together, in order to be able to adapt to the width of the fixed chassis on which it is installed,

[0023] - at least one driving wedge at each end of the frame intended to take support on the chassis, said corners being likely to move closer or further apart due to sliding,

[0024] - a first cylinder carrying out the motorized movement of the sliding sleeves and therefore from one corner relative to the other, and subjecting the chassis to a stress at the level of the supports between said corners and the chassis, said first jack having a body housed in one of the sliding sleeves and a free end of rod cooperating punctually with the other sleeve, the starting point of its stroke being defined by a first manual sliding between the two sleeves.

[0025] According to the invention, the first cylinder is a multi-stage or tandem type cylinder.

[0026] The use of such technology makes it possible to multiply the power of this actuator with an unchanged pneumatic power source. The multiplication of this power makes it possible to use the first cylinder more often as a means of force opening without necessarily using the thrust cylinder described below.

[0027] According to another particularly advantageous characteristic of the invention, the body of said first jack is tubular divided into at least two chambers in each of which a piston moves,

[0028] the pistons being connected to each other by means of rods,

[0029] one of the ends of one of the rods coming out of said body and constituting said free end,

[0030] the rooms being separated from each other by means of intermediate landings, each chamber being equipped with an air inlet and an air outlet, the air inlets being connected together, the air outlets being connected together.

[0031] According to another particularly advantageous characteristic of the invention, the device is remarkable in that it comprises

[0032] a locking member selectively locking the longitudinal translation to lock the two sliding sleeves between them before controlling the extension of said first cylinder to exert a thrust force between the chassis and the opening part after a manual extension and / or retraction.

[0033] This feature is particularly advantageous in that it provides a force opening device which can be used for opening opening parts positioned or opening on the side opposite to that accessible for intervention.

[0034] Activation of the first cylinder most of the time allows direct opening of the opening part.

[0035] Nevertheless, according to another particularly advantageous characteristic, the device further comprises a second thrust cylinder placed substantially perpendicular to the frame and bearing on the latter to push against the opening part.

[0036] The extension of the first cylinder will thus allow either the direct opening of the opening part or the creation of a support point for the subsequent use of the thrust cylinder when the extension of the first cylinder has not caused the opening.

[0037] Corners are positioned at both ends of the frame to fit between the opening part and the chassis.

[0038] According to another particularly advantageous characteristic of the invention, the jack(s) can be operated remotely using a remote control.

[0039] According to another feature, the controls of at least one jack are available on the frame. This feature allows the device to be controlled without moving away from the door when this is not necessary.

[0040] A difficulty in implementing this design lies in the ability to achieve the locking of the sliding parts before extension of the first cylinder and the release of said sliding parts during manual retraction to define the starting point of the motorized stroke.

[0041] According to another particularly advantageous characteristic of the invention, said locking member or ratchet member comprises

[0042] at least one longitudinal rack arranged on the internal surface of the outer sheath and provided with locking notches,

[0043] a ratchet articulated relative to a plate fixed to the free end of the rod of the first jack and cooperating with the rack to be engaged or not with said notches, and

[0044] a ratchet return spring,

[0045] said ratchet and the notches being preformed to provide a fulcrum when extending the cylinder and a retaining point when withdrawing the cylinder.

[0046] According to a preferred but non-limiting embodiment, the locking member comprises two racks arranged in opposition, each cooperating with a pawl.

[0047] According to a preferred but non-limiting embodiment, the notches adopt a profile with on one side a flat surface perpendicular to the axis of movement serving as a support and retention surface for the ratchet lever, and on the other side an inclined flat surface allowing the retained sliding of the lever.

[0048] According to another particularly advantageous characteristic of the invention, the tilting of said pawl from one side to the other for the purpose of blocking sliding in one direction and allowing sliding in another, is defined, accompanied and maintained by the longitudinal flexion of said return spring arranged orthogonally to the axis of rotation of the pawl.

[0049] According to a preferred but non-limiting embodiment, said spring is a coil spring.

[0050] According to a preferred but non-limiting embodiment, said spring is a helical coil spring connected to the two pawls.

[0051] According to another particularly advantageous characteristic of the invention, the inner and outer sleeves adopt an oblong or oval profile which contributes to better solidity and facilitates the integration of the rack(s).

[0052] According to another particularly advantageous characteristic of the invention, said corners are detachable at the ends of the frame with a dovetail connection between the frame and the corner, which makes it possible to reduce the size of the device when it is not in use, to change the orientation of the corners or to change them.

[0053] According to another particularly advantageous characteristic of the invention, the corners can be installed or preformed at the end of extensions which are fixed in a detachable manner to the end of one or both sheaths.

[0054] According to another particularly advantageous characteristic of the invention, the thrust cylinder is a bellows cylinder provided with internal return springs in order to define a less bulky retracted starting position facilitating the installation of the device while retaining the possibility of a significant stroke.

[0055] According to another particularly advantageous characteristic of the invention, the thrust cylinder is connected to the outer surface of the outer sleeve by means of a sliding connection implemented by a rib and a groove adopting a T-shaped profile. Such a profile improves this connection.

[0056] According to another particularly advantageous characteristic of the invention, the The interior volume of said bellows cylinder is partially occupied by a foam-type plastic material so that the volume of air required to set it in motion is less than that required if the interior volume were completely free. This feature saves the air required to operate the device.

[0057] According to another particularly advantageous characteristic of the invention, a new design of the pneumatic supply part allows a reduction in the number of components and therefore simpler operation and less expensive installation.

[0058] According to another particularly advantageous characteristic of the invention, the device is remarkable in that it comprises

[0059] a locking member selectively locking the longitudinal translation for

[0060] - on the one hand, locking the two sliding sleeves between them before controlling extending said first cylinder to exert a thrust force between the frame and the opening part after manual extension and / or retraction, and

[0061] - on the other hand, block the two sliding sheaths between them before ordering the retraction of said first cylinder to exert a clamping force between the frame and the opening part after manual extension and / or retraction.

[0062] This characteristic is particularly advantageous in that it provides a force opening device which can be used both for opening opening parts positioned or opening on the side opposite to that accessible for intervention (which was already known) and for opening opening parts positioned or opening on the side accessible for intervention, which is innovative.

[0063] Indeed, in the first situation, the extension of the first cylinder will allow either the direct opening of the opening part or the creation of a support point for the subsequent use of the thrust cylinder. In the second situation, it is the retraction of the first cylinder which will create the clamping stress leading to the opening of the opening part.

[0064] In both situations, corners are positioned to be inserted between the opening part and the frame but they are not positioned or oriented in the same way to best exploit their capacity to separate the surfaces between which they are inserted (or their capacity to bear on said surfaces). These may also be different corners.

[0065] The combination of these two functionalities in a single force opening device is particularly innovative.

[0066] A difficulty in implementing this design lies in the ability to achieve the locking of the sliding parts before extension or retraction of the first cylinder and the release of said sliding parts during manual extension and / or retraction to define the starting point of the motorized stroke.

[0067] According to another particularly advantageous characteristic of the invention, said blocking member comprises

[0068] at least one longitudinal rack arranged on the internal surface of the outer sheath and provided with locking notches,

[0069] a ratchet articulated relative to a plate fixed to the free end of the rod of the first jack and cooperating with the rack to be engaged or not with said notches, and

[0070] a ratchet return spring,

[0071] said ratchet and the notches being preformed to operate in both directions and provide a fulcrum when extending the cylinder and a retaining point when retracting the cylinder.

[0072] According to another particularly advantageous characteristic of the invention, the notches are formed by transverse grooves made in the rack and having a profile with rack bearing surfaces on their two edges,

[0073] the ratchet is a lever having lever bearing surfaces arranged on either side of an axis of rotation to tilt to one side or the other so that the rack and lever bearing surfaces come into contact to retain the movement depending on which direction the ratchet is to operate.

[0074] According to a preferred but non-limiting embodiment, the notches have a symmetrical shape and offer a support and retaining surface on their two sides.

[0075] According to a preferred but non-limiting embodiment, the lever has a symmetrical shape. It is the lever of the ratchet which adopts successions of surfaces which will allow, depending on the orientation of the lever, sliding or blocking in one direction or another.

[0076] According to a preferred but non-limiting embodiment, the locking member comprises two racks arranged in opposition, each cooperating with a pawl.

[0077] According to another particularly advantageous characteristic of the invention, the tilting of said pawl from one side to the other for the purpose of blocking or allowing sliding in one direction or another, is defined, accompanied and maintained by the longitudinal flexion of a spring arranged orthogonally to the axis of rotation of the pawl.

[0078] According to another particularly advantageous characteristic of the invention, said pawl is equipped with a rotation shaft to which said spring is connected, the flexural deformation of the spring ensuring the pivoting of the shaft and therefore of the pawl.

[0079] According to another particularly advantageous characteristic of the invention, the spring is placed under stress and its bending is oriented by its contact with stops secured to the outer sheath or the inner sheath.

[0080] According to a preferred but non-limiting embodiment, said spring is a coil spring.

[0081] According to a preferred but non-limiting embodiment, said spring is a helical coil spring connected to the two ratchet rotation shafts so that the flexural deformation in one direction or another of said spring orients said shafts.

[0082] The fundamental concepts of the invention having just been set out above in their most elementary form, other details and characteristics will emerge more clearly on reading the description which follows and with reference to the appended drawings, giving by way of non-limiting examples, embodiments of a device in accordance with the invention. Brief description of the drawings

[0083] [Fig-1] is a schematic drawing of a top view of an embodiment of a device according to the invention in the retracted position;

[0084] [Fig.2] is a schematic drawing of a front view of the device of [Fig.l];

[0085] [Fig.3] is a schematic drawing of a top view of the device of [Fig.l] in deployed position;

[0086] [Fig.4] is a schematic drawing of a front view of the device of [Fig.l] in deployed position,

[0087] Figures [Fig.5], [Fig.6], [Fig.7], [Fig.8] illustrate the use of the device;

[0088] [Fig.9] is a schematic drawing of a partial sectional view illustrating the organ of lock locking the two sliding sheaths of the body in position;

[0089] [Fig. 10] is a schematic drawing of a partial sectional view illustrating the locking member in the rest position;

[0090] [Fig. 11] and [Fig. 12] are schematic drawings of partial top and side views of a corner of the device;

[0091] [Fig. 13] and [Fig. 14] are schematic drawings of sectional top views of the second thrust cylinder respectively in the rest position and in the deployed position.

[0092] [Fig. 15] is a schematic drawing of a partial side view in cross section of the device of [Fig.l];

[0093] [Fig. 16], is a pneumatic diagram illustrating an embodiment of a power supply module of the device of [Fig.l];

[0094] [Fig. 17] is a schematic drawing of a longitudinal sectional view of the first cylinder;

[0095] [Fig. 18] is a schematic drawing of a top view of a second embodiment of a device according to the invention in the retracted position;

[0096] [Fig. 19] is a schematic drawing of a front view of the device of [Fig. 18];

[0097] [Fig.20] is a schematic drawing of a sectional view of a resting position of the pawl;

[0098] [Fig.21] is a schematic drawing of the deformation of the pawl orientation spring towards a position providing support for an extension of the jack;

[0099] [Fig.22] is a schematic drawing of the orientation of the pawl providing support to an extension of the jack resulting from the deformation illustrated by [Fig.21];

[0100] [Fig.23] is a schematic drawing of the deformation of the pawl orientation spring towards a position providing support for a retraction of the jack;

[0101] [Fig.24] is a schematic drawing of the orientation of the pawl providing support for a retraction of the jack resulting from the deformation illustrated by [Fig.23];

[0102] [Fig.25] is a detail view of the ratchet member of [Fig.20];

[0103] [Fig.26] is a side view of the ratchet member of [Fig.25];

[0104] [Fig.27] is a top view of a removable extension.

[0105] DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0106] As illustrated by Figures 1 to 4, the force opening device referenced D as a whole comprises a lengthwise extendable frame 100 having two sleeves 110 and 120 sliding one inside the other according to the double arrow F1 allowing the separation or the bringing together of their free end 111 and 121, to be able to adapt to the width of the frame or fixed door frame H on which it is installed. The outer sleeve 110 is of larger dimensions to accommodate the inner sleeve 120. The outer surface of the outer sleeve 110 is equipped with a handle 113. The outer surface of the inner sleeve 120 is equipped with a second handle 123 coming at the same height as the handle 113. Said sleeves are according to a preferred embodiment, made of titanium. A lubricant optimized for the titanium parts in contact is used to facilitate the sliding of one sheath relative to the other.

[0107] Each end 111 and 121 is equipped with a driving wedge 112 and 122. These wedges are inserted between the fixed frame H and the opening part P during a first manual deployment as illustrated by figures 5 and 6.

[0108] As illustrated by [Fig. 17] and in accordance with the invention, a multi-stage or tandem type cylinder 200 carries out the motorized movement of the two sliding sleeves 110 and 120 and therefore of one corner 112 relative to the other 122.

[0109] This motorized movement subjects the frame H and the opening part P to a constraint. As illustrated, this multi-stage cylinder 200 has its body 210 housed in the inner sleeve 120 (see figures 9 and 10) and the free end 221 of the rod 220 of this cylinder 200 cooperates punctually by means of a ratchet member with the hollow core of the outer sleeve 110.

[0110] As illustrated, this cylinder 200 has three stages, i.e. three pistons 230. It is therefore tubular divided into three chambers 240 in each of which a piston 230 moves. The pistons 230 are connected to each other by means of rods 220, one of the ends of one of the rods 220 coming out of said body 210 and constituting said free end 221.

[0111] The chambers 240 are separated from each other by means of intermediate bearings 250. Each chamber 240 is equipped with an air inlet 241 and an air outlet 242, the air inlets being connected together, the air outlets being connected together.

[0112] Each rod 220 is preformed with a threaded rear portion so as to ensure the positioning and fixing of a piston 230.

[0113] As illustrated, it is the bearings 250 which are preformed to provide an air outlet for a first chamber and an air inlet for the adjacent chamber.

[0114] According to the illustrated embodiment, these air inlets and outlets communicate with the exterior of the cylinder body by means of orifices 211 made in the body 210. The air inlets 214 and outlets 242 made in the bearings 250 are positioned to be placed in correspondence with said orifices 211. Screwable pneumatic connections (not illustrated) ensure the passage of air and the fixing of said bearings 250 to the body 210.

[0115] According to another embodiment not illustrated, the entry of air into the chambers is ensured by a passage made in the rods 220.

[0116] The starting point of its stroke, that is to say the position from which the jack 200 rests on the sleeve 110 to cause its rod 220 to extend, is defined by a first manual sliding between the two sliding sleeves 110 and 120. This first sliding carried out by the user stops once the two ends 111 and 121 are resting on the frame H.

[0117] This first manual sliding between the two sliding sleeves 110 and 120 is accompanied by a ratchet member illustrated in Figures 9 and 10. The ratchet allows the extension of the device D but prevents retraction. To this end, it locks in position in the hollow core of the outer sleeve 110, the end 221 of the rod 220 of the jack 200 so as to give a fixed point at the start of the motorized movement of the inner sleeve 120 relative to the outer sleeve 110.

[0118] As illustrated by [Fig.9], the ratchet member comprises a pair of levers 310 each cooperating with a longitudinal rack 320 arranged on the inner surface of the outer sheath 110 and provided with locking notches 321. Each rack 320 is arranged on the path of movement of the lever with which it cooperates. Each lever 310 is pivotally mounted at a first end 311 and has its second end 312 inserted into the notches 321 according to the arrow F3. A spring 330 connecting the two levers 310 at their first end exerts a constraint to keep the end 312 in contact with the rack 320.

[0119] Each lever 310 is pivotally mounted on a shaft 313 secured to a common plate 314 fixed to the end 221 of the rod 220 of the jack 200.

[0120] Thus, when manually extending the device according to arrow F2, the ratchet member allows the sheath 120 (with the jack housed inside) to slide outwards but prevents it from returning backwards and thus creates a support point for the action of the jack 200.

[0121] As illustrated by [Fig. 10], the ratchet member can be disengaged. For this, the cylinder 200 must be in the retracted position and the rod 220 retracted so that the first ends 311 come into contact with the body of the cylinder 200. Due to the orientation of the surfaces then coming into contact, the levers 310 pivot according to the arrow F4, opposing the tensile force of the spring 330. The ends 312 of the levers 310 are then no longer engaged in the notches 321, the inner sleeve 320 can then slide towards the inside of the outer sleeve so as to retract the device D.

[0122] As illustrated in Figures 1 to 4 and in more detail in Figures 13 and 14, a bellows cylinder 400 produces, if necessary, a thrust force symbolized by the arrow F5 against the opening part P (see Figures 5 to 8) along an axis perpendicular to the sliding axis of the sleeves 110 and 120.

[0123] As illustrated, this bellows cylinder 400 has in its inner core springs 410 which, due to the traction they apply, make it less bulky in the rest position. This smaller size allows it to slide smoothly between the outer sleeve 110 and the opening part P of the door when the device is put into position. On one of the faces of said cylinder is preformed a T-shaped groove 420 for the purpose of securing to the outer sleeve 110. This T-shaped groove provides good retention while allowing a sliding movement allowing a certain freedom in the positioning of the thrust cylinder 400 relative to the outer sleeve 110. According to another characteristic, the interior volume of said bellows cylinder 400 is partially occupied by a foam-type plastic material (not illustrated) thus avoiding excessive air consumption.

[0124] The geometry of the driving wedges 112 and 122 is illustrated by Figures 11 and 12. The wedges 112 and 122 adopt an identical profile and only the wedge 122 secured to the inner sheath 120 is illustrated. This profile is triangular so as to allow the penetration of said wedges between the frame H and the opening part P and to increase the stress on these elements during the extension of the first cylinder 200 for the purposes of opening or creating a support point for the force of the second cylinder 400. As illustrated by [Fig. 12], each driving wedge is broken down into two half-wedges spaced apart from each other in order to widen the action surface.

[0125] Furthermore, as illustrated by figures 1 to 4, the space between the two half corners is occupied at the end of each sheath which they equip with a groove at the tail. dovetail joint allowing the reception of an extension R (illustrated by [Fig.27]) for the purpose of extending the length of the device D.

[0126] According to an embodiment not illustrated, said corners are detachable.

[0127] According to an embodiment not illustrated, the corners are covered or protected by a layer of material reducing installation noise.

[0128] As illustrated by [Fig. 15], the two outer 110 and inner 120 sleeves adopt an oblong section which has a rigidity greater than the cylindrical section previously used and facilitates the integration of the racks. In addition, as illustrated, a sliding connection implemented by a dovetail profile guides the movement between the two sleeves. This figure also shows the means of attachment of the bellows cylinder with the outer sleeve which is constituted by a T-profile cooperating with a corresponding T-groove 420 preformed in one of the faces of the bellows cylinder 400.

[0129] The cylinders 200 and 400 are supplied with compressed gas by means of a simplified pneumatic network. This installation I is shown diagrammatically in [Fig. 16]. It is completed by a remote control box (remote control) T allowing remote operation of the device D using a remote control.

[0130] A part of the controls is directly accessible on the inner sheath 110 in order to complete the installation of the device D in the frame H.

[0131] As illustrated, the pneumatic installation comprises a three-port / two-position distributor 510 controlled by a push button 511 with spring return to position. This push button 511 is available at the free end of the inner sleeve 110 (see [Fig. 1]) near the handle 113 so that the user can press it without releasing the handle 113.

[0132] The user's action on the push button 511 ensures that the distributor 510 moves into a supply position so as to supply compressed air to the cylinder 200 and ensure the extension of its rod 220. The device D is then retained in the frame H as illustrated in [Fig.6].

[0133] The user can then hold the push button 511 in the pressed position and see whether or not the opening part P is open. He can also release the push button 511 (the distributor then returning to the starting position) and use the remote control T. This remote control T comprises two distributors 520 and 530. The distributors 520 and 530 are controlled by push buttons 521 and 531 available on the remote control T. Acting on the push button 521 ensures (like acting on the push button 511) the supply of the cylinder 200 and the extension of its rod 220. As illustrated, the supply line for the purpose of rod extension is also connected to the chamber of the second cylinder 400 so that the air also supplies the thrust cylinder 400 and triggers its extension.

[0134] The second push button 531 available on the remote control controls the distributor 530 for the purpose of retracting the rod of the cylinder 200 (the springs and the stopping of the supply ensuring the retraction of the cylinder 400). The controllable valve 540 (activated by the air supply coming from the distributor 530) allows air to pass from the chambers of the cylinders 200 and 400 during retraction towards the outlet of the distributor 520. According to a preferred but non-limiting embodiment, a pressure reducer of the micro reg type regulates the air supply.

[0135] According to a particularly advantageous characteristic, the remote control T is connected to the rest of the device D by means of flexible hoses protected by a flexible fireproof cover not illustrated. According to another particularly advantageous characteristic of the invention, said flexible hoses are connected together by welding to facilitate their use and their protection by the cover.

[0136] The device D' illustrated by figures 18 and 19 is an embodiment which allows the forceful opening which can be used both for the opening of opening parts positioned or opening on the side opposite to that accessible for intervention (as proposed by the device D) and for the opening of opening parts positioned or opening on the side accessible for intervention, which is innovative.

[0137] To do this, the corners adopt a different configuration and the ratchet member is designed to provide a support surface in both directions of translation of the first cylinder, which can therefore also operate in tear-off mode when it is retracted.

[0138] As illustrated by figures 18 and 19, as for device D, each end 111' and 121' of the outer 110' and inner 120' sheaths is equipped with a driving wedge 112' and 122'.

[0139] The geometry of these recessed corners 112' and 122' has a triangular profile capable of inserting (between the frame H and the opening part P) a triangular angle both in an extension stroke of the device D' and in a retraction stroke. Thus, the corners 112' and 122' are formed by doubling according to an orthogonal symmetry the corners 112 and 122 of the device D.

[0140] The outer sheath 110' is of larger dimensions to accommodate the inner sheath 120'. The outer surface of the outer sheath 110' is equipped with a handle 113'. The outer surface of the inner sheath 120' is equipped with a second handle 123 coming at the same height as the handle 113'.

[0141] As for D, the installation of D' is accompanied by a ratchet member. This ratchet must thus allow both manual extension or retraction for installation purposes and motorized extension or retraction for forced opening purposes.

[0142] As illustrated in Figures 20 to 26, the levers 310' of the pawl and the notches 321' of the racks 320' are preformed to operate in both directions. The notches 321' are formed by transverse grooves made in the rack 320' and have a profile with rack bearing surfaces on both edges. In addition, the lever 310' has lever bearing surfaces arranged at equal distances on either side of an axis of rotation to tilt to one side or the other so that the rack and lever bearing surfaces come into contact to retain the movement depending on which way the pawl is to operate. The notches 321' have a symmetrical notched shape, that is to say they have a flat bearing surface perpendicular to the sliding axis on both sides.

[0143] The lever 310' also has a symmetrical shape. It is this shape which has a succession of surfaces allowing blocking or sliding.

[0144] The pivot shafts 313' of the two levers 310' relative to the plate 314' are integral in rotation with said levers 310' and are connected by a spring 330' which has an additional function to that of the spring 330 in that its deformation makes it possible to orient the levers 310' of the pawl so as to make it operate in one direction or the other as explained below. As illustrated by [Fig.26], two springs 330' control the orientation and behavior of the pawl but due to the symmetry and the projection chosen for the drawings, only one appears in Figures 20 to 25. In addition, the two springs 330' and their behavior are identical.

[0145] [Fig.20] illustrates a rest position where the prestressed spring 330' is in a position located in the plane of symmetry connecting the axes of rotation of the shafts 313' of the levers 310'. In this position, no end of lever 310' cooperates with the notches 321'.

[0146] The spring 330' is integral with the shafts of the levers 310' which pivot relative to a plate 314' fixed to the end 221' of the rod 220' of the jack 200'. In the position at the end of the retracted stroke illustrated by [Fig.20], this spring 330' is maintained in a rectilinear shape by being retained by two stops on either side of its middle part

[0147] - a first stop 114' is secured to the bottom of the outer sheath 110', and

[0148] - a second stop 201' is secured to the inner sheath 120' and more precisely from the inner end of the cylinder body 200'.

[0149] [Fig.21] illustrates the manual extension carried out by the user when putting the device D' in place. This extension moves the stop 114' away in the direction of the arrows F6. The plate 314' remaining in contact with the inner end of the cylinder body and therefore with the stop 201', the stressed spring 330' will bend according to the arrow F7 towards the released side.

[0150] [Fig.22] illustrates the consequences of the bending of the spring 330' according to the arrow F7, namely the rotation of the shafts 313' according to the arrow F8 which then orients the levers 310' so that one of their ends cooperates with the notches 321'. This orientation allows sliding for the purpose of extending the sheath 120' relative to to the sheath 110' and creates a support surface preventing sliding in the other direction so that when, under the action of compressed air, the rod 220' comes out of the body of the cylinder 200' for the purpose of motorized extension of the device D', the pawl serves as support for the motorized movement by opposing the exit of the rod which allows the body of the cylinder to move away.

[0151] Figures 23 and 24 illustrate the control of the ratchet for the purpose of using the device D' to exert a tearing force by means of the first cylinder 220', i.e. to open the door by retracting the device D'.

[0152] From the rest position illustrated by [Fig.20], the rod output 220' (arrow F9) is controlled so that the plate 314' and therefore the spring 330' moves away from the body of the cylinder 200' and therefore from the stop 201'. The spring 330' remaining in contact with the stop 114', the spring under stress 330' will bend according to the arrow F10 towards the released side as illustrated by [Fig.23].

[0153] [Fig.24] illustrates the consequences of the bending of the spring 330' according to the arrow F10, namely the rotation of the shafts 313' according to the arrow F11 which then orients the levers 310' so that their other end cooperates with the notches 321'. This orientation allows sliding for the purpose of retracting the sleeve 120' relative to the sleeve 110' and creates a support surface preventing sliding in the other direction so that when, under the action of compressed air, the rod 220' enters the body of the cylinder 200' for the purpose of motorized retraction of the device D', the pawl serves as a support for the motorized movement by opposing the retraction of the rod 220' which allows the body of the cylinder 200' to move closer.

[0154] It is understood that the devices which have just been described and represented above have been done so with a view to disclosure rather than limitation. Of course, various arrangements, modifications and improvements may be made to the examples presented, without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims

Claims

1. Device (D, D') for forcibly opening doors, windows and other openings, having an opening part (P) and a fixed frame (H), comprising: - a frame (100) extendable in length and having two ends and formed of at least two sliding sleeves (110, 120), an inner sleeve and an outer sleeve allowing the said ends to be moved apart or brought together, in order to be able to adapt to the width of the fixed chassis (H) on which it is installed, - at least one driving wedge (112, 122) at each end of the frame intended to bear on the chassis, said wedges (112, 122) being capable of moving towards or away from each other due to sliding, - a first cylinder (200) carrying out the motorized movement of the sliding sleeves (110, 120) and therefore of one wedge relative to the other, and subjecting the chassis (H) to a stress at the level of the supports between said wedges (112, 122) and the chassis (H), said first cylinder having a body (210) housed in one of the sleeves and a free end (221) of a rod (220) cooperating punctually with the other sleeve, the starting point of its stroke being defined by a first manual sliding between the two sleeves (110) 120), a second thrust cylinder (400) placed substantially perpendicularly to the frame (100) and resting on the latter to push against the opening part (P), CHARACTERIZED BY THE FACT THAT it comprises a locking member selectively locking the longitudinal translation for - on the one hand, locking the two sliding sleeves (110', 120') between them before controlling the extension of said first cylinder (200') to exert a thrust stress between the frame and the opening part after a manual extension and / or retraction, and - on the other hand, locking the two sliding sleeves (110', 120') between them before controlling the retraction of said first cylinder (200') to exert a clamping stress between the frame and the opening part after a manual extension and / or retraction, the first cylinder (200) being a multi-stage or tandem type cylinder, and the thrust cylinder (400) being a bellows cylinder provided with internal return springs (410) in order to define a retracted starting position less bulky, making it easier to set up the device.

2. Device (D) according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED BY THE FACT THAT the body (210) of said first cylinder (200) is tubular divided into at least two chambers in each of which a piston (230) moves, the pistons (230) being connected to each other by means of rods, one of the ends of one of the rods coming out of said body (210) and constituting said free end (221), the chambers being separated from each other by means of intermediate bearings (250), each chamber being equipped with an air inlet and an air outlet, the air inlets being connected together, the air outlets being connected together.

3. Device (D) according to any one of claims 1 to 2, CHARACTERIZED BY THE FACT THAT the jack(s) (200, 400) can be operated remotely using a remote control (T).

4. Device (D) according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED BY THE FACT THAT the inner (120) and outer (110) sheaths adopt an oblong or oval profile.

5. Device (D) according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED BY THE FACT THAT the thrust cylinder (400) is connected to the outer surface of the outer sleeve (110) by means of a sliding connection implemented by a rib and a groove (420) adopting a T-shaped profile.

6. Device (D) according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED BY THE FACT THAT the interior volume of said bellows cylinder (400) is partially occupied by a foam-type plastic material.

7. Device (D) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, CHARACTERIZED BY THE FACT THAT it comprises a locking member selectively locking the longitudinal translation to lock the two sliding sleeves (110, 120) between them before controlling the extension of said first cylinder (200) to exert a thrust constraint between the chassis (H) and the opening part (P) after a manual extension and / or retraction.

8. Device (D) according to claim 7, CHARACTERIZED BY THE FACT THAT said locking member comprises: - at least one longitudinal rack (320) arranged on the internal surface of the outer sheath (110) and provided with locking notches, - a ratchet articulated relative to a plate fixed to the free end (221) of the rod of the first jack (200) and cooperating with the rack (320) to be engaged or not with said notches and a return spring (330) of the ratchet.

9. Device (D') according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED BY THE FACT THAT said locking member comprises: - at least one longitudinal rack (320') arranged on the internal surface of the outer sheath and provided with locking notches (321'), - a pawl articulated relative to a plate fixed to the free end (221') of the rod of the first cylinder (200') and cooperating with the rack (320') to be engaged or not with said notches, and a return spring (330') of the pawl, said pawl and the notches being preformed to operate in both directions and provide a support point when extending the cylinder (200') and a retaining point when withdrawing the cylinder (200').

10. Device (D') according to claim 9, CHARACTERIZED BY THE FACT THAT the notches (321') are formed by transverse grooves made in the rack (320') and having a profile with rack bearing surfaces on their two edges, the pawl is a lever (310') having lever bearing surfaces arranged on either side of a rotation axis (313') to tilt to one side or the other so that the rack and lever bearing surfaces come into contact to retain the movement depending on which direction the pawl is to operate.

11. Device (D') according to claim 9 or 10, CHARACTERIZED BY THE FACT THAT the notches (321') have a symmetrical shape.

12. Device (D') according to claim 10 or 11, CHARACTERIZED BY THE FACT THAT the lever (310') has a symmetrical shape with lever support surfaces arranged at equal distance on either side of an axis of rotation.

13. Device (D') according to any one of claims 9 to 13, CHARACTERIZED BY THE FACT THAT the tilting of said ratchet to one side or the other for the purpose of blocking sliding in one direction or another, is defined, accompanied and maintained by the longitudinal flexion of said return spring (330') arranged orthogonally to the axis of rotation of the ratchet.

14. Device (D') according to claim 13, CHARACTERIZED BY THE FACT THAT said ratchet is equipped with a rotation shaft (313') to which said spring (330') is connected, the flexural deformation of the spring ensuring the pivoting of the shaft (313') and therefore of the ratchet.

15. Device (D') according to claim 14, CHARACTERIZED BY THE FACT THAT the spring (330') is placed under stress and its bending is oriented by its contact with stops (114', 201') integral with the outer sheath or the inner sheath.

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