Use of at least one drying vegetable oil as an antiviral agent

Abstract

Use of at least one drying vegetable oil as an antiviral agent. The present invention relates to the use of at least one drying vegetable oil having an iodine value of at least 80 g / 100 g to impart antiviral properties to a deposit formed on the surface of an inert substrate. Figure for the abstract: None

Description

Title of the invention: Use of at least one drying vegetable oil as an antiviral agent technical field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of inks and varnishes such as those known as oxidative-curing inks, particularly for printing. In particular, it relates to the field of surface treatment of an article, especially a substrate such as a printable substrate, particularly in sheet form, and more particularly a treatment designed to provide this article with antiviral properties. Previous technique

[0002] In modern societies, an increasing quantity of materials or objects, such as media intended to transmit information, are dedicated to being handled daily and frequently by a large number of people.

[0003] By way of illustration and not limitation of these information media, the following may be cited in particular: means of payment, such as a banknote, a check or a restaurant voucher, an identity document, such as an identity card, a visa, a passport or a driving licence, a lottery ticket, a transport ticket, a tax stamp or a tax sticker, a playing card, packaging, a book, a magazine, etc.

[0004] However, users of these objects may carry pathogenic microorganisms, particularly viruses, capable of causing epidemic and pandemic diseases of varying severity and, consequently, of contaminating any surface they come into contact with. If this surface is intended to be handled consecutively by one or more other users, it in turn becomes a significant vehicle for the dissemination of microorganisms to other people.

[0005] For example, as a medium of exchange in commercial transactions, the banknote constitutes one of the most manipulated information media in the world and therefore represents a potential vector for the transmission of diseases.

[0006] Numerous solutions exist that utilize mineral or synthetic biocides, which can be used to treat substrates to provide antimicrobial protection. However, these manufactured biocidal compounds can be relatively toxic and are also very often expensive.

[0007] However, the development of technical solutions using environmentally friendly biocidal agents is becoming an important issue at a time when environmental and ecological considerations, particularly with regard to recyclability, govern the choice of certain technologies, especially when it comes to biocidal agents which by nature are generally harmful to the environment and are subject to significant restrictions, particularly regarding their release.

[0008] Furthermore, antimicrobial protection techniques often significantly alter the surface appearance of the material to be protected. For example, the application of active protective films or the use of copper-based metallic coatings significantly changes the initial thickness and / or color of the substrate.

[0009] It should also be noted that many techniques used for implementing antimicrobial protection are not compatible with mass production due to their complexity, particularly with regard to their impact on production rates and / or costs. For example, it is often necessary to implement an additional component or an additional process step.

[0010] Furthermore, for obvious reasons, optimizing the antiviral properties provided by surface treatment of these substrates is an ongoing objective. In particular, the aim is to achieve good antiviral efficacy while also providing good broad-spectrum antimicrobial efficacy, especially good antibacterial efficacy.

[0011] The present invention aims precisely to provide a solution that makes it possible to provide antiviral properties to a deposit formed on the surface of a substrate while overcoming the disadvantages mentioned above.

[0012] In particular, it aims to propose a solution for forming an antiviral deposit on the surface of a substrate by conventional printing techniques, in particular offset printing.

[0013] It also aims to provide antiviral protection for articles that is environmentally friendly and in particular does not impair the recyclability of said articles. Description of the invention

[0014] The present invention thus proposes a use of at least one drying vegetable oil having an iodine value of at least 80 g / lOOg to provide antiviral properties, in particular virucidal, to a deposit formed on the surface of an inert substrate.

[0015] In particular, the drying vegetable oil is implemented in the form of a varnish or an ink, especially intended to form a coating covering all or part of the surface of said inert substrate or a pattern printed on the surface of said inert substrate.

[0016] Preferably, the drying vegetable oil is linseed oil, an oil derived from linseed oil or a mixture thereof.

[0017] It is understood that the intended use of the present invention is non-therapeutic.

[0018] Admittedly, varnishes or inks containing linseed oil are known as environmentally friendly protective formulations. However, to the inventors' knowledge, it has never been proposed to use linseed oil to provide antiviral activity to a deposit formed on the surface of an inert substrate, particularly in an oxidatively curing varnish or ink intended for printing via a conventional printing process such as offset printing.

[0019] Against all expectations, the inventors have indeed discovered that drying vegetable oils, in particular linseed oil, exhibit, when they form a deposit obtained after oxidative drying on the surface of a substrate, significant antiviral activity, in particular broad-spectrum virucidal activity on naked and enveloped viruses.

[0020] Indeed, as can be seen from the examples below, a paper-type substrate coated with a deposit obtained from a composition comprising linseed oil emulsified in water exhibits excellent antiviral activity, both on a naked virus and on an enveloped virus.

[0021] Furthermore, unlike solutions using synthetic biocides, the natural character and lack of toxicity of the proposed solution, which uses a drying vegetable oil or one of its derivatives as an antiviral agent, does not impair the recyclability of the treated material. The drying vegetable oil is also an edible product, and its use according to the invention can, in certain configurations, produce coatings suitable for food contact.

[0022] The solution proposed in the present invention also offers an economic advantage associated with the inexpensive active ingredient, namely drying vegetable oil, and the ability to form thin deposits through the application process, such as printing, particularly offset, gravure, screen printing, or flexography, preferably offset printing. In particular, the use of a varnish or ink applicable by printing, particularly offset, gravure, screen printing, or flexography, preferably offset printing, makes this solution compatible with mass production.

[0023] For the purposes of this invention, "antiviral" means the ability of a compound, deposit, coating or object such as a substrate to inhibit the growth of viruses or to kill viruses.

[0024] The antiviral properties provided by the drying vegetable oil implemented according to the present invention are more particularly dedicated to inhibiting and / or killing viruses pathogenic to mammals and more particularly to humans.

[0025] Such viruses may be envelope-less viruses, known as "naked" viruses, which consist of a genome, DNA or RNA, and a capsid of viral proteins, or so-called " "enveloped" which also have an envelope consisting of a lipid bilayer in which viral proteins are integrated.

[0026] By way of example, representative of viruses pathogenic to humans that may be considered according to the invention, the following may be mentioned in particular: retroviruses, cytomegaloviruses, rotaviruses, paramyxoviruses, polioviruses, hantaviruses, coxsackieviruses, encephalomyocarditis virus, picomaviruses including rhinoviruses, DNA or RNA viruses, in particular flaviviridae, HIV, influenza viruses, in particular H1N1, adenoviruses, coronaviruses, in particular human coronaviruses HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, SARS-CoV-2, smallpox virus, yellow fever virus, hepatitis C virus, Ebola viruses, herpes viruses, Epstein-Barr virus, varicella-zoster virus, rubella virus, and simian viruses. 40 or SV40.

[0027] For the purposes of this invention, "virucidal" means the ability of a compound, deposit, coating or object such as a substrate to kill viruses, in particular those described above.

[0028] According to a particular embodiment, the present invention relates to the use of at least one drying vegetable oil having an iodine value of at least 80 gVlOOg to provide antiviral properties against enveloped viruses, in particular of the family of coronaviruses with human infection, to a deposit formed on the surface of an inert substrate.

[0029] According to another particular embodiment, the present invention relates to the use of at least one drying vegetable oil having an iodine value of at least 80 gVlOOg to provide antiviral properties against naked viruses, in particular of the adenovirus family, to a deposit formed on the surface of an inert substrate.

[0030] Other features, variations and advantages of a use according to the invention, and of its implementation for the surface treatment of articles, in particular of substrates, will become clearer from the description and examples which follow, given by way of illustration and not limitation of the invention.

[0031] In the following text, the expressions "between ... and ...", "ranging from ... to ..." and "varying from ... to ..." are equivalent and are meant to mean that the limits are included, unless otherwise stated. Detailed description

[0032] As previously stated, the invention utilizes at least one drying vegetable oil to achieve particularly advantageous antiviral properties. In particular, the drying vegetable oil enables the formation of an antiviral deposit on the surface of an inert substrate through oxidative drying. Drying vegetable oil

[0033] For the purposes of this invention, a "plant" compound is defined as a compound or extract of natural origin obtained from plants, via, where appropriate, one or more physical and / or chemical processes, such as grinding, refining, distillation, purification, filtration or cooking.

[0034] By compound "of natural origin", we mean any compound that pre-exists in nature or that can be synthesized from natural compounds existing in nature.

[0035] By "drying oil" in the sense of the invention, we mean an oil which, when spread in a thin layer and then exposed to air, transforms into a solid film.

[0036] The drying vegetable oil used in this application is selected from vegetable oils rich in unsaturated fatty acids, particularly monounsaturated and / or polyunsaturated fatty acids, or their esters such as triglycerides. An "unsaturated" fatty acid is defined as one that contains at least one carbon-carbon double bond. A "monounsaturated" fatty acid contains a single carbon-carbon double bond. A "polyunsaturated" fatty acid contains at least two carbon-carbon double bonds.

[0037] In particular, the drying vegetable oil comprises at least 65% by weight, preferably at least 75% by weight, or even at least 85% by weight, of unsaturated fatty acids, their esters and mixtures thereof, relative to the total weight of the drying vegetable oil. Preferably, the drying vegetable oil comprises at least 65% by weight, more preferably at least 75% by weight, or even at least 85% by weight, of fatty acids selected from oleic acid, linoleic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, their esters and mixtures thereof, in particular from oleic acid, linoleic acid, alpha-linolenic acid and mixtures thereof, relative to the total weight of the drying vegetable oil.

[0038] The drying properties of an oil can be characterized by its iodine value. The iodine value represents the amount of iodine capable of binding to the unsaturates present in the vegetable oil and is expressed in grams of iodine per 100 g of vegetable oil. Thus, an oil is more drying the higher its iodine value. For example, the iodine value of a saturated fatty acid is zero. The iodine value can, in particular, be determined by titration according to standard NF EN ISO 3961.

[0039] The drying vegetable oil used in the application according to the invention has an iodine value of at least 80 g / 100 g. In particular, the drying vegetable oil has an iodine value of at least 100 g / 100 g, preferably at least 150 g / 100 g.

[0040] Advantageously, the drying vegetable oil can be chosen from linseed oil, Chinese wood oil, also known as Tung or Canton oil, oiticica oil, Vernonia oil, poppyseed oil, pomegranate oil, calendula oil, rapeseed oil, sunflower oil, hemp oil, soybean oil, castor oil and lavender oil, in particular among linseed oil, tung oil, oiticica oil, vernonia oil, poppyseed oil, pomegranate oil, calendula oil, sunflower oil, hemp oil and soybean oil; their derived oils such as esters of these vegetable oils, alkyd resins obtained from these vegetable oils; and mixtures thereof.

[0041] Alkyd resins are polyesters comprising hydrocarbon chains of fatty acids, obtained in particular by polymerization of polyols and polyacids or their corresponding anhydride, in the presence of fatty acids. These fatty acids are present, notably in the form of triglycerides, in the majority of natural oils, such as in particular the oils mentioned above.

[0042] By "derived oil" is meant a vegetable oil that has been modified by chemical reaction.

[0043] In particular, drying vegetable oil can be refined and / or partially polymerized. Examples include blown oils and stand oils, maleinized, epoxidized or cooked oils.

[0044] According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the drying vegetable oil according to the invention is linseed oil, an oil derived from linseed oil, or a mixture thereof, preferably linseed oil. In general, linseed oil has an iodine value ranging from 170 to 204 g / 100 g.

[0045] Linseed oil can be raw or cooked. Preferably, the drying vegetable oil used in the application according to the invention is raw, refined, or refined and cold-crystallized (in English, "winterized") linseed oil.

[0046] The term “boiled linseed oil” means raw linseed oil that has been heated to a high temperature, in particular above 280°C, under controlled oxidation and then at a lower temperature.

[0047] Such drying vegetable oils are commercially available. For example, linseed oils marketed by the Alberdingk Boley company under the names "Crude LO", "Refined LO", "Refined LO winterized", or "Pale refined LO".

[0048] Drying vegetable oil can be used in its pure form, as an emulsion, or as a solution. In particular, it is used as an emulsion, especially an oil-in-water emulsion, or as a solution in a solvent. Turpentine is a suitable solvent for forming a vegetable oil solution.

[0049] Preferably, the drying vegetable oil is used in the form of an emulsion, in particular oil in water, or even in the form of a dispersion, in particular aqueous.

[0050] According to a particular embodiment, the drying vegetable oil can be used in an emulsion, in particular aqueous, or a dispersion, in particular aqueous, which may contain at least one polymer binder, in particular chosen from acrylic, polyurethane, styrene-acrylic binders, their copolymers and their mixtures.

[0051] As an alternative, drying vegetable oil can be used in a wax.

[0052] In particular, the drying vegetable oil is implemented in the form of a formulation, such as a varnish, ink or lacquer, preferably a varnish or ink, having a viscosity suitable for its application on the inert substrate by printing, in particular a viscosity ranging from 30 mPa.s to 40 Pa.s, preferably from 50 mPa.s to 25 Pa.s. It can be implemented in the form of a formulation comprising from 0.5% to 75% by weight, preferably from 1.5% to 70% by weight, more preferably from 30% to 70% and even more preferably from 40% to 70% by weight, of drying vegetable oil as considered according to the invention, in particular linseed oil, relative to the total weight of the formulation.

[0053] Preferably, the drying vegetable oil is used in the form of a varnish or ink, particularly one with oxidative drying. In particular, the drying vegetable oil is a major component of the varnish or ink. It provides, on the one hand, the oxidative drying function of the ink or varnish and, on the other hand, the associated antiviral, particularly virucidal, function without requiring the use of additional synthetic biocides.

[0054] Preferably, the drying vegetable oil is used in the form of a UV-curing or cationic-curing varnish. This curing is initiated during the application of the varnish or ink to the surface of the substrate to be treated, resulting in the expected varnish film or print deposit.

[0055] Advantageously, the drying vegetable oil has, in addition to antiviral activity, antimicrobial activity, in particular antibacterial and / or antifungal activity.

[0056] In particular, the varnish or ink is applicable with a thin layer, meaning that it allows for the formation of thin and / or small surface deposits. Advantageously, it preserves the surface appearance of the substrate, meaning that the surface appearance is minimally or not at all altered by the application of the varnish or ink. In an advantageous embodiment, the varnish or ink can be applied by a printing process, in particular offset printing, gravure printing, screen printing, or flexography, preferably by offset printing.

[0057] The varnish may be a pre-press or post-press varnish, in particular an overprint varnish, especially an oxidative drying varnish. The varnish has in in particular a viscosity ranging from 30 mPa.s to 40 Pa.s, preferably from 50 mPa.s to 25 Pa.s.

[0058] The varnish may comprise from 0.5% to 75% by weight, preferably from 1.5% to 70% by weight, of a drying vegetable oil as considered according to the invention, in particular linseed oil, relative to the total weight of the varnish. For example, it may be a varnish comprising at least 1% free linseed oil, the free linseed oil content being determined by transesterification, and having a dynamic viscosity at 40°C of between 0.3 and 3.15 Pa·s for a shear rate of between 9 and 9320 s⁻¹, the viscosity being measured using a Haake dynamic viscometer. "Free linseed oil" means unpolymerized linseed oil.

[0059] The ink may be a printing ink, in particular an oxidatively drying printing ink. The ink has, in particular, a viscosity ranging from 30 mPa.s to 40 Pa.s, preferably from 50 mPa.s to 25 Pa.s. The ink may comprise from 0.5% to 75% by weight, preferably from 1.5% to 70% by weight, more preferably from 30% to 70% and even more preferably from 40% to 70% by weight, of drying vegetable oil as considered according to the invention, in particular linseed oil, relative to the total weight of the ink.

[0060] The drying vegetable oil can be used in combination with at least one ancillary agent, in particular selected from among ancillary biocidal agents, surfactants, and drying agents, in particular in combination with at least one ancillary biocidal agent, notably at least one ancillary antiviral agent. "Ancillary agent" means a compound distinct from the drying vegetable oil used according to the invention. The drying vegetable oil can also be used in combination with one or more additional compounds, particularly with regard to its method of application and intended use.

[0061] The drying vegetable oil can be used in conjunction with at least one safety feature, in particular a marker or tracer, for example, to authenticate and / or identify the composition comprising the drying vegetable oil and / or the deposit formed. A marker or tracer can be in the form of an active element, particles, or fibers capable of generating a specific signal when these tracers are subjected to optronic, electrical, magnetic, or electromagnetic excitation, or a thermal or chemical stimulus.

[0062] Among the ancillary biocidal agents may be cited bacteriostatic, bactericidal, fungistatic, fungicidal, yeasticidal, virucidal agents distinct from a drying vegetable oil considered according to the invention.

[0063] Of course, these agents are also selected for their safety for humans under the conditions of implementation according to the invention.

[0064] This or these additional biocidal agents may in particular be selected from p-[(Diiodomethyl)sulfonyl]toluol, 3-iodo-2-propynylbutyl carbamate, methyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate, quaternary ammonium compounds, in particular didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DDAC), monolaurin, isothiazoline compounds or isothiazolone derivatives, chitosan or chitin derivatives, zinc zeolite, silver ions, in particular silver chloride, silver in supported particulate form and triclosan and mixtures thereof.

[0065] According to one variant, the drying vegetable oil is implemented in combination with at least one bacteriostatic and / or bactericidal agent selected from chitosan-based compounds or chitin derivatives, zinc zeolite, silver ions, silver in supported particulate form and triclosan and mixtures thereof.

[0066] According to one variant, the drying vegetable oil is implemented in combination with at least one fungistatic and / or fungicidal agent selected from compounds based on isothiazoline or isothiazolone derivatives, chitosan or chitin derivatives, zinc zeolite, silver ions, silver in supported particulate form and triclosan.

[0067] According to one variant, the drying vegetable oil is implemented in combination with at least one fungistatic and / or fungicidal agent based on p-[(Diiodomethyl)sulfonyl]toluol.

[0068] According to one variant, the drying vegetable oil is implemented in combination with at least one fungistatic and / or fungicidal agent based on methyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate.

[0069] According to one variant, the drying vegetable oil is implemented in combination with at least 3-iodo-2-propynylbutyl carbamate (IPBC).

[0070] According to another variant, the drying vegetable oil is implemented in combination with at least one additional antiviral agent, in particular virucidal, especially of natural origin.

[0071] The virucides of natural origin usable within the framework of the present invention can thus be obtained either by extraction and purification from a natural medium containing them, or by synthesis from natural compounds.

[0072] As an example of such virucides, one can notably cite monolaurin which can be obtained by synthesis from glycerol and lauric acid.

[0073] For the purposes of the invention, the term monolaurin is intended to refer to both naturally occurring monolaurin and monolaurin obtained by synthesis from glycerol and lauric acid.

[0074] According to one embodiment, the virucide of natural origin may in particular be chosen from monolaurin, lactoferrin and essential oils exhibiting antiviral activity, such as laurel essential oil.

[0075] Preferably, the drying vegetable oil is used in a varnish or ink comprising less than 1% by weight, in particular less than 0.5% by weight, more particularly less than 0.1% by weight of antiviral agent, in particular virucidal, adjunct, or even devoid of antiviral agent, in particular virucidal, adjunct.

[0076] In particular, the drying vegetable oil is used in a varnish or ink comprising less than 1% by weight, in particular less than 0.5% by weight, more particularly less than 0.1% by weight of ancillary biocidal agent, or even free of ancillary biocidal agent.

[0077] The surfactant may be selected from nonionic, anionic, cationic, zwitterionic surfactants and mixtures thereof, preferably from nonionic surfactants. Examples of nonionic surfactants include fatty acid and sugar esters, fatty alcohol ethers of sugars, oxyalkylated glycerol ethers, oxyalkylated alcohols, fatty acid and polyethylene glycol esters, oxyalkylated fatty acid and glycerol ether esters, fatty acid and sorbitol esters, particularly oxyalkylated esters, silicone surfactants, propylene oxide and ethylene oxide copolymers and mixtures thereof. Preferably, the surfactant is an ethoxylated surfactant such as beheneth-10.

[0078] The surfactant(s) can be used in a surfactant(s) / drying vegetable oil weight ratio of 0.001 to 1, in particular from 0.01 to 0.15, more particularly from 0.05 to 0.1.

[0079] By "drying agent" is meant a compound which increases the drying capacity of a drying oil, that is to say that a drying agent catalyzes the drying of the drying oil when it is exposed to air.

[0080] In particular, the drying agent can be chosen from metallic salts, in particular of cobalt, zirconium, zinc, manganese, for example metallic salts of 2-ethylhexanoic acid, and mixtures thereof.

[0081] The drying agent(s) can be implemented in a weight ratio of drying agent(s) / drying vegetable oil ranging from 0.001 to 1, in particular from 0.005 to 0.15. Inert substrate

[0082] The drying vegetable oil used in the application according to the invention is intended to form an antiviral deposit on the surface of an inert substrate. In particular, it is intended to impart antiviral properties to said inert substrate.

[0083] Here, "inert substrate" means a substrate made of inert material(s), that is to say, non-living matter.

[0084] The inert substrate can be a porous substrate, in particular fibrous.

[0085] It can be chosen from substrates such as paper or cardboard, leather, wood, textile or non-woven material.

[0086] In particular, the inert substrate is distinct from wood, especially raw, particleboard, or plywood. For example, the inert substrate is distinct from raw or plywood, especially from raw wood.

[0087] Preferably, the inert substrate is a printable substrate, that is to say, intended to form patterns and / or writing on its surface by printing.

[0088] Preferably, the inert substrate considered in the use according to the invention is a paper or cardboard type substrate.

[0089] An inert substrate can be made of fibers which may be natural, artificial and / or synthetic. It can also contain mineral fillers.

[0090] According to one embodiment of the invention, the fibers entering into the composition of the substrate comprise natural fibers.

[0091] Among natural fibers, we can mention cellulosic fibers, such as wood fibers, for example hardwood fibers, softwood fibers or their mixture, cotton fibers, bamboo, straw, abaca, asperto, hemp, jute, flax, sisal and their mixtures.

[0092] The paper pulp used to form paper or cardboard can be bleached, semi-bleached or unbleached; these are commonly referred to respectively as bleached, semi-bleached or unbleached fibers.

[0093] Preferably, the fibers forming part of the substrate comprise cellulosic fibers, in particular wood or annual plant fibers, synthetic fibers, and / or mineral fibers. In a particular embodiment, the inert substrate is formed at least partly or even mainly of cellulosic fibers.

[0094] In particular, said cellulosic fibers are a mixture of cotton fibers and wood fibers.

[0095] According to a particular variant, this substrate is formed at least in part or even mainly from recycled fibers, for example from the shredding of old papers.

[0096] According to another embodiment of the invention, the fibers forming part of the substrate may comprise synthetic fibers. The presence of synthetic fibers, mixed with cellulosic fibers, in the substrate according to the invention improves the tear resistance properties of said substrate.

[0097] In addition to these fibers, the porous and more particularly fibrous substrate may of course contain other components commonly used in the paper or cardboard industry, and in particular chosen from among humectants such as polyol-type compounds, such as, for example, glycerin, also known as glycerol, the propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, butylene glycol, glyceryl triacetate, or sorbitol; fillers, in particular mineral fillers such as colloidal silica, sodium silicates, sodium aluminosilicates, natural or precipitated calcium carbonates, talc, natural or calcined kaolin, alumina hydrate, titanium dioxide, aluminum silicates, barium sulfate, and mixtures thereof, or organic fillers such as plastic fillers or pigments; and anionic or cationic bulk bonding agents, for example, intended to develop some of the hydrophobicity of the finished substrate.

[0098] In particular, the inert substrate is chosen from sheet substrates for packaging or for the manufacture of information media intended to be handled frequently by a large number of people, and therefore likely to carry pathogenic microorganisms, including viruses.

[0099] In particular, the inert substrate may be intended for the manufacture of an information carrier, such as a fibrous substrate intended for the manufacture of a security document. Examples of such security documents include banknotes, which are handled at least hundreds of times during their circulation period.

[0100] According to one embodiment, the inert substrate is used to form a security sheet that incorporates at least one security feature enabling the authentication of said sheet. In particular, said security feature is selected from visual devices, including optically variable devices (OVDs), holograms, lenticular devices, interference features, especially iridescent features, liquid crystals, magnetically orientable pigments, and interference multilayer structures. These optically variable devices may be present on security threads integrated into the fibrous substrate or on strips or patches affixed or printed onto the fibrous substrate. Watermarks produced during the manufacturing process of the fibrous substrate may also be mentioned as another visual security feature.In particular, the security element is chosen from among so-called luminescent elements, detectable under UV or IR light. These luminescent elements may be in the form of particles, fiber strips, strips, security wire integrated at least partially into the fibrous substrate, or strips or patches affixed or printed onto the fibrous substrate. Specifically, the security element is chosen from among automatically detectable elements, notably optically or magnetically. These detectable elements, commonly called markers or tags, are integrated into the fibrous substrate or into visual or luminescent security elements. A security sheet may also include a radio frequency identification (RFID) device, which also provides identification and traceability capabilities for the security sheet.

[0101] According to one embodiment, the security sheet in question is or forms part of a security document. Preferably, the security document in question is an official document, in particular an identity card, a passport, a residence permit or a visa.

[0102] According to another embodiment, the inert substrate can be used to form a driving licence, an access card, a loyalty card, a photocopy card, a canteen card, a playing card, a collectible card, a means of payment, in particular a payment card, a banknote, a voucher or a receipt, a ticket for access to cultural or sporting events, a certificate of authenticity, a book or a magazine.

[0103] The inert substrate can also be a cardboard dedicated to forming packaging cartons, said cardboard being in particular formed of virgin fibers or preferably at least partly or even entirely of recycled fibers.

[0104] The inert substrate may also be a non-porous substrate, in particular selected from a metallic material, a ceramic, a glass, a plastic material, and a paper / plastic hybrid substrate with the plastic part on the outside. In the case of a plastic material, this is, for example, a printable thin sheet plastic, a packaging and / or protective film, a security film (in particular, a "foil" in English), a laminate or security element, or a polymer banknote.

[0105] According to a particular embodiment, the inert substrate, in particular porous or non-porous, is adapted for the manufacture of an information medium, such as a secure document, preferably a banknote.

[0106] In particular, the inert substrate, whether porous or non-porous, is used to form a security sheet that incorporates at least one security feature as described above, enabling the authentication of said sheet, or a radio frequency identification device. In particular, the security sheet in question is, or forms part of, a security document. The security document in question may be an official document, in particular an identity card, a passport, a residence permit, or a visa. The inert substrate may be used to form a driver's license, an access card, a loyalty card, a photocopy card, a cafeteria card, a playing card, a collectible card, a means of payment, in particular a payment card, a banknote, a voucher or receipt, a ticket for cultural or sporting events, a certificate of authenticity, a book, or a magazine. Deposit

[0107] In the use according to the invention, the drying vegetable oil makes it possible to provide antiviral properties to a deposit formed on the surface of an inert substrate.

[0108] Preferably, the deposit is formed by oxidative drying.

[0109] An oxidative drying step makes it possible to solidify the drying vegetable oil deposited on the inert substrate, in particular by polymerization in the presence of oxygen.

[0110] Oxidative drying can be carried out under an oxygenated atmosphere, in particular comprising more than 10%, for example more than 20% by volume of oxygen. For example, it can be carried out in the presence of air.

[0111] Oxidative drying can be carried out at a temperature above 50°C, for example from 100°C to 200°C.

[0112] In particular, the deposit can be formed by contacting at least all or part of one of the external surfaces of the inert substrate with at least one drying vegetable oil as considered in the present invention, followed by oxidative drying. A support can thus be obtained comprising an inert substrate and a deposit on the surface of said inert substrate.

[0113] The formation of the deposit can be achieved according to different methods of application of the drying vegetable oil.

[0114] According to one embodiment, the inert substrate is immersed in a solution or emulsion containing at least one drying vegetable oil as considered according to the invention.

[0115] According to another embodiment, a solution or emulsion containing at least the drying vegetable oil as considered according to the invention is sprayed onto the surface of at least one face of the inert substrate.

[0116] According to another embodiment, at least one of the external surfaces of the inert substrate is coated using a coating solution containing at least one drying vegetable oil as considered according to the invention. The coating may be carried out by an air-blade system, a curtain coating, a pencil, blade or squeegee system, rollers, in particular pre-dosed, engraved or transfer rollers, a sizing press (or "size-press"), an impregnating machine, or a film transfer press ("film-press").

[0117] According to another embodiment, at least one of the external surfaces of the inert substrate is surfaced with a surfacing bath containing at least one drying vegetable oil as considered according to the invention.

[0118] According to another embodiment, the inert substrate having been previously coated and / or surfaced, is printed, partially or totally on the surface, using an ink containing at least one drying vegetable oil as considered according to the invention.

[0119] According to another embodiment, a topcoat varnish containing at least one drying vegetable oil as considered according to the invention is applied to at least one of the external surfaces of said inert substrate, in particular one that has been previously coated and / or surfaced and printed. This may be a Application by printing, particularly offset, flexographic, gravure or screen printing, or by spraying. Preferably, it is an application by printing, and more preferably by offset printing.

[0120] These embodiments are particularly advantageous insofar as their implementation is compatible with a conventional manufacturing process of an inert support such as a porous support, in particular fibrous, especially of the paper type, i.e. concomitantly with the conventional manufacturing steps.

[0121] They therefore advantageously do not require any additional steps other than those required for the manufacture of the support.

[0122] Of course, these different methods of contacting the drying vegetable oil with the external surface(s) of the inert substrate to be treated can, where appropriate, be combined. However, these combinations must be compatible with the manifestation, at the level of the inert substrate, of the desired antiviral activity.

[0123] In particular, the drying vegetable oil is brought into contact with said inert substrate by gluing, by surfacing or by impregnation.

[0124] According to a preferred embodiment, the deposit is formed by printing, gluing, surfacing or spraying, in particular by printing, especially of the offset, flexographic, gravure or screen printing type, preferably by offset printing.

[0125] The deposit may be located on the surface of said substrate and / or in the superficial part of the substrate's thickness. In particular, the deposit is located at least on the external surface of said substrate, or even solely on the surface of the substrate, in other words, without penetrating into the substrate's thickness.

[0126] Preferably, the deposit is a coating covering all or part of the surface of said inert substrate. In particular, the deposit is a coating completely covering the surface of the inert substrate. The coating may be placed on the surface of a printed inert substrate, in particular to protect a printed design and / or text, or between an inert substrate and a printed surface, in particular as a printing surface.

[0127] Preferably, the targeted deposition area for the varnish according to the invention is an area dedicated to being exposed to direct contact with the manipulator of the substrate treated according to the invention so as to guarantee this manipulator a gain in safety.

[0128] The deposit can also be an impression, in particular covering only a portion of the surface of the inert substrate, for example in the form of patterns or writing, said covered portion preferably being a part intended to be handled and / or touched.

[0129] In particular, the deposit obtained after drying consists of at least 40% by weight of a drying vegetable oil considered according to the invention, or one of its derivatives, in particular as obtained after oxidative drying, or mixtures thereof, in particular at least 60% by weight, more particularly at least 75% by weight, or even at least 90% by weight, relative to the weight of said deposit.

[0130] Preferably, the deposit obtained after drying consists of at least 40% by weight of linseed oil, one of its derivatives, in particular as obtained after oxidative drying, or mixtures thereof, in particular at least 60% by weight, more particularly at least 75% by weight, or even at least 90% by weight, relative to the weight of said deposit.

[0131] The deposit may also comprise at least one ancillary agent as described above, in particular at least one ancillary biocidal agent, at least one surfactant, and / or at least one drying agent. In particular, the deposit comprises less than 5%, in particular less than 1%, for example less than 0.5% of ancillary biocidal agent by weight of said deposit, or is devoid of any ancillary biocidal agent. Preferably, the deposit comprises less than 5%, in particular less than 1%, for example less than 0.5% of ancillary antiviral agent, in particular ancillary virucidal agent, by weight of said deposit, or is devoid of any ancillary antiviral agent, or is devoid of any ancillary virucidal agent.

[0132] The antiviral properties of the deposit formed on the surface of an inert substrate, in particular as detailed above, can be evaluated according to standard methods, as described in the examples that follow, for example with respect to the human coronavirus Hcov-OC43 (enveloped virus representative of the coronavirus family to which SARS-COV2 belongs) or with respect to Adenovirus 10 (naked virus responsible for respiratory syndromes and occasionally gastroenteritis), according to the ASTM E 1053 standard.

[0133] The use according to the invention makes it possible, in particular, to achieve excellent antiviral activity, with a reduction of over 99.9990% in viral load within 5 hours. Advantageously, the deposit formed on the surface of the inert substrate also possesses mechanical properties adapted to protect the substrate from mechanical damage. It can be transparent and / or glossy and / or colored. In particular, it forms a protective layer on the surface of the substrate against its environment. Thus, the presence of the drying vegetable oil gives the deposit, in addition to its primary function of durability, an additional function of protection against microbial risk.

[0134] In a preferred embodiment, the inert substrate on the surface of which the deposit is formed is a fibrous substrate of banknote or security document paper, or packaging paper, or copy paper, or a cardboard backing for making packaging cartons, particularly cartons specifically designed for forming packaging cartons, especially flat or corrugated ones. In particular, the use according to the invention aims to form a printed substrate.

[0135] According to a preferred embodiment, said inert substrate is paper and said drying vegetable oil, in particular linseed oil, is used at a rate of at least 0.5% by weight, preferably at least 1% by weight, more preferably at least 1.5% by weight, or even 1.5% to 2.5% by weight of drying vegetable oil, in particular linseed oil, relative to the weight of the paper.

[0136] According to another preferred embodiment, said inert substrate is cardboard and said drying vegetable oil, in particular linseed oil, is used at a rate of at least 0.5% by weight of the drying vegetable oil considered according to the invention, in particular linseed oil, preferably at least 1% by weight, more preferably at least 1.5% by weight, or even from 1.5% to 2.5%, by weight of the drying vegetable oil considered according to the invention, in particular linseed oil, relative to the weight of the cardboard. Applications

[0137] The use according to the present invention can in particular be implemented to prepare papers, for covers (“kraft liner” or “test liner”) and / or paper for corrugated board used in the composition of packaging cartons.

[0138] It can also be used to prepare a security document, in particular a banknote.

[0139] In particular, it can be implemented to prepare non-woven and textile papers and materials, printing and writing papers, coated papers and copy papers.

[0140] The use according to the present invention can in particular be implemented to prepare polymer films for packaging or for fiduciary applications, as well as loyalty or payment cards in plastics. Examples Materials and methods

[0141] The following raw materials were used:

[0142] - Linseed oil marketed by the company Sigma Aldrich under the name linseed oil, having an iodine value ranging from 170 to 204 g / lOOg of linseed oil; - Surfactant: Beheneth-10 marketed by BASF under the name Eumulgin B A10; - Dispersion of styrene-acrylic copolymers at 46-48% by dry weight marketed by DSM Coating Resins BV under the name NeoCryl A-2092;

[0143] - 43-45% dry weight acrylic copolymer emulsion marketed by DSM Coating Resins BV under the name NeoCryl A-1127;

[0144] - Dispersion of acrylic copolymers at 43-45% by dry weight marketed by DSM Coating Resins BV under the name Decovery SP-6200XP,

[0145] - Cationically curing UV varnish for paper substrates marketed by the Sicpa company dry extract 90-100%;

[0146] - Cationically curing UV varnish for polymer substrates marketed by the Sicpa company dry extract 90-100%;

[0147] - 90-100% solids UV curing varnish marketed by SunChemical under the reference Sun Flexo UV gloss CTG.

[0148] In the following examples, and unless otherwise indicated, % by weight are expressed as % by weight of the commercial products. 1. Testing of antiviral properties

[0149] The test of antiviral activity against human coronavirus Hcov-OC43 (enveloped virus representing the coronavirus family which includes SARS-COV2), or against Adenovirus 10 (naked virus responsible for respiratory syndromes and occasionally gastroenteritis) is based on the ASTM E 1053 standard.

[0150] Infectiosity test at the cell culture level

[0151] The human coronavirus Hcov-OC43 virus was propagated and enumerated using the Most Probable Number (MPN) method, using as host the human ileocecal colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line (ATCC CCL-244) HCT-8. The cells were cultured in cell culture flasks.

[0152] For enumeration, the virus was enumerated in infectious units according to the assay methodology described in Standard Method 9510 (APHA, 2012 equivalent to EPA / 600 / R-95 / 178 and EPA / 600 / 4 / 84 / 013 updated).

[0153] In summary, aliquots of a virus-containing sample were inoculated onto freshly prepared monolayers of HCT8 cells (approximately 90% confluence). The cells were then incubated in dMEM (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's medium), a 2% fetal bovine serum medium (FBS, Mediatech, USA), at 35°C and 5% CO2 for 8–10 days. The cells were regularly monitored under a microscope for signs of degeneration. Cells showing signs of infectivity in the vials (cytopathic effects, CPE) were counted as positive (+) and those without CPE as negative (-). The most probable number of infectious viruses in a sample was then calculated using MPNCALC software (version 0.0.0.23).

[0154] For the experiments, the frozen viral stock (typically 1 x 10⁸ IU / ml) was rapidly thawed in a water bath at 35°C. The virus suspension contained 2% FBS and was diluted in phosphate buffer (PBS) and used within 15 minutes of thawing. The virus suspension was counted by performing serial 1 / 10 dilutions in PBS and then inoculated onto HCT8 cells as described above.

[0155] Evaluation of treated paper samples

[0156] The assessment test was adapted from the ASTM E 1053 protocol (“Standard Practice to Assess Virucidal Activity of Chemicals Intended for Disinfection of Inanimate, Nonporous Environmental Surfaces”).

[0157] Specifically, the test papers were cut into 25 mm square sections. Three sections of each of the treated papers to be tested and two sections of a reference paper were placed in sterile 100 mm diameter Petri dishes. 100 ml of the viral suspension was applied evenly to the surface of each of the paper sections to be evaluated; the inoculum was applied with 10 pL drops. The Petri dishes were covered and incubated for 5 hours at 20–22 °C in a biosafety cabinet. Then, each of the samples (3 sections of treated paper and 2 control sections) was transferred to a sterile 50 ml conical-bottom centrifuge tube (Corning, USA) containing 10 ml of sterile D / E neutralizing culture broth.

[0158] The collected samples were placed on an orbital shaker and shaken at low speed for 15 minutes. Then, one-tenth dilutions of the suspensions were made in PBS. The number of viable (infectious) virus units in the samples was determined using the Most Probable Number (MPN) method described previously.

[0159] The percentage of "viral load reduction", also referred to as the percentage of "antiviral activity", is defined as follows:

[0160] [Math.l] Viral reduction percentage = ---- x 100

[0161] with NPP the average over the evaluated samples of the Most Probable Number of Viral Infectious Units determined as described previously, at t=0 just after deposition of the inoculum (NPP0), and after a contact time of 5 hours, for the treated sample (NPPt rai té).

[0162] The reduction in viral load, expressed in log, is defined as follows:

[0163] [Math.2] Viral load reduction log = log(NPPTrait^-lo^NPPNoil Trait2)

[0164] with NPPTreated and NPPNonTreated the average over the evaluated samples of the Most Probable Number of Viral Infectious Units determined as described above after a contact time of 5 hours, respectively for a sample treated according to the invention and for the same untreated sample.

[0165] The same protocol is implemented for Adenovirus 10 using as host the cell line corresponding to ATCC VR-1504. 2. Testing of antibacterial properties

[0166] They are characterized using antibacterial testing according to standard NF EN ISO 20743:2013 - Textiles, Determination of antibacterial activity of textile products, transfer method, with Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739) strains, representative of Gram-negative bacteria, and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538) strains, representative of Gram-positive bacteria. They are characterized for an incubation time of 24 hours. Prior to the test, the control samples were sterilized for 20 minutes with steam at 121°C.

[0167] The growth value is defined as follows:

[0168] [Math.3] Growth = log(C 24 J - log( C W1 )

[0169] With C 0 h and C 24 h representing respectively the concentration of bacteria at t=Oh and after 24h of incubation expressed in CFU / mL.

[0170] The percentage reduction in bacterial load is defined as follows:

[0171] [Math.4] % bacterial reduction = x 100 3. Wet Recovery Evaluation Test

[0172] This test aims to determine the weight of the bath absorbed during the coating / surfacing step by weighing the paper before and after coating / surfacing without drying. It is expressed in grams of wet coating applied per unit area (m²) or as a weight percentage. Example 1 Compositions according to the invention

[0173] Test 1: Linseed oil combined with a styrene-acrylic copolymer dispersion

[0174] 200 g of Neocryl A-2092 are stirred using a Rayneri disperser.

[0175] Linseed oil is added to the dispersion while stirring at the rates indicated in the table below.

[0176] The resulting mixture is stirred for 5 minutes and then the stirring is stopped to observe the mixture at rest.

[0177] The mixture is picked up and applied by coating onto Kraft liner with a Braive 8pm coating bar.

[0178] The compositions tested are listed in the table below, along with their quality in terms of appearance. The appearance of the film they form on a kraft paper backing is also indicated.

[0179] [Tables] Composition 1% by weight Composition 2% by weight Composition 3% by weight Neocryl A-2092 [“ «cial] 99 98 9” Linseed oil 1 •7 Appearance of mixture No incompatibility. Single phase No incompatibility. Single phase No incompatibility. Single phase Appearance of layer on Kraft No greasy residue on the layer No greasy residue on the layer No greasy residue on the layer

[0180] Test 2: Linseed oil combined with an emulsion of acrylic copolymers

[0181] 200 g of Neocryl A-l127 are stirred using a Rayneri disperser.

[0182] Linseed oil is added to the dispersion under stirring at the rates indicated in the table below.

[0183] The resulting mixture is stirred for 5 minutes and then the stirring is stopped to observe the mixture at rest.

[0184] The mixture is picked up and applied by coating onto Kraft liner with a Braive 8pm coating bar.

[0185] The compositions tested are listed in the table below, along with their quality in terms of appearance. The appearance of the film they form on a kraft paper backing is also indicated.

[0186] [Tables2] Composition 4% by weight Composition 5% by weight Composition 6% by weight Neocryl A-1127 [%cial] 99 98 97 Linseed oil i 2 a Appearance of mixing No incompatibility. Single phase No incompatibility. Single phase No incompatibility. Single phase Appearance of coating on Kraft No greasy residue on the coating No greasy residue on the coating No greasy residue on the coating

[0187] Test 3: Linseed oil combined with a dispersion of acrylic copolymers

[0188] 200 g of Discovery SP-6200XP are stirred using a disperser Rayneri.

[0189] Linseed oil is added to the dispersion under stirring at the rates indicated in the table below.

[0190] The mixture is stirred for 5 minutes then the stirring is stopped to observe the mixture at rest.

[0191] The mixture is picked up and applied by coating onto Kraft liner with a Braive 8pm coating bar.

[0192] The compositions tested are listed in the table below, along with their quality in terms of appearance. The appearance of the film they form on a kraft paper support is also indicated.

[0193] [Tables3] Composition 7% by weight Composition 8% by weight Composition 9% by weight Decovery SP-62WJ [%cial] 99 98 97 Oil blend Appearance No incompatibility. Single phase No incompatibility. Single phase No incompatibility. Single phase Appearance Coating on Kraft No greasy residue on the coating No greasy residue on the coating No greasy residue on the coating

[0194] Test 4: Linseed oil combined with three commercial varnishes

[0195] 200 g of cationically curing UV varnish for paper substrate marketed by The Sicpa company products are agitated using a Rayneri disperser.

[0196] Linseed oil is added to the varnishes under agitation at a content of 5% linseed oil relative to the weight of the varnish.

[0197] The resulting mixture is stirred for 5 minutes and then the stirring is stopped to observe the mixture at rest.

[0198] The same protocol is followed by implementing the cationic crosslinking UV varnish for polymer substrate marketed by Sicpa instead of the cationic crosslinking UV varnish for paper substrate marketed by Sicpa, to form a second mixture.

[0199] The protocol described above is also followed by implementing Sun Flexo UV gloss CTG instead of the cationic curing UV varnish for paper substrate marketed by Sicpa, and by adding 2% linseed oil instead of 5% by weight of varnish, to form a third mixture.

[0200] The three liquid mixtures are homogeneous.

[0201] Each mixture is picked up and applied by coating onto Kraft liner with a Braive 8pm coating bar.

[0202] The drying of the three mixtures is not disturbed and the three deposits thus obtained are homogeneous non-greasy films.

[0203] In conclusion, linseed oil does not show any incompatibility with the emulsions, dispersions and varnishes tested. Example 2

[0204] Preparation of a paper treated with linseed oil and evaluation of antiviral activity

[0205] Composition 10 as indicated in the following table 4 is prepared by mixing the different compounds in water (addition of Eumulgin BA10 at 60°C then heating to 80°C), then emulsification of the mixture of linseed oil, water and Eumulgin BA10 by rapid stirring using a Rayneri disperser for a few minutes.

[0206] [Tables4] Composition: 10% by weight Linseed oil (%) 6.97 Water q.s. 100 Eumulgin BA10 (%) 0.50

[0207] The substrate considered for the treatment is a sheet of raw cotton paper free from surfacing, suitable as paper for making bank paper.

[0208] The substrate is impregnated in one pass on a sizing press with composition 10, then dried in an oven for 10 minutes at 105°C to remove the water, then left to dry at room temperature and under ambient atmosphere.

[0209] A test A is carried out.

[0210] The results of the antiviral activity, obtained as described above for the substrate treated with composition 10, are gathered in the following table 5, for an NPPo value of l.lxl06.

[0211] [Tableaux5] Test A Untreated Substrate Treatment Composition Composition 10 - Wet Resumption (%)} J - Oil Content in Paper (%) 1.94 0 Viral Load Reduction (%) (Hcov-OC43) 99.9998 97.5 Log Viral Load Reduction (Hcov-OC43) 4.14 N / A Viral Load Reduction (%) (Adenovirus 10) 99.993 99.8 Log Viral Load Reduction (Adenovirus 10) 1.44 N / A

[0212] The virucidal activity of the treated test substrate A is excellent. Example 3

[0213] Preparation of a paper treated with a commercial linseed oil-based varnish, and evaluation of antiviral and antibacterial activities

[0214] Five substrates identical to that implemented in example 2 are considered.

[0215] The oxidative drying varnish (varnish 11) used in this example is a commercial solvent-free oil varnish. Its free (unpolymerized) linseed oil content, measured by the GC / FID method after transesterification by quantification of methyl lineolenate, is 1.77% by weight relative to the total weight of the varnish.

[0216] The oxidative drying varnish is deposited on the surface of the substrates by offset printing using an IGT applicator, at a rate of 2.4 g / m2 (tests B to F).

[0217] The results of the antiviral and antibacterial activity, obtained as described above for substrates treated with varnish 11, are summarized in Tables 6 and 7, respectively. Antiviral activity is measured for an MPN0 (most probable number of viral units) of 1.4 x 10⁶ and the reduction in viral load is calculated. Antibacterial activity is measured for an inoculum concentration of 1.40 x 10⁶ CFU / mL for S. aureus and 1.41 x 10⁶ CFU / mL for E. coli, on 3 test tubes.

[0218] [Tableauxô] Trial B Trial C Trial D Trial E Trial F Untreated substrate Viral load reduction (%) 99.99999 99.99997 99.99993 >99 99999 9999999 95.9

[0219] The virucidal activity of substrates treated by offset printing with linseed oil-based varnish 11 is excellent.

[0220] [Tables?] Test Specimen Test B Test F Untreated Substrate S. aureus Growth Value (log) 1 -1.78 -4.25 1.27 (mean) 7 -4.39 -5.55 3 -5.39 -3.85 Reduction in Bacterial Load (%) 1 98.35 99.994 ■3 99.996 100.00 3 100.00 99.986 Growth Value (log) 1 -3.39 -5.00 3.11 (mean) 9 -5.00 -5.11 •s -4.00 -1.55 Reduction in Bacterial Load (%) 1 99.96 100.00 0 100.00 100.00 To 99.99 97.16

[0221] Tests B and F have bactericidal activity.

Claims

Demands

1. Use of at least one drying triglyceride-type vegetable oil having an iodine value of at least 80 g / lOO g to provide antiviral properties to a deposit formed on the surface of an inert substrate, said deposit being formed by oxidative drying.

2. Use according to claim 1 to provide virucidal properties to said deposit.

3. Use according to claim 1 or 2, said deposit being a coating covering all or part of the surface of said inert substrate.

4. Use according to any one of the preceding claims, said drying vegetable oil comprising at least 65% by weight, preferably at least 75% by weight, or even at least 85% by weight, of fatty acids selected from oleic acid, linoleic acid, alpha-linoleic acid, their esters and mixtures thereof, relative to the total weight of the drying vegetable oil.

5. Use according to any one of the preceding claims, said drying vegetable oil being selected from linseed oil, tung oil, oiticica oil, vernonia oil, poppyseed oil, pomegranate oil, calendula oil, rapeseed oil, sunflower oil, hemp oil, soybean oil, castor oil and lavender oil, in particular from linseed oil, tung oil, oiticica oil, vernonia oil, poppyseed oil, pomegranate oil, calendula oil, sunflower oil, hemp oil and soybean oil; and mixtures thereof; preferably linseed oil.

6. Use according to any one of the preceding claims, said deposit obtained after drying consisting of at least 40% by weight of said drying vegetable oil, in particular linseed oil, in particular at least 60% by weight, more particularly at least 75% by weight, or even at least 90% by weight, relative to the weight of said deposit.

7. Use according to any one of the preceding claims, said drying vegetable oil being implemented in the form of an emulsion, in particular an oil-in-water emulsion, or a solution in a solvent, in particular in the form of an emulsion.

8. Use according to any one of the preceding claims, said drying vegetable oil being implemented in an emulsion, in particular aqueous, or a dispersion, in particular aqueous, in particular containing at least one polymer binder, in particular selected from acrylic, polyurethane, styrene-acrylic binders, their copolymers and mixtures thereof.

9. Use according to any one of the preceding claims, said drying vegetable oil being implemented in the form of a varnish or an ink.

10. Use according to any one of the preceding claims, said drying vegetable oil being implemented in the form of a radical or cationic UV crosslinking varnish.

11. Use according to any one of the preceding claims, the drying vegetable oil being implemented in the form of a formulation comprising from 0.5% to 75% by weight, preferably from 1.5% to 70% by weight, more preferably from 30% to 70% and even more preferably from 40% to 70% by weight of said drying vegetable oil, in particular linseed oil, relative to the total weight of said formulation.

12. Use according to any one of the preceding claims, said drying vegetable oil being brought into contact with said inert substrate by gluing, by surfacing or by impregnation.

13. Use according to any one of the preceding claims, said deposit being formed by printing, gluing, surfacing or spraying, in particular by printing, especially of the offset, flexographic, gravure or screen printing type, preferably by offset printing.

14. Use according to any one of the preceding claims, said inert substrate being a porous substrate, in particular fibrous, in particular selected from paper or cardboard type substrates, leather, wood, a textile or a non-woven material, preferably of the paper or cardboard type.

15. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 13, said inert substrate being a non-porous substrate, in particular selected from a metallic material, a ceramic, a glass, a plastic material and a paper / plastic hybrid substrate with the plastic part on the outside.

16. Use according to any of the preceding claims to prepare a security document, in particular a banknote.

17. Use according to any one of the preceding claims, said inert substrate being paper and said drying vegetable oil, in particular linseed oil, being used at a rate of at least 0.5% by weight, preferably at least 1% by weight, more preferably at least 1.5% by weight, or even 1.5% to 2.5% by weight of drying vegetable oil, in particular linseed oil, relative to the weight of the paper.

18. Use according to any one of the preceding claims, said drying vegetable oil being implemented in combination with at least one ancillary agent, in particular selected from: ancillary biocidal agents, in particular selected from p-[(Diiodomethyl)sulfonyl]toluol, 3-iodo-2-propynylbutyl carbamate, methyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate, quaternary ammonium compounds, in particular didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DDAC), monolaurin, isothiazoline compounds or isothiazolone derivatives, chitosan or chitin derivatives, zinc zeolite, silver ions, in particular silver chloride, silver in supported particulate form and triclosan and mixtures thereof; surfactants, in particular selected from non-ionic surfactants, in particular ethoxylated;and drying agents, in particular selected from metallic salts, especially cobalt, zirconium, zinc, manganese, for example metallic salts of 2-ethylhexanoic acid, and mixtures thereof; in particular in combination with at least one additional biocidal agent, in particular at least one additional antiviral agent.

19. Use according to any one of the preceding claims, the drying vegetable oil being implemented in association with at least one safety element, in particular a marker or tracer.