Floating photovoltaic installation

Abstract

Examples present a floating photovoltaic installation allowing the production of electricity comprising a first photovoltaic module, a second photovoltaic module, a reflector and a flotation device capable of making the photovoltaic installation float, in which: each photovoltaic module comprises a photovoltaic panel and a supporting structure, distinct from the flotation device and adapted to support the photovoltaic panel; the two photovoltaic modules are oriented along the same axis and are aligned, along this axis, while being separated by a determined distance, said distance being adapted to allow the movement of an individual between the modules; and the reflector comprises two opposite ends respectively assembled to the supporting structure of the first photovoltaic module and to the supporting structure of the second photovoltaic module. Abstract figure: [Fig. 1]

Description

Title of the invention: Floating photovoltaic installation Technical field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of floating photovoltaic installations. Prior art

[0002] Photovoltaic installations are now widely used for the production of electricity. In particular, there are floating photovoltaic installations that can produce electricity on water.

[0003] Floating photovoltaic installations may in particular comprise reflective elements arranged above or on the surface of the water to reflect solar radiation and in particular the photons captured by the photovoltaic panels of the installations, with the aim of increasing the electricity generation of these installations. The radiation reflected by these reflective elements is however not always optimal.

[0004] Furthermore, the maintenance and servicing operations of floating photovoltaic installations are not necessarily easy for operators once these installations are deployed on the water.

[0005] The present disclosure at least partially improves the situations mentioned above. Summary

[0006] In this regard, a floating photovoltaic installation is proposed for producing electricity, comprising a first photovoltaic module, a second photovoltaic module, a reflector and a flotation device capable of making the photovoltaic installation float, in which: - each photovoltaic module comprises a photovoltaic panel and a supporting structure, separate from the flotation device and adapted to support the photovoltaic panel; - the two photovoltaic modules are oriented along the same axis and are aligned, along this axis, while being separated by a determined distance, said distance being adapted to allow the movement of an individual between the modules; and - the reflector comprises two opposite ends respectively assembled to the supporting structure of the first photovoltaic module and to the supporting structure of the second photovoltaic module.

[0007] According to one option, the photovoltaic panel of a module is a photovoltaic panel: - single-sided which has an upper face adapted to generate electricity by photovoltaic effect, or - bifacial which has an upper face and a lower face adapted to generate electricity by photovoltaic effect.

[0008] According to one option, the reflector is further adapted to support the weight of at least one person moving on the reflector between the two photovoltaic modules.

[0009] According to one option, the reflector is a reflective tarpaulin.

[0010] According to one option, one end of the reflector assembled to the supporting structure of a photovoltaic module is arranged so that a section of the reflector extends under the photovoltaic panel of the photovoltaic module over at least 10% of the length of the panel along the orientation axis.

[0011] According to one option, the supporting structure of the photovoltaic modules is adapted to raise the photovoltaic panel relative to the reflector.

[0012] According to one option, the supporting structures of the first and second photovoltaic modules comprise two supporting beams extending perpendicular to the orientation axis of the photovoltaic modules; and one end of the reflector is assembled to a supporting beam of the first module closest to the second module and the other end of the reflector is assembled to the supporting beam of the second module closest to the first module.

[0013] According to one option, a supporting beam of a photovoltaic module on which one end of a reflector is assembled is arranged set back relative to an edge of the photovoltaic panel extending perpendicular to the orientation axis of the module, so that a section of the reflector extends under the photovoltaic panel along this orientation axis.

[0014] According to one option, the supporting structure of a photovoltaic module comprises two feet and a panel support; each leg having a lower end assembled to a respective supporting beam and an upper end assembled to the panel support; and the photovoltaic panel is assembled on the panel support.

[0015] According to one option, the reflector is a reflective tarpaulin; one end of the reflective sheeting comprises a rod extending along the length of the reflective sheeting perpendicular to the orientation axis of the modules; and a profile shaped to a shape complementary to that of the rod extends over a specific supporting beam of a module on which one end of the reflective sheeting is assembled so that the rod is received in the profile and the end of the reflective sheeting is kept assembled to the specific supporting beam.

[0016] According to one option, the profile is formed on the specific supporting beam and constitutes therefore an integral part of the specific supporting beam; or the profile is assembled to the specific supporting beam by a fixing system.

[0017] According to one option, the reflector is a reflective tarpaulin; one end of the reflective sheeting comprises a rod extending along the length of the reflective sheeting perpendicular to the orientation axis of the modules; and the rod is assembled to a supporting beam of a module on which one end of the reflective tarpaulin is assembled by a tensioning system adapted to stretch the reflective tarpaulin.

[0018] According to one option, the photovoltaic installation comprises two rows of photovoltaic modules; - a first row of photovoltaic modules comprises the first photovoltaic module and extends substantially perpendicular to the orientation axis of the first and second photovoltaic modules; - a second row of photovoltaic modules comprises the second photovoltaic module and extends substantially perpendicular to the orientation axis of the first and second photovoltaic modules; and the opposite ends of the reflector being assembled so that the reflector extends between the two rows of photovoltaic modules.

[0019] According to one option, the reflector is configured to avoid water storage.

[0020] The photovoltaic installation options presented by the present disclosure make it possible to increase the photovoltaic production of the installations according to the prior art by cleverly arranging the reflectors making it possible to reflect the solar radiation onto the photovoltaic panels of the installation between two aligned modules or between two rows of modules. Furthermore, in certain options, the characteristics of these reflectors are such that they are suitable for supporting the weight of a person, thus making it possible to use these reflectors as a circulation path between two aligned modules and possibly between two rows of modules, in particular to allow their upkeep and maintenance.In these options, the reflector therefore has a dual function, its primary function being to reflect solar radiation to increase the generation of electrical power by the photovoltaic installation and a second function which is to create a practicable circulation path to allow the maintenance and upkeep of the photovoltaic installation by the operators. Brief description of the drawings

[0021] Other characteristics, details and advantages will appear on reading the detailed description below, and on analyzing the attached drawings, in which:

[0022] [Fig.l] schematically represents a first example of photo-installation voltaic.

[0023] [Fig.2] represents a second example of a photovoltaic installation.

[0024] [Fig.3] represents a third example of a photovoltaic installation.

[0025] [Fig.4a] represents an example of a system for assembling a reflective tarpaulin on a structure supporting a photovoltaic module.

[0026] [Fig.4b] represents another example of a system for assembling a reflective tarpaulin on a structure supporting a photovoltaic module.

[0027] [Fig.4c] represents yet another example of a system for assembling a reflective tarpaulin on a structure supporting a photovoltaic module. Description of the embodiments

[0028] A photovoltaic installation 1 capable of floating on an aquatic surface is now described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3. This surface may for example be a lake, natural or artificial, a pond, or even the surface of the sea, preferably in a location with low exposure to waves and currents, for example a port, a cove, a lagoon, etc. The photovoltaic installation 1 of the present disclosure makes it possible to facilitate the maintenance and upkeep operations of the operators on the installation while improving the efficiency of electrical production of known floating photovoltaic installations.

[0029] The photovoltaic installation 1 comprises at least two photovoltaic modules 2, a reflector 3 and a flotation device 4 capable of making the photovoltaic installation 1 float on an aquatic surface. A first photovoltaic module is referenced 2a and a second photovoltaic module is referenced 2b in Figures 1 to 3. [Fig. 3] represents an example of a photovoltaic installation 1 comprising two rows of photovoltaic modules in which a first row of photovoltaic modules comprises the first photovoltaic module 2a and a second row of photovoltaic modules comprises the second photovoltaic module 2b.

[0030] The photovoltaic modules 2 may be photovoltaic modules having a monofacial photovoltaic panel 20 or a bifacial photovoltaic panel 20.

[0031] A monofacial photovoltaic panel means a photovoltaic panel comprising an upper face adapted to generate electricity by photovoltaic effect and a lower face. The upper face of a monofacial photovoltaic panel is thus equipped with photovoltaic cells adapted to convert photons into electrical energy by photovoltaic effect. The lower face is devoid of photovoltaic cells. The upper face of the photovoltaic panel corresponds to the face of the panel intended to be oriented towards the sky. The upper face of the panel is therefore intended to receive direct solar radiation.

[0032] A bifacial photovoltaic panel 20 designates a photovoltaic panel comprising an upper face and a lower face adapted to generate electricity by photovoltaic effect. In other words, the upper face and the lower face of a bifacial photovoltaic panel 20 are equipped with photovoltaic cells adapted to convert photons into electrical energy by photovoltaic effect. The upper face of the bifacial photovoltaic panel 20 corresponds to the face of the panel intended to be oriented towards the sky and therefore intended to receive direct solar radiation. The lower face of the bifacial photovoltaic panel corresponds to the face of the panel intended to be oriented towards the aquatic surface and therefore intended to receive reflected solar radiation, for example reflected by the reflector 3.

[0033] A photovoltaic panel 20 may in particular comprise a frame 24 securing the upper face and the lower face of the panel and forming the lateral edges of the photovoltaic panel 20.

[0034] The photovoltaic panel 20 of a photovoltaic module 2 can be single-slope or bi-slope as is well known to those skilled in the art.

[0035] A photovoltaic module 2 comprises a supporting structure 21 adapted to support a photovoltaic panel 20. The supporting structure 21 may for example be made of a metal alloy or a composite material. The supporting structure 21 of a photovoltaic module is distinct from the flotation device 4 in the sense that it does not, by itself, allow the photovoltaic module to float. The supporting structure may also be adapted to raise the photovoltaic panel 20 relative to the reflector 3. The supporting structure 21 of a photovoltaic module may in particular be assembled to the frame 24 of the photovoltaic panel 20.

[0036] In examples, the flotation device 4 may comprise a flotation element 4 mechanically connected to the supporting structure 21 of a photovoltaic module 2 and making it possible to float this module. In other examples and in particular those shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the flotation device 4 is connected to the supporting structure 21 of the modules by an intermediate structure which will be detailed below. A flotation element may for example comprise a hollow frame and fixing means for being assembled to the supporting structure 21 of a photovoltaic module or for being assembled to the intermediate structure of the photovoltaic installation. In examples, a flotation element may in particular comprise a flotation tube.

[0037] As shown in Figures 1 to 3, in the photovoltaic installation 1 of the present disclosure, the two photovoltaic modules 2 are adapted to be substantially oriented along the same axis when the photovoltaic installation is deployed. The orientation axis of the modules is referenced by the arrow D in the figures.

[0038] The orientation along an axis of the two photovoltaic modules 2 here designates the fact that the planes tangent to the corresponding surfaces of the photovoltaic panels 20 of the two modules are substantially parallel when the photovoltaic installation 1 is deployed.

[0039] In examples in which the photovoltaic panels 20 of the photovoltaic modules 2 are single-slope, the axis along which the photovoltaic panels 20 of the two modules are oriented when the installation is deployed may correspond to a north-south axis, the panels being inclined so that the upper face is directed towards the south.

[0040] In other examples in which the photovoltaic panels 20 of the photovoltaic modules 2 are dual-slope, the axis along which the photovoltaic panels 20 of the two modules are oriented when the installation is deployed may correspond to an east-west direction, a portion of the upper face of the panels corresponding to one slope being oriented towards the east and the other portion corresponding to the other slope being oriented towards the west.

[0041] It is thus possible to define a first length lo of the photovoltaic modules 2 corresponding to the spreading of the photovoltaic modules 2 along the orientation axis and a second length lo2 of the photovoltaic modules corresponding to the spreading of the modules along a direction perpendicular to the orientation axis of the modules, as shown in [Fig.2].

[0042] Furthermore, and as shown in Figures 1 to 3, in the photovoltaic installation 1 of the present disclosure, the two photovoltaic modules 2a and 2b are also adapted to be substantially aligned when the photovoltaic installation 1 is deployed. The two photovoltaic modules 2a and 2b therefore form a line of two photovoltaic modules 2.

[0043] The fact that two photovoltaic modules are substantially aligned when the photovoltaic installation 1 is deployed means that the corresponding lateral edges of their respective photovoltaic panel which extend parallel to the orientation axis of the modules are aligned.

[0044] The two photovoltaic modules 2a and 2b are also separated by a distance determined according to the orientation axis of the modules. This distance is adapted to allow the movement of an individual. The determined distance may for example be greater than 50cm, greater than 1m or greater than 2m.

[0045] In examples in which the installation is intended to be deployed in Europe, the determined distance may for example be between 2 and 3m, advantageously between 2 and 2.4m.

[0046] In other examples in which the installation is intended to be deployed in the Middle East or North Africa, the determined distance may for example be between 1 and 2m, ideally between 1.3 and 1.7m.

[0047] As regards the reflector 3 of the photovoltaic installation 1, it comprises two opposite ends 31 respectively assembled to the supporting structure 21 of the first photovoltaic module 2a and to the supporting structure 22 of the second photovoltaic module 2b. In other words, the reflector 3 is attached by a first end 31 to the supporting structure of the first module 2a and is attached by a second end 31, opposite the first end 31, to the supporting structure of the second module 2b so that the reflector 3 extends between the photovoltaic modules. The reflector thus comprises an upper surface oriented towards the sky and a lower surface oriented towards the aquatic surface.

[0048] The inventors have astutely noticed that the solar radiation received at a reflector is greater in the case where the reflector extends between two photovoltaic modules as presented by the present disclosure than in another case where the reflector is positioned under the photovoltaic module, as proposed by the prior art. Indeed, in this case, the photovoltaic module itself, in particular the photovoltaic panel, provides shade to the reflector 3 so that the radiation it receives is attenuated. On the contrary, when the reflector 3 extends between the two modules, the modules create little or no shade on the reflector, so that the radiation received by the reflector is significant. In particular, the radiation received by the reflector is reflected by said reflector in order to increase the quantity of photons captured by the photovoltaic panels 20 of the modules.Consequently, increasing the radiation received by the reflector 3 makes it possible to increase its reflected radiation and therefore ultimately makes it possible to increase the quantity of photons captured by the photovoltaic panels 20 of the photovoltaic modules 2, thereby improving their electrical production capacity.

[0049] It is further understood that the exemplary embodiment of the photovoltaic installation 1 described above comprises only two photovoltaic modules aligned and oriented along the same orientation axis but that the photovoltaic installation 1 could have more than two aligned photovoltaic modules and several reflectors 3 each extending between two adjacent photovoltaic modules of the alignment. To this extent, the characteristics of the modules and of the reflector 3 presented in the present disclosure can be applied to each module 2 and to each reflector 3 of the exemplary photovoltaic installations described in the present disclosure, in particular to the modules of the rows of photovoltaic modules illustrated in [Fig. 3].

[0050] Thus, in examples, a first end 31 of a reflector 3 can be assembled to a first end 31 of the supporting structure 21 of a photovoltaic module 2 at the end of a line of photovoltaic modules 2, and can extend in a direction opposite to the other modules of the line of photovoltaic modules. In this configuration, the second end 31 of the reflector 3 is not assembled to another module, but is arranged to extend above the aquatic surface, possibly resting on this aquatic surface. It is understood that in a photovoltaic installation 1 comprising two photovoltaic modules, each of the two modules corresponds to an end module of the line so that a reflector 3 can extend from each of them in a direction opposite to the other module. This example is shown for two rows of modules in [Fig. 3] in which two reflectors 3 extend respectively from a row of photovoltaic modules in a direction opposite to the other row of modules. The fact that the reflector extends from the supporting structure 21 of an end module of the line onto the aquatic surface makes it possible to increase the generation of electricity of the photovoltaic panel 20 of the end module.In particular examples in which the photovoltaic modules 2 of the line of photovoltaic modules 2 are single-slope, as illustrated in [Fig.l], the reflector 3 advantageously extends from the supporting structure 21 of the last photovoltaic module 2 arranged at the end of the line opposite the direction in which the photovoltaic panels of the single-slope modules are oriented. In the context of [Fig.l], it would therefore be a reflector 3 extending from the supporting structure 21 of the module 2a, opposite the module 2b, onto the aquatic surface.

[0051] In examples, the reflector 3 corresponds to a reflective tarpaulin. For example, the reflective tarpaulin may be white in color. It may be woven with white thread or painted white; or it may be made of a highly reflective material. When the installation is deployed, the reflective tarpaulin is stretched between the photovoltaic modules to ensure good reflection of the solar radiation.

[0052] In examples, the reflector 3 is further adapted to support the weight of at least one person walking on the reflector between the two photovoltaic modules. Since the reflector 3 extends between two modules, it can be used as a circulation path between the modules for one or more operators. Therefore, in these examples, the reflector 3 according to the present disclosure also allows operators to easily access the photovoltaic modules when the installation is deployed. The upkeep and maintenance of the modules, in particular the photovoltaic panels 20, are therefore facilitated. In other words, in these examples, the arrangement of the reflector 3 increases the production efficiency of the photovoltaic installation 1 while facilitating its upkeep and maintenance. In examples, the reflector 3 is for example adapted to support a weight greater than 40 kg.In examples, the reflector is for example adapted to support a weight of between 40kg and 1000kg, and preferably adapted to support a weight of between 40kg and 180kg. This can be achieved by using to form the re . reflector a tarpaulin formed from a suitable material and / or obtained by a sufficiently tight weave. As a non-limiting example, a mesh canvas of the catamaran trampoline type can be used, by selecting a tight mesh to obtain a satisfactory reflection coefficient.

[0053] In examples, and as illustrated in Figures 2 and 3, one end 31 of the reflector 3 assembled to the supporting structure 21 of a photovoltaic module 2 is arranged so that a section of the reflector 3 extends under the photovoltaic panel 20 of the photovoltaic module 2 over at least 10% of the length of the photovoltaic panel 20 along the orientation axis of the module. Preferably, the end 31 of the reflector assembled to the supporting structure 21 of a photovoltaic module 2 is arranged so that a section of the reflector 3 extends under the photovoltaic panel 20 of the photovoltaic module 2 over a range of between 10 and 40% of the length of the photovoltaic panel 20 along the orientation axis of the module.This section of the reflector 3 arranged near the edge of the photovoltaic panel 20 along its length, although located under the photovoltaic panel 20, still receives significant solar radiation, unlike a section of the reflector arranged under the center of the photovoltaic panel 20 which is completely shaded. This section can therefore reflect the solar radiation that it receives so as to increase the photovoltaic production of a module 2 of the photovoltaic installation 1. It is understood that this embodiment is particularly advantageous for modules having bifacial photovoltaic panels 20 since the reflected radiation can be captured and converted into electricity by the lower face of the photovoltaic panel 20.

[0054] In preferred examples, one end 31 of the reflector assembled to the supporting structure of the first photovoltaic module 2a is arranged so that a first section of the reflector extends under the photovoltaic panel of the first photovoltaic module 2a over at least 10% of the length of the panel along the orientation axis; and the other end 31 of the reflector assembled to the supporting structure of the second photovoltaic module 2b is arranged so that a second section of the reflector, opposite the first section, extends under the photovoltaic panel of the second photovoltaic module 2b over at least 10% of the length of the panel along the orientation axis. Consequently, in these examples, a section of the reflector 3 extends under the photovoltaic panel 20 of the two modules so as to increase the photovoltaic production of the two modules of the photovoltaic installation 1.

[0055] In the examples previously described comprising a section of the reflector 3 extending under the photovoltaic panel of the module(s), it is not a question of making the reflector 3 extend over the entire length of the photovoltaic panel 20 of a module 2 since a section of the reflector 3 located under the center of the photovoltaic panel photovoltaic 20 would be almost completely shaded by the panel and would therefore benefit from almost no solar radiation, increasing the cost of the reflector 3 for gains in production that are harmed or almost harmed. On the contrary, the examples previously described propose extending a defined section of the reflector under the photovoltaic panels 20 of the modules 2, ensuring a good compromise between the cost of the reflector and the solar radiation received and reflected by the reflector 3. Furthermore, the fact that a section under the photovoltaic panel does not have a reflector also makes it possible to ensure better cooling of the photovoltaic panel by the aquatic surface during its use.

[0056] In examples, the reflector 3 is configured to avoid water storage, in particular on its upper surface. The reflector 3 may for example be configured to flow water from its upper surface to the aquatic surface. In first examples, the ends of the reflector 3 are assembled on the supporting structures of the modules 2 so that the reflector is inclined at a determined angle relative to a horizontal axis so that the water which would be on its upper surface can flow towards the aquatic surface. The determined angle may for example be between 0.001° and 10° and may advantageously be between 0.5° and 5°. In second examples, the reflector comprises a plurality of flow holes allowing the water which is on its upper surface to flow towards the aquatic surface.It is also envisaged to combine the two examples described above, that is to say to assemble the ends of the reflector 3 on the supporting structures of the modules so that the reflector is inclined and to provide drainage holes on the reflector 3. Indeed, water stagnating on the reflector leads to a reduction in its reflective character to the extent that the albedo of the water is lower than that of the reflector. The flow of water will also have the effect of carrying and removing dirt that would have accumulated on the reflector.

[0057] In examples, the supporting structure 21 of a photovoltaic module 2 is adapted to raise the photovoltaic panel 20 relative to the reflector 3, and in particular relative to one end of the reflector assembled on this supporting structure 21. The supporting structure 21 of a photovoltaic module 2 of the photovoltaic installation 1 can thus comprise, as illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 3, at least one foot 23. One end 31 of the reflector 3 could thus be assembled to a foot of the photovoltaic module. The foot 23 can for example be vertical, as shown in the figures. The foot 23 at least partly supports the photovoltaic panel 20 of the photovoltaic module 2 so that the photovoltaic panel 20 is raised relative to the reflector 3.

[0058] In first examples, an upper end of the foot 23 of the supporting structure 21 of a photovoltaic module 2 can be directly assembled to the panel photovoltaic 20, for example to the frame 24 carrying the photovoltaic panel 20.

[0059] In second examples, the supporting structure 21 of a photovoltaic module 20 may also comprise a panel support 25 assembled to an upper end of at least one foot 23 of the supporting structure 21. In these second examples, the photovoltaic panel 20 may be assembled on the panel support 25, in particular the frame 24 of the photovoltaic panel 20 may be assembled on the panel support 25, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.

[0060] In the examples shown in Figures 2 and 3, the panel support 25 assembled at the upper end of a foot 23 of the supporting structure 21 comprises a first oblique bar extending parallel to the orientation axis of the photovoltaic module 2. In the example shown, the oblique bar extends from the end of two feet 23 of the module 2 aligned along the orientation axis of the panels and is assembled to the frame of the panel 24. The oblique bar therefore advantageously has the desired inclination for the panel 20 relative to a horizontal axis. In other examples not shown, the panel support 25 assembled at the upper end of a foot 23 may comprise a horizontal bar extending perpendicular to the orientation axis of the photovoltaic module 2, for example between two feet 23 of the module 2 aligned perpendicular to the orientation axis.In later examples, the panel support 25 may comprise both the oblique bar extending from the end of two legs 23 of the module 2 aligned along the orientation axis of the panels and the horizontal bar extending from the end of two legs 23 of the module 2 aligned perpendicular to the orientation axis of the panels.

[0061] Raising the photovoltaic panel 20 relative to the reflector 3 makes it possible to reduce the shadow of the photovoltaic panel 20 on the reflector 3, and in particular on the section of the reflector 3 possibly extending under the photovoltaic panel 20. Consequently, raising the photovoltaic panels 20 relative to the reflector makes it possible to increase the efficiency of their electricity production. In examples, the foot 23 has a length adapted so that the lowest point of the photovoltaic panel 20 is arranged at least 30 cm high relative to the reflector, advantageously at least 50 cm high relative to the reflector 3.

[0062] In examples and in particular those illustrated in figures 2 and 3, the supporting structures 21 of the first 2a and the second 2b photovoltaic modules comprise two supporting beams 22 extending perpendicular to the orientation axis of the photovoltaic modules. In these examples, one end of the reflector 3 is assembled to a supporting beam 22 of the first module 2a closest to the second module 2b and the other end of the reflector 3 is assembled to the supporting beam 22 of the second module 2b closest to the first module 2a. This supporting structure 21 of a module 2 comprising the two supporting beams 22 with one end of the reflector 3 being connected to the supporting beam 22 of the first module 2a. reflector 3 assembled to a supporting beam makes it possible to define the spread of the reflector 3 along the orientation axis of the modules and in particular to define whether, and possibly to what extent, the reflector extends under the photovoltaic panel 20 of the module. In this case, by bringing the supporting beam 22 on which one end of the reflector 3 is assembled closer to the center of the photovoltaic module 2, the reflector 3 can therefore overflow under the photovoltaic panel 20 of the module 2. In other words, in examples, a supporting beam 22 of the photovoltaic module 2 on which one end of a reflector 3 is assembled can be arranged set back relative to an edge of the photovoltaic panel 20 extending perpendicular to the orientation axis of the module, so that a section of the reflector 3 extends under the photovoltaic panel 20 along this axis.In these examples, the supporting beam may be arranged set back relative to an edge of the photovoltaic panel 20 extending perpendicular to the orientation axis of the module, so that a section of the reflector 3 extends under the photovoltaic panel 20 of the photovoltaic module 2 over at least 10%, advantageously between 10 and 40%, of the length of the photovoltaic panel 20 along this orientation axis.

[0063] In additional examples in which the supporting structures 21 of the modules 2 comprise the two supporting beams 22, the supporting structure 21 of a photovoltaic module 2 may further comprise two feet 23. Each foot 23 of a photovoltaic module has a lower end assembled to a respective supporting beam of the photovoltaic module and an upper end assembled to the frame 24 of the photovoltaic panel 20, or to the panel support 25 supporting the photovoltaic panel 20 where appropriate. This supporting structure configuration is simple insofar as it makes it possible to assemble the reflector 3 and to mount the feet 23 making it possible to raise the panel 20 relative to the reflector 3 on the same mechanical element, thus reducing the cost of the photovoltaic installation 1 and facilitating its assembly. These examples are notably represented in FIGS. 2 and 3.

[0064] In examples, a foot 23 assembled at a lower end on a supporting beam 22 and assembled at an upper end to the photovoltaic panel 20, or to the panel support 25 if applicable, may extend substantially vertically in order to stiffen the supporting structure 21. In other examples, a foot 23 assembled at a lower end on a supporting beam 22 and assembled at an upper end to the photovoltaic panel 20, or to the panel support 25 if applicable, may extend at a determined angle relative to a vertical axis in a direction opposite to the supporting beam adjacent to that on which it is assembled. In these other examples, the supporting beam 22 of the module 2 assembled at one end 31 of a reflector 3 may be arranged further towards the center of the photovoltaic module along the orientation axis of the module while securely supporting the panel or by securely supporting the panel support 25 itself supporting the panel 20. Consequently, a reflector 3 of which one end 31 would extend from such a supporting beam 22 can extend further under the photovoltaic panel 20.

[0065] Furthermore, by choosing the length of the two feet 23 mounted on the supporting beams 22, the person skilled in the art can define both the elevation of the photovoltaic panel 20 relative to the reflector 3 and its inclination relative to a horizontal axis while guaranteeing a solid mounting of the photovoltaic panel on the supporting structure 21 of the module 2. Indeed, by choosing one foot 23 shorter than the other, the photovoltaic panel 20 is inclined relative to the horizontal axis.

[0066] In examples in which the modules 2a and 2b comprise a bifacial single-slope photovoltaic panel and the photovoltaic installation is intended to be deployed in Europe, the inclination of the photovoltaic panel 20 of the modules relative to a horizontal axis is between 23 and 27°. This inclination allows for efficient electrical generation of the photovoltaic installation for this geographical area.

[0067] In other examples in which the modules 2a and 2b comprise a bifacial single-slope photovoltaic panel and the photovoltaic installation is intended to be deployed in the Middle East or North Africa, the inclination of the photovoltaic panel 20 of the modules relative to a horizontal axis is between 18 and 22°. This inclination allows for efficient electrical generation of the photovoltaic installation for these geographical areas.

[0068] In other examples in which the modules 2a and 2b comprise a bifacial bi-slope photovoltaic panel, the inclination of the slopes of the photovoltaic panel 20 of the modules relative to a horizontal axis is between 8 and 12°. This inclination allows efficient electrical generation of the photovoltaic installation when the orientation axis of the modules once the installation is deployed corresponds to an east-west axis.

[0069] In other examples in which the modules 2a and 2b comprise a single-sided photovoltaic panel, the inclination of a slope of the photovoltaic panel 20 of the modules relative to a horizontal axis is greater than 30°. These examples can apply whether it is a single-slope or dual-slope photovoltaic panel. This inclination, greater than for a dual-sided photovoltaic panel, makes it possible to increase the producible of the photovoltaic installation 1 since the reflection of the solar radiation on the reflector 3 is captured more by the upper face of the photovoltaic panel generating electricity.

[0070] In examples, the photovoltaic installation 1 may comprise an intermediate structure. The intermediate structure is assembled to the flotation device 4 and is assembled to the supporting structures 21 of the photovoltaic modules of a line of photovoltaic modules 2. The intermediate structure therefore extends along the orientation axis of the aligned modules. It is arranged to ensure the alignment of the modules 2 along the orientation axis and to connect the flotation device 4 to the supporting structures 21 of the aligned modules 2 so as to allow the flotation of the line of photovoltaic modules. The intermediate structure also makes it possible to maintain a constant determined distance between the modules, despite the movement of the aquatic surface. The intermediate structure is advantageously assembled under the supporting structure 21 of the aligned modules so as to facilitate the deployment of the reflector and so as to avoid shading the reflector.

[0071] In examples, the intermediate structure of a line of photovoltaic modules may for example comprise two longitudinal members 50 extending parallel to each other along the orientation axis of the modules of the line as shown in [Fig. 3]. The longitudinal members 50 therefore ensure the alignment of the modules of the line by avoiding a relative displacement of the modules of the same line with respect to each other. In these examples, and as illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, the longitudinal members 50 are assembled on the flotation elements 4 so as to allow the line of modules to float. The intermediate structure may also comprise a bracing 51 assembled between the longitudinal members so as to keep the longitudinal members 50 parallel to each other. The bracing 51 may for example form one or more crosses between the longitudinal members 50 as shown in [Fig. 3].Furthermore, in examples where the supporting structure 21 of the photovoltaic modules 2 of the line of photovoltaic modules comprises the supporting beams 22, the supporting beams 22 can be assembled on the longitudinal members 50, perpendicular to the axis of orientation of the modules, as shown in Figures 2 and 3. In this way, the bracing is arranged at an elevation lower than that of the reflector 3 so as not to cause shading on the reflector 3, which shading could reduce the radiation received by the reflector.

[0072] In preferred embodiments illustrated in [Fig. 3], the photovoltaic installation 1 may comprise two rows of photovoltaic modules 2. A first row of photovoltaic modules comprises the first photovoltaic module 2a. A second row of photovoltaic modules comprises the second photovoltaic module 2b and faces the first row. The rows of photovoltaic modules, as shown in [Fig. 3], extend substantially perpendicular to the orientation axis of the first and second photovoltaic modules. The rows of photovoltaic modules 2 therefore extend substantially parallel to each other, perpendicular to the lines of photovoltaic modules. In this case, the rows of photovoltaic modules may correspond to a plurality of lines of photovoltaic modules, glued to each other.

[0073] In examples in which the photovoltaic installation 1 comprises the two rows of modules, the reflector 3 extends between the rows of photovoltaic modules, as shown in [Fig.3].

[0074] Consequently, in these exemplary embodiments, a reflector 3 forms a circulation path between two adjacent rows of modules in addition to reflecting solar radiation. As explained previously, this facilitates the maintenance and upkeep operations of the rows of photovoltaic modules for operators who can circulate on the reflector.

[0075] It is further understood that the embodiment of [Fig. 3] is presented for two rows of photovoltaic modules since it is an extended embodiment of the photovoltaic installation 1 comprising the first 2a and the second 2b photovoltaic modules. However, the photovoltaic installation 1 could have more than two rows of parallel photovoltaic modules and several reflectors 3 each extending between two adjacent rows of photovoltaic modules.

[0076] In the examples comprising two rows of photovoltaic modules 2, the supporting structures 21 of the first 2a and of the second 2b photovoltaic module can be partly shared with the other photovoltaic modules of their respective row.

[0077] In particular, in examples where the supporting structure 21 of a photovoltaic module comprises the supporting beams 22, these supporting beams 22 can be shared with the other photovoltaic modules of the row to which it belongs, as shown in [Fig. 3]. The supporting beams 22 are therefore the length of the row of photovoltaic modules 2, and the remainder of the supporting structure 21 of the photovoltaic modules 2 can be assembled on the supporting beams 22 common between the modules. In particular, as shown in [Fig. 3], the feet 23 supporting the photovoltaic panels 20 of the modules are assembled to the supporting beams common to the row of photovoltaic modules.In this way, the opposite ends of the reflector 3 assembled to the supporting beams 22 of the supporting structure 21 of the first 2a and second 2b photovoltaic modules are assembled on the supporting beams 22 of the first and second rows of photovoltaic modules. In particular, the opposite ends of the reflector 3 assembled to the supporting structure 21 of the first 2a and second 2b photovoltaic modules can be assembled along the length of the supporting beams 22 of the two rows of photovoltaic modules as shown in [Fig. 3] so that the reflector 3 extends along the length of these rows.

[0078] Furthermore, in examples where the supporting structure 21 of a photovoltaic module comprises a panel support 25 having a horizontal bar extending perpendicular to the orientation axis of the modules, this bar ho The horizontal bar of the panel support 25 can be shared with the modules of the row of photovoltaic modules to which it belongs. In this way, the horizontal bar of the panel support 25 can support several adjacent photovoltaic panels of the row of modules.

[0079] The examples of photovoltaic installations presented by the present disclosure therefore make it possible to increase the photovoltaic production of the installations according to the prior art by cleverly arranging the reflectors making it possible to reflect the solar radiation onto the photovoltaic panels of the installation between two aligned modules or between two rows of modules. Furthermore, in examples, the characteristics of these reflectors are such that they are suitable for supporting the weight of a person, thus making it possible to use these reflectors as a circulation path between two aligned modules and possibly between two rows of modules, in particular to allow their upkeep and maintenance.In these examples, the reflector therefore has a dual function, its primary function being to reflect solar radiation to increase the generation of electrical power by the photovoltaic installation and a second function which is to create a practicable circulation path to allow the maintenance and upkeep of the photovoltaic installation by the operators.

[0080] Three examples of a system for assembling one end of a reflective tarpaulin 3 to the supporting structure 21 of a photovoltaic module 2 are now presented with reference to FIGS. 4a, 4b and 4c in embodiments in which the supporting structure 21 of the module comprises the supporting beams 22. FIGS. 4a, 4b and 4c represent a side view of a module 2 at the level of the supporting beam 22 on which one end of the reflective tarpaulin 3 is assembled. The example assembly system 100 presented can also be used to assemble one end of a reflective tarpaulin 3 to a supporting beam 22 of a supporting structure 21 shared between modules 2 of a row of modules 2.

[0081] In the examples of Figures 4a and 4b, the assembly system may comprise a profile 221 adapted to cooperate with an end 31 of the reflective tarpaulin 3 so as to assemble the profile 221 and the end 31 of the reflective tarpaulin 3 together. The end 31 of the reflective tarpaulin may for example comprise a rod 310 extending over a length of the reflective tarpaulin perpendicular to the axis of orientation of the modules, and having a length adapted to the supporting beam 22 on which it will be assembled. The profile 221 may be shaped according to a shape and a length complementary to that of the rod 310 so that the rod 310 can be received and held in the profile 221.

[0082] In the example of [Fig.4a], the profile 221 is assembled to the supporting beam 22 of the photovoltaic module 2 by a fixing system 200, for example using a screw or a rivet. More precisely, in the example illustrated, the fixing system 200 comprises a screw 201 cooperating with a fixing nut 202. The screw 201 passes through a section of the profile 221 and a section of the supporting beam 22 before passing through the fixing nut 202 so as to allow the assembly of the profile 221 to the supporting beam 22. Therefore, when the rod 310 of the reflective tarpaulin 3 is received in the profile 221, it is assembled with the supporting beam 22 of the module 2 on which the profile 221 is assembled.

[0083] In the example of [Fig.4b], the profile 221 is directly formed on the supporting beam 22 and forms an integral part of the supporting beam. The supporting beam 22 is therefore shaped to have the profile 221. Thus, when the bead 310 of the reflective tarpaulin 3 is received in the profile, it is no longer necessary to use a fixing system assembling the profile 221 to the supporting beam 22.

[0084] It is understood that in these configurations, the profile 221, whether it is assembled on the supporting beam 22 of the module 2 as illustrated in [Fig.4a], or whether it is an integral part of the supporting beam 22 of the module 2 as illustrated in [Fig.4b], extends over the length of the supporting beam 22 of the module. Consequently, in the case of a row of photovoltaic modules having a supporting structure 21 with supporting beams 22 shared between the modules 2 of the same row, the profile 221 can extend over the length of a supporting beam 22 of the row of modules, and the length of the reflective tarpaulin perpendicular to the orientation of the modules can be adapted to the length of this profile 221 to assemble the end 31 of the reflective tarpaulin 3 to the row of modules.

[0085] It is also understood that the example assembly system of figures 4a or 4b using the cooperation of a rod 310 and a profile 221 can be used to assemble each of the ends of the reflective tarpaulin 3 on their respective supporting beam 22, whether these supporting beams 22 are those of the two photovoltaic modules 2a and 2b or those shared by the photovoltaic modules 2 of two rows of photovoltaic modules 2.

[0086] The example of a rod / profile assembly system presented is advantageous insofar as it is inexpensive and allows for easier assembly compared to systems having several different attachment points, in particular using eyelets, between the reflective tarpaulin and the supporting beam.

[0087] In the example of [Fig.4c], the assembly system comprises a tensioning system 110 and the end 31 of the reflective tarpaulin also comprises a rod 310 stretching along the length of the reflective tarpaulin 3 perpendicular to the orientation axis of the modules. The rod 310 is assembled to the supporting beam 22 by the tensioning system 110. The tensioning system 110 is adapted to tension the reflective tarpaulin, for example by bringing the rod 310 closer to the supporting beam 22 along the orientation axis of the module.

[0088] In the example shown, the tensioning system 110 comprises a profile 222 shaped to accommodate the ring 310 at a first end 222a and shaped to accommodate a screw head 223t at a second end 222b opposite the first end. The second end 222b of the profile 222 is shaped to prevent rotation of the screw head 223t in the profile 222. The screw 223 having the screw head 223t extends lengthwise along the orientation axis of the module 2 and passes through the supporting beam 22, as shown in [Fig.4c], so as to connect the profile 222 to the supporting beam 22. To this extent, when the snap ring 310 of the reflector 3 is engaged in the first end 222a of the profile 222 of the tensioning system 110, it is assembled to the supporting beam 22. The tensioning system 110 also comprises a nut 224 in contact with the supporting beam 22 and making it possible to fix the screw 223 to the supporting beam.In this case, the end 223f of the screw 223 opposite the screw head 223t from which the thread (not shown) of the screw 223 extends is engaged in the nut 224. In this way, by rotating the nut 224 towards the screw head 223t, the nut 224 comes to bear on the supporting beam 22 which approaches the profile 222 and which therefore approaches the bead 310 of the tarpaulin 3 held in this profile 222. Insofar as the determined distance between the supporting beams 22 on which the two ends of the tarpaulin 3 are respectively assembled is constant, bringing a supporting beam 22 closer to the bead 310 of the tarpaulin causes tension in the tarpaulin 3. The tension of the tarpaulin can therefore be increased until the supporting beam 22, pushed by the nut 224 when it is rotated, comes into abutment against the screw head 223t.

[0089] In the same way as previously, it is understood that the example of an assembly system having a tension system 110, in particular that of [Fig.4c] can be used to assemble each of the ends of the reflective tarpaulin 3 on their respective supporting beam 22, whether these supporting beams 22 are those of the two photovoltaic modules 2a and 2b or those shared by the photovoltaic modules 2 of two rows of photovoltaic modules 2.

Claims

Claims

1. Photovoltaic installation (1) capable of floating allowing the production of electricity comprising a first photovoltaic module (2a), a second photovoltaic module (2b), a reflector (3) and a flotation device (4) capable of making the photovoltaic installation (1) float, in which: - each photovoltaic module (2) comprises a photovoltaic panel (20) and a supporting structure (21), separate from the flotation device (4) and adapted to support the photovoltaic panel (20); - the two photovoltaic modules (2) are oriented along the same axis (D) and are aligned, along this axis (D), being separated by a determined distance, said distance being adapted to allow the movement of an individual between the modules (2);and - the reflector (3) comprises two opposite ends (31) respectively assembled to the supporting structure (21) of the first photovoltaic module (2a) and to the supporting structure (21) of the second photovoltaic module (2b), and in which the reflector (3) is a reflective tarpaulin.;

2. Photovoltaic installation according to claim 1, in which: - the photovoltaic panel (20) of a module (2) is a single-sided photovoltaic panel comprising an upper face adapted to generate electricity by photovoltaic effect; or - the photovoltaic panel (20) of a module (2) is a two-sided photovoltaic panel comprising an upper face and a lower face adapted to generate electricity by photovoltaic effect.

3. Photovoltaic installation according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the reflector (3) is further adapted to support the weight of at least one person walking on the reflector between the two photovoltaic modules (2).

4. Photovoltaic installation according to any one of the claims previous, in which one end (31) of the reflector (3) assembled to the supporting structure (21) of a photovoltaic module (2) is arranged so that a section of the reflector (3) extends under the photovoltaic panel (20) of the photovoltaic module (2) over at least 10% of the length of the panel along the orientation axis (D).

5. Photovoltaic installation according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the supporting structure (21) of the photovoltaic modules (2) is adapted to raise the photovoltaic panel (20) relative to the reflector (3).

6. Photovoltaic installation according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the supporting structures (21) of the first (2a) and second (2b) photovoltaic modules (2) comprise two supporting beams (22) extending perpendicular to the orientation axis (D) of the photovoltaic modules (2); and one end (31) of the reflector (3) is assembled to a supporting beam (22) of the first module (2a) closest to the second module (2b) and the other end (31) of the reflector (3) is assembled to the supporting beam (22) of the second module (2b) closest to the first module (2a).

7. Photovoltaic installation according to the preceding claim, in which a supporting beam (22) of a photovoltaic module (2) on which one end (31) of a reflector (3) is assembled is arranged set back relative to an edge of the photovoltaic panel (20) extending perpendicular to the orientation axis (D) of the module (2), so that a section of the reflector (3) extends under the photovoltaic panel (20) along this orientation axis (D).

8. Floating photovoltaic installation according to the preceding claim, in which the supporting structure (21) of a photovoltaic module (2) comprises two feet (23) and a panel support (24); each foot (23) having a lower end assembled to a respective supporting beam (22) and an upper end assembled to the panel support (24); and the photovoltaic panel (20) is assembled on the panel support (24).

9. Photovoltaic installation according to any one of claims 6 to 8, in which: - one end (31) of the reflective tarpaulin comprises a rod (310) stretching along the length of the reflective tarpaulin perpendicular to the orientation axis (D) of the modules (2); and - a profile (221) shaped in a shape complementary to that of the rod (310) extends over a specific supporting beam (22) of a module (2) on which one end (31) of the reflective tarpaulin is assembled so that the rod (310) is received in the profile (221) and the end (31) of the reflective tarpaulin is kept assembled to the specific supporting beam (22).

10. Photovoltaic installation according to the preceding claim, in which: - the profile (221) is formed on the specific supporting beam (22) and therefore constitutes an integral part of the specific supporting beam (22); or - the profile (221) is assembled to the specific supporting beam (22) by a fixing system (200).

11. Photovoltaic installation according to any one of claims 6 to 8, in which: - one end (31) of the reflective tarpaulin comprises a rod (310) stretching along the length of the reflective tarpaulin perpendicular to the orientation axis (D) of the modules (2); and - the rod (310) is assembled to a supporting beam (22) of a module (2) on which one end (31) of the reflective tarpaulin is assembled by a tensioning system (110) adapted to tension the reflective tarpaulin.

12. Photovoltaic installation according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising two rows of photovoltaic modules, in which: - a first row of photovoltaic modules comprises the first photovoltaic module (2a) and extends substantially perpendicular to the orientation axis (D) of the first (2a) and second (2b) photovoltaic modules; - a second row of photovoltaic modules comprises the second photovoltaic module (2b) and extends substantially perpendicular to the orientation axis (D) of the first (2a) and second (2b) photovoltaic modules; and the opposite ends (31) of the reflector (3) being assembled so that the reflector (3) extends between the two rows of photovoltaic modules.

13. Photovoltaic installation according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the reflector (3) is configured to avoid water storage.

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