Wheel cleaning system for a railway vehicle
Patent Information
- Application Number
- FR2023001629
- Authority / Receiving Office
- FR · FR
- Patent Type
- Utility models
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-02-22
- Publication Date
- 2025-02-21
- Estimated Expiration
- 2033-02-22
Smart Images
Figure 00000000_0000_ABST
Abstract
Description
Title of the invention: Wheel cleaning system for a railway vehicle technical field
[0001] The present invention relates to the field of railway vehicles and more particularly to the field of detecting the presence of a railway vehicle on a railway track.
[0002] In a known manner, with reference to [Fig. 1], a railway vehicle W comprises a plurality of railway cars V, each mounted on at least two bogies B in contact with the running rails Q1, Q2 of a railway track. A bogie B is a trolley, rotatable relative to the railway car V, which generally has one or more axles E, each axle E being mounted between two wheels RI, R2. Each wheel RI, R2 is respectively in contact with one of the running rails Q1, Q2 of the railway track, via a running surface TRI, TR2.
[0003] In order to allow a railway vehicle W to travel on a section of a railway track, it is necessary to ensure that no other railway vehicle W is present on that section. To this end, it is known to detect the presence of a railway vehicle on a section of a railway track.
[0004] In this respect, with reference to [Fig. 2], it is known to conduct an electric current Elec in the running rails Q1, Q2 between a power supply device 11 and a receiver 12, positioned on the section of railway track PVF at a given distance from each other. When no railway vehicle W is traveling on the section of railway track PVF, the current emitted by the power supply device 11 is received by the receiver 12 via the running rails Q1, Q2.
[0005] When a rail vehicle W is present on the section of railway track PVF, i.e. located between the power supply device 11 and the receiver 12 as shown in [Fig.3], the rail vehicle W creates a short circuit between the running rails Q1, Q2, also called "shunting", by circulating the electric current Elec between the running rails Q1, Q2 via the wheels RI, R2 and the axle E of the bogie B. In the presence of a rail vehicle W, the receiver 12 receives little or no electric current Elec, which allows it to detect the presence of a rail vehicle W on the section of railway track PVF.
[0006] The detection of a rail vehicle W on a section of railway track PVF also allows for the control of level crossings and therefore ensures the safety of the passengers of the rail vehicle W. In other words, it is necessary to ensure that a rail vehicle W present on a section of railway track PVF is detected in a Certain.
[0007] For the electric current Elec to flow in the wheels RI, R2 and in the axle E of the railway vehicle W, it is necessary that the electrical contact between the running surface TRI, TR2 of each wheel RI, R2 of each bogie B and the running rails Q1, Q2 be optimal, in order to allow shunting.
[0008] However, the wheels RI, R2, commonly made of metal, are subject to corrosion and therefore to the formation of deposits which can affect the electrical contact between the running tables TRI, TR2 and the running rails Q1, Q2, which can therefore affect the flow of current.
[0009] Also, to ensure optimal electrical contact between the wheels RI, R2 and the running rails Q1, Q2, there are known devices called "shunting aids" which allow the running tables TRI, TR2 to be cleaned to prevent the formation of deposits.
[0010] In this respect, a braking system is known in which a shoe is applied to the tread of a wheel with a predetermined force. During braking, the shoe cleans the tread by friction, removing the residue that has accumulated there.
[0011] A device for cleaning the table is also known in the prior art. A wheel bearing, independent of braking, scrapes the running surface for cleaning. This allows the running surface to be cleaned without braking the railway vehicle. Referring to [Fig. 4], a known cleaning device 101 comprises a scraping element 102, for each wheel R1, R2, connected to a piston 103 controlled by a power module 104 which includes one or more valves. Such valves may be controlled by a computer integrated or not into the power module 104. To apply the scraping element 102 against a running surface T1, TR2, the power module 104 supplies the piston 103, which moves the scraping element 102 against the running surface T1, TR2 to clean it.
[0012] However, in the event of a power failure of the rail vehicle, the power supply module 104 and the scraping unit 102 become inoperative, and the running surfaces TRI, TR2 are no longer cleaned. This presents a significant drawback because it can lead to a faulty electrical contact, and consequently, a failure to detect a rail vehicle on a section of track. In this case, the shunting is no longer guaranteed.
[0013] In the absence of power, it is necessary to tow the railway vehicle to move it to a maintenance location. This is generally achieved by escorting the railway vehicle with specific towing vehicles that then provide the shunting function. Otherwise, it is necessary to set up A specific procedure is needed to monitor sensitive areas. For example, it is necessary to request agents to monitor level crossings and ensure their safety.
[0014] The invention thus aims to eliminate at least some of these drawbacks by proposing a system for cleaning a wheel tread of a railway vehicle which makes it possible to ensure the detection of the presence of a railway vehicle on a section of railway track, even in the event of a power failure. PRESENTATION OF THE INVENTION
[0015] The invention relates to a cleaning system for a wheel tread of a railway vehicle, the cleaning system comprising: • a scraping device configured to come into contact with the bearing table, • a guide element configured to guide the scraping element between a scraping position, in which the scraping element is in contact with the bearing table, and a standby position in which the scraping element is away from the bearing table, • an elastic constraint element configured to continuously exert a constraining force to constrain the scraping element in the scraping position, • an actuation device configured to be powered by a power source from the railway vehicle, the actuation device being configured to generate a holding force opposing the strain force as long as the power source is active, so as to keep the scraper in the standby position.
[0016] The cleaning system according to the invention allows the scraper element to be positioned by default in contact with the wheel's running surface, thanks to the constraint force that the elastic constraint element permanently applies to the scraper element. In other words, in the cleaning system according to the invention, in order for the scraper element not to be in contact with the wheel's running surface, the drive element must be activated and powered by the energy source in order to generate the retention force, which opposes the constraint force. In the event of a power supply failure, the actuation device is deactivated and the scraper element is automatically placed in contact with the wheel. Furthermore, the cleaning system according to the invention ensures that the wheel's running surface is scraped, thereby ensuring electrical contact between the wheel and the running rail of a railway track.In other words, thanks to the invention, the cleaning of the wheels of the railway vehicle is guaranteed even when the electrical network of the railway vehicle is not functioning. roviaire is out of service for example, unlike prior art systems.
[0017] Preferably, the scraping member is made of cast iron, allowing efficient cleaning by means of a robust member.
[0018] In one embodiment, the actuation device is electrically controllable. This allows the power supply to the actuation device to be stopped simply and quickly to control the wheel cleaning when necessary.
[0019] Preferably, the elastic constraint member is a spring, allowing the scraping member to be constrained in the scraping position by means of a simple and effective mechanical element.
[0020] In a preferred embodiment, the elastic constraint element is configured to apply a constraint force of less than 10,000 kg·m / s², thereby limiting any risk of damage to the wheel when the cleaning system is applied to the running surface. Preferably, the elastic constraint element is configured to apply a constraint force of less than 5,000 kg·m / s², thereby ensuring the wheel's service life, even when a cleaning system according to the invention is in use.
[0021] Preferably, the elastic stress member is configured to apply a stress force between 500 kg·m / s² and 5000 kg·m / s², ensuring that the scraper is in good contact with the wheel and cleans it effectively, while also ensuring that neither the scraper nor the wheel is damaged during the application of the system to the running surface. Such a stress force ensures that the residues deposited on the running surface are reliably removed.
[0022] Preferably, the retention force is greater than the stress force, so as to ensure that it opposes the stress force of the elastic stress member when the actuation device is activated.
[0023] In a first embodiment, the actuation device is a pneumatic actuation device, making use of the pneumatic circuit already present on the railway vehicle. The pneumatic circuit already present on the railway vehicle can advantageously be used as is or with minimal modifications, which allows the cleaning system to be integrated onto a railway vehicle easily and at a lower cost.
[0024] In a second embodiment, the actuation device is an electric motor, allowing the cleaning system to be added to existing vehicles that cannot be modified or when the fluid circuit present in the railway vehicle is not available, for example.
[0025] In a third embodiment, the actuation device is a device Hydraulic actuation allows the use of an existing hydraulic circuit on the rail vehicle. This existing hydraulic circuit can be used as is, or with minimal modifications, making it easy and cost-effective to integrate the cleaning system into the rail vehicle.
[0026] In a fourth embodiment, the actuation device is an electromagnet, which allows operation on the basis of an electrical network present on the railway vehicle or autonomously.
[0027] Preferably, the cleaning system includes an application element capable of depositing a more or less significant layer of a conductive element on the running surface, thereby improving the electrical contact between the wheel and the running rail.
[0028] The invention also relates to a railway vehicle comprising at least one railway car comprising at least one system for cleaning a wheel tread as described above.
[0029] Preferably, a cleaning system is present on each wheel connected to the same axle of the railway vehicle, which improves the electrical contact between the two wheels and respectively each running rail of a railway track, which advantageously ensures the generation of the short circuit caused by a shunting device, known to the person skilled in the art.
[0030] Preferably, the railway vehicle comprising two bogies mounted at each front and rear end of the railway vehicle, each bogie comprising at least one axle, each axle of each bogie of the railway vehicle is equipped with the cleaning system as described above, so as to ensure shunting at the front and rear of the railway vehicle.
[0031] In one embodiment, each bogie of the railway vehicle comprising two axles, each axle of each bogie is equipped with the cleaning system as described above, so as to ensure effective cleaning on each wheel of the railway vehicle and thus ensure shunting on each wheel at the front and rear of the railway vehicle.
[0032] Finally, the invention relates to a method of using a cleaning system as described above, the elastic constraint element continuously exerting a constraint force to hold the scraping element in the scraping position, the actuation device being powered by an active energy source from the railway vehicle, the actuation device generating a retention force opposing the constraint force so as to maintain the scraping element in the standby position, the method includes a step of deactivating the energy source so as to stop the retention force in order to automatically move the scraping device in the scraping position. PRESENTATION OF THE FIGURES
[0033] The invention will be better understood upon reading the following description, given by way of example, and referring to the following figures, given by way of non-limiting examples, in which identical references are given to similar objects.
[0034] Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of a railway vehicle comprising a plurality of railway cars.
[0035] Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of the flow of an electric current in a system for detecting a railway vehicle on a section of railway track, when no railway vehicle is present on the section of railway track.
[0036] Fig. 3 is a schematic representation of the flow of electric current in a system for detecting a railway vehicle on a section of railway track, when a railway vehicle is present on the section of railway track.
[0037] Fig. 4 is a schematic representation of a prior art wheel cleaning system.
[0038] Fig. 5 is a schematic representation of a wheel cleaning system according to a first embodiment of the invention, in which no electrical power supply is activated.
[0039] Fig. 6 is a schematic representation of the cleaning system of Fig. 5, in which a power supply is activated.
[0040] Fig. 7 is a schematic representation of a wheel cleaning system according to a second embodiment of the invention.
[0041] Fig. 8 is a schematic representation of a wheel cleaning system according to a third embodiment of the invention.
[0042] It should be noted that the figures set out the invention in detail to implement the invention, said figures being of course able to serve to better define the invention where appropriate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0043] With reference to [Fig. 1], in a known manner, a railway vehicle W comprises a plurality of railway cars V, each mounted on one or more bogies B in contact with the running rails Q1, Q2 of a railway track. A bogie B is a trolley, rotatable relative to the railway car V, which allows the railway vehicle W to travel on a curved section of track. The bogie B has an axle E mounted between two wheels R1, R2, each wheel R1, R2 being respectively in contact with one of the running rails Q1, Q2 of the railway track, via a TRI, TR2 running board. For simplicity, the railway vehicle W shown in [Fig. 1] comprises two railway cars V, however it is understood that the railway vehicle W can comprise a different number of railway cars V. Similarly, railway cars V are shown in which each bogie B comprises a single axle E, however it is understood that each bogie B could just as easily comprise a different number of axles E, in particular two axles E.
[0044] In this example, with reference to [Fig. 5], a cleaning system 1 for the wheel treads TRI, TR2 of the wheels RI, R2 connected to the same axle E of a railway car V is shown in order to achieve optimal shunting. In this example, the cleaning system 1 is configured to simultaneously clean the two wheels RI, R2 of the same axle E. It is understood that the invention also applies to a cleaning system 1 that cleans the wheel treads TRI, TR2 of the wheels RI, R2 sequentially or to a cleaning system 1 for cleaning a single wheel tread TRI, TR2. For the sake of clarity and conciseness, only the cleaning of the wheel tread TRI of the first wheel RI will be presented here, the cleaning of the wheel tread TR2 of the second wheel R2 being analogous.
[0045] According to the invention, the cleaning system 1 comprises, for cleaning each wheel RI, R2, a scraping member 2, a guiding member 3 of the scraping member 2, an elastic constraint member 4 and an actuation device 5.
[0046] The scraping element 2 is configured to conform to the shape of a wheel tread RI so as to clean it optimally. In this example, as shown in [Fig. 5], the scraping element 2 is in the form of a brake shoe used in the railway sector. As such, the scraping element 2 has a T-shaped form comprising a proximal end 21, configured to be in contact with the wheel tread TRI of the wheel RI, and an opposing distal end 22. Preferably, the scraping element 2 is made of cast iron, so as to be sufficiently robust to withstand friction against the wheel tread TR. Such a scraping element 2 in the form of a brake shoe is known to those skilled in the art, and its structure will not be described in further detail in this document. It is understood that the scraping element 2 could have different forms.
[0047] The scraper 2 is configured to be in contact with the bearing table TRI of the wheel RL. To achieve this, the scraper 2 is configured to move between a scraping position PR (shown in [Fig. 5]), in which the scraper 2 is in contact with the bearing table TRI, and a standby position PA (shown in [Fig. 6]), in which the scraper 2 is away from the bearing table TRI. In other words, in the standby position PA, the scraper 2 is not in contact with the wheel RL.
[0048] To allow the evolution of the scraping member 2 between the scraping position PR and the waiting position PA, it is mechanically connected to a guiding member 3.
[0049] The guide member 3 is preferably in the form of an actuator, for example a cylinder. As such, the guide member 3 has a cylindrical shape and comprises a first chamber 31 and a second chamber 32 separated by a piston 33. In this example, the distal end 22 of the scraper member 2 is mounted in the first chamber 31 and is mechanically connected to the piston 33, so as to move the scraper member 2 closer to or further from the wheel RI depending on the position of the piston 33 in the cylinder.
[0050] With further reference to [Fig. 5], the cleaning system 1 includes an elastic constraint element 4 configured to exert a constraint force Fl on the scraper element 2 and to position it in the scraper position PR. In other words, the elastic constraint element 4 is configured to permanently push the scraper element 2 against the bearing table TRI of the wheel RI.
[0051] Preferably, the elastic constraint member 4 is mounted in the second chamber 32 of the guide member 3. Also, the elastic constraint member 4 is configured so that, in a rest state REP, it places the piston 33 in a position between the two chambers 31, 32 which allows the scraper member 2 to be in the scraper position PR, that is to say, to be in contact with the rolling table TRI.
[0052] Preferably, the elastic constraint element 4 is in the form of a spring. Preferably, such a spring has a tension of less than 10,000 kg·m / s². Even more preferably, the spring tension is less than 5,000 kg·m / s². In this example, the spring tension is between 500 and 5,000 kg·m / s², so that the scraper element 2 applies sufficient force against the wheel tread TRI of the wheel RI to scrape it while limiting any risk of damage. In other words, in this example, the elastic constraint element 4 is configured to exert a constraint force Fl on the scraper element 2, in the scraping position PR, of between 500 and 5,000 kg·m / s².
[0053] The cleaning system 1 further includes an actuation device 5 connected to the guide member 3 to move the scraping member 2.
[0054] The actuation device 5 is powered by an energy source En from the railway vehicle W and is configured to exert a holding force F2 opposing the constraining force Fl applied by the elastic constraining member 4, so as to maintain the scraping member 2 in standby position PA as long as the energy source En is active.
[0055] Preferably, the retention force F2 is greater than the strain force Fl, which ensures that it opposes the strain force Fl of the elastic strain member 4 when the actuation device 5 is activated, thus allowing to ensure the distance of the scraping element 2 from the RI wheel.
[0056] In practice, in this example, when supplied with energy En, the actuation device 5 is configured to move the scraper 2 away from the wheel's bearing TRI and thus compress the elastic constraint 4. Therefore, as shown in [Fig. 6], when the actuation device 5 is supplied with energy, the holding force F2 is greater than the constraint force Fl in order to maintain the scraper 2 in the standby position PA, the elastic constraint 4 being then overstressed. This will be referred to hereafter as a constrained state CONT of the elastic constraint 4. In this example, the actuation device 5 is configured to move the piston 33 of the guide member 3 so as to place the scraper 2 in the standby position PA.
[0057] When the actuation device 5 is not powered, it is configured to apply no retention force F2 (or a force less than the strain force Fl) on the elastic strain member 4, which is then in the rest state REP. The elastic strain member 4 applies a strain force Fl to ensure cleaning even in the absence of power (degraded operating conditions).
[0058] Thanks to the elastic constraint element 4, the scraping element 2 of the cleaning system 1 according to the invention is applied by default (i.e., without any electrical power supply and without any mechanism to be actuated) against the wheel tread TRI of the wheel RI and acts as a return spring. In other words, even in the event of a power failure to the rail vehicle W, for example, the cleaning system 1 according to the invention provides shunting assistance which improves the detection of a rail vehicle W on a section of track PVF, unlike the prior art system.
[0059] The actuation device 5 can be controlled, for example via a computer 9, which allows the supply to be stopped and thus a cleaning to be ordered if necessary (nominal operating conditions).
[0060] In one embodiment, the computer 9 is a cyclic control generator, which allows, even when the actuation device 5 is powered, the power supply to be periodically stopped for a predetermined duration, for example. Such a cyclic power supply makes it possible to periodically apply the scraping element 2 of the running table TRI, so as to clean the wheel RI and thus facilitate shunting.
[0061] According to various embodiments, the actuation device 5 allows the guiding element 3 to be controlled mechanically (pneumatically, hydraulically) or electrically, to allow the scraping element 2 to be placed in the standby position PA. In other words, the energy source En that powers the actuation device 5 can be electrical or mechanical energy.
[0062] In a first embodiment, shown in [Fig. 5], the actuation device 5 is a pneumatic actuation device for a cylinder. As such, the actuation device 5 comprises, in this example, an air line 51 connected, on the one hand, to a pressurized air source 52 (reservoir, compressor, or other) and, on the other hand, to the first chamber 31 of the guide member 3. The actuation device 5 also comprises a control member 53 (in particular, a controllable valve) for the circulation of an airflow from the pressurized air source 52 in the air line 51, the control member 53 being controllable by the computer 9.The actuation device 5 is thus configured, when powered, to fill the first chamber 31 of the guide member 3 with pressurized air, thereby generating the retention force F2 and opposing the stress force Fl applied by the elastic stress member 4. The actuation device 5 is thus configured to push the piston 33 so as to move the scraper member 2 away from the bearing table TRI.
[0063] Alternatively, the actuation device 5 can be a hydraulic actuation device for the cylinder, in which the pressurized air source 52 is a pressurized water source. The pressurized water is introduced into the first chamber 31 of the guide member 3 so as to generate the holding force F2 and thus push the piston 33 to move the scraper member 2 away from the bearing table TRI. Any pressurized fluid could be suitable for the actuation device 5.
[0064] In a second embodiment, shown in [Fig. 7], the actuation device 5 is an electromagnet. The electromagnet is preferably mounted in the guide member 3 and is configured, when electrically powered, to attract the scraper member 2, which causes the elastic constraint member 4 to contract, moving the scraper member 2 away from the rolling surface TRI. In [Fig. 7], the electromagnet corresponding to the energy source En is inactive, and the scraper member 2 is in the scraping position PR.
[0065] In a third embodiment, shown in [Fig. 8], the actuation device 5 is an electric motor connected to the guide member 3. In this embodiment, the electric motor is configured to directly move the piston 33 so as to drive the scraper member 2 into the standby position PA. In [Fig. 7], the electric motor, corresponding to the energy source En, is active and the scraper member 2 is in the standby position PA.
[0066] In one embodiment shown in [Fig. 5], as described above, the cleaning system 1 is configured to simultaneously clean the wheel treads TRI, TR2 of the two wheels RI, R2 of the same axle E. In this embodiment, two scraping members 2 are connected respectively to two guide members 3. Preferably, the two guide members 3 are connected to a same actuation device 5. In this example, in which the actuation device 5 is a pneumatic actuation device of a cylinder, the actuation device 5 comprises a first pipe 51 connecting the pressurized air source 52 to the first guide member 3 and a second pipe 51 connecting the pressurized air source 52 to the second guide member 3.
[0067] In one embodiment, with reference to [Fig. 5], the cleaning system 1 includes an auxiliary actuating member 6 that allows the scraping member 2 to be manually positioned in the standby position PA. In the event of a power supply failure En, the auxiliary actuating member 6 allows the scraping member 2 to be moved away from the wheel RI, thereby limiting wear on the cleaning system 1 and the wheel RI by preventing continuous contact. By way of example, the auxiliary actuating member 6 is in the form of a spring.
[0068] Preferably, with reference to [Fig. 7], the cleaning system 1 includes a control element 7 for the position of the scraping element 2. The control element 7 is preferably mounted on the guide element 3. Even more preferably, the control element 7 is mounted on the piston 33. In this example, the control element 7 is in the form of a sensor configured to activate when the scraping element 2 is in contact with the running surface TRI, for example, an electrical switch. Such a control element 7 ensures, when necessary, that the scraping element 2 is in the scraping position PR, thus providing shunt assistance for the detection of the rail vehicle W on a section of track PVF.It goes without saying that the control element 7 could take a different form, for example as a position sensor mounted at the distal end 22 of the scraping element 2 or even as a magnetic actuator sensor.
[0069] In a preferred embodiment, as shown in [Fig. 5], the cleaning system 1 comprises an application element 8 adapted to deposit a more or less substantial layer of a conductive element onto the running surface TRI. Such an application element 8 is preferably mounted on the scraping element 2. Also, when the scraping element 2 is in contact with the running surface TRI, the application element 8 is configured to deposit a layer of conductive material, so as to improve the electrical contact of the wheel RI. The application element 8 is, for example, in the form of a metal, composite, or sintered plate.
[0070] Preferably, the cleaning system 1 also advantageously generates a micro-facetisation of the TRI running surface, which improves the electrical contact between the wheel RI and the running rail Q1 by increasing the contact area.
[0071] A method of using the cleaning system 1 described above will now be described according to an implementation of the invention, with reference to figures 5 and 6.
[0072] In this example, as shown in [Fig. 6], the energy source En is initially active, and the cleaning system 1 is thus initially electrically powered. In other words, the actuation device 5 generates a holding force F2 which opposes the strain force Fl of the elastic strain member 4, which is in the strained state CONT. The scraping member 2 is therefore initially in the standby position PA.
[0073] The process includes a first step El of deactivating the energy supply source En of the cleaning system 1. Such deactivation can be either voluntary to allow a desired cleaning of the wheel tread TRI of the wheel RI (for example via a command from the computer 9), or involuntary, for example due to a power supply failure of the railway vehicle W. In this step, the retention force F2 which initially opposed the stress force Fl of the elastic stress member 4 is thus stopped.
[0074] As shown in [Fig. 5], due to the deactivation of the energy source En, the elastic constraint member 4 relaxes and moves to the rest position REP, which automatically drives the scraper member 2 and places it in contact with the running surface TR of the wheel R, thus in the scraping position PR. The scraper member 2 then scrapes the running surface TRI, which cleans the wheel RI and thus improves the electrical contact with the running rail Ql.
[0075] When operating on a section of track where an electric current is used to detect the presence of a railway vehicle by means of a short circuit between the running rails, also known as "shunting," the cleaning system according to the invention ensures effective scraping of the railway vehicle's wheel treads, even in the event of a power failure. Thus, thanks to the invention, even when the railway vehicle is not powered, for example, electrically, its presence on a section of track can be effectively detected. This is particularly advantageous when the railway vehicle is being towed following a power failure.
Claims
Claims
1. Cleaning system (1) for a rolling table (TRI) of a wheel (RI) of a railway vehicle (W), the cleaning system (1) comprising: • a scraping member (2) configured to come into contact with the rolling table (TRI), • a guide member (3) configured to guide the scraping member (2) between a scraping position (PR), in which the scraping member (2) is in contact with the rolling table (TRI) and a waiting position (PA) in which the scraping member (2) is spaced from the rolling table (TRI), • an elastic constraint member (4) configured to permanently exert a constraint force (Fl) to constrain the scraping member (2) in the scraping position (PR), • an actuating device (5) configured to be powered by a power source (En) of the railway vehicle (W),the actuating device (5) being configured to generate a retention force (F2) opposing the constraint force (Fl) as long as the energy source (En) is active, so as to maintain the scraping member (2) in the waiting position (PA).,
2. A cleaning system (1) according to claim 1, wherein the elastic constraint member (4) is a spring.
3. Cleaning system (1) according to one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the elastic constraint member (4) is configured to apply a constraint force (Fl) of less than 10000 kg. m / s2.
4. Cleaning system (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the actuating device (5) is a pneumatic actuating device.
5. Cleaning system (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the actuating device (5) is an electric motor.
6. Cleaning system (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the actuating device (5) is a hydraulic actuating device.
7. Cleaning system (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, in
8.
9.
10. wherein the actuating device (5) is an electromagnet. Cleaning system (1) according to one of claims 1 to 7, comprising an application member (8) of a layer of a conductive element on the rolling table (TRI). A railway vehicle (W) comprising at least one railway car (V) comprising at least one cleaning system (1) for a running surface (TRI) of a wheel (RI) according to one of claims 1 to 8. A method of using a cleaning system (1) according to one of claims 1 to 8, the elastic constraint member (4) permanently exerting a constraint force (Fl) to constrain the scraping member (2) in the scraping position (PR), the actuating device (5) being powered by an energy source (En) of the railway vehicle (W) which is active, the actuating device (5) generating a retention force (F2) opposing the constraint force (Fl) so as to maintain the scraping member (2) in the waiting position (PA), the method comprises a step consisting of deactivating (El) the energy source (En) so as to stop the retention force (F2) in order to automatically move the scraping member (2) into the scraping position (PR).