Single-layer coating

Abstract

The present invention relates to a coating (3) for a household article on a metallic support (2) in contact by one of its faces (3a) with the metallic substrate (2) and visible to the user by its face (3b), which coating comprises one or more layers, each comprising one or more polyarylether ketone(s) (PAEK) and at least one of these layers being constituted(s): - of a PEAK-based polymeric phase; - of one or more filler(s); - optionally of one or more additive(s); - optionally of one or more coloring agent(s). Figure for abbreviation: Figure 1

Description

Title of the invention: Single-layer coating FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0001] The field of the invention is that of household articles which are heated or can be heated, in particular kitchen articles, comprising an element coated with a coating according to the invention. STATE OF THE ART

[0002] In the field of household articles, in particular that of cookware, the coatings applied to substrates, most often metallic (aluminum, aluminum casting, stainless steel, cast steel, etc.) are of various types.

[0003] Concerning more specifically the inner faces of these household items, PTFE-type fluorinated resin-based coatings have been known for more than 50 years, prized for their excellent non-stick and cleanability properties, thermal stability and chemical resistance to various foods. However, the inherent weakness of PTFE is its ductility which leads to coatings that are easy to mark, scratch, and wear with metal utensils (spatulas, forks, spoons, blender feet, etc.).

[0004] Organic polymer undercoats are known in the prior art of cookware, however only described to improve the scratch resistance of "soft" coatings based on fluoropolymers such as PTFE. Furthermore, in most cases, the described process requires double curing, bringing the thermostable polymer beyond its melting point before cooling and applying the fluorocoats, which remains very expensive.

[0005] In application WO 2000 / 54895, mention is made of the use of a sub-layer composed solely of oxy-1,4-phenylenephenylene-oxy-1,4-phenylene carbonyl 1,4-phenylene, PEEK (with particle sizes between 5 pm and 100 pm, and with a d50 preferably of 20 pm) deposited on a metal substrate, with a coverage of between 60% and 95% of the surface of the article and then covered with a non-stick coating in mono- or multi-layer, based on fluorinated resins and fluorinated copolymers. The PEEK sub-layer is deposited either by pad printing or screen printing, or by spray in the form of dispersion.

[0006] The thickness of this PEEK layer is between 5 pm and 100 pm.

[0007] The disadvantage of the process as described is that it requires a double curing of the PEEK-based fluorinated coating. The first curing requires a temperature higher than the melting point of the polymer making up the underlayer (i.e. between 380 and 400°C for PEEK) in order to allow its adhesion to the metal substrate. It is necessary then cool the article strongly, which is very costly in time and energy, but essential to be able to apply the successive fluorinated layers which will be sintered during a second high temperature firing (> 420°C).

[0008] Polymers such as polyaryletherketones (PAEK) and in particular oxy-1,4-phenylenephenylene-oxy-1,4-phenylene carbonyl 1,4-phenylene or PEEK, are used in advanced applications for their thermal, mechanical and chemical resistance properties, for example in aeronautics and health.

[0009] This type of polymer is commercially available in the form of granules and powders resulting from the grinding of these granules. These powders can then be dispersed in aqueous or solvent-based liquid coating formulas, to be applied by spraying (spraying), roller coating, etc.

[0010] Electrostatic spraying of PEEK in powder form is also possible, and described. This technique has the advantage of considerably limiting overspray since the negatively charged metal substrate will attract the positively charged polymer powder. This approach, however, requires a very technical and specialized setup. The metal substrate must either be grounded throughout the article manufacturing process to prevent the powder from peeling off, or be heated to a temperature above the melting point of the polymer. It is therefore an expensive technique. Statement of the invention

[0011] The present invention proposes an alternative to coatings based on predominantly PTFE with a view to obtaining good resistance to mechanical wear of the coatings, in particular by kitchen utensils for culinary articles and thus improving the durability of their mechanical resistance, in particular when hot and / or their cleanability, in order to extend the life of the article.

[0012] To overcome the weaknesses of PTFE type coatings, the invention provides a coating comprising one or more PAEKs in all its layers as a high performance thermoplastic polymer, in combination with one or more other polymers, different from PAEK, in at least one of its layers.

[0013] These other polymers are used to provide additional performance to the PAEK polymer. This can be: - One or more fluorocarbon resins: these secondary polymers remain interesting for providing a good level of non-stick properties for certain applications such as pans; - Another aromatic thermoplastic polymer, such as PES (Polyethersulfone): its glass transition temperature, much lower than that of PEAK, makes it possible to improve the film formation of the coating, which improves adhesion to the substrate; - One or more organopolysiloxane polymer(s): these polymers remain interesting for providing ductility to the coating and promoting its ability to be stretched and stamped; - Another heterocyclic thermoplastic polymer. Summary of the invention

[0014] A first object of the invention relates to a coating (3) for a household article on a metal support (2) in contact by one of its faces (3a) with the metal substrate (2) and visible to the user by its face (3b), which coating comprises

[0015] or several layers, each comprising one or more polyarylether ketone(s) (PAEK) and at least one of these layer(s) being made up of

[0016] - at least 70% by weight of a polymeric phase, consisting of: • at least 50%, by weight of one or more polyarylether ketone(s) (PAEK), the remainder being chosen from the group consisting of one or more organopolysiloxane polymer(s), one or more aromatic thermoplastic polymer(s) other than PAEK, one or more heterocyclic thermoplastic polymer(s), and mixtures thereof, and optionally one or more fluorocarbon resin(s); or • at least 50%, by weight of one or more polymer(s) chosen from the group consisting of aromatic thermoplastic polymers other than PAEK, heterocyclic thermoplastic polymers, organopolysiloxane polymers and their mixtures, the remainder consisting of one or more polyarylether ketone(s) (PAEK), and optionally one or more fluorocarbon resin(s);

[0017] - one or more charge(s);

[0018] - possibly one or more additive(s);

[0019] - optionally one or more coloring agent(s),

[0020] or a monolayer consisting of:

[0021] - at least 70% by weight of a polymeric phase, consisting of: • at least 50%, by weight of one or more polyarylether ketone(s) (PAEK), the remainder being chosen from the group consisting of one or more aromatic thermoplastic polymer(s) other than PAEK, one or more heterocyclic thermoplastic polymer(s), and mixtures thereof, and optionally one or more fluorocarbon resin(s); or • at least 50%, by weight of one or more polymer(s) chosen from the group consisting of aromatic thermoplastic polymers other than PAEK, heterocyclic thermoplastic polymers, and mixtures thereof, remainder consisting of one or more polyarylether ketone(s) (PAEK), and optionally one or more fluorocarbon resin(s);

[0022] - one or more charge(s);

[0023] - possibly one or more additive(s);

[0024] - optionally one or more coloring agent(s).

[0025] Another subject of the invention relates to a coated heating element (1) for a household article, comprising a metal substrate (2) coated on at least one face (2a) with a coating according to the invention, in contact by one of its faces (3a) with the metal substrate (2) and visible to the user by its face (3b).

[0026] The invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a coated heating element (1) according to the invention comprising the following successive steps:

[0027] i. Providing a metal substrate (2) having a face (2a),

[0028] ii. Optionally, prior treatment of the face (2a) of said metal substrate (2) intended to be coated,

[0029] iii. Application of the layer(s) of coating (3) on the face (2a),

[0030] iv. Cooking the element obtained in step iii.

[0031] The invention also relates to a household article comprising a coated heating element (1) according to the invention, characterized in that it is a culinary article and in that the face (3b) of the coating according to the invention is capable of receiving food, as well as an electrical cooking appliance comprising a coated heating element (1) according to the invention and a heating source configured to heat said coated heating element (1). DEFINITIONS

[0032] By the term "layer" or "coating", it is necessary to understand within the meaning of the present invention a continuous or discontinuous layer. A continuous layer (or also called monolithic layer) is a single whole forming a total flat area completely covering the surface on which it is placed. A discontinuous layer (or non-monolithic layer) may comprise several parts which are not therefore a single whole.

[0033] The term "base coat" means all the coats from the first coat applied directly to the support (it is preferable that this coat adheres well to the support and provides all its mechanical properties to the coating: hardness, scratch resistance) to the last coat applied before the first coat of decoration, when it is present.

[0034] The term "finishing layer" or "finish" means a continuous and transparent surface layer, this layer allowing perfect visibility of the decorative layer while protecting it from mechanical attack and giving the coating its non-stick properties. Preferably, the last finishing layer is intended to be in contact with food.

[0035] The term "decor" or "decorative layer" means one or more continuous or discontinuous layers comprising a pigment composition. The decor may be in the form of one or more patterns, of one or more colors. A decor is clearly visible to the user with the naked eye and at a conventional distance from the household item.

[0036] "Overlapping layers" means partially or completely superimposed layers. These layers may be in the form of partially overlapping patterns, for example concentric discs.

[0037] “Adjacent layers” means non-overlapping layers. These layers may be in the form of identical or different non-overlapping patterns, preferably uniformly distributed.

[0038] The term "temperature reference pigment composition" means a composition comprising a pigment which, at a given temperature, makes it possible to indicate to the user that the optimum usage temperature has been reached. This indication is made by comparing the colours of the thermochromic pigment composition and the temperature reference pigment composition. Either the optimum usage temperature is reached when the colours are identical, or the optimum usage temperature is reached when the colours are visually very different.

[0039] The “temperature reference pigment composition” may comprise a pigment which has:

[0040] - the same color as the thermochromic pigment composition at the temperature optimal use,

[0041] * either because this pigment has the same color at room temperature as the thermochromic pigment composition at the optimum operating temperature and does not change color with temperature,

[0042] * either because this pigment has a different color at room temperature of that of the thermochromic pigment composition which evolves to the same color as the thermochromic pigment composition at the optimal use temperature,

[0043] - a color very different from that of the thermochromic pigment composition at the optimal temperature of use, whether this pigment changes color or not with the evolution of the temperature.

[0044] The optimum use temperature can be achieved when the color of the temperature reference pigment composition corresponds to a color indicated in the user guide for the household article comprising the coating of the invention or to a color indicated on a color scale provided to the user. with the said article.

[0045] The temperature reference pigment composition is thermochromic or thermostable.

[0046] The temperature reference pigment composition may be, for example, a cooking temperature reference pigment composition or an indication of the risk of overheating.

[0047] By "thermochromic pigment or pigmentary composition", it is meant, within the meaning of the present invention, a pigment or a pigmentary composition which changes color depending on the temperature in a given temperature range, this change being reversible. This change in color is visible to the user with the naked eye and at a conventional operating distance.

[0048] The term "thermostable pigment" means a pigment which does not exhibit a change in color when subjected to an increase in temperature in a given temperature range or which exhibits a change in shade when subjected to an increase in temperature in a given temperature range which is so low that it is not visible to the user with the naked eye and at a conventional operating distance.

[0049] Preferably, the thermostable pigments have a color difference AE* between 25°C and 200°C of less than 10, AE* being defined by the CIE1976 formula in the CIELAB color space:

[0050] * r ; ~2 / â~ ^J(L2 -^ ) + (^-0 / )+ / 72 - / 7 / 2

[0051] Li*, ai* and bi* characterizing the L*a*b values ​​of said compound at room temperature

[0052] L2*, a2* and b2* characterizing the L*a*b values ​​of said compound at 200°C.

[0053] By "the colors are identical" we mean indistinguishable by the user with the naked eye and at a conventional viewing distance.

[0054] By the expression "culinary article", it is necessary to understand within the meaning of the present invention an object intended for cooking. To do this, it is intended to receive a heat treatment.

[0055] By the expression "object intended to receive a heat treatment", it is necessary to understand within the meaning of the present invention an object which will be heated by an external heating system such as pans, saucepans, sauté pans, woks, barbecue grills and which is capable of transmitting the heat energy provided by this external heating system to a material or food in contact with said object.

[0056] By the expression "electric cooking appliance", it is necessary to understand within the meaning of the present invention a heating object having its own heating system such as electric crepe maker, electric raclette appliance, electric fondue appliance, electric grill, electric griddle, electric cooker, bread machine, electric appliance of pressure cooking.

[0057] The term “coating” means the layer covering the metal substrate and adhering to this substrate.

[0058] In the present invention, the % by weight are expressed in dry weight, i.e. without solvent. DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES

[0059] [Fig. 1] represents a sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of a coated heating element (1) for a household article, comprising a metal substrate (2) coated on at least one face (2a) with a coating (3) in contact via one of its faces (3a) with the metal substrate (2) and visible to the user via its face (3b).

[0060] [Fig.2] illustrates the implementation of the Hot Blade test of the examples to evaluate the mechanical durability and scratch resistance of the coating (3). DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Coating

[0061] A first subject of the invention relates to a coating (3) for a household article on a metal support (2) in contact by one of its faces (3a) with the metal substrate (2) and visible to the user by its face (3b), which coating comprises

[0062] or several layers, each comprising one or more polyarylether ketone(s) (PAEK) and at least one of these layer(s) being made up of

[0063] - at least 70% by weight of a polymeric phase, consisting of: • at least 50%, by weight of one or more polyarylether ketone(s) (PAEK), the remainder being chosen from the group consisting of one or more organopolysiloxane polymer(s), one or more aromatic thermoplastic polymer(s) other than PAEK, one or more heterocyclic thermoplastic polymer(s), and mixtures thereof, and optionally one or more fluorocarbon resin(s); or • at least 50%, by weight of one or more polymer(s) chosen from the group consisting of aromatic thermoplastic polymers other than PAEK, heterocyclic thermoplastic polymers, organopolysiloxane polymers and their mixtures, the remainder consisting of one or more polyarylether ketone(s) (PAEK), and optionally one or more fluorocarbon resin(s);

[0064] - one or more charge(s);

[0065] - optionally one or more additive(s);

[0066] - optionally one or more coloring agent(s),

[0067] or a monolayer consisting of:

[0068] - at least 70% by weight of a polymeric phase, consisting of: • at least 50%, by weight of one or more polyarylether ketone(s) (PAEK), the remainder being chosen from the group consisting of one or more aromatic thermoplastic polymer(s) other than PAEK, one or more heterocyclic thermoplastic polymer(s), and mixtures thereof, and optionally one or more fluorocarbon resin(s); or • at least 50%, by weight of one or more polymer(s) chosen from the group consisting of aromatic thermoplastic polymers other than PAEK, heterocyclic thermoplastic polymers, and their mixtures, the remainder consisting of one or more polyarylether ketone(s) (PAEK), and optionally one or more fluorocarbon resin(s);

[0069] - one or more charge(s);

[0070] - optionally one or more additive(s);

[0071] - optionally one or more coloring agent(s).

[0072] Advantageously, the thickness of the coating (3) according to the invention is between 5 and 200 pm, preferably between 10 and 80 pm. Polymeric phase

[0073] PAEK

[0074] Advantageously, the polyaryletherketone(s) (PAEK) is (are) chosen from the group consisting of: polyetherketones (PEK), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), poly-etherketoneketones (PEKK), polyetheretherketoneketones (PEEKK) and polyetherketo-neetherketoneketones (PEKEKK), particularly preferably is (are) PEEK.

[0075] PAES

[0076] As aromatic thermoplastic polymer(s) other than PAEK, examples which are suitable according to the invention are poly(phenylene oxide) (PPO), poly(arylethersulfone) polymer (PAES), and in particular polyethersulfone (PES), polyphenylene ether sulfone (PPSU), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), poly(arylene sulfide) (PAS), liquid crystal polymers and mixtures thereof.

[0077] Heterocyclic thermoplastic polymers

[0078] As heterocyclic thermoplastic polymers, examples suitable according to the invention are polyetherimide (PEI), polyimides (PI), polyamideimides (PAI) and polybenzymidazole (PBI), or mixtures thereof.

[0079] Organopolysiloxan polymers.es

[0080] As organopolysiloxane polymers, examples suitable according to the invention are those obtained from organopolysiloxane polymeric or oligomeric precursors, either in the form of silicone oils with a variable degree of branching, or in the form of silicone resins with a variable degree of pre-crosslinking or copolymers of silicone resins such as silicone-polyester resins, silicone- alkyds, silicone polyurethanes, silicone epoxy, or in the form of a mixture of silicone oils, silicone resins and silicone resin copolymers. The silicon atoms may be substituted by alkyl (in particular methyl) or aryl (in particular phenyl) groups or mixtures thereof. The oils or resins preferably comprise one or more (2, 3 or more) hydroxy or alkoxy (in particular methoxy, ethoxy, butoxy) functional groups as substituents of silicon atoms.

[0081] Preferably, the organopolysiloxane polymer(s) of the coating according to the invention is / are a silicone oil or a copolymer of silicone resins.

[0082] The advantage of using these polymers with very high thermal stability, in particular PAEKs, with continuous usage conditions at 260°C, is also to benefit from their very high mechanical properties (Young's modulus, tribology, low coefficient of friction, low surface energy, etc.) and their chemical resistance properties (in acidic and basic conditions, excellent resistance to many solvents), their biocompatibility, their biostability and their recyclability.

[0083] According to one embodiment, each of the layers of the coating (3) according to the invention comprises at least 1%, preferably at least 5% by weight of one or more polyaryletherketone(s) (PAEK).

[0084] Advantageously, the polyarylether ketone(s) (PAEK) present in each of the layers is a polyetheretherketone (PEEK) or a polyetherketoneketone (PEKK).

[0085] Advantageously, the aromatic thermoplastic polymer(s) other than PAEK comprise polyethersulfone (PES) or polyphenylene sulfide (PPS).

[0086] An amorphous, non-crystalline aromatic thermoplastic polymer, such as PPSU / PES (Polyethersulfone), makes it possible to improve the film formation of the coating because its glass transition temperature is much lower than that of PAEK melting point, which improves adhesion to the substrate. This also advantageously improves the ductility of the material and promotes its stretchable and stampable capabilities.

[0087] Organopolysiloxanes

[0088] This family of polymers makes it possible to combine different properties, depending on the polymer structure, such as thermal resistance, lubrication and anti-adhesion, hydrophobicity, resistance to heat, thermo-oxidation and chemical and biological attacks, etc.

[0089] Advantageously, when the polymeric phase comprises an organopolysiloxane polymer, this can be obtained by a crosslinking process leading to a polymeric network, continuous or discontinuous on a microscopic scale in the polymeric phase depending on the concentration, nature and conformation of the other components in the coating. "Crosslinking" means the chemical reaction leading to one or more covalent bonds between the precursors of the organopolysiloxane polymer and / or between these same precursors and other components of the coating.

[0090] The coating according to the invention obtained is advantageously solid, by "solid" is meant the characteristic of a cohesive material insoluble in water, in usual solvents, in food components such as aqueous or fatty mixtures, even if the material can have great hardness or great flexibility such as an elastomer.

[0091] The organopolysiloxane polymer network may consist of a combination of 4 simple organosiloxane units called M, D, T and Q depending on the degree of substitution by oxygen of the silicon atom, as described in the following table, where R is an organic substituent described below.

[0092] [Tables 1]

[0093] The organopolysiloxane polymer is obtained by crosslinking from precursors which can be monomeric or polymeric, or intermediately which can be oligomeric. The organopolysiloxane polymer can also be obtained from a mixture of these different kinds of precursors. When the network contains a higher number of T and Q units than D, the crosslinking density is higher. The distribution between the M, D, T and Q units depends on the chemical structure of the precursors, in particular on this M, D, T, Q distribution within the precursors.

[0094] The polymeric precursors are organopolysiloxanes. These macromolecules are formed from M, D, T, and / or Q units as described in the table, where R is independently an alkyl group, in particular methyl, or aryl, in particular phenyl, it being possible for different natures of R to be present on the same macromolecule.

[0095] Organopolysiloxanes can be either linear or weakly branched (majority of D groups), either branched or highly branched (majority of T and Q groups). Linear or weakly branched organopolysiloxanes are generally liquid, more or less viscous at room temperature, and are called silicone oils. Branched or highly branched (pre-crosslinked) organopolysiloxanes form a network at the level of the individual macromolecule and are called silicone resins. At room temperature, the resins are essentially in solid form, or in liquid form, provided in particular that they have a fairly low molecular weight, in the form of a solution in a solvent or in the form of an aqueous emulsion. They can be copolymerized with organic polymers or oligomers not containing silicon, chosen in particular from polyesters, acrylics, alkyds, polyurethanes, epoxy resins.

[0096] When the crosslinking is a hydrolysis-polycondensation: it is carried out thanks to the reactive hydroxy or alkoxy functions, in particular methoxy, ethoxy or butoxy, present on the organopolysiloxane.

[0097] When the crosslinking is a polyaddition (or hydrosilyl tion): it is carried out by reaction between the reactive vinyl functions (-CH=CH2) present on one of the organopolysiloxanes and the reactive silyl hydride functions (Si-H) present on the other organopolysiloxane mixed with the first.

[0098] All these reactive functions are present on each organopolysiloxane in the number of at least one and can be present in the number of 2, 3, or more ... as much as the molecular structure allows. Silicone oils comprising at least one reactive function are called "reactive oils". The reactive functions can be found either at the end of the macromolecular chain (termination), or distributed over the chain.

[0099] Silicone-polyester resins in particular have silicone / polyester mass ratios of, for example, 90 / 10, 80 / 20, 70 / 30, 60 / 40, 50 / 50, 40 / 50, 30 / 70, 20 / 80, 10 / 90, advantageously between 80 / 20 and 50 / 50.

[0100] Linear PDMS silicone oils, pure or pre-emulsified in water, are characterized firstly by their molecular mass, which is a direct increasing function of the viscosity of the pure oil. They are then characterized by the presence or absence of reactive functions, for example hydroxyls on the silicon atoms (silanol), their number and their location on the molecular chain. For example, reactive oils with viscosities of between 50 and 20,000 mPa.s, and in particular between 300 and 5,000 mPa.s, can be used, having at least one reactive function, preferably at least 2, which can be placed at the end of the chain (positions a, w).

[0101] Polymeric precursors reacting by polyaddition may include, for example, polymethylhydrosiloxane, vinylmethylsiloxane, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) vinyl terminated in particular linear, vinyl terminated diphenylsiloxane-dimethylsiloxane copolymers, hydride terminated polydimethylsiloxanes, hydride terminated polyphenylmethylsiloxanes, cyclic vinylmethylsiloxane, vinyl-MQ resin, trimethylsilyl terminated polymethylhydrosiloxane, trimethylsiloxane terminated dimethylsiloxane methylhydro-siloxane copolymer, MQ resin hydride, and the like, as well as combinations thereof.

[0102] The polymeric precursors reacting by hydrolysis-polycondensation, whether they are silicone resins or silicone oils, may include, for example, poly(methylsilsesquioxanes), poly(propylsilsesquioxanes), poly(phenylsilsesquioxanes), polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), trimethylsilyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), silanol-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), silanol-terminated polyphenylsiloxane (PDMS), silanol-terminated diphenylsiloxane-dimethylsiloxane copolymer, poly(2-acetoxyethylsilsesquioxanes), organo-modified alkoxy-silanes and their oligomers, and all similar macromolecules and their mixtures.

[0103] The organopolysiloxane polymer can also be obtained by crosslinking a mixture of one or more monomeric precursors and one or more polymeric precursors as described above, as well as one or more oligomeric precursors which can be linear, branched or cyclic. These oligomeric precursors have a lower molecular weight than the polymeric precursors. Polymeric and / or oligomeric precursors comprising a number of reactive functions as described above greater than 2, advantageously much greater than 2, can be added to the mixture as a “co-binder” in order to promote a high crosslinking density of the organopolysiloxane polymer finally obtained.

[0104] The monomeric, oligomeric and / or polymeric precursors, in particular the silicone resins, copolymerized or not with an organic polymer, play the role of polymeric binder in order to obtain the solid organopolysiloxane polymer combined with the TPs of each layer.

[0105] Silicone oil type organopolysiloxane precursors can be considered as additives if they are added in small quantity (generally between 0.1 and 5% dry) in the whole formula of a layer, independently of the other components for the formation of the solid organopolysiloxane polymer.

[0106] Crosslinking may require a catalyst: - In the case of crosslinking of organopolysiloxanes by hydrolysis-polycondensation, the formula may include a metal catalyst, such as, for example, metal complexes based on platinum, tin, zinc, zirconium and cerium, in particular platinum-cyclo-vinylmethyl-silxane complexes, tin ethylhexanoate, zinc ethylhexanoate, zirconium ethylhexanoate, cerium ethylhexanoate, and dibutyl tin laurate. - In the case of crosslinking of organopolysiloxanes by hydrosylilation, the addition of a catalyst may be necessary: ​​this may be, for example, platinum or a suitable platinum-based catalyst such as the Karstedt catalyst or the Ashbys catalyst.

[0107] A crosslinking agent, for example carrying Si-H bonds, may be present.

[0108] Fluorocarbon resins

[0109] The fluorocarbon resin(s) is / are advantageously chosen from the group consisting of: polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), the copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and perfluoropropylvinylether (PFA), the copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoropropylene (FEP) and their mixtures, particularly preferably comprising PTFE.

[0110] Advantageously, the coating according to the invention does not comprise fluorocarbon resin. [YES] Charges

[0112] The fillers within the meaning of the invention make it possible to provide mechanical reinforcement and can also provide lubricating properties, hydrophobicity properties, while improving the mechanical resistance and thermal conductivity of the coating.

[0113] Fillers do not only have the function of providing color to the coating, but can contribute to it.

[0114] The presence of fillers with excellent thermal conductivity makes it possible to compensate for the low thermal conductivity of PAEK polymers.

[0115] Advantageously, the filler(s) is / are chosen from the group consisting of ceramic fillers (SiO2, etc.) and / or mineral and / or metallic fillers (A12O3, TiO2, etc.) and / or hydrophobic silicas and / or diamond particles.

[0116] Preferably, the filler(s) is / are chosen from the group consisting of metal oxides, metal carbides, metal oxynitrides, metal nitrides, and mixtures thereof.

[0117] Advantageously, said metal is a transition metal, such as at least one of the elements chosen from B, Ni, Ti, Zr or Hf.

[0118] More preferably, the filler(s) is / are chosen from the group consisting of: - fillers for reinforcement: organic or inorganic hard fillers; the inorganic hard fillers are preferably particles of silicon carbide or alumina or zirconia or graphite, or ceramics, or carbonate, or hydrated alumina, aluminum trihydroxide or one or more metal oxide(s), graphite, graphene;

[0119]

[0120]

[0121]

[0122]

[0123]

[0124]

[0125]

[0126]

[0127] - other fillers for reinforcement chosen from metal oxides: silica, micas, lamellar fillers, clays such as montmorillonite, sepiolite, gypsite, kaolinite and laponite, zinc dioxide, quartz, and zirconium phosphate, alumina, zirconia, zinc oxide, copper oxide, iron oxide; - fillers chosen from reinforcing fibers: glass or carbon or aramid fiber; - conductive fillers comprising a transition metal carbide and / or a transition metal nitride: characterized in that the transition metal is at least one of the elements chosen from B, Ni, Ti, Zr or Hf, for example: Cubic Boron Nitride, diamond particles, metal particles; - lamellar fillers that can provide lubricating properties, such as clays, graphene or graphite. Preferred fillers in combination with organopolysiloxanes are: - reinforcing fillers: silica or carbonates with filler rates of at least 10-15% / wt and up to 60% / wt, - alumina, hydrated alumina, aluminum trihydroxide, - silica (precipitated or pyrogenic) with a d50 < 0.1 pm and a BET specific surface area > 30m2 / g and preferably between 30 and 500 m2 / g, - or mixture of quartz and silica, diatomaceous earth or ground quartz, titanium, mica, talc, kaolin, barium sulfate, slaked lime, zinc oxide, expanded vermiculite, unexpanded vermiculite, calcium carbonate etc. Advantageously, the average diameter d50 of the charges is between 0.1 and 50 pm, preferably still between 5 and 15 pm. Advantageously, the proportion of fillers in a layer is between 0.5 and 30% by dry weight relative to the total weight of said layer after cooking, preferably between 5 and 20%. Advantageously, the proportion of fillers in the coating (3) is less than 10% by weight relative to the total weight of the coating (3). Additives Advantageously, said additives are chosen from the group consisting of anti-foam agents, dispersing agents, wetting agents, thickeners, and pH adjusters. Said anti-foaming agent(s) are preferably chosen from the group consisting of mineral oils, diols, hydrocarbons, glycerides, oxyrane, emulsified fatty acids. The surfactant(s) is (are) preferably chosen from the group consisting of glycol ether, ethoxylated alcohol excluding alkyl phenol ethoxylates (APE), gemini surfactants.

[0128] The dispersing agent(s) is (are) preferably chosen from the group consisting of anionic dispersants such as fatty acid derivatives.

[0129] Said thickeners are preferably chosen from the group consisting of acrylic-based or polyurethane-based copolymer, cellulose, pyrogenic silica.

[0130] Said pH adjusters are preferably chosen from the group consisting of Bronsted bases: ammonia, amines (triethylamine, triethanolamine, etc.), hydroxides (soda, potash, etc.), carbonates.

[0131] A preferred adhesion promoter in combination with the organopolysiloxanes is an organosilane or organopolysiloxane having per molecule three silicon-bonded hydrolyzable groups.

[0132] Advantageously, the proportion of additives in the coating (3) is less than 20% by weight relative to the total weight of said coating (3).

[0133] Advantageously, the proportion of additives in each layer of the coating (3) is less than 20% by weight relative to the total weight of said layer.

[0134] Coloring agents

[0135] Advantageously, the coating according to the invention comprises one or more coloring agent(s) chosen from the group consisting of thermochromic pigments, thermostable pigments, glitter, hologram glitter and mixtures thereof. • Thermochromic pigments

[0136] Preferably, the thermochromic pigment(s) is / are chosen from the group consisting of Bi2O3, Fe2O3, V2O5, WO3, CeO2, In2O3, Yi^CaojeTii^Vo.ieCW Agi, (Bil x A j(V| VM jO4avcc : - x is equal to 0 or x is between 0.001 and 0.999, - y is equal to 0 or y is between 0.001 and 0.999, - A and M are chosen from the group consisting of nitrogen, phosphorus, an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a transition metal, a poor metal, a metalloid or a lanthanide, - A and M are different from each other.

[0137] Knowing that A and M are different from each other, when:

[0138] - A is an alkali metal, it can be chosen from Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs,

[0139] - M is an alkali metal, it can be chosen from Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs,

[0140] - A is an alkaline earth metal, it can be chosen from Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba,

[0141] - M is an alkaline earth metal, it can be chosen from Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba,

[0142] - A is a transition metal, it can be chosen from Sc, Ti Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Ta, W, Ir,

[0143] - M is a transition metal, it can be chosen from Sc, Ti Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Ta, W, Ir,

[0144] - A is a poor metal, it can be chosen from Al, Zn, Ga, In, Sn,

[0145] - M is a poor metal, it can be chosen from Al, Zn, Ga, In, Sn,

[0146] - A is a metalloid, it can be chosen from B, Si, Ge, Sb,

[0147] - M is a metalloid, it can be chosen from B, Si, Ge, Sb,

[0148] - A is a lanthanide, it can be chosen from La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu,

[0149] - M is a lanthanide, it can be chosen from La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu.

[0150] Preferably, A and M different from each other are B and / or Mg.

[0151] Preferably, the pigment (Bii.xAx)(Vi_yMy)O4 has a monoclinic scheelite crystallographic form at room temperature.

[0152] Preferably, x and y are 0, i.e. the pigment (Bii.xAx)(Vi yMy)O4 is Bismuth Vanadate (BiVO4). Advantageously, a BiVO4 with a monoclinic scheelite crystallographic structure at room temperature is used.

[0153] Bismuth Vanadate is a yellow inorganic compound with the formula BiVO4, widely used for its color properties and its lack of toxicity. Registered in the Colour Index International database as QI Pigment Yellow 184, it is marketed by Heubach (Vanadur®), BASF (Sicopal®), FERRO (Lysopac) and Bruchsaler Farbenfabrik (Brufasol®). • Thermostable pigments

[0154] Preferably, the thermostable pigment(s) is / are chosen from the group consisting of:

[0155] - Yellow titanium rutile pigment,

[0156] - Yellow pigment derived from bismuth, for example selected from vanadates of stabilized bismuth (Py i84)

[0157] - Red pigment, for example selected from perylene red (for example PR149, PR178 and PR224), iron oxide,

[0158] - Orange pigment of bismuth oxyhalides type (PO85),

[0159] - Bismuth vanadate orange pigment (PO86)

[0160] - Zinc tin titanium orange pigment (PO82)

[0161] - Cerium sulfide orange pigment (PO75; PO78)

[0162] - Orange-yellow pigment of the antimony titanium chrome rutile type (PBr24)

[0163] - Orange-yellow pigment of tin and zinc rutile type (Py2i6)

[0164] - Niobium tin zinc sulfide orange yellow pigment (Py227)

[0165] - Orange-yellow pigment of double oxides of tin and niobium

[0166] - Co3(PO4)2

[0167] - LiCoPO4

[0168] - CoA12O4

[0169] - Cr2O3

[0170] - TiO2

[0171] - Black pigment PBk28 (Copper chromite black spinel)

[0172] - and mixtures thereof. • Sequins

[0173] The flakes usable in the context of the present invention may be independently chosen from mica flakes, coated or not, silica flakes, coated or not, aluminum flakes, coated or not, iron oxide flakes, coated or not. Mica or silica flakes coated with titanium dioxide. The flakes usable in the context of the present invention may be treated to give a particular color effect.

[0174] Preferably, the flake(s) is / are particles chosen from the group consisting of particles of mica, aluminum, mica coated with titanium dioxide or mixtures thereof. • Hologram glitter

[0175] Advantageously, the glitter(s) is / are hologram glitter, i.e. a mixture of magnetizable particles and non-magnetizable particles.

[0176] The magnetizable particles may advantageously be particles comprising at least one ferromagnetic metal. These magnetizable particles may be of a homogeneous nature, i.e. made of the same material, or of a composite nature, i.e. these magnetizable particles have a core-shell structure, in which the ferromagnetic metal is found in the core and / or in the shell of said particles. Examples of composite magnetizable particles include mica flakes coated with iron oxide Fe2O3 or stainless steel fibers coated with a sol-gel material, as protection against corrosion during the steps of implementing the coating, or else plastic flakes coated with iron oxide Fe2O3, or flakes whose core is made of ferromagnetic metal and the shell is formed of a plastic material or a sol-gel material.

[0177] According to one embodiment, a portion of said magnetizable particles is oriented so as to form a three-dimensional decoration.

[0178] Advantageously, the mixture of magnetizable particles and non-magnetizable particles represents between 1% and 5% by weight of the weight of the layer, preferably between 2% and 3% by weight.

[0179] Advantageously, the percentage of non-magnetizable particles in the mixture of magnetizable particles and non-magnetizable particles is between 15% and 40% by weight relative to the total weight of the mixture of magnetizable particles and of non-magnetizable particles.

[0180] Advantageously, the magnetizable particles have a dimension D50 less than or equal to 23 pm.

[0181] By the term “D50”, is meant, within the meaning of the present invention, the maximum dimension presented by 50% of the particles in number.

[0182] Advantageously, the non-magnetizable particles have a dimension D90 of between 20% and 250% of the dimension D90 of the magnetizable particles.

[0183] By the term “D90” is meant, within the meaning of the present invention, the maximum dimension presented by 90% of the particles in number.

[0184] Advantageously, the magnetizable particles and / or the non-magnetizable particles are colored on the surface.

[0185] Advantageously, the non-magnetizable particles consist of mica, aluminum, or mica coated with titanium dioxide.

[0186] Advantageously, the magnetizable particles consist of iron, iron oxide, iron-coated aluminum, or iron-coated mica, the iron being in ferritic form. Architectures

[0187] According to one embodiment, the coating according to the invention comprises one or more layers applied to the support. It may be a single-layer or multi-layer coating, the different layers being applied successively.

[0188] Advantageously, the coating according to the invention comprises one to three layers, preferably two, applied to the support.

[0189] Advantageously, the coating according to the invention comprises intermediate layers, preferably two, which may be decorative layers.

[0190] Advantageously, the coating according to the invention is a non-stick coating, that is to say that food preferably does not adhere to the coating.

[0191] Advantageously, the coating according to the invention is a single-layer non-stick coating.

[0192] Decorations

[0193] According to one embodiment, the decorative layer(s) is(are) continuous and covers the entire lower layer.

[0194] According to another embodiment, the decorative layer(s) do(es) not cover the entire lower layer and form(s) at least one decoration.

[0195] Advantageously, the decorative layer(s) compose several decorations, one (i) comprising one or more thermochromic pigment(s) and the other (j) comprising at least one temperature reference pigment composition.

[0196] According to one embodiment, each of the two decorations (i) and (j) is presented in the form of adjacent non-overlapping patterns. For example, each decoration is represented by different geometric patterns distributed evenly over the entire surface and alternating with each other.

[0197] According to another embodiment, the two decorations (i) and (j) are partially overlapping. For example, each decoration is represented by different geometric patterns distributed uniformly over the entire surface and partially overlapping.

[0198] Preferably, the two decorations (i) and (j) are overlapping, either because one of the two decorations is a continuous layer and the other decoration covers it in the form of patterns, or because the two decorations (i) and (j) are in the form of overlapping patterns.

[0199] According to another embodiment, the decorations are applied directly to the substrate.

[0200] The decoration can be applied by any method well known to those skilled in the art, for example by screen printing or pad printing.

[0201] Preferably, the polymeric phase, of the layer(s) consisting of at least 70% by weight of said polymeric phase, comprises at least 60% by weight, more preferably at least 70% by weight of one or more polyarylether ketone(s) (PAEK).

[0202] Preferably, the polymeric phase, of the layer(s) consisting of at least 70% by weight of said polymeric phase, comprises at least 60% by weight, more preferably at least 70% of one or more polymer(s) chosen from the group consisting of aromatic thermoplastic polymers other than PAEK, heterocyclic thermoplastic polymers, organopolysiloxane polymers (when present in the layer) and mixtures thereof.

[0203] According to one embodiment, all the layers of the coating (3) according to the invention consist of:

[0204] - at least 70% by weight of a polymeric phase consisting of: • at least 50%, by weight of one or more polyarylether ketone(s) (PAEK), the remainder being chosen from the group consisting of one or more organopolysiloxane polymer(s), one or more aromatic thermoplastic polymer(s) other than PAEK, one or more heterocyclic thermoplastic polymer(s), and mixtures thereof, and optionally one or more fluorocarbon resin(s); or • at least 50%, by weight of one or more polymer(s) chosen from the group consisting of aromatic thermoplastic polymers other than PAEK, heterocyclic thermoplastic polymers, organopolysiloxane polymers and their mixtures, the remainder consisting of one or more polyarylether ketone(s) (PAEK), and optionally one or more fluorocarbon resin(s);

[0205] - one or more charges

[0206] - possibly one or more additive(s)

[0207] - optionally one or more coloring agent(s).

[0208] According to another embodiment, the coating (3) comprises several layers and all of its layers comprise a polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and at least one of them is made up of:

[0209] - at least 70% by weight of a polymeric phase consisting of: • at least 50% by weight of a polyether ether ketone (PEEK), the remainder being polyethersulfone (PES), and optionally PTFE; or • at least 50% by weight of polyethersulfone (PES), the remainder consisting of a polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and optionally PTFE

[0210] - one or more charge(s);

[0211] - possibly one or more additive(s);

[0212] - optionally one or more coloring agent(s).

[0213] According to another embodiment, the coating (3) comprises several layers and all of its layers comprise a polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and at least one of them is made up of:

[0214] - at least 70% by weight of a polymeric phase consisting of: • at least 50% by weight of a polyether ether ketone (PEEK), the remainder consisting of a silicone oil, and optionally PTFE; or • at least 50% by weight of a silicone oil, the remainder consisting of a polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and optionally PTFE

[0215] - one or more charge(s);

[0216] - possibly one or more additive(s);

[0217] - optionally one or more coloring agent(s). Coated heating element

[0218] The term “coated heating element” means an assembly comprising a metal substrate and a coating according to the invention on said metal substrate, the substrate being capable of being heated.

[0219] Advantageously, a coated heating element according to the invention is a coated cooking element.

[0220] Another object of the invention, illustrated in [Fig. 1], relates to a coated heating element (1) for a household article, comprising a metal substrate (2) coated on at least one face (2a) with a coating (3) according to the invention in contact by one of its faces (3a) with the metal substrate (2) and visible to the user by its face (3b). Metal substrate

[0221] Advantageously, said metal substrate (2) is a substrate made of aluminum, stainless steel, cast iron or aluminum, iron, titanium or copper.

[0222] For the purposes of the present invention, aluminum means a metal consisting of 100% aluminum or an aluminum alloy.

[0223] Advantageously, the metal substrate (2) is an aluminum substrate, a stainless steel substrate or a multi-layer metal substrate. The metal substrate (2) may be a two-layer or three-layer substrate, these multi-layers being able to be obtained for example by co-lamination, by hot diffusion under load (solid state bonding) or by hot or cold impact bonding.

[0224] Preferably, the metal substrate (2) comprises an alternation of layers of metal and / or metal alloy.

[0225] According to one embodiment, the metal substrate (2) is a substrate made of aluminum alloy, stainless steel or a multi-layer metal substrate whose face (2a) is made of aluminum alloy or stainless steel.

[0226] Preferably, the metal substrate (2) is an aluminum substrate.

[0227] Advantageously, the thickness of the metal substrate (2) is between 0.5 mm and 10 mm.

[0228] Advantageously, the face (2a) of the metal substrate (2) has previously undergone a surface treatment making it possible to improve the adhesion of the coating to said substrate.

[0229] According to one embodiment, the surface of the face (2a) of the metal substrate (2) has undergone a surface treatment, said surface treatment being a chemical attack, brushing, hydration, sandblasting, shot blasting, a physicochemical treatment of the plasma or corona or laser type, a chemical activation or a combination of these different techniques.

[0230] Advantageously, the face of the substrate (2a) on which the coating (3) according to the invention will be applied can be treated so as to increase its specific surface area; for an aluminum substrate, this treatment can be done by anodization (creation of a tubular alumina structure), by chemical attack, by sandblasting, by brushing, by shot blasting or by adding material by means of a technology such as thermal projection (flame, plasma or arc spray). The other metal substrates can also be polished, sandblasted, brushed, micro-blasted or receive an addition of material by means of a technology such as thermal projection (flame, plasma or arc spray).

[0231] As metal substrates which can be used in the present invention, mention may advantageously be made of anodized or non-anodized aluminum substrates, optionally polished, brushed, sandblasted, shot-blasted or micro-blasted, anodized or non-anodized aluminum alloy substrates, optionally polished, brushed, sandblasted or micro-blasted, steel substrates, optionally polished, brushed, sandblasted, shot-blasted or micro-blasted, stainless steel substrates, optionally polished, brushed, sandblasted or micro-blasted, cast steel, aluminum or iron substrates, and copper substrates, optionally hammered or polished.

[0232] Advantageously, the substrate may be chosen from substrates comprising ferritic stainless steel / aluminum / austenitic stainless steel layers, substrates comprising stainless steel / aluminum / copper / aluminum / austenitic stainless steel layers, cast aluminum, aluminum or aluminum alloy caps lined with an outer stainless steel base, metallic co-laminated substrates, for example two-layer co-laminated substrates comprising a stainless steel layer (for example intended to constitute the inner face of the article) and a layer of aluminum or aluminum alloy, anodized or not (for example intended to constitute the outer face of the article).

[0233] Advantageously, the average arithmetic roughness Ra of the surface of the face (2a) of the metal substrate (2) is greater than or equal to 1 pm.

[0234] The arithmetic mean roughness Ra is measured using a roughness meter according to ISO 4287. Ra represents the arithmetic mean of the deviations from the mean. The surface topography can be studied in particular with a profilometer with a probe equipped with a fine stylus fitted with a diamond tip, or with an optical metrology device such as Altisurf®, in which a chromatic confocal sensor allows a contactless measurement. The study of this surface topography makes it possible to define the arithmetic mean roughness Ra. Process

[0235] Another object of the invention relates to a method of manufacturing a coated heating element (1) according to the invention comprising the following successive steps:

[0236] i. Providing a metal substrate (2) having a face (2a),

[0237] ii. Optionally, prior treatment of the face (2a) of said metal substrate (2) intended to be coated,

[0238] iii. Application of the layer(s) of coating (3) on the face (2a),

[0239] iv. firing of the element obtained in step iii.

[0240] Advantageously, step iii is carried out by spraying, screen printing, roller application, electrostatic projection of the coating composition(s) in liquid or powder form of the coating layer(s) (3).

[0241] In step iii, the layers can be applied wet on wet or drying can be applied between each layer.

[0242] For the purposes of the present invention, baking of the coated substrate means a heat treatment which makes it possible to densify the layer(s) of thermostable coating applied to the substrate.

[0243] In step iv., baking or also called sintering in certain cases, is carried out. Generally the baking temperature of step iv. is between 230°C and 420°C. Advantageously the baking temperature of step iv. is between 380 and 420°C in the presence of fluorocarbon resins in the polymer phase. The temperature advantageous curing temperature of step iv. is from 230 to 300°C in the presence of organopolysiloxane polymers in the polymer phase, preferably from 230 to 280°C, even more preferably from 230 to 250°C. The advantageous curing temperature of step iv. is from 230 to 300°C in the presence of thermoplastic polymers, excluding fluorocarbon resins, in the polymer phase, preferably from 250 to 400°C, even more preferably from 280 to 380°C.

[0244] Drying can be carried out by convection or IR.

[0245] Advantageously, the method for manufacturing a coated heating element (1) according to the invention comprises a drying step between 80 and 150°C after application of each of the layers.

[0246] Advantageously, the method for manufacturing a coated heating element (1) according to the invention comprises a single final baking step iv. of all the applied layers. This single baking step is carried out simultaneously for all the applied layers. This embodiment makes it possible to filmify, fuse and crosslink all the layers together so that they form only one. The coating (3) thus forms a single layer, even if this single layer may not be homogeneous, that is to say it may have a heterogeneity of composition such as for example a concentration gradient of its constituents.

[0247] Advantageously, the method for manufacturing a coated heating element (1) according to the invention comprises a step of shaping said support (2) before or after step (i) or step iii. The shaping is also called stamping.

[0248] The application of the coating according to the invention by the method according to the invention can be carried out on the flat substrate or on the shaped substrate or on a locally flat area of ​​the shaped substrate. A thermostable coating layer is obtained. Generally, this coating layer is wet.

[0249] By wet layer, it is understood within the meaning of the present invention that the layer comprises all or part of its solvents.

[0250] Preferably, all or part of the solvents in the wet layer are removed, either naturally or by physical treatment, for example by thermal drying, by air flow drying or by vacuum treatment.

[0251] Advantageously, the coating composition according to the invention may further comprise at least one solvent. Advantageously, the solvent may be protic. Advantageously, the solvent may be non-toxic.

[0252] The solvent that can be used in the coating composition according to the invention can advantageously comprise at least one alcohol, and can preferably be chosen from isopropanol, methanol, ethanol and mixtures thereof.

[0253] According to a variant of the method according to the invention, the application of the coating can be make in several layers. In this case, the deposition on at least one of the two opposite faces of said substrate of at least one layer of a composition of the coating according to the invention is repeated several times. In this case, the coating according to the invention is multi-layer. It is each layer which is preferably produced in a single printing step, the whole forming a multi-layer. Preferably according to this variant, a drying step is carried out between the application of each layer, then the baking of said coated substrate is carried out after application of the last layer.

[0254] When the shaping step precedes the application iii of the coating, the coating is preferably carried out by spraying.

[0255] When this shaping step is subsequent to the application iii of the coating, the coating is preferably carried out by screen printing or by roller.

[0256] The coating formula to be coated is generally in aqueous form, the polymers of the polymeric phase being in the form of suspensions. Other non-aqueous solvents may also be suitable.

[0257] According to one variant, the PAEK suspensions have a particle size with a d50 of approximately 10 pm to 15 pm. Household item

[0258] Another object of the invention relates to a household article comprising a coated heating element (1) according to the invention.

[0259] According to one embodiment, said household article is a culinary article and the face (3b) of the coating according to the invention is capable of receiving food.

[0260] According to one embodiment, the culinary article comprises a heating face intended to be placed in contact with an external heating source, the heating face being opposite the cooking face intended to be placed in contact with the food during cooking.

[0261] Advantageously, the culinary article according to the invention is chosen from the group consisting of saucepan, frying pan, skillets or caquelons for fondue or raclette, stewpan, wok, sauté pan, crepe pan, grill, griddle, pot, casserole dish, cooker or bread machine bowl, culinary mold.

[0262] the invention also relates to an electrical cooking appliance comprising a coated heating element (1) according to the invention and a heating source configured to heat said coated heating element (1).

[0263] Advantageously, the electric cooking appliance is chosen from the group consisting of electric crepe maker, electric raclette appliance, electric fondue appliance, electric grill, electric griddle, electric cooker, bread machine, electric pressure cooking appliance.

[0264] According to another embodiment, said household item is an everyday item that the user heats.

[0265] It may be an iron or a steamer, the coating according to the invention covering the soleplate.

[0266] It may be a hair straightener, the coating according to the invention covering the plates of said hair straightener.

[0267] The heating household item according to the present invention may in particular be a cooking item or a small household appliance such as an iron, a hair care item, an insulated pot (for example for a coffee maker) or a mixing bowl.

[0268] The small household heating equipment item according to the present invention may in particular be a cooking item, and in particular a cooking item of which one of the two opposite faces of the substrate is an inner face, possibly concave, intended to be arranged on the side of food likely to be introduced into or onto said item, and of which the other face of the substrate is an outer face, possibly convex, intended to be arranged towards a heat source.

[0269] As non-limiting examples of cooking articles in accordance with the present invention, mention may be made in particular of cooking articles such as saucepans and frying pans, woks and sauté pans, stewpots and pots, crepe makers, waffle makers, grills, baking molds and plates, griddles, barbecue plates and grills, raclette or fondue devices, rice cookers, jam makers, bread machine bowls, preparation bowls.

[0270] The article of small household heating equipment according to the present invention may in particular be an iron, such as a steam iron or a steam generator, and the coated element according to the present invention is the soleplate of the iron.

[0271] The small heating household equipment item according to the present invention may in particular be a hair care item, such as a curling iron or straightening iron, and the coated element according to the present invention is one of the heating plates of the hair care item. EXAMPLES

[0272] The aims, aspects and advantages of the present invention will be better understood from the description given below of a particular embodiment of the invention presented by way of non-limiting example.

[0273] Of course, the invention is in no way limited to the embodiment described and illustrated, which has been given only as an example. Modifications remain possible, in particular from the point of view of the constitution of the various elements or by substitution of technical equivalents, without departing from the scope of protection of the invention. 1) Raw materials:

[0274] Metal substrate:

[0275] The aluminum discs are an annealed 4006 alloy, 3.4 mm thick and 340 mm in diameter. They have been treated by brushing (roughness Ra approximately 2 pm).

[0276] Screen printing coating is carried out according to the following parameters:

[0277] - between 1 and 4 layers, preferably 2 or 3 for a multi-layer coating or in 1 layer for a single-layer coating;

[0278] - partial drying can be envisaged for each layer before coating the next ;

[0279] - the final cooking is carried out in an oven between 250 and 420°C for 10 to 30 minutes, then the discs are left to cool;

[0280] - the thickness obtained is between 20 and 50 pm, preferably between 30 and 40 pm.

[0281] The coated discs are stamped and stretched to form 20 cm pans. inner diameter. Silicone resins:

[0282] - RS1: Methyl ethoxy functionalized organopolysiloxane resin in aqueous emulsion, Viscosity at 25 °C Approx. Approx. 1500 mPas, Solids content = 52% - RS2: Ethoxy-functionalized polyester organopolysiloxane resin (80% organopolysiloxane / 20% polyester), solvent-based, Viscosity at 25°C Approx. 2000 mPas, Solids content = 75% - PDMS_1: Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) resin in aqueous emulsion

[0283] Functionalized PDMS, Solid content 62% - PDMS_2: Polydimethylsiloxane resin (PDMS):

[0284] Linear PDMS functionalized -OH chain ends, Viscosity at 25 °C Approx. 600 mPa.s, Solids content 100% Polyarylether ketone:

[0285] - PolyEtherEtherKetone (PEEK) powder resin, Vicote 704 from VICTREX, polymer powder with a d50 of 10 pm - an aqueous dispersion of PEEK (Poly ether ether ketone) from VICTREX under the name VICOTE Coatings F804 “Vicote F804”: particle size d50 = 10 pm; dry extract 35%; pH between 9.6 and 11.9; viscosity of approximately 11 sec DIN Cup n°6. - PEKK powder resin, KEPSAN 7002 PT from Arkema with a d50 of 20 pm

[0286] Aromatic thermoplastic polymers: - PolyEtherSulfone (PES) powder resin, micronized grade VERADEL 3100 UFP from SOLVAY, polymer powder with a d50 < 40 pm - Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) powder resin: Ryton® Ml 10000UFP of at SOLVAY Heterocyclic thermoplastic polymers:

[0287] - Polyamide imide (PAI) powder resin: TORLON AI10LS from Solvay, powder containing 90% dry extract in N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP / Water) - Polyimide (PI) powder resin: P84® NT from Evonik - Polybenzymidazole (PBI) resin: Celazole® PBI U-60 Fluorinated Resins:

[0288] - Aqueous dispersion of fluorinated resin (PTFE) at 60% in aqueous phase Reinforcing fillers:

[0289] - Aerosil R972 (Evonik)

[0290] Post-treated dimethyl dichlorosilane silica fume, specific surface area (BET) = 90 to 130 m2 / g - Talc LUZENAC EL 10: Talc / chlorite / dolomite mineral powder - Alumina: Alumina CAHPF 240 d50 = 45-50 pm from Alteo at 100% - Graphene: Graphen, graphene in dispersed form, grade from Carbon Waters - lamellar fillers: Clay: montmorillonite, sepiolite, laponite Pigments:

[0291] - Sicopal black K0098FK (Sun Chemical): Chromium / Iron oxide powder: Index = P.BR.29 Solvent Alcohol

[0292] - 2-Methoxy-l-methylethyl acetate (MPA) - Butyl Glycol acetate (B GA) - Butyl acetate (BA) Additives

[0293] Anti-foam agent - moussex 7114HL from Synthon - Tego foamex K7 from Evonik - genapol X089 from Clariant Other additives:

[0294] - acrylic: Rohagit SD 15: 30% acrylic polymer solution in aqueous phase or SYnthotik 2) TESTS implemented

[0295] Mechanical durability evaluation tests - Hot scratch resistance

[0296] The excellent mechanical performance of this coating is evaluated with regard to the hot blade test.

[0297] This test method evaluates the scratch resistance of a coating on the in-face interior of a cookware item to be tested, which is placed on a heat source. This test is carried out using a mobile system composed of 3 hard metal points (ballpoint pens) as illustrated in [Fig.2]. This test, also called "tiger paw", induces a rotation around its axis and describes an epicyclic movement on the coated surface. The degradation of the coating (appearance of spots on the metal, scratches, delamination of the coating) is visually assessed after different time cycles.

[0298] This test ultimately allows two output data to be evaluated:

[0299] - Delamination of the coating on a metal surface after a test time (duration).

[0300] - Appearance of scratch on metal: Scratch on metal after a test time (duration).

[0301] Mechanical durability evaluation tests - Abrasion resistance

[0302] The article is then subjected to abrasion tests using an abrasive pad followed by a milk test and a scratch test.

[0303] - Scratch test and wear coefficient

[0304] This test evaluates the resistance of the coating to the action of an abrasive pad applied to its surface and the drop in anti-adhesion of this coating by a milk carbonization test after it has been subjected to the abrasion cycle. It is based on a normative test: NF D 21-511 with adapted particularities.

[0305] The device used is an abraser driven by a horizontal movement. A fixed arm supports a rectangular pad of dimensions 70 + 5 mm x 30 ± 5 mm, on which is placed an abrasive pad of the same dimension, and has a tare allowing the application of a load of 21 N (mass of the lever arm included). The abrasive moves at a speed of 33 round trips per minute. The abraded surface is 70 mm x 130 mm, i.e. a stroke of 100 mm, after 1000 abrasion cycles (i.e. 1000 round trips of the abrasive). Method for assessing drawability:

[0306] A stamping test, called the Swift test, is carried out with a Zwick BPU 400 stamping machine.

[0307] Experimental conditions:

[0308] - cutting discs to a diameter of 64 mm

[0309] - 33 mm punch (Limiting Drawing Ratio = 1.9)

[0310] - stamping die: 40 mm

[0311] The hydrated, pickled brushed aluminium discs coated with coatings according to the invention are shaped by stamping into a 26cm diameter pan.

[0312] The drawability of a coating on a given substrate is translated into a binary notation:

[0313] - OK: good drawability = adhesion of the coating to the substrate after de- stamping training is good

[0314] - Not OK: poor drawability = adhesion of the coating to the substrate after stamping deformation is not good.

[0315] Stamping deformation was carried out in two ways; the adhesion evaluation is evaluated differently depending on the deformation method. These methods are estimated to give comparable results.

[0316] Laboratory scale method:

[0317] The coated aluminum substrate is deformed over a small area (a disc of approximately 10 cm in diameter is required) by a press using the “Erichsen” or “Godet” method:

[0318] - “Erichsen”: the press deforms the surface with a conical and rounded punch on a depth of around 1 to 2 cm, with the coating on the outside. This deformation mode also subjects the coating to stretching. If, after deformation, the coating appears very cracked or flaking / detached from the substrate, its resistance to stamping deformation is poor. To amplify the differences, a grid pattern can first be carried out (according to ISO 2409) on the area where the punch is applied and then observed to see if many tiles have detached (with or without the application of adhesive tape). Table 10 below shows OK and NOK examples.

[0319] - “Godet”: the press deforms the substrate with a cylindrical punch (edge rounded), with coating inside: this simulates more the deformation of the pan stamping, even if in the tests carried out, a 0% stretch on the skirt (the cylindrical edge) was carried out. The result is bad when we visually observe any detachment, wrinkling, ... of the coating after deformation. Table 10 below shows examples.

[0320] 3) Examples of production of a culinary article according to the invention:

[0321] The coating is carried out flat on flat aluminum discs, using a screen printing process.

[0322] The aluminum discs are an annealed 4006 alloy, 3.4 mm thick and 340 mm in diameter. They have been treated by brushing (roughness Ra approximately 2 pm).

[0323] Screen printing coating is carried out according to the following parameters:

[0324] - Between 1 and 4 layers, preferably 2 or 3, are deposited on the disc; for a multi-layer coating or 1 layer for a single-layer coating;

[0325] - each layer is coated using a screen printing screen.

[0326] a final drying of all the layers is carried out first at room temperature for 5 min, then at 120°C (disc temperature) by convection or infrared, for 5 min.

[0327] - the final cooking is carried out in an oven between 230 and 380°C for 10 minutes, then the discs are left to cool.

[0328] - the thickness obtained is between 20 and 50 pm, preferably between 30 and 40 pm.

[0329] The coated discs are stamped to form 20 cm diameter pans. interior, with an aluminum stretch rate on the “skirt” (the circular vertical part) of 0%.

[0330] The aqueous composition of the coating layer is prepared according to the principle of ball milling. Ball milling consists of loading a jar with the sample to be ground and so-called grinding balls and rotating the jar around its axis at a certain speed. The rotation of the jar is generally carried out using a roller machine. The sample can be ground in dry form or dispersed in a suitable solvent (e.g. in water, in alcohol or in a solvent). The dispersion may also contain certain adjuvants (such as a dispersant or an antifoam).

[0331] The substrate is coated with the continuous coating layer 1 or 2 as described above. The assembly is heated between 250°C and 380°C for 15 min per hour, i.e. the process comprises only one baking step at a T°C > 250°C, after the deposition of the coating layer. EXAMPLE 1 % in solid phase after curing in the Thermoplastic coating % in solid phase after curing in the Thermoplastic coating PEAK / Heterocyclic Ratio Fillers % in solid phase after curing in the monolayer coating PAI: TORLONAI10 36.4% 76.5% PEEK dispersion: F804 40.1% PEEK / PAI: 52 / 48 laponite 5.3% Fillers: 20% Graphene 15.1% Sikkopal K0098FK 2.7% Moussex 7114HL 0.4% 100.0% EXAMPLE 1 in liquid form Solid extract (%) of the Liquid Composition PAI: TORLONAI10 18.00 90% laponite 2.37 Graphene 6.71 Butyl acetate (BA) 1.18 Water 19.44 Moussex 7114HL 0.20 Sikkopal K0098FK 1.18 PEEK dispersion: F804 50.91 35% TOTAL 100.00 Dry extract (%) of Liquid Composition = 44% EXAMPLE 2 % in solid phase after curing in the Thermoplastic coating % in solid phase after curing in the Thermoplastic coating PEAK / TP Ratio Aromatic Fillers % in solid phase after curing in the single-layer coating PES: VERADEL3100 USFP 7.4% 75.5% PEEK dispersion: F804 68.1% PEEK / PES: 90 / 10 laponite 5.6% Fillers: 21% Graphene 15.7% Sikkopal K0098FK 2.8% Moussex 7114HL 0.5% 100.0% Example 2 in liquid form Wet mass (gr) Liquid composition Dry extract (%) of the Liquid composition PES: VERADEL 3100USFP 3.18 laponite 2.39 Graphene 6.76 Butyl acetate (BA) 1.19 Water 1.59 Moussex 7114HL 0.20 Sikkopal K0098FK 1.19 PEEK dispersion: F804 83.50 35% TOTAL 100 Dry extract (%) of the liquid composition = 43% EXAMPLE 3 monolayer % in solid phase after curing in the coating Thermoplastics % in solid phase after curing in the coating PEAK / PTFE ratio Fillers % in solid phase after curing in the coating PTFE 35.9% 75.6% PEEK dispersion: F804 39.7% PEEK / PTFE: 52 / 48 Alumina CAHP-F240 9.6% Fillers: 21% Aerosil R972 11.5% Sikkopal K0098FK 2.8% Moussex 7114HL 0.5% 100.0% Example 3 in liquid form Wet mass (gr) Composition of the liquid Dry extract (%) of the Liquid composition PTFE 31.19 60% Alumina CAHP-F240 5.00 Aerosil R972 6.00 Butyl acetate (BA) 1.48 Water 1.97 Moussex 7114HL 0.25 Sikkopal K0098FK 1.48 PEEK dispersion: F804 59.10 35% TOTAL 106.4582763 49%

[0335] Example 4: multilayer with a base layer in accordance with Example 2 and a top layer in accordance with the composition described below: Top layer of example 4 % in solid phase after curing in the coating Thermoplastic s + Organopolysiloxane % in solid phase after curing in the coating Ratio PEAK / Organopolysilox ane Fillers % in solid phase after curing in the coating RS1 29.9 % 86.9 % PDMS_1 1.6 % PEEK dispersion: F804 55.4 % PEEK / (RS1+PDMS_1): 64 / 36 Aerosil R972 10.0 % Fillers: 10% Sikkopal K0098FK 2.7 % Moussex 7114HL 0.5 % 100.0 % Example 4 in liquid form Wet mass (gr) Composition of the liquid Solid extract (%) of the Liquid composition RS1 24.16 52% PDMS_1 1.07 62% Aerosil R972 4.19 Butyl acetate (BA) 1.14 Water 1.52 Moussex 7114HL 0.19 Sikkopal K0098FK 1.14 PEEK dispersion: F804 66.59 35% TOTAL 100 42%

[0337] [Tableauxô] EXAMPLE 5 monolayer % in solid phase after curing in the coating Thermoplastics % in solid phase after curing in the coating Thermoplastics PEAK / TP Ratio Aromatic Fillers % in solid phase after curing in the coating PES: VERADEL3100 USFP 61.7% 72.9% PEEK dispersion: F804 11.1% PEEK / PES: 15 / 85 Alumina CAHP-F240 9.4% Fillers: 21% Aerosil R972 11.2% Sikkopal K0098FK 5.6% Moussex 7114HL 0.9% 100.0% Example 5 in liquid form Wet mass (gr) Composition of the liquid Dry extract (%) of the Liquid composition PES: VERADEL3100 USFP 26.9 Alumina CAHP-F240 4.1 Aerosil R972 4.9 Butyl acetate (BA) 2.4 Water 44.9 Moussex 7114HL 0.4 Sikkopal K0098FK 2.4 PEEK dispersion: F804 13.9 35% TOTAL 100 44%

[0338] [Tables?] COUNTER-EXAMPLE % in solid phase after curing in the Thermoplastic coating % in solid phase after curing in the Thermoplastic coating PEAK / TP ratio Aromatic Fillers % in solid phase after curing in the El coating Monolayer VERADEL3100 USFP 15.0% 17.7% PEEK dispersion: F804 2.7% PEEK / PES: 15 / 85 Alumina CAHP-F240 30.3% Fillers: 76% Aerosil R972 45.4% Sikkopal K0098FK 6.1% Moussex 7114HL 0.6% 100.0% Counter-example 1 in liquid form Wet mass (gr) Composition of the liquid Dry extract (%) of the Liquid composition PES: VERADEL3100 USFP 6.5 Alumina CAHP-F240 13.1 Aerosil R972 19.7 Butyl acetate (BA) 3.9 Water 50.6 Moussex 7114HL 0.3 Sikkopal K0098FK 2.6 PEEK dispersion: F804 3.3 35% TOTAL 100 43% Results of swift, hot blade and abrasion tests

[0339] [Tables 8] Examples SWIFT TEST Drawability HOT BLADE ABRASION Number of cycles at the end of the test 1 ok No metal scratch 80,000 2 ok No metal scratch 120,000 3 ok No metal scratch 60,000 4 ok No metal scratch 140,000 5 ok No metal scratch 30,000 COUNTEREXAMPLE 1 NOK Metal scratch at 30 minutes 7,000

Claims

Claims

1. Coating (3) for household article on a metal support (2) in contact by one of its faces (3a) with the metal substrate (2) and visible to the user by its face (3b), which coating comprises either several layers, each comprising one or more poly-arylether ketone(s) (PAEK) and at least one of these layer(s) being made up of - at least 70% by weight of a polymeric phase, consisting of: • at least 50%, by weight of one or more polyarylether ketone(s) (PAEK), the remainder being chosen from the group consisting of one or more organopolysiloxane polymer(s), one or more aromatic thermoplastic polymer(s) other than PAEK, one or more heterocyclic thermoplastic polymer(s), and mixtures thereof, and optionally one or more fluorocarbon resin(s); or • at least 50%, by weight of one or more polymer(s) chosen from the group consisting of aromatic thermoplastic polymers other than PAEK, heterocyclic thermoplastic polymers, organopolysiloxane polymers and their mixtures, the remainder consisting of one or more polyarylether ketone(s) (PAEK), and optionally one or more fluorocarbon resin(s); - one or more charge(s); - possibly one or more additive(s); - possibly one or more coloring agent(s); or a monolayer consisting of: - at least 70% by weight of a polymeric phase, consisting of: • at least 50%, by weight of one or more polyarylether ketone(s) (PAEK), the remainder being chosen from the group consisting of one or more aromatic thermoplastic polymer(s) other than PAEK, one or more heterocyclic thermoplastic polymer(s), and mixtures thereof, and optionally one or more fluorocarbon resin(s); or • at least 50%, by weight of one or more polymer(s) chosen from the group consisting of aromatic thermoplastic polymers other than PAEK, heterocyclic thermoplastic polymers, and their mixtures, the remainder consisting of one or more polyarylether ketone(s) (PAEK), and optionally one or more fluorocarbon resin(s); - one or more filler(s); - optionally one or more additive(s); - optionally one or more coloring agent(s).

2. Coating (3) according to claim 1, characterized in that the polyarylether ketone(s) (PAEK) is / are chosen from the group consisting of polyetherketones (PEK), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyetherketoneketones (PEKK), polyetheretherketoneketones (PEEKK) and polyetherketoneetherketoneketones (PEKEKK) and mixtures thereof.

3. Coating (3) according to claim 1, characterized in that the aromatic thermoplastic polymer(s) other than PAEK is / are chosen from the group consisting of poly(phenylene oxide) (PPO), poly(arylethersulfone) polymer (PAES), and in particular poly-ethersulfone (PES), polyphenylene ether sulfone (PPSU), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), poly(arylene sulfide) (PAS), liquid crystal polymers and mixtures thereof.

4. Coating (3) according to claim 1, characterized in that the heterocyclic thermoplastic polymer(s) is / are chosen from the group consisting of polyetherimide (PEI), polyimides (PI), polyamide imides (PAI) and polybenzymidazole (PBI) and mixtures thereof.

5. Coating (3) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the organopolysiloxane polymer(s) is / are chosen from the group consisting of polymers obtained from organopolysiloxane polymeric or oligomeric precursors, either in the form of silicone oils with a variable degree of branching, or in the form of silicone resins with a variable degree of pre-crosslinking or copolymers of silicone resins such as silicone-polyester, silicone-alkyd, silicone-polyurethane, silicone-epoxy resins, or in the form of a mixture of silicone oils, silicone resins and copolymers of silicone resins.

6. Coating (3) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the or at least one of the polyarylether ketone(s) (PAEK) present in each of the layers is a polyetheretherketone (PEEK) or a polyetherketoneketone (PEKK).

7. Coating (3) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the aromatic thermoplastic polymer(s) other than PAEK comprise polyethersulfone (PES) or polyphenylene sulfide (PPS).

8. Coating (3) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the organopolysiloxane polymer(s) is / are a silicone oil or a copolymer of silicone resins.

9. Coating (3) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the polymeric phase comprises at least 60% by weight of one or more polyarylether ketone(s) (PAEK).

10. Coating (3) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the polymeric phase comprises at least 70% by weight of one or more polyarylether ketone(s) (PAEK).

11. Coating (3) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the polymeric phase comprises at least 60% by weight of one or more polymer(s) chosen from the group consisting of aromatic thermoplastic polymers other than PAEK, heterocyclic thermoplastic polymers, organopolysiloxane polymers and mixtures thereof.

12. Coating (3) according to claim 11, characterized in that the polymeric phase comprises at least 70% by weight of one or more polymer(s) chosen from the group consisting of aromatic thermoplastic polymers other than PAEK, heterocyclic thermoplastic polymers, organopolysiloxane polymers and mixtures thereof.

13. Coating (3) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the coating comprises several layers and all its layers comprise a polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and at least one of them is made up of: - at least 70% by weight of a polymeric phase made up of: • at least 50% by weight of a polyether ether ketone (PEEK), the remainder being made up of polyethersulfone (PES), and optionally PTFE; or • at least 50% by weight of polyethersulfone (PES), the remainder consisting of a polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and optionally PTFE - one or more fillers; - optionally one or more additives; - optionally one or more coloring agents.

14. Coating (3) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the coating comprises several layers and all its layers comprise a polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and at least one of them is constituted of: - at least 70% by weight of a polymeric phase constituted of: • at least 50% by weight of a polyether ether ketone (PEEK), the remainder being constituted of a silicone oil, and optionally PTFE; or • at least 50% by weight of a silicone oil, the remainder being constituted of a polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and optionally PTFE - one or more fillers; - optionally one or more additives; - optionally one or more coloring agents.

15. Coating (3) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the filler(s) is / are chosen from the group consisting of ceramic and / or mineral and / or metallic and / or hydrophobic silica fillers and / or diamond particles.

16. Coating (3) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is a non-stick coating.

17. Coated heating element (1) for a household article, comprising a metal substrate (2) coated on at least one face (2a) with a coating according to any one of the preceding claims, in contact by one of its faces (3a) with the metal substrate (2) and visible to the user by its face (3b).

18. A method of manufacturing a coated heating element (1) according to claim 17 comprising the following successive steps: i. Providing a metal substrate (2) having a face (2a), ii. Optionally, prior treatment of the face (2a) of said metal substrate (2) intended to be coated, iii. application of the layer(s) of the coating (3) on the face (2a), iv. firing of the element obtained in step iii.

19. A method of manufacturing a coated heating element (1) according to claim 18, characterized in that step iii is carried out by spraying, screen printing, roller application, electrostatic projection of the coating composition(s) in liquid or powder form of the layer(s) of the coating (3).

20. A method of manufacturing a coated heating element (1) according to claim 18, comprising a drying step between 80 and 150°C after application of each layer(s).

21. A method of manufacturing a coated heating element (1) according to claim 18 comprising a single final baking step iv. of all the applied layers.

22. A method of manufacturing a coated heating element (1) according to any one of claims 16 to 21, comprising a step of shaping said support (2) before or after step i or step iii.

23. Household article comprising a coated heating element (1) according to claim 17, characterized in that it is a culinary article and in that the face (3b) of the coating according to any one of claims 1 to 16 is capable of receiving food.

24. Culinary article according to claim 23 chosen from the group consisting of saucepan, frying pan, skillets or pots for fondue or raclette, stewpan, wok, sauté pan, crepe pan, grill, griddle, pot, casserole dish, cooker or bread machine bowl, and culinary mold.

25. An electrical cooking appliance comprising a coated heating element (1) and a heating source configured to heat said coated heating element (1), characterized in that said coated heating element (1) is in accordance with claim 17.

26. Electric cooking appliance according to claim 25, chosen from the group consisting of electric crepe maker, electric raclette appliance, electric fondue appliance, electric grill, electric griddle, electric cooker, bread machine, electric pressure cooking appliance.

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