Method for learning, by a control system of a mobile element for concealing a glazed surface, data relating to the exposure of this surface to the sun.

Abstract

COMMISSARIAT A L'ENERGIE ATOMIC ET AUX ENERGIES ALTERNATIVES Method for learning, by a system for controlling a mobile element for obscuring a glazed surface, data relating to the exposure to the sun of this surface Method for learning, by a system (8) for controlling an element (2) for obscuring a glazed surface, data relating to the exposure to the sun of this surface as a function of the period of the year and the time of day, the obscuring element being movable between extreme positions and carrying at least one irradiance sensor, the method comprising the steps of: carrying out several scans of sunlight at different dates and times, by controlling the obscuring element at each scan so as to cause it to move and by measuring the response of the sensor during its movement, generating said data at least from these scans. Figure for the abstract: Fig. 1

Description

Title of the invention: Method for learning, by a control system of a mobile element for concealing a glazed surface, data relating to the exposure of this surface to the sun.

[0001] The present invention relates to the automatic control of the position of occultation elements associated with glazed surfaces of a building or dwelling, with a view to optimizing the energy consumption of the building or dwelling and / or maximizing the comfort, in particular visual, of its occupants. Prior art

[0002] It is known from application EP3336300 to determine the solar power entering through an opening equipped with a roller shutter driven by an electric motor powered by a photovoltaic generator fixed to the roller shutter box, by measuring the short-circuit current of the generator and by calculating the surface area not obscured by the roller shutter letting the sun in, knowing its degree of opening. Knowledge of this information is useful for the climate management of the building.

[0003] A disadvantage of this method is its imprecision when the opening in question is subjected during certain periods of the year to the shade of vegetation, surrounding constructions or other parts of the building, for example.

[0004] Furthermore, application WO2014 / 102221 teaches fixing the photovoltaic generator used to recharge an accumulator on a screening element and determining, by moving the screening element and measuring a signal representative of the solar radiation on the generator, at least one position of the screening element allowing the accumulator to be recharged.

[0005] Application FR 3109789 aims to improve the installation described in application WO2014 / 102221 to avoid moving the occulting element towards the accumulator recharging position when the generator is not, at certain times of the year, suitably exposed to the sun in the recharging position, taking into account the orientation of the generator and / or the presence of projected shadows. To do this, the system takes into account the geographical location and a solar path diagram, in order to determine the trajectory of the sun seen by the occulting element. Statement of the invention

[0006] There remains a need to further improve the climate management of buildings or housing and in particular to take into account as best as possible the actual sunlight conditions of a given glazed surface during the year in the control of the various equipment contributing to the thermal and / or visual comfort of the occupants. Summary of the invention

[0007] The invention aims to meet this need and achieves this, according to one of its aspects, by means of a method for learning, by a system for controlling an element for obscuring a glazed surface, data relating to the exposure to the sun of this glazed surface as a function of the period of the year and the time of day, the obscuring element being movable between extreme positions relative to the glazed surface and carrying at least one irradiance sensor, the method comprising the steps consisting of: - carry out several scans of sunlight at different dates and times, controlling the occultation element at each scan so as to cause it to move and measuring the sensor's response during this movement, - generate said data at least from these scans.

[0008] The concealing element may be a vertically moving roller shutter apron.

[0009] The invention makes it possible to precisely determine the limit between the diffuse sunshine zone and the direct sunshine zone, at various times of the year and at various times of the day, and thus to acquire useful data for the climate management of the building or housing and / or to improve the visual comfort of the occupants, in a relatively simple and inexpensive way. The learning can be easy to implement on existing installations comprising windows or French windows already equipped with electric roller shutters, since it is sufficient to add one or more irradiance sensors to the roller shutter apron.

[0010] The method may include the calculation, for each acquisition date and time, of a quantity representative of the ratio of direct sunlight to the sum of direct and diffuse sunlight for the glazed surface affected by the occulting element.

[0011] The invention makes it possible to better characterize the boundary between direct and diffuse radiation on the glazed surfaces of buildings or dwellings, and can make it possible to minimize solar gains in summer while maximizing them in winter. It is also possible to improve visual comfort or optimize cooling by natural ventilation. For example, in summer conditions, the data resulting from the learning make it possible to modulate the opening of the shutters according to the incident irradiance calculated from this measurement and the desired level of illumination in the room. Launch of scans

[0012] At least one scan (or sweep) is carried out each season, and better every month. For example, the scans are carried out at least twice on the same date, at least one hour apart.

[0013] Scans can be performed at predefined times and dates, given by an acquisition table.

[0014] The method may include generating a scan schedule and broadcasting it to the user by a visual and / or audio message. The user may be asked to indicate whether or not they accept the proposed schedule, and to modify it if necessary. The schedule may take into account weather forecasts in order to only propose dates and times during which the measurement will be effective, in particular avoiding periods without direct sunlight due to cloud cover.

[0015] The method may include verifying the existence of a corresponding authorization from the user before performing a scan. This avoids launching a scan when the occupant does not wish to open or close their roller shutters, for example, or in their absence.

[0016] The method may include the recovery of weather forecast information before launching a scan, the latter being launched only if the forecast is compatible with the measurement of direct sunlight on the glass surface. This avoids unnecessary movements of the occulting element during periods of heavy cloud cover, during which measurements of the limit of direct sunlight cannot be carried out.

[0017] Several daily scans can be carried out, according to a predefined schedule, taking into account, for example, the presence or absence of occupants, and / or the times of sunrise and sunset.

[0018] Data from each scan may be recorded in electronic memory. Predefined course

[0019] The movement of the occulting element during a scan is preferably carried out over a predefined path.

[0020] The method may comprise acquiring the position of the occultation element before performing a scan, the piloting of the occultation element during the scan being carried out so as to return it to the position it occupied before the scan. The position of the occultation element before launching a scan may in particular be stored in the system.

[0021] The predefined stroke may correspond to a back and forth movement of the occulting element between its extreme positions. Sensor(s)

[0022] The irradiance sensor(s) may be arranged substantially at a free end of the occulting element, in particular its lower end. This may make it possible to maximize the extent scanned by each sensor when the occulting element is moved to perform the scan.

[0023] The occulting element may carry at least one irradiance sensor. The use of

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[0029]

[0030] multiple sensors allow more precise information to be collected to calculate the incoming solar flux. The or each sensor may be energy-autonomous, being powered by a battery, accumulator and / or photovoltaic panel. When the sensor is powered by a photovoltaic generator, the latter may only be used to power the sensor; it may thus be small in size, so that the sensor can be compact and easy to install. The sensor(s) can be attached to the concealing element by any means, for example by magnetization, gluing, screwing, tightening, etc., and the sensor(s) can also be integrated into the concealing element, for example into a roller shutter slat, during its manufacture. Each sensor can include an electronic circuit for transmitting its data via a wireless link, using any type of suitable protocol. Each sensor and the driving device of the occultation element can communicate via a wireless link with each other and / or communicate with a remote central unit, for example a home automation system. Climate management process The invention also relates to a method for climate management of a building or dwelling, comprising at least one glazed surface equipped with a movable occulting element, comprising the steps consisting of: - implementing the learning method according to the invention, as defined above, to generate data relating to the exposure to the sun of said glazed surface as a function of the period of the year and the time of day, the occultation element being provided at least during the learning phase with at least one irradiance sensor, - control the occultation element at least according to said data in order to best meet one or more predefined constraints, in particular in order to minimize energy consumption and / or improve visual and / or climatic comfort within the building or dwelling. The control of the occultation element can thus be done in a more precise manner by the precise calculation of the solar contributions transmitted within the building or dwelling by knowing the direct / diffuse irradiance fractions. For example, when solar gain through glazed surfaces must be minimized, only glazed surfaces exposed to direct sunlight can be obscured, so as to allow light to enter through glazed surfaces exposed to diffuse lighting. Where appropriate, when the system has memorized the direct / diffuse sunlight limit on a glazed surface at a given time, the obscuring element can be controlled so as to mask only the area receiving direct lighting, when this is possible. Steering system

[0031] The invention also relates to a system for controlling at least one occultation element equipping a glazed surface, comprising: - An electronic unit comprising a processor executing a program comprising instructions for implementing the learning method according to the invention, as defined above, this program being recorded in the electronic unit, then preferably for implementing the climate management method as defined above. - a memory for recording data acquired during learning. Occlusion device

[0032] The invention also relates to a device for concealing a glazed surface, in particular a roller shutter, comprising at least one autonomous irradiance sensor used for implementing the learning method according to the invention, as defined above.

[0033] By “autonomous”, it is meant that the sensor has its own energy source, and is therefore not powered by the same energy source as that which powers the electric motor moving the occulting element.

[0034] The occulting element may be a blind apron, the sensor being integrated or fixed to a lower slat of the apron.

[0035] The sensor may include a means of attachment to a roller shutter apron slat.

[0036] The device may comprise several light irradiance sensors arranged side by side on the blade.

[0037] This or these irradiance sensors can be powered by a battery or by a photovoltaic panel, the energy delivered by the battery or the panel being used exclusively for the operation of the sensor. Brief description of the drawings

[0038] The invention may be better understood by reading the detailed description which follows, non-limiting examples of its implementation, and by examining the attached drawing, in which:

[0039] [Fig-1] [Fig.l] represents, schematically and in perspective, an example of the occultation device according to the invention,

[0040] [Fig.2] [Fig.2] is a block diagram of an exemplary control system according to the invention,

[0041] [Fig.3] [Fig.3] represents a glazed surface equipped with a concealing device according to the invention,

[0042] [Fig.4] [Fig.4] represents an example of the evolution of the signal delivered by the sensor when moving the occultation element,

[0043] [Fig.5] [Fig.5] represents an example of the evolution of the signal delivered by the sensor during a scan corresponding to a round trip of the occultation element,

[0044] [Fig.6] [Fig.6] is an example of a matrix that can be completed when setting up implementation of the learning process,

[0045] [Fig.7] [Fig.7] is a flowchart illustrating steps of an example method learning according to the invention,

[0046] [Fig.8] [Fig.8] is a flowchart illustrating steps in selecting the direction of the die threading of the occultation element during a scan,

[0047] [Fig.9] [Fig.9] represents in perspective and schematically a variant of occultation device, and

[0048] [Fig. 10] [Fig. 10] is a block diagram of various constituent elements of an exemplary light sensor according to the invention. Detailed description

[0049] [Fig.l] shows an example of a concealment device 1 according to the invention, in the form of a motorized roller shutter, comprising a concealment element 2 consisting of a slatted apron, guided by vertical slides 3. The concealment device can be fitted to any type of glazed surface, for example a window or French window, bay window or roof window.

[0050] The occulting element 2 illustrated rolls up, when it rises, inside a box 4, in a manner known per se.

[0051] The last blade 5 of the apron carries a brightness sensor 6, for example placed halfway along the length of the blade.

[0052] The occulting device 1 comprises an electric motor controlled by a local electronic unit 10, shown schematically in [Fig.2].

[0053] This unit 10 may be part of a system 8 comprising a home automation system 20 or any other technical management system (BMS) of the building, communication between the unit 10 and the system 20 being carried out for example by a wireless link.

[0054] In [Fig.2], the possibility has been illustrated for the central unit 20 to communicate with the local electronic units 10 of several occultation devices, each equipped with at least one corresponding irradiance sensor 6, as well as with a man-machine interface 30, allowing the user to communicate with the central unit 20. This communication between the central unit 20, the interface 30, the sensors 6 and the units 10 can be done wirelessly.

[0055] The sensors 6 can communicate with the central unit 20 directly, as illustrated, or alternatively with the unit 10 of the corresponding occultation device. connecting sensor 6 to unit 10 can facilitate the exchange of information by requiring only a short-range wireless link.

[0056] Each sensor 6 may comprise, as illustrated in [Fig. 10], an energy source 60, a processing circuit 61 and a communication circuit 62; the energy source 60 is for example a photovoltaic generator which has a dual function, namely on the one hand producing electrical energy to recharge an accumulator used to electrically power the sensor, and on the other hand serving as an irradiance sensor, by measuring the short-circuit current that it delivers, for example. Alternatively, the energy source 60 is a battery, and the sensor 6 comprises a photodetector for measuring the light.

[0057] The processing circuit ensures the shaping of the signal representative of the received light intensity, for example in a digital form, and the communication circuit ensures its wireless transmission to the corresponding unit 10.

[0058] Of course, the system shown in [Fig.2] can be supplemented by numerous accessories such as switches or remote controls allowing occupants to operate the occultation elements, and the central unit 20 can have an internet connection to connect to an API delivering weather data, for example.

[0059] The central unit 20 can also control one or more heating or ventilation equipment.

[0060] In [Fig. 3] a glazed surface such as a window is shown, and the shadows projected onto it at a given time of the day and year, these shadows coming from different construction elements located in the environment of the opening.

[0061] The scan can typically be carried out by making the occulting element 2 travel back and forth from an initial high or low position, which returns the occulting element to its initial position and also makes it possible to determine its maximum vertical travel.

[0062] An example of recording the signal delivered by the irradiance sensor during a scan is illustrated in [Fig.5]. The measured irradiance is plotted on the ordinate. This figure shows the shaded / sunny area measurement threshold, the value of which is in the order of 200 to 280W / m2. This figure shows that the signal delivered by the sensor makes it possible to distinguish the areas of the glazed surface exposed to direct illumination from those exposed to diffuse illumination.

[0063] [Fig.4] shows an example of post-processing carried out. The distinction between areas receiving diffuse and direct radiation is obtained by comparison with the indicated threshold. Once post-processed, it is possible to extract at each scan a value Ld2 corresponding to the height in cm of the direct irradiation limit, Ld2 being at most equal to Lx, where Lx denotes the occulting height of the apron.

[0064] From each scan, a ratio representative of the length or extent of the glazed surface receiving direct illumination, relative to the total length or extent of the glazed surface, can be calculated; for example, if only the upper quarter of the glazed surface is in shadow, and the rest is exposed to direct sunlight, this ratio is equal to ¾.

[0065] The higher the ratio at a given time, the more solar power the glass surface receives, and vice versa.

[0066] Knowledge of this ratio thus makes it possible to know whether or not the glazed surface is actually exposed to direct sunlight at a given time during the year, and therefore to take this information into account to control the degree of occultation of this surface and / or other equipment, in order to optimize the thermal and / or visual comfort of the occupants or the energy consumption of the building or dwelling.

[0067] To recover this data providing information on the evolution of the sunlight on the glazed surfaces during the day and the year, and in particular to fill in the values ​​of an acquisition matrix such as that illustrated in [Fig.6], the learning method, the steps of which are illustrated in [Fig.7], can be implemented within, for example, the central unit 20, which then executes a corresponding computer program.

[0068] The method may comprise at a step 40 the generation of a schedule for triggering scans.

[0069] The acquisition matrix comprises, for example, two series of values ​​per month, 15 days apart, each series of values ​​on a given day comprising, for example, as many values ​​as there are times when the sun is up.

[0070] The schedule that is generated by default aims to fill the acquisition matrix on predefined dates.

[0071] The method may comprise step 41 consisting of retrieving, when a scan date approaches, from a weather server a forecast of average cloudiness on this date; then, the method comprises step 42 consisting of determining whether the cloudiness is greater than a given threshold, for example 80%, from the data received from the weather server.

[0072] In the event that the cloudiness exceeds this threshold, a time delay of a predefined duration, for example 24 hours, is launched, and the method resumes at step 4L.

[0073] In the case where the cloud cover is below said threshold, the program waits at step 43 for sunrise. This information can be given by the aforementioned acquisition matrix.

[0074] When the program determines that the sun is up, a scan can be initiated at step 45, after verifying at step 44 that the system has not received a prohibition user to do so.

[0075] Once the scan has been carried out, a time delay of a predefined period of time, for example one hour, is started, then the program checks at step 46 that the sun is still up before returning to step 44 and starting the next scan.

[0076] Once the series of scans has been carried out for a given day, the program can wait for the next date for carrying out the scans, as given by the schedule.

[0077] The performance of the scan as such can be controlled by the local electronic unit 10 or the central unit 20.

[0078] It may include recovering the position of the occulting element before launching the scan, in step 50, and if it is in the open position, making the occulting element perform a closing then reopening movement. If the occulting element is initially in the closed position, the movement is reversed, namely opening then re-closing.

[0079] When the occulting element is in motion, the signal delivered by the brightness sensor is acquired. The irradiance measurement carried out by the brightness sensor 6 is for example uploaded with a high frequency, for example every tenth of a second.

[0080] Once values ​​have been entered into the acquisition matrix, it is possible to take them into account to maximize solar inputs when desirable but also to minimize inputs during periods of high heat. It is also possible to improve visual comfort or optimize cooling by natural ventilation. For example, in summer conditions, knowing the values ​​determined by the scan makes it possible to prioritize opening windows on the facades that receive the least solar irradiance.

[0081] The learning process can be carried out throughout the year in order to characterize the irradiance measurement during the day and the seasons. The process can be implemented for one year from the commissioning of the system. The process can be repeated at the request of the user if a change around the habitat affecting in particular the masks (construction, trees, etc.) is noted.

[0082] In [Fig. 9], an alternative implementation of the invention is illustrated, where several irradiance sensors 6 are used, arranged side by side on the occultation element. This makes it possible to have a finer resolution of the measurement of the sunlight at the level of the glazed surface, and therefore a better precision of the control using this data.

[0083] The invention is not limited to the examples described.

[0084] The occultation device may be internal or external, and its opacity may be total or partial.

[0085] The data resulting from the implementation of the learning method according to the invention can be combined with other information, for example the presence or absence of occupants and / or the quality of the air, to control the blackout devices in order to achieve the desired goal.

Claims

Claims

1. Method for learning, by a system (8) for controlling an element (2) for occulting a glazed surface, data relating to the exposure to the sun of this surface as a function of the period of the year and the time of day, the occulting element being movable between extreme positions and carrying at least one irradiance sensor, the method comprising the steps consisting of: - carrying out several sunlight scans at different dates and times, by controlling the occulting element at each scan so as to cause it to move and by measuring the response of the sensor during its movement, - generating said data at least from these scans.

2. Method according to claim 1, at least one scan being carried out each season, better every month.

3. Method according to one of the preceding claims, the scans being carried out at least twice on the same date, at least one hour apart.

4. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, the occulting element being moved during the scans over a predefined path corresponding to a back and forth movement of the occulting element between its extreme positions.

5. A method according to any preceding claim, the sensor being disposed substantially at a free end of the occulting element.

6. A method according to any preceding claim, the occulting element being a vertically moving roller shutter apron.

7. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, the occulting element carrying at least two sensors (6) arranged next to each other on the occulting element.

8. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising the calculation for each acquisition date of a scan of a quantity representative of the ratio of direct sunlight to the sum of direct and diffuse sunlight for the glazed surface affected by the occulting element.

9. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, the scans being carried out at predefined times and dates, given by an acquisition table.

10. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising the recovery of weather forecast information before launching a scan, the latter only being launched if the forecast is compatible with the measurement of direct sunlight on the glass surface.

11. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising the generation of a scan schedule and its dissemination to the user by a visual and / or audible message.

12. A method according to any preceding claim, comprising checking for the existence of a corresponding user authorization before performing a scan.

13. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising acquiring the position of the occultation element before performing a scan, the piloting of the occultation element during the scan being carried out so as to return after the scan the occultation element to the position which it occupied before the scan.

14. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, the sensor (6) being energy autonomous, being in particular powered by a battery, accumulator and / or photovoltaic panel.

15. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, the sensor (6) and the device for driving the occulting element communicating by a wireless link between them and / or with a remote central unit (20).

16. Method for climate management of a building or dwelling comprising at least one glazed surface equipped with a movable occulting element, comprising the steps consisting of: - implementing the learning method according to any one of the preceding claims to generate data relating to the exposure to the sun of said surface as a function of the period of the year and the time of day, the occulting element being provided at least during a learning phase with at least one irradiance sensor (6), - controlling the occulting element at least as a function of said data so as to best respond to one or more predefined constraints, in particular in order to minimize energy consumption and / or improve visual and / or climatic comfort within the building or dwelling.

17. System for controlling at least one occultation element equipping a glazed surface, comprising: - an electronic unit comprising a processor executing a program comprising instructions for implementing the learning method according to any one of claims 1 to 15, this program being recorded in the electronic unit, then preferably for implementing the climate management method of claim 16, - a memory for recording the data acquired during the learning.

18. Device for concealing a glazed surface, in particular a roller shutter, comprising at least one autonomous irradiance sensor (6) used for implementing the learning method according to any one of claims 1 to 15.

19. Device according to claim 18, the occulting element being a roller shutter apron, the sensor being integrated or fixed to a lower slat of the apron.

20. Device according to claim 19, comprising several irradiance sensors (6) arranged side by side on the blade.

21. Device according to any one of claims 18 to 20, the sensor(s) (6) being powered by a battery or by a photovoltaic panel, the energy delivered by the battery or the panel being used exclusively for the operation of the sensor.

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