Inductive transmission system for transmitting electrical energy to a rotor excitation winding

Abstract

Title: Inductive transmission system for transmitting electrical energy to a rotor excitation winding. Stator (2) for an electrically excited synchronous machine (1) comprising a multi-phase stator winding (7) with multiple phase branches and a primary part (10p) of an inductive system for the rotor excitation winding (3); the primary winding (14) of the primary part (10p) is formed by several hybrid branch forms of the winding; and the branches generating the rotating field driving the rotor (3) are the field of the transmission system. Each hybrid branch comprises two hybrid partial branches which, in different stator partial windings, each partial winding (7.1, 7.2) comprises hybrid partial branches of different phases (U, V, W) connected to a star point (15). Figure 1A

Description

Title of the invention: Inductive transmission system for transmitting electrical energy to a rotor excitation winding FIELD OF INVENTION

[0001] The present invention relates to an inductive transmission system for transmitting electrical energy to a rotor winding from a stator and rotor of an electrically excited synchronous machine. The invention also relates to the electrically excited synchronous machine thus constructed. STATE OF THE ART

[0002] An electrically excited synchronous machine is already known according to document JP H04 347566 A, with a polyphase stator winding comprising several phase branches and a primary part of an inductive transmission system for transmitting electrical energy to an excitation winding of a rotor of the synchronous machine, the primary part of the inductive transmission system having a primary transmission winding, formed of several phase branches, hybrids of the stator winding which serve both as respective hybrid branches to generate a rotating field of a three-phase current system for driving the rotor and also to generate the transmission field of the transmission system and which receive both a phase current from the three-phase current system and also a primary transmission current from the transmission system.

[0003] The transmission system of document JP H04 347566 has relatively high ohmic losses because the excitation current is injected into a network of resistors bearing the reference 8. Thus, part of the three-phase current of the three-phase current system passes with significant ohmic losses in the resistors of the resistor network; thus part of the three-phase current does not participate in the generation of the torque, which is a disadvantage.

[0004] The excitation current of the transmission system flows through the resistances of the resistor network, such that a large part of the supplied power is lost in the resistances of the resistor network. The requirements for the three-phase current system and the transmission system are opposite because high conductivity of the resistances improves the efficiency of the excitation current injection but degrades the efficiency of the three-phase current injection. An excitation current source, designated 7, is galvanically isolated from the three-phase current system, which represents a significant implementation. In document JP H04 347566, the excitation current is injected into the star point of the winding of stator. Next, the excitation current flows through the hybrid branches and then through corresponding nodes via the resistor network 8 back to the excitation current source 7. The number of poles of the rotating field (two poles) is less than the number of poles of the transmission field (six poles). This results in a higher parasitic inductance in the transmission system. The hybrid branches are connected in parallel from the transmission current.

[0005] An electrically excited synchronous machine is already known according to US patent 20050218740 A1, which has a stator with a multi-phase stator winding and several phase branches, as well as a primary part of an inductive transmission system for transmitting electrical energy to the excitation winding of the rotor of the synchronous machine. The primary part of the inductive transmission system comprises a primary transmission winding.Furthermore, the electrically excited synchronous machine according to US20050218740 A1 has a rotor with a field winding that generates the rotor field to excite the synchronous machine, and a secondary part of an inductive transmission system to transmit electrical energy to the rotor field winding. The secondary part of the inductive transmission system has a secondary transmission winding to provide an alternating transmission voltage and a rectifier circuit that acts as a rectifier to rectify the transmitted alternating current into a secondary direct current voltage for the field winding. The disadvantage of this solution is that both the primary and secondary parts of the inductive transmission system are transmission units installed within the rotor cavity.

[0006] The transmission unit requires a relatively large volume, and thus this additional component generates extra costs. The transmission unit comprises an excitation stator and an excitation rotor cooperating by induction like a transformer. Transmitting power with a transformer as an additional component requires that the transformer be as small as possible to reduce cost and size, which generally necessitates an increase in the electrical frequency, degrades efficiency, and increases the complexity of the system.

[0007] DESCRIPTION AND ADVANTAGES OF THE INVENTION

[0008] The present invention relates to a synchronous machine stator of the type defined above, characterized in that each hybrid branch of the stator winding comprises two hybrid partial branches located in two different stator partial windings belonging to the same phase, and

[0009] - each partial stator winding comprises several, and in particular three hybrid partial branches of different phases wired in a star configuration with a star point.

[0010] The stator according to the invention of an electrically excited synchronous machine as defined above has the advantage, compared to the prior art, of reducing ohmic losses in the transmission system because the low-ohmic stator winding is used as the transmission winding. The primary transmission winding is formed by the hybrid branch of the stator winding, which serves both to generate the rotating field of the three-phase current system for driving the rotor and also to generate the transmission field of the transmission system. In other words, the primary transmission winding also incorporates a portion of the stator winding or is integrated into the stator winding. Since the stator winding functions as the primary transmission winding, no additional winding is required in the stator.Compared to a transmission unit manufactured as an additional component, this saves the space required for the primary part of the inductive transmission system. Furthermore, the manufacturing cost of the transmission system, particularly for the primary or secondary part, is reduced compared to a separate, non-integrated transmission system.

[0011] Since the magnetic circuit of the machine in actual operation is mainly used only partially in time on the magnetic plane or is saturated, and the excitation power to be transmitted is small compared with the power of the three-phase current, the transmission field can be superimposed on the rotating field.

[0012] In particular, all branches of the stator winding are hybrid branches. The wiring of the hybrid partial branches of the stator winding includes both series connection of hybrid partial branches and parallel connection of hybrid partial branches.

[0013] The realization of the stator applies in addition to an eight-pole synchronous machine, also to a six-pole machine.

[0014] Advantageously, the hybrid partial branches of the respective hybrid branch are offset by a first offset angle, in particular in the case of eight stator poles, the mechanical angle is 90° and in the case of six stator poles, the mechanical offset is 180°, and especially compared to the other partial occupancy models described in the pole group occupancy pattern. In this way, each hybrid branch generates, from the DC component of the current of hybrid partial branches of the same phase, a three-phase field component with the number of poles of the three-phase field, and from the current difference of two hybrid partial branches of the same phase, a transmission field with the number of poles of the transmission field.

[0015] According to a first advantageous example, the hybrid partial branches belonging to the same stator winding phase, different for two of the three phases, are electrically connected, respectively, by a partial winding link.

[0016] Each partial winding connection includes a coupling branch for the common current and voltage supply of the connected hybrid partial branches and for connection to an inverter. The two hybrid partial branches belonging to the same phase each have a single connection for connection to an inverter, or the hybrid partial branches of each stator partial winding each have a single connection for connection to an inverter. Through the coupling branch, a component of the transmission current can pass from one of the stator partial windings to the other stator partial winding.

[0017] According to a second advantageous embodiment, the hybrid partial branches of each stator partial winding respectively comprise a simple connection for connection to an inverter.

[0018] According to a first embodiment, the hybrid branches, which have different phases with respect to the excitation current, are connected in parallel between the two star points. In this parallel configuration, the excitation current largely flows through the path of least impedance. The hybrid branch with the lowest impedance thus carries more current, which reduces the negative effect of the dispersed inductance dependent on the rotor position. The active poles in the transmission field of the hybrid branches together form larger poles with a higher number of turns, which decreases the dispersed inductance and increases the magnetic field. The hybrid branches with the coupling connection carry, on average over time, half of the excitation current and thus generate fewer significant flux losses in the air gap, thereby reducing troublesome vibrations, noise, and torque ripple.

[0019] According to a second advantageous embodiment, the hybrid partial branches of each stator partial winding have, respectively, a simple connection for connection to an inverter. The current of each hybrid partial branch is injected by the inverter so that the sum of all the currents at the star point is zero, in particular both the sum of the three-phase current components will be equal to zero and also the sum of the transmission current components will be equal to zero, in particular so that the amplitudes of the transmission current components of the first and second phases correspond to half the amplitude of the transmission currents of the third phase.

[0020] Particularly advantageously, in the case of eight stator poles, the partial branches of the respective hybrid branch are connected in the same direction of polarity to the star point of the respective stator partial winding and in the case With six stator poles, the partial branches of the respective hybrid branch are connected in opposite directions to the star point of the respective stator partial winding. In this way, each hybrid branch generates, from the DC current component of two hybrid partial branches of the same phase to the star point, a rotating field component with the number of poles of the rotating field, and from the current difference of two hybrid partial branches of the same phase to the star point, a transmission field with the number of poles of the transmission field.

[0021] Advantageously, in the same partial stator winding, a second hybrid partial branch is offset relative to a first hybrid partial branch by a second offset angle and a third hybrid partial branch is offset relative to the first hybrid partial branch by a third offset angle, of the same magnitude as the second offset angle but in the opposite direction in the stator, in particular in the case of eight stator poles, the mechanical offset is + / -15° and in the case of six stator poles, the mechanical offset is + / -80°, the first hybrid partial branch of the respective partial stator winding having a simple branch.

[0022] In this way, the angular offset of the transmission fields generated by the hybrid branches with the excitation current is small so that they combine mainly in an additive manner and together generate a stronger transmission field.

[0023] Advantageously, in the case of eight stator poles, in each stator partial winding of the first hybrid partial branch, relative to the second and third hybrid partial branches, the connection is in the opposite direction to the star point, and in the case of six stator poles, in each stator partial winding, all hybrid partial branches are connected in the same direction to the star point. In this way, an electrical phase angle of 120° is obtained between the hybrid branches for the magnetic fields generated by the three-phase current components, which generates a rotating magnetic field.The electric phase angle between the magnetic fields generated by the transmission current components of the hybrid branches is small, specifically 30° electric in a four-pole field, so the magnetic fields generated by the hybrid branches combine mainly, additively, and thus together form a stronger transmission field.

[0024] In the case of the six-pole stator embodiment, in each of the stator partial windings, all the hybrid partial branches meet at the star point, being polarized in the same direction. In this way, there are electrical phase angles of 120° between the magnetic fields generated by the components of Three-phase current flows through the hybrid branches, resulting in a rotating magnetic field. The electrical phase angle between the magnetic fields generated by the hybrid branches and the transmission current components is small, specifically 40 electrical degrees in a four-pole field, so the magnetic fields generated by the hybrid branches combine primarily, additively, and thus together form a stronger transmission field.

[0025] According to an advantageous embodiment, the respective hybrid branch, per pole, occupies a group of stator grooves, respectively, according to the same pole occupancy pattern, forming a group of poles with conductors of the same phase. The pole occupancy pattern of a desired group of poles is a complete occupation of all conductor positions in the group of grooves, and the pole occupancy pattern of a desired group of poles includes an occupation without leaving any gaps, the gaps being occupied by conductors of another phase. The groove groups of a desired group of poles comprise, in particular, two or three adjacent stator grooves, and the groove group of a desired group of poles comprises, in particular, three or four adjacent stator grooves. In this way, for the machine design, the appropriate number of turns is applied to meet the power and torque requirements.The limitation of the harmonic air gap and a low torque ripple result from the desired pole groups.

[0026] According to another advantageous feature, in the pole occupancy pattern of a desired pole group, the two outer stator grooves receive, for half, conductors from the respective hybrid branch and for the other half gaps, the outer stator groove having an occupancy inverse to that of the other outer stator groove of the same respective pole group, for the occupancy and the gaps, in the pole occupancy pattern at least one inner stator groove of the pole group only conductors from the respective hybrid branch.

[0027] Thus, the magnetic field path at the transition from hybrid branch to hybrid branch is more constant, which reduces the annoying harmonics.

[0028] According to an advantageous development, only the drivers of both hybrid partial branches or the drivers of only one of the two hybrid partial branches are provided for in the pole occupancy pattern of the respective pole group.

[0029] The pole occupancy pattern of several pole groups, in particular four groups, which are offset from the angle of a stator pole, forms a pole group occupancy pattern; the two hybrid partial branches of the respective hybrid branch have a partial occupancy pattern identical in the pole group occupancy pattern; the partial occupancy pattern of a branch hybrid partial exhibits, relative to the partial occupancy pattern of the other hybrid partial branch in the stator, a shift corresponding to the first shift angle.

[0030] Hybrid branches thus make it possible to generate at the same time a rotating field and a transmission field.

[0031] The rotor according to the invention, with the above characteristics, has the advantage over the prior art of integrating only the secondary excitation winding of the rotor into, or being formed by, a portion of the excitation winding. The partial branch of the respective excitation branch with the hybrid coil device serves both for the electrical excitation of the synchronous machine and for the secondary transmission of the transmission system. The hybrid coil devices are also traversed by both the direct excitation current and the alternating transmission current, thus utilizing the conductor cross-section in the time average, so that for the same overall rotor excitation, there is less power loss on the rotor, resulting in less rotor heating and thus higher system efficiency and greater sustained power.Furthermore, the space required for the secondary transmission winding on the rotor is saved, which can, for example, allow for an increase in the number of turns or the cross-section of the conductors in the other windings.

[0032] This rotor equipment, in addition to an eight-pole synchronous machine, can also be applied to a six-pole machine.

[0033] To that end,

[0034] The excitation winding comprises at least one, and in particular a single excitation branch,

[0035] - the respective excitation branch comprises two groups of excitation coils, connected in series, each having several excitation coils,

[0036] the two groups of excitation coils have respectively an even or an odd number of excitation coils which corresponds to half the number of rotor teeth, in particular three or four,

[0037] - the secondary transmission winding is formed by a partial branch hybrid on the respective excitation branch and which is connected between two groups of excitation coils of the respective excitation branch and includes a secondary hybrid coil device,

[0038] - the hybrid coil device has several pairs of transmission coils connected in parallel, formed respectively by two transmission coils in series, are respectively designed to generate an alternating transmission voltage through inductive cooperation with the primary part of the transmission system, thus that a DC current input connected to one of the two excitation coil groups and a DC current output connected to the other excitation coil group.

[0039] Advantageously, each rotor tooth has one of the excitation coils and one of the transmission coils, the number of turns of the respective transmission coil being less than the number of turns of the respective excitation coil, so as to generate the necessary alternating transmission voltage. This makes it possible to tune and optimize the ohmic resistance of the winding device and the transfer voltage on the rotor, in particular, taking into account the rectifier semiconductors of the rectifier circuit; thus, the optimum between current and voltage is achieved.

[0040] The rotor coils are installed on the rotor so as to be able to wind as many rotor coils as possible with the same wire and without interruption thereof, by proceeding successively, which makes it possible to reduce the manufacturing rate time.

[0041] According to another advantageous feature, the excitation coils of an even number of excitation coil groups are connected in pairs with respect to the series excitation coil pairs and the excitation coil pairs of the even number of excitation coil groups are connected in series or in parallel or the excitation coils of an even number of excitation coil groups are connected in series.

[0042] According to another advantageous feature, the rotor has an even number of rotor teeth, in particular six or eight rotor teeth, the rotor teeth being numbered from one of the rotor teeth in the peripheral direction, with numbers in the ascending direction, the excitation coils of one of the two groups of excitation coils are provided only on the rotor teeth of even number and the excitation coils of the other group of excitation coils are provided only on the rotor teeth of odd number, in particular in the case of groups of excitation coils in odd number or in the case of groups of excitation coils in even number, the excitation coils of the respective pair of excitation coils are on different rotor teeth, between which there is a determined partial number of rotor grooves less than the number of rotor grooves and corresponding to twice the odd integer.

[0043] Thus, the electrical voltage between the connections of the excitation coil group is not influenced by the transmission field, which allows for a regular supply of the excitation current. The electrical voltage between the connections of the excitation coil group is the sum of the voltages of the excitation coils connected in series in the excitation coil group.

[0044] According to another advantageous feature, the number of transmission coil pairs per hybrid coil device corresponds to half the number of rotor teeth, in particular to the number three or four, the transmission coils of the respective transmission coil pair being on two different rotor teeth between which there is a determined partial number of rotor grooves which, in the case of an even number of transmission coil pairs per hybrid coil device is less than the number of rotor grooves and corresponds to twice the odd integer number and which, in the case of an odd number of transmission coil pairs per hybrid coil device corresponds to half the number of rotor grooves.

[0045] Thus, the voltage between the connections of the transmission coil pairs is not influenced by the transmission field, which allows the transmission coil pairs to be connected in parallel and provides a steady supply of excitation current to the transmission coil pair. Furthermore, in this way, a voltage induced by the transmission field is obtained at the intermediate node of the transmission coil pair, which can then be fed into a rectifier.

[0046] The transmission coils of the respective pair of transmission coils are connected in the same direction, in series, in the case of an even number of pairs of transmission coils per hybrid coil device so that for the supply of the pair of transmission coils oriented from the DC input to the DC output, the corresponding rotor teeth are magnetized in the same radial direction, and they are connected in opposition, in series in the case of an odd number of pairs of transmission coils per hybrid coil device so that for the supply of the pair of transmission coils going from the DC input to the DC output, the corresponding rotor teeth are magnetized in the opposite radial direction.

[0047] Thus, the excitation coils generate a rotor-side excitation field with a magnetization direction that alternates from one tooth to another to generate the torque cooperating with the synchronous rotating field of the stator.

[0048] The transmission coils of the hybrid coil device, in the case of an even number of pairs of transmission coils per hybrid coil device, are connected to the DC input or DC output so that for a supply of pairs of transmission coils, the odd-numbered rotor teeth are magnetized in the opposite radial direction to that of the even-numbered rotor teeth, and the transmission coils installed on the even-numbered rotor teeth, in the case of an odd number of pairs of transmission coils per hybrid coil device, they are all connected to the DC input or all connected to the DC output.

[0049] Thus, the transmission coils generate a rotor-side excitation field to obtain a torque that cooperates with the synchronous rotating field of the stator. Furthermore, the transmission coils act in this way as the secondary winding of a transformer to receive electrical energy from the stator and thus power the rotor.

[0050] Advantageously, in the case of an even number of transmission coil pairs per hybrid coil device, each transmission coil connected to the DC input forms with another transmission coil, connected to the DC input, a branching pair whose transmission coils are on two different rotor teeth, between which there is a determined partial number of rotor grooves which is less than the number of rotor grooves and corresponds to twice the odd integer.

[0051] Thus, the sum of the currents supplied by the pairs of connections at the DC input and DC output is equal to zero because the voltages and currents at the intermediate nodes have the same magnitude but different algebraic signs. Therefore, the current in the excitation coils is not influenced by the transmission current, even though the transmission coils are connected in series with the excitation coils.

[0052] According to another advantageous feature, the hybrid coil device has several respective AC voltage outputs connected to an AC voltage input of one of the rectifier circuits, the number of AC voltage outputs corresponds in particular to the number of pairs of transmission coils per hybrid coil device, the respective AC voltage output being an intermediate node between the transmission coils of the respective pair of transmission coils, the AC voltage outputs are connected respectively to an AC voltage input of one of the rectifier circuits.

[0053] Thus, the alternating voltages and alternating currents at the intermediate nodes of the pairs of transmission coils, supplied by the transmission field, are rectified by a rectifier and the excitation coils are thus supplied for the excitation of the rotor.

[0054] Advantageously, the rotor includes, in addition to excitation coils installed on the rotor and transmission coils, a short-circuited corrugated winding which passes with a short-circuited conductive branch along a corrugated path through all the rotor grooves, which eliminates or reduces voltage spikes in the excitation and transmission coils, thus protecting the rectifier circuits.

[0055] The electrically excited synchronous machine according to the invention has, compared to the prior art, the advantage of reducing the cost and size of the inductive transmission system and thus lowering the manufacturing cost of the synchronous machine. Furthermore, a larger portion of the harmonic voltages and current ripples generated by pulse-width modulation are used for stator-side excitation, making machine excitation possible with a three-phase inverter of the same chip area, without an excitation function. The need to increase the inverter's chip area to integrate the excitation function is thus reduced or completely eliminated.

[0056] The number of poles of the transmission system is half the number of poles of the three-phase current system if the number of poles of the three-phase current system is a multiple of four. The number of poles of the transmission system is four if the three-phase current system has six poles.

[0057] The invention also relates to a control system for the synchronous machine according to the invention. This control system comprises an inverter and an inverter control device. The inverter has inverter outputs to provide the phase voltages for supplying power to the stator winding, and for each coupling or single connection of the stator winding, there is one of the inverter outputs.

[0058] The invention also relates to a method of managing a synchronous machine equipped with a control installation to control the inverter for the operation of the synchronous machine so that the simple connections of the partial stator windings receive respectively a sum current composed of a part of the phase current of the three-phase system, in particular with a half amplitude and a part of an excitation current of the transmission system, the excitation current being an alternating current or a direct current.

[0059] In the implementation of the stator winding with coupling connections, these connections respectively receive the phase current of the three-phase system with the full amplitude, and on the two single connections of the same phase, the portion of the excitation current with the opposite algebraic sign. This allows the machine to operate with four inverter outputs, the two inverter outputs for the single connections having a lower current capacity, specifically half the carrier current capacity compared to the two inverter outputs of the coupling connections; this allows the machine to be excited with an unchanged total chip area for the inverter, thus reducing manufacturing and development costs. Brief description of the drawings

[0060] The present invention will be described in more detail below with the aid of examples of embodiments of synchronous machines according to the invention shown in the accompanying drawings in which:

[0061] [Fig.IA] Diagram of a first example of an embodiment of an electrically excited synchronous machine according to the invention,

[0062] [Fig.1B] Diagram of a second embodiment of an electrically excited synchronous machine,

[0063] [Fig.2A] Stator winding wiring according to the invention of the stator of [Fig.1A] for an eight-pole stator,

[0064] [Fig.2B] wiring of a stator winding according to the invention of [Fig.1B] for a six-pole stator,

[0065] [Fig.3A] wiring of a stator winding according to the invention of [Fig.1A] for a six-pole stator,

[0066] [Fig.3B] wiring of a stator winding according to the invention of the stator of [Fig.1B] for a six-pole stator,

[0067] [Fig.4] undeveloped hybrid branch device according to the invention for an eight-pole, three-phase current system,

[0068] [Fig.5] undeveloped hybrid branch device according to the invention for a six-pole, three-phase current system,

[0069] [Fig.6] first variant of an undeveloped hybrid branch device according to the invention for an eight-pole three-phase current system,

[0070] [Fig.7] second variant of an undeveloped hybrid branch device according to the invention for an eight-pole three-phase current system,

[0071] [Fig.8] First variant of an undeveloped hybrid branch device according to the invention for a six-pole, three-phase current system,

[0072] [Fig.9] second variant of an undeveloped hybrid branch device according to the invention for a three-phase current system for six poles,

[0073] [Fig. 10A] rotor excitation assembly according to the invention for an eight-pole, three-phase current system,

[0074] [Fig. 10B] rotor according to the invention with rotor excitation circuit coils according to [Fig. 1OA] for an eight-pole, three-phase current system,

[0075] [Fig. 11 A] rotor excitation assembly according to the invention for a system of three-phase current with six poles and,

[0076] [Fig. 1 IB] rotor according to the invention with a rotor excitation circuit and coil according to [Fig. 11 A] for a six-pole alternating current system.

[0077] DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT METHODS OF THE INVENTION

[0078] Fig. 1A shows a diagram of an electrically excited synchronous machine according to a first embodiment.

[0079] The electrically excited synchronous machine 1 comprises a stator 2 and a rotor 3 according to the invention.

[0080] The stator 2 has a polyphase stator winding 7, in particular three-phase, passing through the branches 6 of a stator body 5; this winding has several phase branches 8. The stator 2 further includes a primary part lOp of an inductive transmitter system 10 for transmitting electrical energy into an excitation winding 13 of the rotor 3 of the synchronous machine 1.

[0081] The primary part lOp of the inductive transmitter system 10 comprises a primary transmitter winding 14 formed by several hybrid phase branches 8 of the stator winding 7. The hybrid phase branches 8 serve as hybrid branches 9 both to generate the rotating field of a three-phase current system for driving the rotor 3 and also to generate a transfer field of the transmitter system 10. The hybrid branches 9 associated respectively with one of the phases VW can respectively receive both a phase current from the three-phase current system and also a transmitter current from the transmitter system 10. For example, each of the phase branches 8 of the stator winding 7 is a hybrid branch 9.

[0082] According to the invention, each hybrid branch 9 of the stator winding 7 comprises two hybrid partial branches 9.1, 9.2 which are located in the two different stator partial windings 7.1, 7.2 and which belong to the same phase U,V,W. Each stator partial winding 7.1, 7.2 has, according to the invention, several, in particular three hybrid partial branches 9.1, 9.2 of different phases U, V, W which are connected in a star configuration with a star point 15.

[0083] According to a first embodiment in [Fig. 1 A], the same hybrid partial branches 9.1, 9.2 belonging to the same phase V, W are electrically connected for two of the three phases V, W respectively by a partial winding connection 16; each of the partial winding connections 16 has a coupling connection 17 for the common current and voltage supply of the connected partial branches 9.1, 9.2 as well as for connection to an inverter output 51 of an inverter 50. The two hybrid partial branches 9.1, 9.2 belonging to the same phase U each have a simple connection 18 for connection to one of the outputs of the inverter 50.

[0084] The three-phase current system of the synchronous machine 1 has a first number of poles, and the inductive transmitter system has a second number of poles. The (second) number of poles of the transmitter system corresponds, for example, to half the (first) number of poles of the three-phase current system if the number of poles of the three-phase current system is a multiple of four. The number of poles of the transmitter system is, for example, equal to four if the three-phase current system has six poles.

[0085] The overall system also includes a control unit 60 for controlling the electrically excited synchronous machine 1. The control unit 60 comprises the inverter 50 with inverter outputs 51 and a control device 61 for controlling the inverter 50. The inverter outputs 51 provide the phase voltages for supplying power to the stator winding 7. For each connection of the two partial stator branches 7.1, 7.2, one of the inverter outputs 51 is provided.

[0086] The control device 61 controls the inverter 50 to activate the synchronous machine 1 so as to inject a sum current into the simple connections 18 of the partial stator windings 7.1, 7.2; the three-phase current system with a part of a phase current in particular at half amplitude and a part of an excitation current of the transmitter system 10 whose excitation current is a variant or is the direct current.

[0087] In the coupling connections 17 according to the first embodiment, a phase current from the three-phase current system at full amplitude is injected respectively on the simple connections 18 belonging to the same phase, the part of the excitation current having different algebraic signs.

[0088] Fig. 1B is a diagram of an electrically excited synchronous machine according to the invention corresponding to a second embodiment.

[0089] The second embodiment according to [Fig.1B] differs from that of [Fig.1A] in that the hybrid partial branches 9.1, 9.2 of each stator partial winding 7.1, 7.2 have respectively a simple connection 18 for connection to one of the outputs 51 of the inverter 50.

[0090] The hybrid partial branches 9.1, 9.2 of the respective hybrid branch 9 are offset for both embodiments according to figures IA and IB in the stator body 5, by a first offset angle; in particular, in the case of eight stator poles, the offset is a mechanical offset of 90°; in the case of six stator poles the mechanical offset is 180° (Table 1 for the first embodiment and Table 2 for the second embodiment, respectively the second column "mechanical position").

[0091] Table 1 shows, for the three-phase, eight-pole current system according to [Fig. 2A] or [Fig. 2B], the angular positions in the stator for the simple hybrid partial branches. Column 2 of Table 1 gives the mechanical angular position of the hybrid partial branches; column 3 gives the magnetic phase angular positions of the hybrid partial branches for the rotating field (eight poles); in column 4, the magnetic phase angular positions of the hybrid partial branches for the transmission field (eight poles); column 5 indicates the resulting magnetic phase angular position. rotating field parts generated from hybrid partial branches for the rotating field (eight poles) taking into account the direction of the current of the three-phase current components; column 6 indicates the resulting magnetic phase angular positions of the generated transmission field components of the hybrid partial branches of the generated transmission field components of the hybrid partial branches for the transfer field (4 poles) taking into account the direction of the current in the transmission current components.

[0092] Table 2 shows the angular positions in the stator for the simple hybrid partial branches of the six-pole three-phase current system according to Figures 3A or 3B.Column 2 of Table 2 gives the mechanical angular positions of the hybrid partial branches; column 3 gives the magnetic phase angular positions of the hybrid partial branches for the rotating field (6 poles); column 4 gives the magnetic phase angular positions of the hybrid partial branches for the transmission field (4 poles); column 5 gives the resulting magnetic phase angular positions of the generated rotating field components of the hybrid partial branches for the rotating field (6 poles), taking into account the direction of the current of the three-phase current components; column 6 gives the resulting magnetic phase angular positions of the generated transmission field components of the hybrid partial branches for the transmission field (4 poles), taking into account the direction of the current of the transmission current components.

[0093] In the same partial stator winding 7.1, 7.2, for the two embodiment examples according to [Fig.1A] and [Fig.1B], there is a second hybrid partial branch 9.1, 9.2 (for example, phase V) offset relative to the first hybrid partial branch 9.1, 9.2 (for example, of phase U) by a second offset angle and a third hybrid partial branch 9.1, 9.2 (for example, of phase W) offset relative to the first hybrid partial branch 9.1, 9.2 (for example, of phase U) by a third offset angle, opposite, in the stator body 5 and, of the same magnitude as the second offset angle; in particular, in the case of eight stator poles there is + / -15° of mechanical offset; in the case of six stator poles there is + / -80° of mechanical offset. In particular, the first hybrid partial branch 9.1, 9.2 of the stator winding 7.1, 7.2 respective a a simple connection 18 (table 1 for the three-phase current system with eight poles and table 2 for the three-phase current system with 6 poles, respectively the second column "mechanical position")• .

[0094] [Tables 1] Partial Hybrid Branch Mechanical Position 8-Pole Magnetic Position 4-Pole Magnetic Position Resultant Position 8 Poles Three-Phase Current Resultant Position 4 Poles Excitation Current Ul 0° 0° 0° 0° 0° U2 90° 360°=0° 180° 0° 180°+180°=0° VI -15° -60° -30° -60°+180°=120° -30° V2 75° 300°=-60° 150° -60°+180°=120° 150°+180°=-30° Wl 15° 60° 30° 60°+180°=240° 30° W2 105° 420°=60° 210° 60° + 180° = 240° 210° + 180° = 30°

[0095] [Tables2] Partial Hybrid Branch Mechanical Position 8-Pole Magnetic Position 4-Pole Magnetic Position Resultant Position 8 Poles Three-Phase Current Resultant Position 4 Poles Excitation Current Ul 0° 0° 0° 0° 0° U2 180° 180° 360°=0° 0°+180°=180° 180°+180°=0° VI -80° -240° -160° -240°=120° -160°+180°=20° V2 100° 300°=-60° 200° -60°+180°=120° 200°+180°=20° Wl 80° 240° 160° 240° 160°+180°=20° W2 260° 780° = 60° 520° = 160° 60° + 180° = 240° 160° + 180° = 20°

[0096] Figure 2A shows the wiring of a stator winding of Figure 1A according to the invention for an eight-pole stator. Figures 2A-3B show the ends of the hybrid partial branches 9.1, 9.2 with a point and the beginnings of the hybrid partial branches 9.1, 9.2 without a point.

[0097] In the case of eight stator poles, the hybrid partial branches 9.1, 9.2 of the respective hybrid branch 9 are connected in the same polar direction at the star point 15 of the stator partial winding 7.1, 7.2. For the hybrid branch 9 of phase U, the hybrid partial branches 9.1 (U1) and 9.2 (U2) thus have the same polar direction and are located at the star point 15 of the respective stator partial winding 7.1, 7.2. The same observation applies to the hybrid partial branches 9.1 (V1) and 9.2 (V2) as well as to the hybrid partial branches 9.1 (W1) and 9.2 (W2).

[0098] In the case of eight stator poles according to [Fig.2A], in each stator partial winding 7.1, 7.2 of the first hybrid partial branch 9.1, 9.2 (for example of phase U) with respect to the second and third hybrid partial branches (9.1, 9.2) (for example, of phases V and W) are connected with poles opposite to the star point 15. The first hybrid partial branches 9.1, 9.2 form a first hybrid branch; the second hybrid partial branches 9.1, 9.2 form a second hybrid branch and the third hybrid partial branches 9.1, 9.2 form a third hybrid branch.

[0099] The simple connections 18 of the first hybrid branches 9.1, 9.2 (for example, of phase U) of the circuit according to [Fig. 2A] and [Fig. 3A] receive sum currents consisting of half the phase current of the three-phase current and an excitation current component IeiT of the excitation component IeiT at the two simple connections 18 of the circuit in [Fig. 2A] and [Fig. 2B] with the same amplitude, but a different algebraic sign. In the coupling connections 17 of the second and third partial hybrid branches 9.1, 9.2 (for example, of phases V and W), a full component of the three-phase current is thus injected respectively. The excitation current component Ln of the first hybrid partial branch 9.1, 9.2, this current passes to the star point 15 continuously in the second and third hybrid partial branches 9.1, 9.2, which represents the excitation current part of a parallel setup.The excitation current component at the star point 15 is divided, according to the instantaneous impedance of the second and third hybrid partial branches 9.1, 9.2, into two excitation current partials whose sum corresponds to the excitation current component indicated in [Fig. 2A] by the excitation current component IeiT*K and the excitation current component Lrr*(lK), K being greater than or equal to zero and less than or equal to one. The coupling connections 17 allow the passage of the excitation current partials from one stator partial winding 7.1, 7.2 to the other stator partial winding 7.1, 7.2.

[0100] Fig. 2B shows the wiring of the stator winding according to the invention corresponding to the stator of Fig. 1B, which is an eight-pole stator.

[0101] In the case of a winding with six simple connections 18 according to [Fig. 2B] and [Fig. 3B], a sum current is injected into each simple connection 18; this current consists of half the phase current of the three-phase current and an excitation current component IeiT. The excitation current component Ieir has the same amplitude on the two simple connections 18 of the [Fig. 2B] configuration, but a different algebraic sign. By current regulation, the phase currents and the excitation current components are adjusted to obtain at the star point 15 The sum of the phase currents of the three-phase current and the sum of the excitation current components IeiT are equal to zero. The values ​​of the excitation current components of the second and third hybrid partial branches (9.1, 9.2) are set to the values ​​of the excitation current component Ieir*K and the excitation current component IeiT*(1 - K) by the control system; K is greater than or equal to zero and K is less than or equal to one. For the parameter K, the value V2 can be chosen, which corresponds to an equal distribution of the transmission current to the respective second and third hybrid branches. The parameter K can also be time-varying so that it is chosen according to the instantaneous phase currents in the second and third hybrid branches.The parameter K can be set to a value other than 0.5 to achieve an uneven distribution of the excitation current between the second and third hybrid branches. This ensures that the branch carrying the lowest phase current in the three-phase current system receives a higher excitation current from the transmission system, resulting in a more uniform current density in the conductors and reducing ohmic losses. Consequently, the amplitude of the respective excitation current component in the second or third hybrid branch, which is instantaneously carried by the two lowest phase currents, will be increased.

[0102] Fig. 3A shows the wiring of the stator winding according to the invention of Fig. 1A for a six-pole stator.

[0103] In the case of six stator poles, the hybrid partial branches 9.1, 9.2 of the respective hybrid branch 9 are connected to the star point 15 of the stator partial windings 7.1, 7.2 with opposite polarizations respectively. Thus, the hybrid partial branches 9.1, 9.2 of one stator partial winding 7.1 are polarized in the opposite direction with respect to the hybrid partial branches 9.1, 9.2 of the other stator partial winding 7.2 connected to the respective star point 15.

[0104] In the case of six starter poles, according to [Fig.3A], in each stator partial winding 7.1,7.2 are biased in the same direction as all hybrid partial branches 9.1, 9.2 when connected to the star point 15.

[0105] Fig. 3B shows a wiring of the stator winding according to the invention of the stator of Fig. 1B in the case of a six-pole stator.

[0106] Figure 4 shows the undeveloped arrangement of a hybrid branch according to the invention for an eight-pole, three-phase current system. The hybrid branch shown is a hybrid branch of phase U and thus comprises hybrid partial branches U1 and U2, but it could also be a hybrid branch of phase V comprising hybrid partial branches VI and V2, or a hybrid branch of phase W comprising hybrid partial branches W1 and W2.

[0107] Figure 5 shows the undeveloped arrangement of a hybrid branch according to the invention for a six-pole, three-phase current system. The hybrid branch shown is a hybrid branch of phase U and thus comprises the hybrid partial branches U1 and U2; but it could also be a hybrid strand of phase V comprising the hybrid partial branches VI and V2 or a hybrid branch of phase W comprising the hybrid partial branches W1 and W2.

[0108] The respective hybrid branch 9 thus occupies per stator pole respectively a group of grooves 20 of grooves near stator 6 respectively according to the same pattern of pole occupancy forming a polar group 21 of electrical conductors 22 of the same phase U, V, W.

[0109] The pole occupancy pattern of a desired pole group 21 comprises a complete occupation of all conductor positions of the groove group 20 with conductors from the respective hybrid branch 9. The groove group 20 comprises an undeveloped group 21, for example, of two ([Fig.4]) or three ([Fig.5]) adjacent stator grooves 6.

[0110] In the PP occupancy pattern of the respective group of poles 21 sought, conductors 22 of both hybrid partial branches 9.1, 9.2 or of the conductor 22 of only one of the partial branches of the two hybrid branches 9.1, 9.2 can be provided.

[0111] Figure 6 shows a first variant of a desired arrangement of a hybrid branch according to the invention for an 8-pole, three-phase current system. The hybrid branch shown is, for example, a hybrid branch of phase U and thus comprises hybrid partial branches U1 and U2, but it could also be a hybrid branch of phase V comprising hybrid partial branches VI and V2, or a hybrid branch of phase W comprising hybrid partial branches W1 and W2.

[0112] Figure 7 shows a second variant of a desired arrangement of the hybrid branch according to the invention for an 8-pole, three-phase current system. The hybrid branch shown is composed, for example, of a hybrid branch of phase U and thus includes the hybrid partial branches U1 and U2, but it could also be a hybrid branch of phase V comprising the partial branches VI and V2, or a hybrid branch of phase W comprising the hybrid partial branches W1 and W2.

[0113] Figure 8 shows a first variant of a desired arrangement of a hybrid branch according to the invention for a 6-pole, three-phase current system. The hybrid branch shown is, for example, a hybrid branch of phase U and thus comprises hybrid partial branches U1 and U2; but it could also be a hybrid branch of phase V comprising hybrid partial branches VI and V2 or a hybrid branch of the W phase comprising the hybrid partial branches W1 and W2.

[0114] Figure 9 shows a second variant of a desired arrangement of a hybrid branch according to the invention for a 6-pole, three-phase current system. The hybrid branch shown is, for example, a hybrid branch of phase U and thus comprises the hybrid partial branches U1 and U2; but it could also be a hybrid branch of phase V comprising the hybrid partial branches VI and V2 or a hybrid branch of phase W comprising the hybrid partial branches W1 and W2.

[0115] The pole occupancy pattern PP of the desired pole group 21, according to one of the embodiments of [Fig. 6] to 9, comprises an occupancy without leaving any gaps, for occupancy with conductors 22 of the same hybrid branch 9; the gaps 23 of the occupancy with conductors 22 of another phase are occupied. The groove group 20 of a desired pole group 21 comprises, in particular, three ([Fig. 6], [Fig. 7]) or four ([Fig. 8], [Fig. 9]) adjacent stator groove 6.

[0116] In the pole occupancy pattern PP of the pole group 21 sought respectively, we can have the conductors 22 of the same hybrid partial branches 9.1, 9.2 or the conductor 22 of only one of the hybrid partial branches 9.1, 9.2 of the hybrid branch 9.

[0117] In a pole occupancy pattern PP of a group of poles 21 sought according to figures 6 and 9, the two outer stator grooves 6a have, for one half, conductors 22 of the respective hybrid branch 9 and for the other half of the intervals 23, the conductors of another phase; the outer stator groove 6a has, with respect to the other outer stator groove 6a, the same respective group of poles 21, sought for occupancy with the conductors 22 of the same hybrid branch 9 and the intervals 23 are occupied in reverse.In the pole occupancy pattern PP of the respective pole group 21 sought according to Figures 6 to 9, at least one stator groove 6 in the pole group 21 sought comprises only conductors 22 of the respective hybrid branch 9; in the pole occupancy pattern PP, at least one stator groove 6i inside the pole group 21 sought according to Figures 6 to 9 has both a conductor component 22 of the hybrid partial branch 9.1, 9.2 and also a conductor part 22 of the other hybrid partial branch 9.1, 9.2 of the respective hybrid branch 9 or alternatively only conductors 22 of one of the two hybrid partial branches 9.1, 9.2. .

[0118] The pole occupancy pattern PP of several pole groups 21 desired, in particular 4 according to Figures 6 to 9, (they are separated only by the angle of a stator pole) together form a pole group occupancy pattern PG. The two Hybrid partial branches 9.1, 9.2 of the respective hybrid branch 9 have an identical partial occupancy pattern PG1, PG2 in the pole group occupancy pattern PG; in the partial occupancy pattern PG1,2, the hybrid partial branch 9.1 is offset by a first offset angle ¢1 relative to the identical partial occupancy pattern PG2 of the other hybrid partial branch 9.2 in the stator body 5; in particular, in the case of eight stator poles (Figures 6 and 7) there is a mechanical offset of 90°; in the case of six stator poles (Figures 8 and 9) there is a mechanical offset of 180°. The mechanical offset is indicated by the reference "mech".

[0119] Fig. 10A shows a rotor excitation assembly according to the invention for an 8-pole three-phase current system.

[0120] Fig. 1OB shows a rotor according to the invention with the rotor excitation circuit coils according to Fig. 1OA for an 8-pole three-phase current system.

[0121] In addition to the excitation coils 34 and transmission coils 37 installed on the rotor 3, a short-circuited winding 45 on the rotor 3 can also be provided. This winding, along with a short-circuited branch 46, passes in a corrugated pattern through all the rotor grooves 31 and serves to suppress voltage spikes in the excitation coils 34 and transmission coils 37. The corrugated winding 45 is indicated by the letter "C" in [Fig. 1OB]. Furthermore, [Fig. 1OB] shows the axial direction of the current in the respective sides of the coils 34 and 37.

[0122] Fig. 11 A shows a rotor excitation circuit according to the invention for a 6-pole three-phase current system.

[0123] Fig. 1 IB shows a rotor according to the invention with the rotor excitation circuit coils of Fig. 1 IA for a 6-pole three-phase current system.

[0124] In addition to the excitation coils 34 installed on the rotor 3 and the transmission coils 37, the rotor 3 may have a short-circuited corrugated winding 45 which, together with the short-circuited conducting branch 46, passes in a corrugated pattern through all the rotor grooves 31 and suppresses voltage spikes in the excitation coils 34 and in the transmission coils 37. The corrugated winding 45 is characterized in [Fig. 1 IB] by the letter "C". The beginning and end of the conducting branch 46 are directly connected to each other and are thus short-circuited. The conducting strand 46 is formed by connecting electrical conductors in series, with at least one conductor of the conducting strand 46 in each rotor groove 31; the direction of current flow in the rotor groove 31 is opposite to that in the adjacent rotor groove 31.

[0125] Fig. 1 IB shows the direction of current flow in the respective sides of coils 34, 37 in the usual way.

[0126] The rotor 3 of the electrically excited synchronous machine 1 has an excitation winding 13 for generating a rotor excitation field of the synchronous machine 1 and a secondary part 10s of the inductive transmission system 10 for transmitting electrical energy to the excitation winding 13 of the rotor 3. The secondary part 10s of the inductive transmission system 10 includes at least one secondary transmission winding 28 to provide an alternating transmission voltage and at least one rectifier circuit 29 operating as a rectifier, in particular a bridge arrangement to rectify the alternating transmission voltage into a secondary DC voltage for the excitation winding 13.

[0127] The rotor 3 has rotor teeth 30; the rotor grooves 31 between the rotor teeth 30 receive the excitation winding 13 and also the secondary transmission winding 28. The teeth 30 of the rotor 3 are numbered in ascending order of numbers from one of the rotor teeth 30 in the peripheral direction along the axis of rotation 32 of the rotor 3. The rotor 3 has, for example, an even number of teeth 30, in particular six rotor teeth according to [Fig.11B] or eight teeth 30 according to [Fig.1OB].

[0128] According to the invention, the excitation winding 13 comprises at least one, in particular a single excitation branch 13s; the respective excitation branch 13s has two groups of excitation coils 33 connected in series and each group consisting of several excitation coils 34, for example, single-tooth coils. The two groups of excitation coils 33 each have a number, in particular an even or odd number, of excitation coils 34 corresponding to half the number of rotor teeth 30, in particular the number 3 or 4. The excitation coils 34 are characterized in Figures 10A, 10B, 11A and 11B by the letter B followed by the number of the respective rotor tooth 30 that carries an excitation coil 34.

[0129] Furthermore, according to the invention, the secondary transmission winding 28 according to Figures 10A and 1IA is formed by a hybrid partial branch 13H in the respective excitation branch 13s and which connects between the two groups of excitation coils 33 of the respective excitation branch 13s and includes a secondary hybrid coil device 35.

[0130] The hybrid coil device 35 comprises several pairs of transmission coils 36 connected in parallel and composed respectively of two transmission coils 37b arranged in series to generate an alternating transmission voltage by inductive cooperation with the primary part lOp of the transmission system 10. The transmission coils 37 are made as coils on a single tooth and in figures 10A, 10B, 11A and 11B they are referenced by the letter "A" followed by the tooth number of the respective rotor tooth 30 carrying this transmission coil 37.

[0131] The hybrid coil device 35 further includes a DC current input 38 connected to one of the two groups of excitation coils 33 of the excitation branch 13s and a DC current output 39 connected to the other groups of excitation coils 33 of the excitation branch 13s.

[0132] According to Figures 10B and 11B, each rotor tooth 30 carries one of the excitation coils 34 and one of the transmission coils 37; the number of turns of each transmission coil 37 is notably less than the number of turns of the respective excitation coil 34, so as to generate the necessary alternating transmission voltage.

[0133] The respective excitation coil groups 33 may have according to [Fig.1OA] an even number of excitation coil groups 33 with an even number of excitation coils 34. Alternatively, the respective excitation coil group 33 according to [Fig.1IA] has an odd excitation coil group 33 with an odd number of excitation coils.

[0134] The excitation coils 33 of an even-numbered group of excitation coils 33 are connected in series with respect to the pairs of excitation coils 34p. The pairs of excitation coils 34p of the even-numbered group of excitation coils 33 are connected in series or in parallel. The excitation coils 34 of an odd-numbered group of excitation coils 33 are connected in series.

[0135] According to Figures 10A and 1IA, the excitation coils 34 of one of the two groups of excitation coils 33 can be provided, for example, only on the rotor teeth 33 with an even number and the excitation coils 34 of the other group of excitation coils 33 only on the rotor teeth 30 with an odd number, in particular, in the case of groups of excitation coils 33 with an odd number of [Fig. 11A],

[0136] In the case of groups of excitation coils in an even number ([Fig. 10A]), the excitation coils 34 of the respective pair of excitation coils 34p are installed on different rotor teeth separated by a determined number of rotor grooves 31 which is less than the number of rotor grooves 30 and corresponds to twice the odd natural number according to Figures 10A and 11A, for example, the number 2.

[0137] The number of transmission coils 36 per hybrid coil device 35 corresponds to half the number of teeth 30 of the rotor 3, for example the number 3 according to [Fig.11A] and the number 4 according to [Fig.1OA]; the transmission coils 37 of the respective pair of transmission coils 36 are installed on two such different rotor teeth 30, between which there is a determined partial number of rotor grooves 31; in the case of an even number of pairs of transmission coils 36 ([Fig.1OA]), per hybrid coil device 35 this partial number is less than the number of rotor grooves 31 and corresponds to twice an odd natural number, for example, according to [Fig.1OA], it is the number 2.

[0138] The determined partial number of rotor grooves 31 corresponds in the case of an odd number of pairs of transmission coils 36 per coil device hybrids 35, at half the number of grooves 31 of the rotor 3, that is to say at half the number of rotor teeth 30; according to [Fig.l IA] this is the number 3.

[0139] The transmission coils 37 of the respective transmission coil pair 36 are, according to [Fig.1OA] in the case of an even number of transmission coil pairs 36 per hybrid coil device 35, connected in series in the same direction so that for a DC current input 38 to the DC current output 39, the supply of the transmission coil pair 36 supplies the corresponding rotor teeth 30 in the same radial direction with respect to the rotor axis 32.

[0140] The transmission coils 37 of the respective transmission coil pair 36 are, according to [Fig. 11 A] for an odd number of transmission coil pairs 36 per hybrid coil device 35, connected in opposite directions, one to the other in series so that for a supply going from the DC input 38 to the DC output 39 to the transmission coil pair 36, the corresponding rotor teeth will be magnetized in the opposite radial direction along the rotor axis 32.

[0141] The transmission coils 37 of the hybrid coil device 35 are, in the case of an even number of pairs of transmission coils 36 per hybrid coil device 35 ([Fig.1OA]), connected to the DC input 38 or the DC output 39 so that by supplying the pair of transmission coils 36, the odd-numbered rotor teeth 30 will be magnetized in the opposite radial direction along the axis of rotation 32 relative to the even-numbered rotor teeth 30.

[0142] All transmission coils 37 of the hybrid coil device 35 which have rotor teeth 30 of even number, are, in the case of an odd number of pairs of transmission coils 36 per hybrid coil device 35 ([Fig. 11 A]) connected to the DC input 38 or to the DC output 39.

[0143] In the case of an even number of transmission coil pairs 36 per hybrid coil device 35 ([Fig.1OA]), each transmission coil 37 connected to the DC input 38 forms with another transmission coil 37 connected to the DC input 38, a branch pair 40 whose transmission coils 37 are installed on two different rotor teeth 30, between which there is at least a partial number of rotor grooves 31 less than the number of rotor grooves 31 and which corresponds to twice an odd natural number, for example, the number 6 according to [Fig.1OA],

[0144] The hybrid coil device 35 has several AC voltage outputs 41, each connected to an AC voltage input 42 of one of the rectifier circuits 29. The number of AC voltage outputs 41 corresponds, for example, to the number of transmission coil pairs 36 per coil device hybrid 35. The AC voltage output 41 is formed by an intermediate node between the transmission coils 37 of the respective pair of transmission coils 36. The AC voltage outputs 41 are each connected to an AC voltage input 42 of one of the rectifier circuits 29. The number of rectifier circuits 29 corresponds, for example, to the number of AC voltage outputs 41 of the hybrid coil device 35.

[0145] The respective rectifier circuit 29 has two DC voltage outputs 43 to generate a potential difference between the ends of the excitation branch 13s.

[0146] NOMENCLATURE OF PRINCIPAL ELEMENTS

[0147] 1 Synchronous machine

[0148] 2 Stator

[0149] 3 Rotor

[0150] 5 Stator body

[0151] 6 Stator groove

[0152] 7 Stator winding

[0153] 7.1, 7.2 Partial stator winding

[0154] 8 Phase branch / stator wire

[0155] 9 Hybrid Branch

[0156] 9.1, 9.2 Partial hybrid branch

[0157] 10 Inductive transmission system

[0158] 1 Op Primary part

[0159] 13 Excitation winding

[0160] 14 Transmission winding

[0161] 15 Star Point

[0162] 16 Partial winding branch

[0163] 17 Coupling connection

[0164] 18 Simple Branch

[0165] 20 Groove group

[0166] 21 Pole group

[0167] 22 Conductor

[0168] 23 Interval

[0169] 29 Rectifier circuit

[0170] 30 Rotor tooth

[0171] 31 Groove

[0172] 32 Rotor shaft

[0173] 33 Excitation coil group

[0174] 34 Excitation coil

[0175] 35 Hybrid coil device

[0176] 36 Transmission coil pair

[0177] 37 Transmission coil

[0178] 38 Rectified current input

[0179] 39 Rectified current output

[0180] 40 Branching pair

[0181] 41 AC voltage output

[0182] 42 AC voltage input

[0183] 43 DC voltage output

[0184] 45 Corrugated winding

[0185] 46 Short-circuited conductor

[0186] 50 Inverter

[0187] 51 Inverter output

[0188] 60 Control unit

[0189] 61 Control unit

Claims

Claims

1. Stator (1) of an electrically excited synchronous machine (1) comprising a stator winding (7) with several phases, in particular three phases, with several phase branches (8) and a primary part (10p) of an inductive transmission system (10) for transmitting electrical energy to an excitation winding (13) of a rotor (3) of the synchronous machine (1), - the primary part (10p) of the inductive transmission system (10) has a primary transmission winding (14), - the primary transmission winding (14) is formed by several phase branches,hybrids (8) of the stator winding (7) which serve both as a respective hybrid branch (9) for generating a rotating field of a three-phase current system for driving the rotor (3) and also for generating the transmission field of the transmission system (10) and which receive both a phase current of the three-phase current system and also a primary transmission current of the transmission system (10), stator characterized in that each hybrid branch (9) of the stator winding (7) comprises two hybrid partial branches (9.1, 9.2) located in two different stator partial windings (7.1, 7.2) belonging to the same phase (U, V, W), and - each stator partial winding (7.1, 7.2) comprises several and in particular three hybrid partial branches (9.1, 9.2) of different phases (U, V, W) wired in a star arrangement with a star point (15).,

2. Stator according to claim 1, characterized in that the hybrid partial branches (9.1, 9.2) of the respective hybrid branch (9) are offset relative to each other in the stator (2) by a first offset angle (q> 1), in particular in the case of eight stator poles, mechanically offset by 90° and in the case of six stator poles, mechanically offset by 180°.

3. Stator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a) the hybrid partial branches (9.1, 9.2) belonging to the same phase of the different stator partial windings (7.1, 7.2) for two of the three phases are electrically connected, respectively by a partial winding connection (16), - each partial winding connection (16) has a coupling connection (147) for the common current and voltage supply of the connected hybrid partial branches (9.1, 392) and for the connection to an inverter (50), and - the two hybrid partial branches (9.1, 9.2), belonging to the same phase have respectively a single connection (18) for the connection to an inverter (50), or b) the hybrid partial branches (9.1, 9.2) of each stator partial winding (7.1, 7.2) have respectively a single connection (18) for the connection to an inverter (50).

4. Stator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a) in the case of eight stator poles, the hybrid partial branches (9.1, 9.2) of the respective hybrid branch (9) are connected in the same polarity direction to the star point (15) of the respective stator partial winding (7.1, 7.2), b) in the case of six stator poles, the hybrid partial branches (9.1, 9.2) of the respective hybrid branch (9) are connected in opposite directions to the star point (15) of the respective stator partial winding (7.1, 7.2).

5. Stator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the same stator partial winding (7.1, 7.2), there is a second hybrid partial branch (9.1, 9.2) offset relative to a first hybrid partial branch (9.1, 9.2), by a second offset angle (q>2) and a third hybrid partial branch (9.1, 9.2) offset relative to the first hybrid partial branch (9.1, 9.2) by a third offset angle (q>3), of the same magnitude as the second offset angle (q>2) but in the opposite direction in the stator, in particular in the case of eight stator poles, the mechanical offset is + / -15° and in the case of six stator poles the mechanical offset is + / -80°, - the first hybrid partial branch (9.1, 9.2) of the stator partial winding (7.1, 7.2) respectively has in particular a simple connection (18).

6. Stator according to claim 5, characterized in that a) in the case of eight stator poles, in each stator partial winding (7.1, 7.2) of the first hybrid partial branch (9.1, 9.2) with respect to the second and third hybrid partial branches (9.1, 9.2) the connection is in the opposite direction to the star point (15), b) in the case of six stator poles, in each stator partial winding (7.1, 7.2), all hybrid partial branches (9.1, 9.2) are connected in the same direction to the star point (15).

7. Stator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - the respective hybrid branch (9), per pole, occupies respectively a group of grooves (20) of the stator (6), respective according to the same pole occupation pattern (PP) by forming a group of poles (21) with conductors (22) of the same phase (U,V,W), - the pole occupation pattern (PP) of a desired pole group (21) is a complete occupation of all conductor positions of the groove group (20) and the pole occupation pattern (PP) of a desired pole group (21) comprises an occupation without leaving any gap, the intervals (23) being occupied by the conductors of another phase, - the groups of grooves (20) of a desired group of poles (21) comprise in particular two or three neighboring stator grooves (6) and the group of grooves (20) of a desired group of poles (21) comprise in particular three or four neighboring stator grooves (6).

8. Stator according to claim 7, characterized in that in the pole occupancy pattern (PP) of a desired pole group (21), the two outer stator grooves (6a) have half conductors (22) of the respective hybrid branch (9) and the other half gaps (23), - the outer stator groove (6a) having an occupation inverse to that of the other outer stator groove (6a) of the same respective pole group, desired, (21) for the occupation and the intervals (23), - in the pole occupancy pattern (PP), at least one inner stator groove (6i) of the desired pole group (21) only comprises conductors (22) of the respective hybrid branch (9).

9. Stator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that only the conductors (22) of the two hybrid partial branches (9.1, 9.2) or the conductors (22) of only one of the two hybrid partial branches (9.1, 9.2) are provided in the pole occupancy pattern (PP) of the respective pole group (21).

10. Stator according to one of claims 2 to 9, characterized in that the pole occupancy pattern (PP) of several pole groups (21), in particular four groups, which are spaced apart by the angle of a stator pole, form a pole group occupancy pattern (PG), - the two hybrid partial branches (9.1, 9.2) of the respective hybrid branch (9) each have a partial occupancy pattern (PG1), which is identical in the pole group occupancy pattern (PG), - the partial occupancy pattern (PG1) of one hybrid partial branch (9.1, 9.2) has, in relation to the partial occupancy pattern (PG2) of the other hybrid partial branch (9.1, 9.2) in the stator (2), an offset corresponding to the first offset angle (q> 1).

11. Rotor (3) of an electrically excited synchronous machine (1) comprising an excitation winding (13) for generating a rotor field for the synchronous machine (1) and a secondary part (10s) of an inductive transmission system (10) for transmitting electrical energy to the excitation winding (13) of the rotor (3), - the secondary part (10s) of the inductive transmission system (10) comprising at least one secondary transmission winding (28) for providing an alternating transmission voltage and at least one rectifier circuit (20) functioning as a rectifier, in particular a bridge circuit for rectifying the alternating transmission voltage into a secondary direct voltage for the excitation winding (13), - the rotor (3) having rotor teeth (30), and - between the rotor teeth (30) there are rotor grooves (31) for receiving the excitation winding (13) and the transmission winding secondary (28), rotor characterized in that- the excitation winding (13) comprises at least one and in particular a single excitation branch (13s), - the respective excitation branch (13s) comprises two groups of excitation coils (33) connected in series, each having several excitation coils (34), - the two groups of excitation coils (33) having respectively an even number or an odd number of excitation coils (34) which corresponds to half the number of rotor teeth (30), three or four, - the secondary transmission winding (28) is formed by a hybrid partial branch (9.1, 9.2) in the respective excitation branch (13s), and which is connected between two excitation coil groups (33) of the respective excitation branch (13s) and comprises a secondary hybrid coil device (35), - the hybrid coil device (35) has several pairs of transmission coils (36) connected in parallel, formed respectively by two transmission coils (37) in series are respectively provided for generating a transmission alternating voltage by inductive cooperation with the primary part (100p) of the transmission system (10) as well as a direct current input (38) connected to one of the two excitation coil groups (33) and a direct current output (39) connected to the other excitation coil group (33).

12. Rotor according to claim 11, characterized in that each rotor tooth (30) has respectively one of the excitation coils (34) and one of the transmission coils (37), - the number of turns of the respective transmission coil (37) is less than the number of turns of the respective excitation coil (34), so as to generate the necessary transmission alternating voltage.

13. Rotor according to one of claims 11 or 12, characterized in that a) the excitation coils (34) of a group of excitation coils (33) of even number are connected in pairs with respect to the pairs of excitation coils (34p) in series, the pairs of excitation coils (34p) of the even numbered excitation coil group (33) are connected in series and / or in parallel, or b) the excitation coils (34) of an odd numbered excitation coil group (33) are connected in series.

14. Rotor according to one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that the rotor (3) has an even number of rotor teeth (30), in particular six or eight rotor teeth, - the rotor teeth (30) being numbered from one of the rotor teeth (30) in the circumferential direction, with numbers in ascending direction, - the excitation coils (34) of one of the two groups of excitation coils (33) are provided only on the rotor teeth (30) having an even number and the excitation coils (34) of the other group of excitation coils (33) are provided only on the rotor teeth (30) with an odd number, in particular in the case of groups of excitation coils (33) with an odd number, or - in the case of groups of excitation coils (33) with an even number, the excitation coils (34) of the respective pair of excitation coils (34p) are provided on different rotor teeth (30),between which there is a determined partial number of rotor grooves (31) less than the number of grooves (31) of the rotor (3) and corresponds to twice the odd whole number.,

15. Rotor according to one of claims 11 to 14, characterized in that the number of transmission coil pairs (36) per hybrid coil device (35) corresponds to half the number of teeth (30) of the rotor (3), in particular to the number three or four, - the transmission coils (37) of the respective transmission coil pair (36) being on two different rotor teeth (30) between which there is a determined partial number of rotor grooves (31) which, a) in the case of an even number of transmission coil pairs (36) per hybrid coil device (35) is less than the number of rotor grooves (31) and corresponds to twice the odd whole number and which, b) in the case of an odd number of pairs of transmission coils (36) per hybrid coil device (35) corresponds to half the number of grooves (31) of the rotor (3).

16. Rotor according to claims 11 to 15, characterized in that the transmission coils (37) of the respective transmission coil pair (36): - are connected in the same direction, in series, in the case of an even number of transmission coil pairs (36) per hybrid coil arrangement (35) so that for the supply of the transmission coil pair (36) oriented from the direct current input (36) to the direct current output (39), the corresponding rotor teeth (30) are magnetized in the same radial direction, and - are connected in opposite directions, in series in the case of an odd number of transmission coil pairs (36) per hybrid coil arrangement (35) so that for a supply of the transmission coil pair (36) which goes from the direct current input (38) to the direct current output (39), the corresponding rotor teeth (30) are magnetized in the opposite radial direction.

17. Rotor according to one of claims 11 to 16, characterized in that - the transmission coils (37) of the hybrid coil device (35) in the case of an even number of pairs of transmission coils (36) per hybrid coil device (35) are connected to the direct current input (38) or the direct current output (39) so that for a supply of pairs of transmission coils (36), the rotor teeth (30) having an odd number are magnetized in the radial direction opposite that of the rotor teeth (30) of even number, - the transmission coils (37) which are installed on the rotor teeth (30) of even number, in the case of an odd number of pairs of transmission coils (36) per hybrid coil device (35), are all connected to the direct current input (38) or all to the direct current output (39).

18. Rotor according to one of claims 11 to 17, characterized in that in the case of an even number of pairs of transmission coils (36) per hybrid coil device (35), each transmission coil (37) connected to the direct current input (38) forms, with another transmission coil (37) connected to the direct current input (38), a connection pair (40) whose transmission coils (37) are on two different rotor teeth (30), between which there is a determined partial number of rotor grooves (31) which is less than the number of rotor grooves (31) and corresponds to twice the odd whole number.

19. Rotor according to one of claims 11 to 18, characterized in that the hybrid coil device (37) has several respective AC voltage outputs (41) for connection to an AC voltage input (42) of one of the rectifier circuits (29), - the number of AC voltage outputs (41) corresponds in particular to the number of pairs of transmission coils (36) per hybrid coil device (35), - the respective AC voltage output (41) being an intermediate node between the transmission coils (37) of the respective pair of transmission coils (36), - the AC voltage outputs (41) are respectively connected to an AC voltage input (42) of one of the rectifier circuits (29).

20. Rotor according to one of claims 11 to 19, characterized in that the rotor (3) comprises in addition to the excitation coils (34) installed on the rotor (3) and the transmission coils (37), a short-circuited corrugated winding (45) which passes with a short-circuited conductive branch (46) following a corrugated path through all the rotor grooves (31).

21. Electrically excited synchronous machine (1) comprising a stator (2) according to one or more of claims 1 to 10 and a rotor (3) according to one or more of claims 11 to 20, characterized in that a) the number of poles of the transmission system (10) corresponds to half the number of poles of the three-phase current system if the number of poles of the three-phase current system is a multiple of four, (b) the number of poles of the transmission system (10) corresponds to the number four if the three-phase current system has a number of poles equal to six.

22. Control installation (60) for controlling the electrical excitation synchronous machine (1) according to claim 21, comprising: a) an inverter (50) with inverter outputs (51) for providing phase voltages for the power supply of the winding (7) of the stator (2), each branch (17, 18) of the two stator partial windings (7.1, 7.2), has an inverter output (51), and b) a control device (61) for controlling the inverter (5).

23. Method for controlling an electrically excited synchronous machine (1) according to claim 21 comprising a control installation (60) according to claim 22, characterized in that - the control device (61) controls the inverter (5) for the operation of the synchronous machine (1) so as to supply the single connections (18) of the partial stator windings (7.1, 7.2), respectively, a sum current composed of a part of the phase current of the three-phase current system, in particular with half-amplitude and a part of the excitation current of the transmission system (10), the excitation current being an alternating current or a direct current.

24. Method according to claim 23, characterized in that in the case of coupling branches (17) in which a phase current of the three-phase current system with the total amplitude is injected respectively, to the other single branches (18) belonging to the same phase, the component of the excitation current has a different algebraic sign.

Images