Fire and vandal-resistant material

Abstract

The present invention relates to a vandalism and fire protection material (10,340) comprising a metallic reinforcement layer (20) disposed between a first fire-barrier layer of non-woven fibers (30) and a second fire-barrier layer of non-woven fibers (40). The metallic reinforcement layer (20) is a knitted metallic reinforcement (20) comprising one or more monofilament metallic yarns having a diameter less than or equal to 0.25 mm. The present invention also relates to a method for manufacturing such a protective material (10,340), and the use of said protective material (10,340). Figure for the abstract: Fig. 1.

Description

Title of the invention: Material for protection against fire and vandalism Technical field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of anti-vandalism and anti-fire materials, and methods of manufacturing such materials. Prior art

[0002] The fittings of passenger reception areas (seats, headrests, armrests, backrests, etc.) used in public passenger transport must meet strict safety requirements regarding fire protection. This expectation is particularly high in the railway sector, or in transport such as the metro, tram, and bus.

[0003] The linings of said reception areas are thus subjected to critical fire resistance tests which require the use of fire barrier materials. These fire barriers protect the foam of the linings of said reception areas, the foam being an essential component providing comfort to the user during the duration of their journey. These barriers ensure compliance with the fire behavior requirements set out in various standards in force, in particular in standard NF EN 45545-2, in particular dating from August 2020, entitled “Railway applications - Fire protection in railway vehicles - Part 2: Requirements for the fire behavior of materials and components”.

[0004] However, an increase in acts of vandalism has been observed in public transport, particularly in the railway sector. The outer layers of the linings are thus torn, exposing the foam which is sensitive to fire. In this situation, the safety of passengers is no longer assured in the face of fire risks.

[0005] Anti-vandalism materials are generally deployed in seats used in critical conditions such as RER transport or, in general, rail transport allowing intra-metropolis travel.

[0006] These materials are notably evaluated using the NF F31-118 standard, notably dating from December 2013, (entitled “Railway rolling stock - Anti-vandalism coating - Characteristics and tests) defining the criteria for resistance to acts of vandalism of materials, notably coatings, used in the upholstery of reception areas (seat, etc.). This standard is very demanding in terms of the performance of resistance to laceration and adhesion between the different layers making up the upholstery of a seat. The materials satisfying this standard to date are rigid, which generates manufacturing difficulties and considerably reduces the seat comfort.

[0007] This type of material is not suitable for prolonged use, for example for long journeys on TGV trains. These rigid materials generally include a metal reinforcement ensuring resistance against laceration, and can be combined with a fire barrier which further increases the weight and rigidity.

[0008] In order to meet the expectations of reception area upholstery, in particular seats, anti-vandalism and fire-resistant, for public transport, particularly in the railway sector, the EN 45 545-2 standard was revised in 2020 to now include an assessment of the potential of seat coverings to resist acts of vandalism set out in the NF EN 16989 standard, Annex A, in particular dating from June 2018, entitled “Railway applications - Fire protection in railway vehicles - Complete seat fire behavior tests” (this standard describes a test protocol for determining the fire behavior of a railway vehicle seat design using a set of complete seats prepared and tested in accordance with the procedures indicated in said standard. It also establishes a standardized procedure for assessing the potential of a seat to resist acts of vandalism).

[0009] However, the combination of a vandal-proof material with a fire-resistant material results in a material that is rigid, difficult to implement during its manufacture, and uncomfortable. In addition, its surface mass is high, and it is sought in all transport to also limit the on-board weight in order to reduce energy consumption.

[0010] There is therefore a need for a fire-resistant and vandal-resistant material that is light, flexible, can be made and transformed easily, and finally comfortable.

[0011] There is a need for a fire-resistant and vandal-resistant material capable of satisfying standard EN 45 546-2, revised in 2020, and in particular its anti-vandalism component set out in particular in standard NF EN 16989, Annex A. Statement of the invention

[0012] The present invention relates to a material for protection against vandalism and against fire, overcoming all or part of the aforementioned problems in that it comprises, possibly consisting essentially of, a metal reinforcing layer arranged between a first fire barrier layer of non-woven fibers and a second fire barrier layer of non-woven fibers, the metal reinforcing layer is a knitted metal reinforcement comprising, in particular consisting essentially of, one or more monofilament metal thread(s) having (each) a diameter less than or equal to 0.25 mm.

[0013] Advantageously, the metal reinforcement comprises knitted metal wires which are very thin which improves the flexibility of said reinforcement.

[0014] Knitting also makes it possible to considerably improve flexibility in combination with the fineness of the yarns. Indeed, in a knitting binding method, the mesh loops slide relative to each other. This freedom of movement between the yarns, particularly fine ones, gives good flexibility to the metal reinforcement. In addition, this binding method for the metal yarns combined with two layers of non-woven fire barrier fibers makes it possible to give good resistance to laceration to the material according to the invention.

[0015] Preferably, the material according to the invention can be used in all categories of railway vehicles, whether for short journeys (for example of a few minutes) or long journeys (for example of several hours on a TGV), or even in public transport vehicles, in particular, but not limited to, buses, trams, metros, etc.

[0016] Preferably, the knitted metal reinforcement comprises jersey stitches.

[0017] Preferably, the knitted metal reinforcement comprises, in particular is made up of essentially of one or more wire(s) knitted in a metal or an alloy thereof, said metal being chosen from: stainless steel, copper, aluminum, iron, in particular stainless steel.

[0018] This arrangement makes it possible to improve the corrosion resistance of the material according to the invention. Indeed, the seat comprising said material is generally cleaned regularly with water vapor.

[0019] Advantageously, knitting a metal reinforcement from small diameter monofilament yarn(s) is difficult to carry out on a knitting machine. In addition, the metal reinforcement from such yarns tends to deform more due to its fineness and low surface mass to the detriment of its mechanical properties. The person skilled in the art is therefore not encouraged to use this type of metal reinforcement. Nevertheless, it has been surprisingly found that this type of metal reinforcement in combination with first and second fire barrier layers makes it possible to obtain a protective material having good performance against vandalism while being flexible.

[0020] Preferably, the first fire barrier layer of non-woven fibers, and optionally the second fire barrier layer of non-woven fibers, may be (each) a sheet of carded fibers, or of fibers brought together and entangled by a flow of air (in particular by the so-called airlaid technique), or else brought together and entangled by a jet of water (in particular by the so-called wetlaid technique), preferably it is a sheet of carded fibers.

[0021] More preferably, said sheet of fibers is consolidated by needling or hydrobonding. These techniques consist of arranging the fibers of the sheet in a plane per- pendicular to the xy plane of the material according to the invention.

[0022] Advantageously, the first fire barrier layer of non-woven fibers, and optionally the second fire barrier layer of non-woven fibers, is / are each a sheet of needle-punched and / or hydro-bonded non-woven fibers.

[0023] Preferably, the first fire barrier layer of nonwoven fibers has a consolidation rate greater than or equal to 20 counts / cm2 and less than or equal to 200 counts / cm2, in particular a consolidation rate greater than or equal to 45 counts / cm2.

[0024] Preferably, the second fire barrier of nonwoven fibers has a consolidation rate greater than or equal to 20 counts / cm2 and less than or equal to 200 counts / cm2, in particular a consolidation rate greater than or equal to 45 counts / cm2.

[0025] In preferred examples, the first fire barrier layer, and optionally the second fire barrier layer of non-woven fibers, each comprises / comprise fibers, in particular aramid, having a linear density greater than or equal to 0.5 dtex or 0.9 dtex and less than or equal to 5 dtex or 3 dtex or 2.5 dtex.

[0026] The inventors observed that this linear mass interval improves the resistance to laceration of the material according to the invention.

[0027] In embodiments, the first fire barrier layer, and optionally the second fire barrier layer, is / are each a web of fibers comprising fibers oriented in an x-y plane of the protective material and comprising fibers oriented in a plane perpendicular to the xy plane of the protective material.

[0028] In embodiments, the protective material has a thickness less than or equal to 10 mm, in particular less than or equal to 8 mm, more particularly less than or equal to 6 mm, even more particularly less than or equal to 4 mm, in particular measured under a weight applied to said protective material of 0.5 KPa.

[0029] Advantageously, the protective material comprises a first face and a second face, substantially opposite the first face.

[0030] Advantageously, said thickness is the distance between the first face and the second face of the protective material.

[0031] In embodiments, the first fire barrier layer of nonwoven fibers, and optionally the second fire barrier layer of nonwoven fibers, each comprises, in particular is / are made essentially of, thermostable fibers.

[0032] In the present text, the term thermostable fiber is understood to mean any intrinsic fiber whose operating temperature is greater than or equal to 300°C, in particular greater than or equal to 400°C, without degradation of its mechanical properties.

[0033] In embodiments, the first fire barrier layer, and optionally the second fire barrier layer, each comprises / comprise fibers selected from: ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibers, polyacrylate fibers, pre-oxidized polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers, viscose fibers, in particular flame-retardant, wool fibers, aramid fibers, in particular para-aramid fibers and / or meta-aramid fibers, or a mixture thereof.

[0034] In embodiments, the first fire barrier layer, and optionally the second fire barrier layer, each comprises / comprise at least 60% by mass, preferably at least 70% by mass, more preferably at least 80% by mass, of para-aramid fibers and / or meta-aramid fibers, or a mixture thereof.

[0035] In embodiments, the first fire barrier layer, and optionally the second fire barrier layer, each comprises / comprise at least 5% by mass, preferably at least 10% by mass, more preferably at most 20% by mass, of para-aramid fibers and / or meta-aramid fibers, or a mixture of the latter, viscose fibers, in particular flame-retardant, and / or polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers.

[0036] In embodiments, the knitted metal reinforcement comprises, in particular is made of, one or more monofilament metal wire(s) each having a diameter greater than or equal to 0.05 mm, in particular greater than or equal to 0.08 mm, more particularly greater than or equal to 0.10 mm.

[0037] In embodiments, the knitted metal reinforcement comprises, in particular is made of, one or more monofilament metal wire(s) each having a diameter less than or equal to 0.20 mm.

[0038] The yarn(s) used in the knitted metal reinforcement is / are very fine so that the knit retains sufficient flexibility, avoiding stiffening and therefore a significant loss of comfort of the seat.

[0039] If the wire(s) is / are too thin, a reduction in performance in the laceration test is observed, which is required to be less than 50 mm.

[0040] Advantageously, the first fire barrier layer comprises substantially opposite internal and external faces.

[0041] Advantageously, the second fire barrier comprises substantially opposite internal and external faces.

[0042] Advantageously, the knitted metal reinforcement comprises first and second substantially opposite faces, said first face being oriented opposite the internal face of the first fire barrier layer and said second face being oriented opposite the internal face of the second fire barrier layer.

[0043] In the present text, the term “palliative anti-vandalism and anti-fire protection material” is understood to mean essentially a metal reinforcing layer placed between a first fire barrier layer of non-woven fibers and a second fire barrier layer of nonwoven fibers wherein said first and second fire barrier layers and said metal reinforcement represent at least 80% by mass, preferably at least 90%, more preferably at least 95% by mass of said protective material.

[0044] In the present text, it is understood by the metallic reinforcement consisting essentially of one or more monofilament metallic wire(s) that the said monofilament metallic wire(s) having (each) a diameter less than or equal to 0.25 mm, represents(s) at least 80% by mass, preferably at least 90%, more preferably at least 95% by mass, of said metallic reinforcement.

[0045] In the present text, it is understood by a given interval as being defined as between a and b that the limits a and b are included in said interval.

[0046] In an alternative embodiment, the protective material has a total surface mass greater than or equal to 100 g / m2 and less than or equal to 600 g / m2.

[0047] Preferably, the protective material has a surface mass greater than or equal to 120 g / m2, more preferably greater than or equal to 130 g / m2, preferably greater than or equal to 140 g / m2, more preferably greater than or equal to 150 g / m2.

[0048] Preferably, the protective material has a surface mass less than or equal to 500 g / m2, more preferably less than or equal to 400 g / m2, preferably less than or equal to 350 g / m2, more preferably less than or equal to 300 g / m2.

[0049] In examples, the protective material has a surface density of between 200 g / m2 and 350 g / m2.

[0050] The protective material according to the invention meets the criteria of resistance to fire and laceration, in particular set out in standard EN 45 546-2, revised in 2020, and its anti-vandalism component set out in standard NF EN 16989, Annex A, while having a low surface mass which makes it possible to obtain a flexible, comfortable protective material which can be sewn when making a seat for example.

[0051] In an alternative embodiment, the knitted metal reinforcement comprises one or more monofilament metal wire(s) each having a diameter less than or equal to 0.20 mm, preferably less than or equal to 0.15 mm.

[0052] In an alternative embodiment, the knitted metal reinforcement has a surface mass greater than or equal to 30 g / m2 and less than or equal to 280 g / m2, preferably less than or equal to 200 g / m2.

[0053] In embodiments, the knitted metal reinforcement has a surface mass greater than or equal to 50 g / m2, in particular greater than or equal to 70 g / m2.

[0054] In embodiments, the knitted metal reinforcement has a surface mass less than or equal to 120 g / m2, in particular less than or equal to 100 g / m2, more particularly less than or equal to 90 g / m2.

[0055] In an alternative embodiment, the knitted metal reinforcement has a number of mesh columns per 25.4 mm less than or equal to 10.

[0056] In embodiments, the knitted metal reinforcement has a number of mesh columns per 25.4 mm greater than or equal to 2, preferably greater than or equal to 3, more preferably greater than or equal to 3.5.

[0057] In embodiments, the knitted metal reinforcement has a number of mesh columns per 25.4 mm less than or equal to 8, more particularly less than or equal to 7, even more particularly less than or equal to 5.5.

[0058] It has been found that the lower the number of stitch columns per inch (i.e. 25.4 mm), and this combined with a fine thread(s), the more supple and flexible the knitted metal reinforcement is, and in particular makes it possible to make a comfortable final product, such as a seat.

[0059] A number of mesh columns greater than or equal to 2 per 25.4 mm allows good resistance to laceration to be maintained.

[0060] In an alternative embodiment, the knitted metal reinforcement comprises, in particular is essentially made up of, meshes each of which comprises from one to eight monofilament metal thread(s), in particular from one to four monofilament metal thread(s), more particularly from one to three monofilament metal thread(s), in particular one monofilament metal thread.

[0061] This arrangement further improves the flexibility and suppleness of the protective material.

[0062] Advantageously, when knitting the metal reinforcement, needles of the knitting machine are each fed with one to four monofilament metal thread(s).

[0063] In embodiments, the knitted metal reinforcement comprises meshes, in particular is made of, each of which comprises a monofilament metal wire.

[0064] This arrangement makes it possible to provide flexibility to the knitted metal reinforcement.

[0065] In an alternative embodiment, the first fire barrier layer comprises at least 60% by mass, in particular at least 70% by mass, more particularly at least 80% by mass, even more particularly at least 90% by mass, of thermostable nonwoven fibers.

[0066] In embodiments, the second fire barrier layer comprises at least 60% by mass, in particular at least 70% by mass, more particularly at least 80% by mass, even more particularly at least 90% by mass, of thermostable nonwoven fibers.

[0067] The mass % of thermostable fibers is calculated relative to the total mass of the first, respectively second, fire barrier layer.

[0068] In the present text, thermostable fibers are understood to mean fibers having good intrinsic fire resistance properties, in particular the mechanical properties (e.g. breaking strength (daN)) are retained at a usage temperature greater than or equal to 300°C or 350°C or 400°C. In an alternative embodiment, the first fire barrier layer comprises at least 60% by mass, in particular at least 70% by mass, more particularly at least 80% by mass, even more particularly at least 90% by mass, of aramid fibers, in particular meta-aramid.

[0069] In embodiments, the second fire barrier layer comprises at least 60% by mass, in particular at least 70% by mass, more particularly at least 80% by mass, even more particularly at least 90% by mass, of aramid fibers, in particular meta-aramid.

[0070] In embodiments, the first fire barrier layer comprises at least 5% by mass of para-aramid fibers, and at most 40% by mass of para-aramid fibers, in particular at most 30% or 20% by mass of para-aramid fibers.

[0071] In embodiments, the second fire barrier layer comprises at least 5% by mass of para-aramid fibers, and at most 40% by mass of para-aramid fibers, in particular at most 30% or 20% by mass of para-aramid fibers.

[0072] In embodiments, the first fire barrier layer comprises at least 60% by mass of meta-aramid fibers, and at most 95% by mass of meta-aramid fibers, in particular at most 80% or 70% by mass of meta-aramid fibers.

[0073] In embodiments, the second fire barrier layer comprises at least 60% by mass of meta-aramid fibers, and at most 95% by mass of meta-aramid fibers, in particular at most 80% or 70% by mass of meta-aramid fibers.

[0074] The mass % of (para / meta) aramid fibers is calculated relative to the total mass of the first, respectively second, fire barrier layer.

[0075] Mixing para-aramid fibers with meta-aramid fibers improves fire resistance and laceration resistance performance. Indeed, para-aramid fibers provide good laceration resistance and fire resistance in combination with meta-aramid fibers having good fire resistance.

[0076] In an alternative embodiment, the first fire barrier layer has a density greater than or equal to 20 kg / m3 and less than or equal to 200 kg / m3.

[0077] In embodiments, the first fire barrier layer has a density greater than or equal to 20 Kg / m3 and less than or equal to 100 Kg / m3, preferably greater than or equal to 25 Kg / m3 and less than or equal to 70 Kg / m3, in particular greater than or equal to 25 Kg / m3 and less than or equal to 60 Kg / m3.

[0078] In embodiments, the second fire barrier layer has a density greater than or equal to 20 Kg / m3 and less than or equal to 200 Kg / m3.

[0079] In embodiments, the second fire barrier layer has a density greater than or equal to 20 Kg / m3 and less than or equal to 100 Kg / m3, preferably greater than or equal to 25 Kg / m3 and less than or equal to 70 Kg / m3, in particular greater than or equal to 25 Kg / m3 and less than or equal to 60 Kg / m3.

[0080] These density ranges make it possible to obtain good resistance to laceration.

[0081] These density ranges preferably apply to the first fire barrier layer and / or to the second fire barrier layer after needling, and before assembly with the metal reinforcement.

[0082] In an alternative embodiment, the first fire barrier layer comprises fibers, in particular thermostable and / or aramid, having a length greater than or equal to 30 mm, in particular greater than or equal to 35 mm, and less than or equal to 100 mm, and a linear mass less than or equal to 10 dtex.

[0083] In embodiments, the first fire barrier layer comprises fibers, in particular thermostable and / or aramid, having a linear density greater than or equal to 0.5 dtex, in particular greater than or equal to 1.5 dtex.

[0084] In embodiments, the second fire barrier layer comprises fibers, in particular thermostable and / or aramid, having a length greater than or equal to 30 mm, in particular greater than or equal to 35 mm, and less than or equal to 100 mm, and a linear mass less than or equal to 10 dtex.

[0085] In embodiments, the second fire barrier layer comprises fibers, in particular thermostable and / or aramid, having a linear density greater than or equal to 0.5 dtex, in particular greater than or equal to 1.5 dtex.

[0086] It has been determined that this combination of parameters makes it possible to improve the delamination resistance of the protective material.

[0087] In an alternative embodiment, the first and second fire barrier layers are each a sheet of non-woven fibers comprising at least 70% by mass of aramid fibers, said sheet having a surface mass greater than or equal to 60 g / m2 and less than or equal to 100 g / m2, in particular less than or equal to 80 g / m2, the knitted metal reinforcement has a surface mass greater than or equal to 50 g / m2, in particular greater than or equal to 70 g / m2, and less than or equal to 120 g / m2, in particular less than or equal to 90 g / m2, and comprises at least one monofilament metal wire having a diameter less than or equal to 0.25 mm, said knitted metal reinforcement comprising a number of mesh columns less than or equal to 8 per 25.4 mm.

[0088] In embodiments, the first fire barrier layer, and optionally the second fire barrier layer, each has a density ranging from 25 Kg / m3 to 45 Kg / m3.

[0089] In an alternative embodiment, the first and second fire barrier layers are secured to the knitted metal reinforcement by at least one of the following means: by an adhesive agent, by a bonding thread, in particular having a number (Nm) ranging from 15 to 40, by fibers of the first fire barrier layer and / or fibers of the second fire barrier layer entangled in said knitted metal reinforcement, for example by needling or hydrobonding, to form a monolithic material.

[0090] Advantageously, said material is monolithic and forms a panel having good resistance to delamination.

[0091] Preferably, the knitted metal reinforcement is disposed between the first and second fire barrier layers.

[0092] In embodiments, the first and second fire barrier layers are secured to the knitted metal reinforcement by means of an adhesive agent. Said adhesive agent may be sprayed onto the inner face(s) of the first and / or second fire barrier layer(s) and / or onto the first and / or second face(s) of the knitted metal reinforcement, and / or a veil of hotmelt adhesive disposed on either side of the knitted metal reinforcement.

[0093] In embodiments, the first and second fire barrier layers and the knitted metal reinforcement are needled together or hydrobonded together.

[0094] In embodiments, the first and second fire barrier layers and the knitted metal reinforcement are joined by a yarn knitted through said layers and said reinforcement.

[0095] In embodiments, one or more bonding yarn(s) is / are sewn through the first fire barrier layer, optionally the second fire barrier, and the knitted metal reinforcement.

[0096] In embodiments, fibers of the first fire barrier layer, and optionally fibers of the second fire barrier layer, extend through the knitted metal reinforcement, particularly in a plane perpendicular to the xy plane of the protective material.

[0097] The subject of the present invention, according to a second aspect, is a method of manufacturing a material for protection against vandalism and against fire, in particular according to any one of the variant embodiments with reference to the first aspect of the invention, comprising the steps:

[0098] - a knitted metal reinforcement is placed between first and second layers fire barriers made of non-woven fibers, said knitted metal reinforcement comprising one or more monofilament metal wire(s), said monofilament metal wire(s) having a diameter less than or equal to 0.25 mm;

[0099] - the first and second fire barrier layers are secured to said reinforcement knitted metal with at least one of the following means: a sprayed adhesive agent, a hotmelt film activated by heating, a sewn bonding thread, by hydrobonding, or a combination of these.

[0100] The subject of the present invention, according to a third aspect, is the use of the fire and vandalism protection material according to any one of the embodiment variants according to a first aspect of the invention for the manufacture of a seat (in particular at least one of the following areas of the seat comprises the protection material according to a first or second aspect of the invention: a seat area and / or a backrest area and / or a headrest area and / or an armrest area), in particular for a means of public transport, for example a train, a bus, a metro or a tram, said seat comprising in this order: an outer covering, said fire and vandalism protection material, and at least one layer of foam.Advantageously, said knitted metal reinforcement, of said fire and vandalism protection material, comprises a reverse side, in particular comprising reverse stitches, and a front side, in particular comprising front stitches, and the front side of the knitted metal reinforcement is oriented opposite the outer covering, and the reverse side of the metal reinforcement is oriented opposite said at least one layer of foam.

[0101] Preferably, at least one of the following areas of the seat chosen from a seat area and / or a backrest area and / or a headrest area and / or an armrest area comprises the protective material. It has been surprisingly found that the arrangement of the meshes facing the outer covering, and therefore facing the start of the laceration, improves the resistance to laceration of the protective material and therefore of the seat. Description of the drawings

[0102] The present invention will be better understood on reading the following embodiments, cited without limitation, and illustrated by the figures in which:

[0103] [Fig-1] [Fig. 1] schematically represents a side view and exploded view of a first example of a material for protection against fire and vandalism according to the invention;

[0104] [Fig.2] [Fig.2] schematically represents a first example of a seat in section comprising a first example of fire and vandalism protection material according to the invention;

[0105] [Fig.3] [Fig.3] schematically represents a test comparing the flexibility between the first example of protective material 10 shown in [Fig.2], a comparative example of a fire barrier 100 and an example of anti-vandalism sheet 200.

[0106] The first example of vandalism and fire protection material 10 shown in [Fig.l] advantageously comprises a knitted metal reinforcement 20 disposed between a first fire barrier layer of nonwoven fibers 30 and a second fire barrier layer of nonwoven fibers 40.

[0107] In a specific example, the metal reinforcement 20 is a knitted metal reinforcement with jersey stitches, each stitch of which is formed with a monofilament metal wire, in particular stainless steel, having a diameter of the order of 0.10 mm. The number of columns of stitches per 25.4 mm (i.e. one English inch) is preferably between 3.5 and 5.5, more preferably of the order of 4.5.

[0108] In a specific example, the first fire barrier layer 30 and the second fire barrier layer 40 are each a web of non-woven and needled fibers of approximately 70 g / m2 consisting essentially of aramid fibers, in particular 70% to 95% by mass of meta-aramid fibers and 5% to 30% by mass of para-aramid fibers.

[0109] In a specific example, the first fire barrier layer 30 and the second fire barrier layer 40 are each a web of non-woven and needled fibers having a thickness of approximately 2 mm and a density of approximately 35 Kg / m3.

[0110] In a specific example, the first fire barrier layer 30 and the second fire barrier layer 40 are each a sheet of non-woven and needled fibers comprising fibers having a length of between 30 mm and 100 mm, for example of the order of 60 mm, for at least 70% by mass of said fibers. Advantageously, the first fire barrier layer 30 comprises an external face 31 and an internal face 32, the second fire barrier layer 40 comprises an external face 41 and an internal face 42, and finally the knitted metal reinforcement layer 20 comprises a first face 21 and a second face 22.

[0111] As can be seen in [Fig.l], the first face 21 of the metal reinforcement 20 is arranged opposite the internal face 32 of the first fire barrier layer 30 and the second face 22 of the metal reinforcement 20 is arranged opposite the internal face 42 of the second fire barrier layer 40.

[0112] Advantageously, the material 10 is monolithic, because the different layers (20, 30, 40) are secured to each other with good resistance to delamination.

[0113] In the embodiment illustrated in [Fig.l], the different layers (20, 30, 40) are secured to each other by an adhesive agent, in this specific example two sheets of hot-melt glue 50 and 60 are arranged on either side of the knitted metal reinforcement layer 20, between the internal face 32 and the first face 21 on the one hand and between the internal face 42 and the second surface 22 on the other hand.

[0114] In a specific example, the hot melt adhesive layers 50 and 60 are each a copolyamide adhesive layer of approximately 12 g / m2.

[0115] The assembly of layers 20, 30, 40 with the adhesive layers 50 and 60 is hot calendered in order to compact said layers and secure them together.

[0116] The protective material 10 obtained with the various precise parameters stated above has a surface mass of the order of 230 g / m2, and a thickness of the order of 3 mm under a load of 0.5 KPa. The protective material 10 has a result in the laceration test (according to the aforementioned standard EN 16989) of less than 10 mm compared to a result greater than 50 mm, for example of the order of 55 mm, for a comparative standard fire barrier (250 g / m2 of a carded and needled web of nonwoven fibers of 88% by mass of meta-aramid and 12% by mass of para-aramid, thickness of 4 mm under a load of 0.5 KPa) 100. The comparative fire barrier 100 thus has poor resistance to laceration but nevertheless has good flexibility as illustrated in [Fig. 3]. In [Fig.3], we notice that the comparative fire barrier 100 conforms more closely to the surface on which it is placed.

[0117] The knitted metal reinforcement 20 advantageously makes it possible to brake the blade during the test. [Fig. 3] also represents a comparative anti-vandalism sheet 200 (1050g / m2, a knitted metal reinforcement of approximately 450g / m2 comprising monofilament metal threads of 0.35mm diameter is arranged between two carded and needled sheets of aramid fibers, each sheet having a surface mass of approximately 300g / m2, thickness of 3.8mm under a load of 0.5 KPa). The resistance to laceration is good since the value obtained in the test is 0mm, however the anti-vandalism sheet 200 is very rigid and heavy. It is clearly noted in [Fig. 3] that the comparative sheet 200 is the one conforming least to the shape of the support.

[0118] The laceration tests were carried out on each of the materials assembled with a 50 mm polyurethane foam, having a density of 60 kg / m3, and an outer velvet covering of 870 g / m2, the right side comprising the right stitches of the knitted reinforcement 20 being oriented opposite the outer covering.

[0119] The protective material 10 according to the invention has good flexibility and good resistance to tearing while offering a reduced thickness of 3 mm. In addition, this protective material 10 has a resistance to tearing similar to that of the anti-vandalism sheet 200 while it has a surface mass divided by 4 compared to the latter.

[0120] These good results are linked in particular to the use of monofilament metal wire(s) having a fine diameter and to loose knitting.

[0121] [Fig. 2] shows in section an example of a seat 300, in particular for a means of collective transport, for example a train, a bus, a metro or a tram, said seat 300 comprising in this order an outer covering 320, said material according to the invention 340 (for example the protective material 10), and at least one layer of foam 360, the knitted metal reinforcement, for example the metal reinforcement 20, comprises a reverse face, in particular comprising reverse stitches, and a face place, in particular comprising place stitches, and the place face of the knitted metal reinforcement is oriented opposite the outer covering 320, and the reverse face of the metal reinforcement is oriented opposite said at least one layer of foam 360. The place face of the knitted metal reinforcement is thus oriented opposite the start of the laceration. The outer covering 320, the material 340 and the foam 360 are mounted and secured to a support 380.

Claims

Claims

1. A vandalism and fire protection material (10,340) comprising a metal reinforcing layer (20) disposed between a first fire barrier layer of nonwoven fibers (30) and a second fire barrier layer of nonwoven fibers (40), characterized in that the metal reinforcing layer (20) is a knitted metal reinforcement comprising one or more monofilament metal yarns having a diameter less than or equal to 0.25 mm.

2. Protective material (10,340) according to claim 1, characterized in that said protective material has a total surface mass greater than or equal to 100 g / m2 and less than or equal to 600 g / m2.

3. Protective material (10,340) according to either of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the knitted metal reinforcement (20) comprises one or more monofilament metal wire(s) each having a diameter less than or equal to 0.15 mm.

4. Protective material (10,340) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the knitted metal reinforcement (20) has a surface mass greater than or equal to 30 g / m2 and less than or equal to 280 g / m2, preferably less than or equal to 200 g / m2.

5. Protective material (10,340) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the knitted metal reinforcement (20) has a number of mesh columns per 25.4 mm less than or equal to 10.

6. Protective material (10,340) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the knitted metal reinforcement (20) comprises meshes each of which comprises from one to three monofilament metal thread(s).

7. Protective material (10,340) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the first fire barrier layer (30) comprises at least 60% by mass of thermostable non-woven fibers.

8. Protective material (10,340) according to claim 7, characterized in that the first fire barrier layer (30) comprises at least 60% by mass, relative to the total mass of said first fire barrier layer (30), of aramid fibers, in particular meta-aramid.

9. Protective material (10,340) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the first fire barrier layer (10,340) has a density greater than or equal to 20 Kg / m3 and in- less than or equal to 100 Kg / m3.

10. Protective material (10,340) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the first fire barrier layer (30) comprises thermostable fibers having a length greater than or equal to 35 mm and less than or equal to 100 mm, and a linear density less than or equal to 10 dtex.

11. Protective material (10,340) according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the first and second fire barrier layers (30,40) are each a web of non-woven fibers comprising at least 70% by mass of aramid fibers, said web having a surface mass greater than or equal to 60 g / m2 and less than or equal to 100 g / m2, the knitted metal reinforcement (20) has a surface mass greater than or equal to 50 g / m2 and less than or equal to 120 g / m2 and comprises at least one monofilament metal wire having a diameter less than or equal to 0.25 mm, said knitted metal reinforcement (20) comprising a number of mesh columns less than or equal to 8 per 25.4 mm.

12. Protective material (10,340) according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the first and second fire barrier layers (30,40) are secured to the knitted metal reinforcement (20) by at least one of the following means: by an adhesive agent, by a bonding thread, in particular having a number (Nm) ranging from 15 to 40, by fibers of the first fire barrier layer (30) and / or fibers of the second fire barrier layer (40) entangled in said knitted metal reinforcement (20), to form a monolithic material (10,340).

13. A method of manufacturing a vandalism and fire protection material (10, 340), in particular according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that it comprises the steps: - a knitted metal reinforcement (20) is placed between first and second fire barrier layers of non-woven fibers (30, 40), said knitted metal reinforcement (20) comprising one or more monofilament metal thread(s), said monofilament metal thread(s) having a diameter less than or equal to 0.25 mm; - the first and second fire barrier layers (30, 40) are secured to said knitted metal reinforcement (20) with at least one of the following means: a sprayed adhesive agent, a hotmelt film activated by heating, a sewn bonding thread, by hydrobonding, or a com- combination of these.

14. Use of the fire and vandalism protection material (10,340) according to any one of claims 1 to 12 for the manufacture of a seat (300), in particular for a means of public transport, characterized in that said seat (300) comprising in this order: an outer covering (320), said fire and vandalism protection material (10,340), and at least one layer of foam (360), and in that said knitted metal reinforcement (20) of said fire and vandalism protection material (10,340) comprises a reverse side and a front side, and the front side of the knitted metal reinforcement (20) is oriented opposite the outer covering (320), and the reverse side of the knitted metal reinforcement (20) is oriented opposite said at least one layer of foam (360).

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