PHYSICAL PARAMETER MEASUREMENT DEVICE FOR PANEL BONDING TOOLING ON A HOUSING

Abstract

The invention relates to a device (112) for measuring physical parameters, in particular for a panel gluing tool (702). The device (112) comprises: an RFID tag (106) capable of converting measurement data into a signal readable by a reading device (180) and transmitting it to the tag. The measuring device further comprises: at least one resistive sensor (108) having: an active face (Sact) connected to the tag to transmit a measurement; and a support face (Sapp) opposite the active face and adapted to bear against the panel; and an elastically deformable membrane (110) disposed between the sensor and the tag, having a first contact surface (S1) adapted to receive the tag and a second contact surface (S2) opposite the first surface and adapted to bear against the active face of the sensor. Figure for the abbreviation: Fig. 2A

Description

Title of the invention: DEVICE FOR MEASURING PHYSICAL PARAMETERS FOR A TOOL FOR GLUING A PANEL TO A HOUSING Technical field of the invention

[0001] The present invention relates to a device for measuring physical parameters, in particular for a tool for bonding a panel to an annular part such as a housing, a bonding tool comprising the device, an assembly comprising at least this tool equipped with the measuring device and a panel, and a method for manufacturing an annular part of an aircraft turbomachine comprising this assembly. Technological background

[0002] Generally, a turbomachine 900, in particular an aircraft turbomachine, as illustrated in [Fig.1A], comprises from upstream to downstream (i.e. in the direction of flow of the gas flows F), a blower 910, one or more compressors 902 i, 9022, a combustion chamber 904, one or more turbines 906b 9062 and an ejection nozzle 908 for the combustion gases exiting the turbine(s).

[0003] Figure 1B schematically and partially illustrates a fan 910 of a turbomachine. The fan 910 comprises a blade wheel 912 which is surrounded by a fan housing 600, also called a retention housing because of its function of retaining the blades in the event of their breakage, or in the event of debris entering the fan.

[0004] With reference to [Fig. IC], a fan casing 600, and more generally a casing, typically comprises an annular shell 602, which may be, for example and without limitation, made of metallic material or of a composite material made from woven fibers embedded in a polymer resin. Preferably, the annular shell is made of composite material. This annular shell 602 has an axis of revolution A and extends around the turbomachine's fan blades 912. The casing 600 includes an annular mounting flange 604i, 6042 at each of the axial ends of the annular shell 602. These flanges 604b, 6042 are used to fix the casing 600 to annular walls of a nacelle that surrounds the turbomachine to form an aircraft propulsion assembly.

[0005] The housing 600 can be connected by flanges 604i, 6042 on one side to an air inlet sleeve 4a located upstream of the blower housing 600, and on the other side to an intermediate housing ferrule 4b located downstream of the blower housing 600, as illustrated in [Fig. 1D]. The blower housing 600 also includes upstream acoustic panels 6 and downstream acoustic panels 8.

[0006] With further reference to [Fig. 1D], an abradable annular cartridge 700 can be positioned on an internal annular surface S602 of the casing 602 of the housing 600, between the upstream acoustic panels 6 and the downstream acoustic panels 8. This abradable cartridge 700 can comprise an annular layer 704 of abradable material and an annular panel or support 702 supporting the annular layer 704, the panel 702 being fixed to the casing 602. This abradable annular layer 704 is designed to wear in a controlled manner during operation. As for the panel 702, it can, for example, be solid or have a honeycomb structure.

[0007] In addition to the retention function, the housing 600 is further designed to: - ensure mechanical continuity (of forces and moments) between the air inlet sleeve 4a and the intermediate housing ferrule 4b; - to allow the fixing of the panels of the abradable annular cartridge 700, the upstream acoustic panels 6 and the downstream acoustic panels 8 thus ensuring a continuity of the aerodynamic duct; - to allow the attachment of equipment and supports known in themselves, in particular inside the gondola; - to comply with fire and leakage regulations; - to allow continuity of the electrical current for lightning protection, etc.

[0008] The casing 602 of the housing 600 and the annular cartridge 700 are separate parts which are manufactured separately and then assembled in an assembly step in which the panel 702 is first fixed to the annular casing 602 and then the abradable annular layer 704 is glued to the panel 702.

[0009] It is known in the prior art to assemble the annular envelope 602 of the housing 600 and the panel 702 by gluing.

[0010] In operation, the axis of revolution A of the housing is generally horizontal. However, for assembly, the housing 600 is positioned on one of its flanges 604b 604 2 so that its axis of revolution A is vertical. Then, one or more layers of adhesive are applied either to a surface S702 of the panel 702 of the abradable annular cartridge 700, intended to come into contact with the internal annular surface S602 of the annular casing 602 of the housing, or to the internal surface S602 of the annular casing 602 of the housing. The panel is then placed inside the casing 602 of the housing 600 and held in a predefined position using pins. Technical fabrics such as, for example, and without limitation, delaminating, draining, tear-off fabrics, and a waterproof tarpaulin with a seal are affixed to the assembly formed by the envelope 602 and the panel 702.

[0011] The assembly formed by the panel 702 and the annular shell 602 is then placed in an autoclave for polymerization of this adhesive. The abradable annular layer 704 is finally bonded to the panel 702.

[0012] The internal surface S602 of the envelope 602 is drilled after the panel 702 of the abradable support cartridge 700 has been glued. This drilling allows the upstream acoustic panels 6 and downstream acoustic panels 8 to be fixed.

[0013] This assembly method, described above and requiring the use of tooling including at least technical fabrics and gauges, may present several drawbacks, including: - a significant implementation time due to the installation of technical fabrics; - a risk of leakage from the tarpaulin during the autoclave cooking cycle (poor application of the seal, presence of thermocouples, micro-perforation of the waterproof tarpaulin...) which could generate non-conformities; - a high production cost due to the use of a large number of technical fabrics.

[0014] The manufacture of the housing may also require monitoring key physical parameters such as the bonding time, the temperature during adhesive polymerization, or the pressure exerted on the panel, etc. Indeed, poor control of these parameters can lead to manufacturing defects, for example, but not limited to, a panel that is not properly bonded due to insufficient pressure.

[0015] It is known in the prior art to monitor these physical parameters using measuring devices. These devices can be wired, such as thermocouples, or wireless, such as RFID tags.

[0016] Figure 1E illustrates an example of a setup that can be used for bonding a panel to the housing and in which at least one wired measuring device is used. The bonding is carried out in a closed autoclave-type chamber 162. Temperature measurements are, in particular, performed using wired thermocouples 166.

[0017] This bonding process therefore involves making a vacuum bag 164 taking into account the passage of the thermocouples 166 between the bag and the acquisition unit 160, located outside the autoclave 162.

[0018] The acquisition unit 160 connected to the thermocouples collects the temperature measurements.

[0019] An oven-type chamber can also be used for low-pressure bonding (vacuum only).

[0020] However, the drawbacks associated with the use of wired measuring devices are numerous. For example, and without limitation, the use of wired thermocouples can lead to air leaks and therefore pressure deviations compared to a setpoint. This type of drawback can result in non-conformity of the manufactured part.

[0021] Furthermore, wire thermocouples are generally fragile. Thus, if stress is exerted on the wire during autoclave placement or if the thermocouple is improperly positioned under the vacuum bag 164, the cable may break, resulting in a failure of temperature monitoring or control. If this break occurs before the polymerization cycle, it is necessary to replace the thermocouple(s) and re-prepare the vacuum bag. If this break occurs during the curing phase (resin, adhesive), the part may be rejected. Moreover, handling the cables of the various thermocouples can be complicated and lead to errors in connection, referencing, etc.

[0022] The use of a thermocouple involves periodic calibration requiring a specific step. Cleaning is also necessary after a cooking cycle, as well as maintenance to ensure proper operation.

[0023] Thus, in general, wired measuring devices can complicate the implementation of the process of gluing the panel onto the annular part (calibration time, installation time, routing time, interconnection with a data acquisition unit).

[0024] As for wireless measuring devices, such as RFID (Radio-identification) tags, they have the advantage of not having wires, which simplifies their installation in the tooling and poses fewer integration problems.

[0025] Figure 1F illustrates an example of an RFID tag 106. The tag 106 comprises at least one electronic circuit 302 having a sensor for measuring at least one physical parameter (temperature, electrical resistance, pressure, humidity, etc.) and an antenna 300, connected to the electronic circuit 302 to communicate with at least one reading device, for example an RFID reader, in order to transmit the measurement of the physical parameter as a signal (radio waves). The electronic circuit 302 is, for example, an RFID-type electronic chip.

[0026] The label further includes a support 304 on which the electronic circuit 302 and the antenna 300 are arranged.

[0027] RFID tags are classified as active or passive. An active RFID tag generally includes an onboard power source, such as a battery, enabling the tag to function and transmit data. In contrast to the active tag, the passive RFID tag does not contain an onboard power source. It relies on the wave emitted by a reader device to power its electronic circuit, modulate the signal, and, through backscattering, transmit a signal back to the reader device.

[0028] RFID tags are generally mounted securely to the part (glued, screwed, riveted, etc.). The RFID tags are arranged so that their en- the footprint should be as small as possible.

[0029] RFID tags can be mounted on a metallic substrate and have a specific antenna design, the metal influencing the radio antenna design. These tags are called metal tags. The antennas of metal tags have a selective bandwidth. The signals or waves emitted by these antennas are in either the 902 MHz to 930 MHz band (US band) or the 865 MHz to 868 MHz band (EU band). Metal tags can also be broadband and emit signals readable by readers adapted to the US and EU bands. However, the reading devices must be positioned at a shorter distance from the tags than required for metal tags with a band-selective antenna (approximately 30%). Metal tags have a certain thickness (minimum 1 mm) between their antenna and the conductive substrate.

[0030] There are also non-metallic type labels having broadband antennas. These labels are suitable for non-conductive substrates, for example cardboard, paper, wood, plastic, etc.

[0031] It is known in the prior art to use active or passive RFID tags placed on parts, for example of a turbomachine, for the identification of these parts.

[0032] Due to the absence of electrical wires, it is possible to use a very large number of wireless measuring devices, unlike wired measuring devices whose number, in use, can be limited by the number of inputs of the acquisition units capable of processing in real time the signals relating to the measurements of physical parameters transmitted by the wired measuring devices.

[0033] Controlling key parameters of the bonding process, such as temperature or pressure, may require the insertion or placement of RFID tags at the interface or between two conductive materials. However, due to their conductive properties, these materials can form a Faraday cage that can significantly reduce or eliminate the ability of the UHF RFID antenna reader to communicate with the RFID sensors located at the interface or between the materials. In this situation, the key bonding parameters may not be optimally controlled, leading to manufacturing defects.

[0034] It may therefore be desirable to provide a measuring device and gluing tooling which makes it possible to overcome at least some of the aforementioned problems and constraints. Summary of the invention

[0035] Device for measuring physical parameters, in particular for a panel gluing tool, the device comprising: - an RFID tag containing at least: • an integrated circuit comprising at least: a memory for storing data relating to at least one measurement of at least one physical parameter, and a processor capable of converting said stored measurement into a signal readable by a reading device; and an antenna connected to the integrated circuit and capable of communicating wirelessly with said at least one measurement reading device for the transmission of said signal; characterized in that the measuring device further comprises: at least one resistive sensor comprising: an active face connected to the RFID tag's integrated circuit by means of at least one electrical conductor, so as to transmit a parameter measurement to the integrated circuit; and, a bearing face opposite the active face and capable of bearing against an element, such as said panel; and; an elastically deformable membrane disposed between the sensor and the RFID tag and comprising a first contact surface suitable for receiving the RFID tag and a second contact surface opposite the first surface and suitable for bearing against the active face of the resistive sensor.

[0036] When the panel is glued to an internal surface of an annular part, preferably an annular housing for an aircraft turbomachine, the measuring device is placed on a part of the assembly formed by the annular part and the panel in order to measure physical parameters such as pressure and / or temperature and transmit them via its RFID antenna.

[0037] Thus, thanks to the invention it is possible to control precisely and easily at each stage of assembly, for example a housing of an aircraft turbomachine, the key manufacturing parameters (time, temperature, pressure, etc.) by minimizing, by means of the elastic membrane, the disturbances of the measurements of key parameters and the transmission of signals relating to these measurements, the disturbances being able to be caused by the location of the measuring device and the nature of the surrounding materials (panel and annular parts being able to be conductive).

[0038] The use of the measuring device as described also simplifies the assembly of the tooling, panel, and annular part for implementing the manufacturing or bonding process. Indeed, the measuring device of the invention is wireless and eliminates the need for wired measuring devices that may making the implementation of the process complex (calibration time, installation time, routing time, interconnection with a data acquisition center).

[0039] The invention may further include one or more of the following optional features, in any technically feasible combination: - the active face includes an area incorporating a resistance which varies between 0.1 and 100 kOhm(s) depending on the force applied to said active face; - the sensor has an area defined by the area of ​​its support face or its active face; - the first contact surface of the membrane has an area greater than the area of the resistive sensor; and - the second contact surface of the membrane has an area smaller than the area of ​​the resistive sensor; - the integrated circuit includes communication functions executed by the processor to communicate, by means of the antenna, data relating to the measurement of a physical parameter to a communication module integrating at least one communication function common with the RFID tag; - the communication functions include at least one RFID communication protocol on a UHF band; - the integrated circuit includes a measuring means capable of measuring a value of the resistance of the resistive sensor; - the integrated circuit includes a measurement means capable of measuring an internal temperature of said circuit or of said resistive sensor; - The data recorded by the memory includes at least: • identification of the resistive sensor; • the value of the internal temperature of the circuit and / or the temperature of the resistive sensor; • the value of the electrical resistance; • a set of programs whose execution by the processor allows the sending of an alert signal in the event of exceeding a predefined temperature threshold and / or a resistance value; - the resistive sensor is flat; - the membrane has a rounded, rectangular, or trapezoidal shape; - The RFID tag antenna is configured to communicate on an EU UHF 860 / 930 MHz band.

[0040] The invention also relates to a tool for gluing at least one panel comprising at least one measuring device as described above.

[0041] Thus, the tooling for gluing at least one panel, the tooling has an annular shape around an axis and comprises at least: - a first annular element that extends around the axis and is expandable so that its radial dimension or thickness can be modified; and - a second annular element extending around the axis and comprising two annular portions, respectively front and rear, arranged axially one after the other: • the front annular portion comprising an annular housing opening radially outwards and configured to receive at least the expandable element and said at least one panel, the expandable element being intended to be radially interposed between said second annular element and said at least one panel; • the rear annular portion being connected at its axial end opposite to the front annular portion to an annular rim which extends radially outwards and which includes an annular face oriented towards the side of the front annular portion and adapted to bear against an annular piece intended to receive the panel; characterized in that: - the first annular element includes on a face intended to come into contact with said panel, at least one notch suitable for receiving a measuring device as described above.

[0042] The tooling may further include one or more of the following optional features, in any technically feasible combination: - the notch of the first annular element has a shape complementary to that of the measuring device so that its contact face with the panel is aligned with that of said panel; - the notch has a rounded, rectangular, or trapezoidal shape; - the first annular element comprises an annular row of notches distributed around the axis and suitable for receiving several measuring devices.

[0043] The invention also relates to an assembly comprising a tool and at least one measuring device as described above, said device being disposed in at least one notch of the first annular element of the tool.

[0044] The assembly may further include one or more of the following optional features, in any technically feasible combination: - the assembly includes a panel positioned in the annular housing of the front annular portion; - the assembly includes an annular piece intended to receive the panel, the tooling equipped with the measuring device and the panel being inserted into the annular piece intended to receive the panel; - the assembly includes a device for reading the signal relating to the physical parameter measured by the measuring device.

[0045] The invention also relates to a method of manufacturing an annular part, the part comprising an annular envelope having an axis of revolution and having at least one internal surface intended to receive at least one panel, the method comprising at least one step of gluing the panel onto the internal surface by means of a tooling as described above, the gluing step comprising at least: - the deposition of an adhesive on an external surface of the annular panel intended to be glued onto the internal surface of the annular envelope and / or onto said internal surface; - the insertion of at least one measuring device as described above, in at least one notch of the first annular element of the tooling; - the insertion of the tooling equipped with the annular panel and at least one measuring device into the part; - the expansion of the expandable element; - the compression bonding of the annular panel onto the internal surface of the part's casing; - monitoring of at least one physical parameter during at least one of steps d) and e). Brief description of the figures

[0046] The invention will be better understood with the aid of the following description, given solely by way of example and made with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: - [Fig. 1A] is a schematic representation of a simplified view of a turbomachine according to the prior art, - [Fig.1B] is a schematic representation of an axial and partial cross-sectional view of a fan of an aircraft turbomachine, according to the prior art, - [Fig.1C] is a schematic representation of a perspective view of a fan casing, according to the prior art; - [Fig.1D] is a schematic representation of a partial axial cross-sectional view of a blower housing, according to the prior art; - [Fig. 1E] is a very schematic representation of an assembly that can be used for gluing a panel onto a casing according to the prior art; - [Fig.1F] is a schematic representation of an RFID tag, according to the prior art; - [Fig.2A] is a schematic representation of a measuring device according to the invention; - [Fig.2B] is a schematic representation of a resistive sensor, an element of the measurement device in [Fig.2A]; - [Fig. 2C] is a schematic representation of a variation curve of the resistance of the resistive sensor of [Fig.2B] as a function of the force exerted on the active area of ​​[Fig.2C] - [Fig.2D] is a schematic representation of the active area of ​​the resistive sensor in [Fig.2B]; - [Fig.2E] is a very schematic representation of a UHF communication protocol of the measuring device according to the invention; - [Fig.3] is a schematic representation of a perspective view of a tool according to the invention; - [Fig.4] is a schematic representation of a perspective view of a portion of the tooling in [Fig.3]; - [Fig.5A] is a schematic representation of a portion of the expandable element of the tooling in [Fig.3]; - [Fig.5B] is a schematic representation of a portion of the expandable element of the tooling of [Fig.5A] with a measuring device arranged in the notch and resting on a panel; - [Fig.5C] is a schematic representation of a variant of the portion of the expandable element of the tooling of [Fig.3]; - [Fig.5B] is a schematic representation of a portion of the expandable element of the tooling of [Fig.5C] with a set of measuring devices arranged in each of the notches and supported by a panel; - [Fig.6] is a schematic representation of an axial cross-sectional view of an assembly comprising the tooling of [Fig.3] equipped with at least one measuring device according to the invention and a panel; - [Fig.7] is a schematic representation of an axial cross-sectional view of the entire [Fig.6] inserted inside an annular piece; - [Fig.8] is a schematic representation of a method of gluing a panel onto the internal surface of an annular part according to the invention; - [Fig.9] is a schematic representation of a process for inserting the entire [Fig.6] into an annular piece; - [Fig.1OA] is a schematic representation of a perspective view of the positioning of the panel on the tooling according to the invention; - [Fig.1OB] is a schematic representation of a perspective view of the whole of [Fig.6] according to the invention; - the [Fig.lOC] is a schematic representation of a perspective view of the insertion of the whole of the [Fig.6] inside the annular piece; Detailed description of the invention

[0047] Although in the examples that will be described below, by way of illustration, the parts These are annular parts that have an axis of revolution and annular surfaces; those skilled in the art will understand that these examples are in no way limiting. The invention can be applied to the bonding of parts of different shapes, whether or not they have an axis of revolution, an annular or linear body, a flat, annular, curved, or complex surface.

[0048] By convention, in the following description, the term "axial" refers to the orientation of structural elements extending along the direction of an axis. This axis corresponds substantially to an axis of rotation or revolution. The term "radial" refers to an orientation of structural elements extending in a direction perpendicular to the axis of rotation or revolution. The terms "interior" and "exterior," "front" and "rear," "internal" and "external" are used with reference to a positioning relative to the axis of rotation or revolution. Thus, a structural element extending along the axis of rotation or revolution has an interior face facing the longitudinal axis and an exterior surface opposite its interior surface.Similarly, a portion of a structural element that extends radially towards the axis of rotation or revolution will be considered a front portion, and a portion of the same structural element that extends radially away from the axis of rotation or revolution will be considered a rear portion.

[0049] Figure [Fig. 2A] illustrates an example of a measuring device according to the invention.

[0050] The device for measuring physical parameters, in particular for a tool 100 for gluing a panel 702, includes at least one RFID tag 106, a resistive sensor 108 and an elastically deformable membrane 110 disposed between the RFID tag 106 and the resistive sensor 108.

[0051] The tag 106 (as illustrated in [Fig. 1F]) may comprise at least one integrated circuit 302 and an antenna 300 connected to the integrated circuit and capable of communicating wirelessly with at least one reading device 180 for the transmission of a signal. Preferably, the RFID tag is passive and of the UHF (ultra-high frequency) type.

[0052] The integrated circuit 302 includes at least one memory for storing data relating to at least one measurement of at least one physical parameter and, a processor capable of converting said stored measurement into a signal readable by a reading device 180.

[0053] The integrated circuit 302 includes communication functions executed by the processor to communicate, by means of the antenna 300, data relating to the measurement of a physical parameter to a communication module integrating at least one communication function common with the RFID tag 106.

[0054] The communication functions include at least one RFID communication protocol on a UHF band.

[0055] The integrated circuit 302 further includes at least one measuring means capable of measuring a value of the resistance of the resistive sensor 108.

[0056] The integrated circuit 302 further includes at least one means suitable for measuring an internal temperature of said circuit 302 or of said resistive sensor 108.

[0057] The data recorded by the memory includes at least: - identification of the resistive sensor (for example the part number (P / N), the serial number (S / N), - the value of the internal temperature of the circuit and / or the temperature of the resistive sensor; - the value of the electrical resistance; - a set of programs whose execution by the processor allows the sending of an alert signal in case of exceeding a predefined temperature threshold and / or a resistance value.

[0058] The 300 antenna of the RFID tag 106 is configured to communicate on an EU UHF 860 / 930 MHz band.

[0059] The resistive sensor 108 includes at least one active face Sact connected to the integrated circuit 302 of the RFID tag 106 by means of at least one electrical conductor 114, so as to transmit a parameter measurement to the integrated circuit 302 of the RFID tag 106.

[0060] The sensor 108 further comprises at least one support face Sapp opposite to the active face Sact and capable of bearing against an element, such as said panel 702.

[0061] Fig. 2B illustrates an example of a resistive sensor 108 of strain gauge type.

[0062] The sensor 108 includes a support 118, a measuring grid 128 and connectors 138.

[0063] The support can be, for example, a sheet of epoxy resin. The grid 128, located in an area of ​​the active face Sact, consists of a thin metal wire forming an electrical resistance.

[0064] The sensor is generally glued to a part, for example, but not limited to, a panel 702, at a point where it is desired to measure a deformation. The deformation may be caused by a force or a pressure, for example.

[0065] The resistance of the sensor varies according to the force or pressure applied to the active face of the sensor.

[0066] Figure 2C illustrates, for example, a curve representing the variation of the resistance of the sensor in Figure 2B as a function of the force applied to its active face S act*

[0067] The curve allows the pressure applied at a contact surface S to be estimated via the relation P=F / S, where F is the force deduced from the resistance measurement and of the curve shown in [Fig.2C].

[0068] For example, and without limitation, based on the characteristics shown in [Fig. 2C], for a measured resistance R = 1 kOhm, the corresponding force is approximately F = 1000 g x gO, where gO = 9.81 N / kg is the gravitational constant. For a circular sensor (such as that in [Fig. 2B]) with a radius r = 1 cm and a surface area S = 3.14 x r², the pressure P is approximately 0.31 bar.

[0069] Preferably, the sensor resistance varies between 0.1 and 100 kOhm(s) depending on the force applied to said active face. This corresponds to a force of approximately between 0.1 N and 100 N.

[0070] Preferably, the resistive sensor is flat and of the strain gauge type.

[0071] The membrane 110 has a first contact surface Si suitable for receiving the RFID tag 106 and a second contact surface Si opposite the first surface and suitable for bearing on the active face Sat of the resistive sensor.

[0072] The membrane comprises a thickness em. The thickness em is predefined so as to prevent the RFID tag 106 from being subjected to disturbances affecting its proper functioning due to its proximity to the panel 702 which may be a carbon fiber composite and therefore an electrical conductor.

[0073] The membrane may have a rounded shape (for example, a truncated sphere) or a rectangular or trapezoidal shape. Preferably, the membrane has a rounded shape so that a pressure exerted on its first contact surface Si is uniform over the entire surface.

[0074] Preferably, the membrane 110 of the measuring device is designed such that: - its first contact surface Siait has an area greater than the area of ​​the resistive sensor 108, the area of ​​the sensor being defined by the area of ​​its bearing face Sappou of its active face Sact. This prevents any stress or pressure exerted on the measuring device from being exerted directly on the active surface; - its second contact surface of the membrane has an area less than 108 of the resistive sensor; - its second contact surface S2 is greater than or equal to the area of ​​the active face of the sensor comprising the grid 128 as illustrated for example in [Fig.2D].

[0075] Preferably, the membrane is made of a non-compressible deformable material, such as silicone.

[0076] Thus, advantageously, a person skilled in the art will understand that the pressure exerted on the measuring device 112 at the first contact surface Si can be estimated from a measured electrical resistance value. This resistance allows a value FSi of the applied force to be deduced via a curve such as than that represented in [Fig.2C]. The pressure P is then given by the value of the force F divided by the value (area) of the surface SI on which the force is applied: P = FS1 / S1.

[0077] Fig. 2E illustrates an example of a communication protocol for the measuring device 112 according to the invention.

[0078] The electronic circuit 302 of the RFID tag 106 receives a resistance measurement transmitted by the resistive sensor, the resistance being converted into pressure by the processor of the electronic circuit.

[0079] The circuit can further receive a temperature measurement which can be the internal temperature of the circuit and / or the temperature of the resistive sensor and transmitted by a temperature sensor 306. The temperature sensor can be integrated into the electronic circuit or connected to the electronic circuit.

[0080] The temperature sensor 306 can, for example, measure the polymerization temperature of the adhesive. Other temperature sensors can also be provided for measuring the polymerization temperature of the adhesive.

[0081] The pressure and temperature values ​​are converted into signals by the processor of the electronic circuit.

[0082] The communication functions are also performed by the processor to implement the transmission of signals, by means of the antenna, according to a UHF (ultra-high frequency) RFID protocol to a reader 180 comprising at least one RFID antenna and a UHF communication module. Preferably, the reader 180 is positioned at a distance of between 1 and 150 cm from the measuring device 112.

[0083] The reading device 180 can be connected to an acquisition unit 160 for monitoring and / or processing data.

[0084] For example, and without limitation, the communication protocol is the EPC UHF Gen 2 standard.

[0085] The invention also relates to a tool 100 for the assembly of an annular part.

[0086] Figure 3 illustrates an example of tooling according to the invention.

[0087] The tooling 100 has an annular shape around a revolution axis Ao and comprises a first 104 and a second 102 annular element which extend around the axis Ao, the first annular element 104 enveloping a portion of the second annular element 102.

[0088] The first annular element 104 is expandable so that its dimension or radial thickness can be modified.

[0089] By expandable element is meant an element that can increase in volume or that is inflatable. In particular, expansion makes it possible to modify the dimension or thickness radial of the element and therefore to increase and / or decrease its internal diameter and / or its external diameter.

[0090] It may also be provided, in the tooling 100, at least one device for actuating the expansion of the expandable annular element 104.

[0091] Fig. 4 illustrates a perspective view of a portion of the second annular element 102.

[0092] The second annular element 102 comprises two annular portions, respectively front 200i and rear 2002. The front and rear annular portions 200i, 2002 are arranged axially one after the other.

[0093] The front annular portion 200i includes an annular housing 206 which opens radially inwards. The annular housing is configured to receive the expandable element 104.

[0094] The annular housing 102 can be configured to further receive at least one panel 702. In this configuration, the expandable element is interposed radially between the second annular element 102 and the panel 702. For example, and without limitation, the panel is a support for a layer of abradable material 704.

[0095] The front annular portion 200i further includes lower retaining tabs 202i and upper retaining tabs 2022 of the panel 702 in the annular housing 206. The upper retaining tab 2022 being axially located above the lower retaining tab 202i.

[0096] In another embodiment (not shown), the axial width of the housing is adjustable so that it can be adapted to accommodate expandable elements and panels of different axial widths. In this configuration, the front portion of the second annular element may include a sliding mechanism that allows the lower retaining tab 202i to be moved axially towards the upper retaining tab 2022 in order to reduce or increase the axial width of the housing.

[0097] Still with reference to [Fig.4], the rear annular portion 2002 of the second annular element 102 has at least one axial end E204 opposite the front annular portion 200i and an annular rim 204, the axial end E204 being connected to the annular rim 204.

[0098] The annular rim 204 extends radially outwards and includes an annular face F204 oriented towards the side of the front annular portion 200 and adapted to bear against an annular part 600, preferably a housing, intended to receive the panel.

[0099] The annular rim 204 may further include fastening means on its annular face F204 suitable for attaching the tooling to the annular part 600. In the case where the annular part 600 is a housing, the annular rim rests against the housing 600 at level of one of the flanges 604b 6042 in order to secure the attachment of the tooling 100 on the housing 600, as illustrated in the [Fig.7] described later in the presentation.

[0100] The rear annular portion 2002 has an external diameter Dext which is greater than the diameter DL of a bottom of the housing 206 of the front annular portion and which is intended to be greater than or equal to an external diameter Dp of the panel 702, as illustrated for example in [Fig.6] described later in the exposition.

[0101] The rear annular portion 2002 may further include gripping means 208 located on its annular rim 204 as illustrated for example in [Fig.3].

[0102] Fig. 5A illustrates a portion of the first annular element 104 of the tooling 102 according to the invention.

[0103] The first annular element 104 comprises on a face intended to come into contact with the panel 702, at least one notch Ei04 suitable for receiving a measuring device 112 according to the invention.

[0104] The notch E104 of the first annular element 104 has a shape complementary to that of the measuring device 112 so that its contact face with the panel is aligned with that of the panel as illustrated in [Fig.5B].

[0105] Thus, when a measuring device 112 is positioned in the notch, the swelling of the expandable element makes it possible to simultaneously exert pressure on the panel and the measuring device at the level of the first contact surface Si. The pressure exerted in an area of ​​the panel having the same area as that of the first contact surface Si is equal to that exerted on the measuring device.

[0106] According to a variant shown in [Fig.5C] and representing a portion of the first annular element 104, the first annular element 104 may include an annular row of notches E104 distributed around the axis and suitable for receiving several measuring devices 112.

[0107] Fig. 5D illustrates, for example, an assembly in which a first annular element 104 comprises several measuring devices 112 arranged in a row of notches E104, the first annular element 104 being supported on a panel 702.

[0108] The shape of the notch is pre-formed in the first annular element 104, which allows for precise positioning of the measuring device 112 when the first annular element is inflated.

[0109] It is therefore possible to use the tooling over several cycles, the sensor being positioned easily and reproducibly.

[0110] The notch may have a rounded, rectangular, or trapezoidal shape. Preferably, the shape of the notch is rounded.

[0111] Preferably, the expandable element 104 is configured to exert pressure in radial direction included, for example, between 0.1 bar and 3 bars. For example, and of In a non-limiting manner, the first annular element 104 is an elastomer or silicone bladder.

[0112] Preferably, the second annular element is made of a rigid material. For example, and without limitation, the second annular element may be made of aluminum, steel, or a composite material. Preferably, the second annular element is made of a metallic material.

[0113] The invention also relates to a set of tools.

[0114] The assembly comprises the tooling 100 described above and at least one measuring device 112 according to the invention, the measuring device 112 being disposed in at least one notch Ei04 of the first annular element of the tooling.

[0115] With reference to [Fig.6], the assembly further comprises at least one panel 702. The panel 702 is disposed in the annular housing 206 of the front annular portion 2001. The expandable element 104 of the tooling is interposed radially between the second annular element 102 and the panel 702.

[0116] In this example, the first annular element 104 comprises at least two notches E104. The external diameter Dext of the rear portion 2002 is equal to the external diameter Dp of the panel 702.

[0117] In another variant shown in [Fig. 7], the assembly further comprises an annular piece for receiving the panel. The tooling fitted with the panel is inserted into the annular piece, preferably a housing, for receiving the panel 702.

[0118] The insertion of the tooling 100 equipped with the panel 702 into the annular part 600 is carried out in such a way that the axis Ao of the tooling 100 coincides with the axis of revolution A of the annular part 600.

[0119] The panel 702 is interposed between the expandable element 104 of the tooling 100 and the internal surface of the annular part 600. In the case where the annular part 600 is a housing, the rear annular portion 2002 and its annular rim 204 are supported respectively on the internal surface and one 604i of the flanges 604h 6042 of the housing 600.

[0120] The assembly may further include a reading device (not shown) for the signal relating to the physical parameter measured by at least one measuring device 112.

[0121] Preferably, the reading device is an RFID reader comprising at least one RFID antenna, preferably of the UHF RFID type.

[0122] The reading device may be in a single block and comprising an integrated antenna or in the form of an assembly comprising at least one antenna and at least one electronic circuit connected to the antenna.

[0123] The assembly may also include a data acquisition unit communicating with the reading device to receive the data read by the device reading 180 and related to the measured physical parameters.

[0124] The reading device 180 is preferably positioned at a distance of between 1 and 150 cm. In this way, the measuring device is able to send and receive at least one signal optimally.

[0125] The reading device 180 sends a request in the form of a signal, for example a radio signal, to a given device via its antenna (not shown). The request may relate to a measurement of the pressure exerted by the expandable element 104 on the panel 702 or to the temperature during the bonding of the panel 702 to the annular part 600. The measuring device 112 receives the signal relating to the request (for example, the pressure) and responds by transmitting a signal corresponding to the request (i.e., the pressure) to the reading device 180.

[0126] Thus a single reading device 180 can be used to control the bonding of the panel onto the annular part 600, for example a housing.

[0127] The invention also relates to a method of manufacturing an annular part 600 for an aircraft turbomachine, the annular part 600 comprising an annular shell 602 having an axis of revolution A and having at least one internal surface S6o2 intended to receive at least one panel 702. Preferably, the annular part is a housing.

[0128] As illustrated in [Fig.8], the manufacturing process involves at least one step of bonding 400 of the panel 702 to the internal surface S6o2 using the tooling 100 described above.

[0129] The gluing step 400 includes at least: a. the application of 500 of an adhesive on an external surface of the annular panel intended to be glued to the internal surface of the annular envelope and / or to said internal surface; b. the insertion (502) of at least one measuring device according to the invention in at least one notch of the first annular element of the tooling; c. the insertion (504) of the tooling equipped with the annular panel and at least one measuring device into the annular part; d. the expansion (506) of the expandable element; e. the compression bonding (508) of the annular panel onto the internal surface of the part's envelope; f. monitoring (510) at least one physical parameter during at least one of steps d) and e).

[0130] With reference to figures 9 to 10C, the insertion 504 of the tooling 100 equipped with at least one measuring device according to the invention and a panel in the annular part, for example a housing, will now be described in detail.

[0131] Insertion 504 of tooling 100 equipped with panel 700 includes at least the dis position 800 of the panel 702 in the annular housing 206 of the first portion 200i of the second annular element 102 with the expandable element 104 deflated, as illustrated in [Fig.1OA], to form the tooling equipped with the panel as illustrated in [Fig.1OB].

[0132] The glue is then deposited 802 at the predefined location on the internal surface S602 of the envelope 602 of the annular part 600 and / or on an external surface S702 of the panel 700 intended to be glued at the predefined location.

[0133] After the glue has been deposited, the assembly formed by the tooling 100 and the panel 702 is guided 804, as illustrated in [Fig.1OC], using the gripping means 208 of the tooling inside the part 600 so that the external surface S702 of the panel 702 is opposite the predefined location.

[0134] The expandable element is then inflated to fix 806 the panel 702 on the inner surface of the envelope 602 of the annular part 600.

[0135] The bonding 508 of the panel 702 after its attachment to the inner surface of the annular part 600 includes at least placing the assembly formed by the annular part 600 and the panel 702 in an autoclave to polymerize the adhesive. The polymerization temperature can vary between 80°C and 200°C for a duration of between 1 and 4 hours, depending on the type of adhesive used. For example, and without limitation, the adhesive can be epoxy, bismaleimide, or polyimide.

[0136] When monitoring (510) at least one physical parameter, the reading device is positioned at a distance between 1cm and 150cm from the opening.

[0137] Advantageously, a person skilled in the art will understand that the tooling of the present invention makes it easier to bond a panel to the inner surface of the casing of an annular part, preferably a housing: - by improving the positioning of the panel at the predefined location thanks to the housing and the retaining tabs of the front portion of the second annular element and the means of fixing the rear portion of the second annular element; - by improving the positioning of measuring devices; - by ensuring the panel remains under tension on the internal surface of the annular part using the expanding element; and - by improving control / access to key manufacturing (temperature, pressure, etc.) or bonding parameters through the correct positioning of measuring devices This helps to avoid or reduce manufacturing defects related to incorrect panel and / or measuring device positioning and / or degradation of the technical fabrics described above, but also to improve the control of physical parameters such as temperature and pressure exerted throughout the process manufacturing.

[0138] The invention further enables a single reading device comprising a single antenna to communicate with several measuring devices located within the assembly (formed at least by the tooling, the panel and the annular piece).

[0139] The use of the measuring device as described simplifies the assembly of the tooling, panel, and annular part for implementing the manufacturing or bonding process. Indeed, the measuring device of the invention is wireless and eliminates the need for wired measuring devices, which can complicate the implementation of the process (calibration, installation, routing, and interconnection time with a data acquisition system).

[0140] The use of the measuring device as described also allows, thanks to the elastic membrane, to improve the accuracy of the measurements by minimizing the disturbances of the measurements due to the location of the measuring device and the nature of the surrounding materials (panel and annular parts which may be conductive).

[0141] The invention also allows for a saving of time. Indeed, it is no longer necessary to prepare technical fabrics and apply them to the assembly formed by an annular part 600, for example a housing, and the panel 702. There is therefore the elimination of at least one step in the assembly of the annular part and consequently, a saving of time.

[0142] The invention also makes it possible to reduce the environmental footprint associated with the manufacture or assembly of annular parts such as housings. Indeed, the tooling can be used over several production cycles, and it is no longer necessary to use single-use fabrics. Waste production is therefore significantly reduced or eliminated.

Claims

Claims

1. Device (112) for measuring physical parameters, in particular for a tool for gluing a panel (702), the device (112) comprising: - an RFID tag (106) comprising at least: • an integrated circuit (302) comprising at least: • a memory for storing data relating to at least one measurement of at least one physical parameter, and • a processor capable of converting said stored measurement into a signal readable by a reading device (180); and • an antenna (300) connected to the integrated circuit and capable of communicating wirelessly with said at least one reading device (180) for the transmission of said signal;characterized in that the measuring device (112) further comprises: - at least one resistive sensor (108) comprising: • an active face (Sact) connected to the integrated circuit (302) of the RFID tag (106) by means of at least one electrical conductor (114), so as to transmit a parameter measurement to the integrated circuit (302); and • a support face (Sapp) opposite the active face (Sact) and capable of coming to bear on an element, such as said panel (702); and - an elastically deformable membrane (110) arranged between the sensor (108) and the RFID tag (106) and comprising a first contact surface (Si) capable of receiving the RFID tag and a second contact surface (S2) opposite the first surface (Si) and capable of coming to bear on the active face (Sæt) of the resistive sensor (108).;

2. Device (112) according to claim 1, in which the active face (Sact) comprises a zone integrating a resistance which varies between 0.1 to 100 kOhm(s) depending on the force applied to said active face (Sact).

3. Device (112) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: - the sensor (108) has an area defined by the area of ​​its bearing face (Sapp) or its active face (Sact); - the first contact surface (SJ of the membrane (110) has an area greater than the area of ​​the resistive sensor (108); and - the second contact surface (S2) of the membrane (110) has an area less than the area of ​​the resistive sensor (108).

4. Device (112) according to one of claims 1 to 3, in which the integrated circuit (302) comprises communication functions executed by the processor to communicate, by means of the antenna (300), data relating to the measurement of a physical parameter to a communication module integrating at least one communication function common with the RFID tag (106).

5. Device (112) according to the preceding claim, wherein the communication functions comprise at least one RFID communication protocol on a UHF band.

6. Device (112) according to one of claims 1 to 5, in which the integrated circuit (302) comprises a measuring means capable of measuring a value of the resistance of the resistive sensor (108).

7. Device (112) according to one of claims 1 to 6, in which the integrated circuit (302) comprises a measuring means capable of measuring an internal temperature of said circuit or said resistive sensor (108).

8. Device (112) according to one of claims 1 to 7, in which the data recorded by the memory comprise at least: - the identification of the resistive sensor (108); - the value of the internal temperature of the circuit and / or the temperature of the resistive sensor; - the value of the electrical resistance; - a set of programs whose execution by the processor authorizes the sending of an alert signal in the event of exceeding a predefined temperature threshold and / or a resistance value.

9. Device (112) according to one of claims 1 to 8, in which the resistive sensor (108) is flat.

10.

11.

12.

13. Device (112) according to one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the membrane (110) has a rounded or rectangular or trapezoidal shape. Device (112) according to one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the antenna (300) of the RFID tag (106) is configured to communicate on an EU UHF 860 / 930 Mhz band. Tool (100) for bonding at least one panel (702), the tool (100) having an annular shape around an axis (A) and comprising at least: - a first annular element (104) which extends around the axis and which is expandable so that its radial dimension or thickness can be modified; and - a second annular element (102) which extends around the axis (A) and which comprises two annular portions, respectively front and rear, arranged axially one after the other • the front annular portion (200i) comprising an annular housing (206) opening radially outwards and configured to receive at least the expandable element (104) and said at least one panel (702), the expandable element being intended to be interposed radially between said second annular element (102) and said at least one panel (702); • the rear annular portion (2002) being connected at its axial end opposite the front annular portion to an annular rim (204) which extends radially outwards and which comprises an annular face oriented towards the side of the front annular portion and capable of coming to bear on an annular part (600) intended to receive the panel (702); characterized in that: - the first annular element (104) comprises on a face intended to come into contact with said panel (702), at least one notch (E104) capable of receiving a measuring device (112) according to one of the preceding claims. Tooling (100) according to the preceding claim, in which the notch (E104) of the first annular element (104) has a shape complementary to that of the measuring device (112) so that its contact face with the panel (702) is aligned with that of said panel (702).

14. Tooling (100) according to claim 12 or 13, wherein the notch (E104) has a rounded or rectangular or trapezoidal shape.

15. Tool (100) according to one of claims 12 to 14, in which the first annular element (104) comprises an annular row of notches (E104) distributed around the axis (A) and capable of receiving several measuring devices (112).

16. Assembly comprising the tool (100) according to one of claims 12 to 15 and at least one measuring device (112) according to one of claims 1 to 11, said device (112) being arranged in the at least one notch (E104) of the first annular element (104) of the tool.

17. Assembly according to the preceding claim, further comprising a panel (702) disposed in the annular housing (206) of the front annular portion (200i).

18. Assembly according to claim 16 or 17, further comprising an annular part (600) intended to receive the panel (702), the tooling (100) equipped with the measuring device (112) and the panel (702) being inserted into the annular part (600) intended to receive the panel.

19. Assembly according to one of claims 16 to 18, further comprising a device (180) for reading the signal relating to the physical parameter measured by the measuring device (112).

20. A method of manufacturing an annular part (600), the part comprising an annular envelope (602) having an axis of revolution (A) and comprising at least one internal surface (S602) intended to receive at least one panel (702), the method comprising at least one step of gluing (400) the panel onto the internal surface (S602) by means of a tool (100) according to one of claims 12 to 15, the gluing step comprising at least: a. depositing (500) an adhesive on an external surface (S702) of the annular panel (702) intended to be glued onto the internal surface (S602) of the annular envelope (602) and / or onto said internal surface (S602); b. the insertion (502) of at least one measuring device (112) according to one of claims 1 to 11, in the at least one notch (Eio4) of the first annular element (104) of the tools (100); c. inserting (504) the tooling (100) equipped with the annular panel (702° and the at least one measuring device (112) into the part (600); d. the expansion (506) of the expandable element (104); e. gluing (508) by compression of the annular panel (702) on the internal surface (S6o2) of the envelope (602) of the part (600); f. monitoring (510) at least one physical parameter during at least one of steps d) and e).

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