Concrete paving
The concrete pavement design addresses stability and water retention issues by incorporating a specific tooth configuration and layered concrete structure, resulting in improved installation ease and enhanced water storage and evacuation capabilities.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- FR2024012120
- Authority / Receiving Office
- FR · FR
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2024-04-23
- Filing Date
- 2024-11-05
- Publication Date
- 2025-05-09
AI Technical Summary
Existing concrete pavements face challenges in achieving optimal stability and water retention, as they often require precise installation to avoid damage from stress and have limited capacity for surface water storage and evacuation.
A concrete pavement design featuring a group of two teeth in the central area of each frame, with a retractor tooth, an underlying solid concrete layer with small grains and capillary effect, a permeable concrete layer for water storage, and a facing concrete layer for the upper surface, allowing for efficient water penetration and storage.
This design enhances the stability of the pavement by allowing for easier installation and reduced risk of damage, while also significantly increasing the water storage capacity of the pavement, enabling effective surface water management during heavy rains.
Smart Images
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Abstract
Description
Title of the invention: Concrete paving stone
[0001] The invention relates to a concrete paving stone in the form of a parallelepiped paving stone with four side walls, an upper face and a lower face, the paving stone being provided on each side wall with vertical teeth designed to mesh with teeth of a neighboring concrete paving stone, tooth spacers to exactly respect the width of the joint, and at least one recess which is arranged on the lower face, which extends from one side wall to the opposite side wall and which is parallel to the other two side walls and at a distance from them.
[0002] The purpose of concrete paving stones is to be easy to lay and to provide a high degree of stability to a paved surface, so that it can be optimally traveled by pedestrians and vehicles and no damage occurs. Another objective is that the paved surfaces can optimally store surface water in order to then drain it into the subsoil.
[0003] It is known to use rectangular paving stones for paved surfaces, the straight side faces of which have teeth and interdental spaces placed in the lower part and which fit into each other during installation and give an assembly effect.
[0004] The paving stones are designed so that the teeth do not bear directly against the side faces of the neighboring paving stones. The distance between the tooth and the side surface must be one millimeter, so that after filling the joints with jointing sand, the paving stones are embedded in a soft bed. Large shear stresses are then gently absorbed by the joint filling, thus avoiding any damage to the paving stones.
[0005] This distance between the tooth and the side face is constantly recalled in the laying instructions of the paving manufacturers.
[0006] However, in practice, stones are still too often laid in direct contact, because laying with distance proves difficult.
[0007] Since the spacers start just below the top face of the pavers, pavers laid in direct contact may be damaged under heavy loads.
[0008] Utility model DE 202 01 877 U1 discloses an artificial paving stone intended for paving, having teeth whose dimension perpendicular to the corresponding lateral surface narrows upwards and at least one other tooth whose dimension perpendicular to the corresponding lateral surface does not change over its height. Both tooth patterns have the same tooth depth, which is visible in [Fig.l], and therefore come into contact with the side faces of the neighboring paving stone. In another variant, the artificial paving stone has, between adjacent teeth, a joint-retaining section at the base of the artificial paving stone, so that the teeth are located at a distance from the side surface of the neighboring paving stone. However, the joint-retaining section reduces the joint in this area, which is detrimental to good surface water drainage.
[0009] Document EP 1 036 882 B1 discloses an artificial paving stone intended for paving, which has spacers on its side faces intended to come into contact with a neighboring paving stone and which are designed so small that they ensure the ideal positioning of the paving stone with the joint distance prescribed during laying, but which are destroyed during compaction by vibration of the laid paving stone. This is a disadvantage insofar as the spacers can already be destroyed during unstacking, which takes place before laying the concrete paving stone, and it is therefore no longer possible to exactly respect the joint distance prescribed during laying.
[0010] Document EP 1 335 069 A2 indicates that, in the case of peripheral assembly sections, the joint holding section is only arranged between the two assembly sections closest to the corners of the paving stones. A paving system is made up of many different sized formats, which can be integrated together into a paving surface. If all formats have only two contact points with a seal holding section per side face, only a design with continuous teeth can be achieved. In the case of groups of teeth arranged at a distance from each other, this design does not apply, since in this case some paving stones are in direct contact with their assembly sections on the side wall of the neighboring paving stone and other paving stones are at a distance on the side surfaces.
[0011] However, the continuous toothing has the disadvantage of very significantly limiting the evacuation of surface water into the subsoil via the teeth.
[0012] In this application also it is described that the contact point between the assembly section and the protection section of the joint can be destroyed during vibration compaction.
[0013] The disadvantage here is therefore also that, as soon as the stacking occurs, during which large forces are exerted, the joint holding sections can be destroyed.
[0014] The applicant describes in document DE 10 2010 007 798 A1 a concrete paving stone in which, in the central area of each section of the outer frame, there is a group consisting successively of a wide tooth, a narrow tooth and a tooth spacer whose depth is significantly less than the depth of the teeth. The tooth spreader gradually narrows to zero from the root face towards the head face.
[0015] When laying concrete paving stones next to each other, a wider tooth each time comes into contact with the tooth spacer, so that the prescribed joint distance can be maintained.
[0016] In patent application DE 10 2021 000 131.1, the applicant describes another concrete paving stone which has per frame unit, in addition to two teeth, a wall spacing tooth with a depth greater than the depth of the teeth. The wall spacing tooth thus ensures that the joint gap is maintained.
[0017] Due to the design of the teeth, tooth spacers and spacer teeth, the free section of the joint in which surface water penetrates into the subsoil is increasingly reduced in all applications. Furthermore, in all applications, the teeth extend from the foot face of the paver to a height stopping below the head face of the paver, which considerably minimizes the volume of the joint and therefore also reduces water runoff.
[0018] The possibility of storing surface water by paving is limited to the open area of the joints and is therefore low.
[0019] Furthermore, it is known that concrete paving stones are uniformly manufactured from permeable concrete.
[0020] However, due to air pollution, the fine openings on the upper side of the paving stones become clogged with tiny particles, so that after a short time, water only flows out through the joints of the paving stones.
[0021] Concrete paving stones composed of three layers of concrete are also known.
[0022] Starting from the top, it is a facing concrete, then a permeable concrete in as a core and, underneath, a concrete with increased tensile strength. This concrete must also be permeable to water. Surface water then enters the subsoil through the joints between the concrete pavers.
[0023] Larger quantities of water can then only penetrate into the core concrete through the side faces of the paving stones, which, however, proves difficult. The lowest concrete layer must be permeable to water, but due to its good tensile strength, it can only allow a minimal amount of water to penetrate into the core concrete from below.
[0024] A large water retention function of concrete paving stones is therefore not ensured.
[0025] In case of heavy rain, surface water can no longer be completely absorbed by the basement. It is therefore all the more important that water can be stored in the paved surface and then drained into the basement.
[0026] The invention aims to develop a concrete paving stone that is easy to lay and provides optimum stability to a paved surface. The paving stones must not be damaged, even when the paved surface is subjected to very high stresses.
[0027] An important objective is that paved surfaces can optimally store surface water in order to then drain it into the subsoil.
[0028] These objectives are achieved with a concrete paving stone according to the preamble due to the fact that • a group of two teeth is located in the central zone of each frame section of the concrete paving stone, which group may include in its direct sequence a tooth spacer, • a recess is provided on the underside between the groups of two teeth and / or the groups of two teeth and a tooth spacer, so that the teeth and tooth spacers start from the underside and end variably below the upper side of the paving stone, a filling of small-grained, capillary-effect, solid concrete (kleinkômiger, fester Béton mit Kapillarwirkung) being provided between the recesses or between a recess and a side wall, which filling ends below the height of the recess, • that a water-permeable concrete filling is placed over it, which filling can store surface water, and • a layer of facing concrete is provided on top, which forms the upper face of the paving stone.
[0029] In this concrete paving stone, a layer of solid, fine-grained, capillary-like concrete is provided, starting from the underside, between the recesses or between the recess and a side wall, which preferably ends below the height of the recess. A layer of water-permeable concrete, capable of storing surface water, is arranged on top of this, and above this, a layer of facing concrete is provided, which forms the upper side of the paving stone. Thus, in the event of heavy rain, surface water, which must be directed to the subsoil through the joints and can no longer be absorbed by the subsoil, penetrates into the concrete paving stone through the recesses. The concrete paving stone is thus provided with a water storage capacity.
[0030] The solid concrete layer with small grains and capillary effect allows small amounts of water to rise into the normal permeable concrete and be stored there. If surface water rises above the height of the recess, it can also penetrate directly and unhindered into the permeable concrete to be temporarily stored until water flow into the subsoil or evaporation through the surface of the concrete paving is possible again.
[0031] It is clear that the concrete paving stones according to the invention make it possible to create as large a storage volume as possible in the paved surface. The evaporation of water from the surface of the concrete paving also provides a cooling effect.
[0032] According to the invention, it is provided that the teeth of the same group all have the same cross-section and that the tooth spacer has a depth substantially less than the depth of the teeth.
[0033] This promotes the penetration of rainwater into the joints.
[0034] An improvement of the invention consists in that the tooth spacer has a height less than the height of the teeth and in that its depth narrows from the lower face towards the upper face of the block (7) until it is reduced to zero.
[0035] This also promotes the penetration of rainwater into the joints.
[0036] It is advantageous if the cross-section of the teeth and tooth spacers is designed with circular arcs or with circular arcs and straight sections.
[0037] This increases the strength of the teeth and makes them easier to fit.
[0038] Furthermore, it is provided within the scope of the invention that the lengths and / or widths of the concrete paving stones can be made up of several frame sections.
[0039] It is possible to manufacture both square concrete paving stones and rectangular paving stones in accordance with the present invention.
[0040] Further, it is useful for the teeth and tooth spacers on one side of the block to be arranged rotationally symmetrically with respect to the teeth and tooth spacers on the opposite side of the block.
[0041] This makes it easier to lay the concrete paving stones evenly.
[0042] Examples of embodiments of the invention will now be explained in more detail with the aid of the figures which show: [Fig.l]: a concrete paving stone according to the invention seen in perspective, [Fig.2]: the concrete paving stone in [Fig.l] seen from above, [Fig.3]: four concrete paving stones from [Fig.2] placed next to each other and seen from above, [Fig.4]: section A - A of [Fig.3].
[0043] [Fig.l] shows a concrete paving stone according to the invention seen in perspective, and [Fig.2] shows the concrete paving stone of [Fig.l] seen from above.
[0044] The concrete paving stone is a parallelepiped paving stone • with vertical teeth on each side wall which mesh with the teeth of an adjacent concrete paver, • with a tooth spacer to respect the exact width of the joint and • with at least one recess which is arranged on the lower face, which extends from one side wall to the opposite side wall and which extends parallel to and at a distance from the other two side walls.
[0045] In [Fig.2] in association with [Fig.l], we see • that a group of two teeth (3) is located in the central zone of each frame section (2) of the concrete paving stone (1), which group may include in its direct sequence a tooth spacer (4), • that a recess (5) is provided on the underside (6) between the groups of two teeth (3) or the groups of two teeth (3) and a tooth spacer (4), so that the teeth (3) and the tooth spacers (4) can start from the underside (6) and end variably below the upper side of the block (7).
[0046] In [Fig.2], two recesses (5) are delimited by dotted lines.
[0047] [Fig.l] shows • that between the recesses (5) and between the recess (5) and a side wall (8), a filling of solid concrete with small grains and capillary effect (9) is provided which remains below the height (10) of the recess, • that a permeable concrete filling (11) is arranged above, which concrete can store surface water and • that a layer of facing concrete (12) is provided above, which facing concrete forms the upper face (7) of the paving stone.
[0048] It would also be possible to replace the solid concrete filling with small grains and capillary effect (9) with a normal concrete filling (Normalbeton).
[0049] In [Fig.2], it can be seen that the teeth (3) of a group each have the same cross-section and that the tooth spacer (4) has a depth significantly less than the depth of the teeth (3).
[0050] [Fig.l] shows that the tooth spacer (4) has a height less than the height of the teeth (3) and that its depth narrows from the lower face (6) towards the upper face of the block (7) until it is reduced to zero.
[0051] In [Fig.2], it can be seen that the teeth (3) and the tooth spacers (4) are designed with circular arcs or with circular arcs and straight sections.
[0052] The lengths and / or widths of concrete paving stones (1) may consist of several frame sections (2).
[0053] [Fig.2] also shows that the teeth (3) and tooth spacers (4) on one side of the block are arranged in rotational symmetry with respect to the teeth (3) and tooth spacers (4) on the opposite side of the block.
[0054] [Fig.3] shows a top view of four concrete paving stones (1) from [Fig.2] placed side by side.
[0055] It is clear that the teeth (3) of neighboring concrete paving stones (1) always fit into each other. The tooth spacers (4) always ensure that the prescribed joint gap is maintained.
[0056] There remains sufficient space in the joint between the groups of two teeth (3) or the groups of two teeth (3) and a tooth spacer (4) so that surface water can flow well into the subsoil.
[0057] The recesses (5) on the underside of the concrete paving stones (1) always open into an open joint area without teeth (3) or tooth spacers (4) and through which surface water can be easily guided into the subsoil.
[0058] [Fig.4] shows section AA of [Fig.3].
[0059] We see how the two concrete paving stones (1) are arranged side by side.
[0060] We see • that starting from the lower face (6), between the recesses (5) and between the recess (5) and a side wall (8), a filling of solid concrete with small grains and capillary effect (9) is provided which remains below the height (10) of the recess, • that a water-permeable concrete filling (11) is arranged above which can store surface water, and • that a layer of facing concrete (12) is provided on top, which forms the upper face of the paving stone (7).
[0061] However, it is possible that in the event of heavy rain, the surface water which must be directed towards the subsoil through the joints can no longer be absorbed by the subsoil.
[0062] In this case, the recesses (5) offer the possibility of storing water. If the surface water exceeds the height (10) of the recess (5), it can rise directly and unhindered into the permeable concrete (11) and thus be temporarily stored until a flow of water into the subsoil is again possible.
[0063] It is clear that the concrete paving stones (1) of the invention make it possible to create the largest possible storage volume in the paved surface.
[0064] Thanks to the filling of solid concrete with small grains and capillary effect, it is possible, when the subsoil is not too wet, for smaller quantities of water to rise through this layer into the permeable concrete (11) and be stored there.
[0065] It can be seen in [Fig.4], in the area of the joint between the two concrete paving stones (1), that the vertical tooth (3) only touches the tooth spacer (4) at the lower face (6). This is possible because the depth of the tooth spacer (4) tapers from the underside (6) towards the upper side of the paving stone (7) until it is reduced to zero.
[0066] Since the contact between the two concrete paving stones (1) is at the underside (6) where a solid, fine-grained, capillary-like concrete is provided, this ensures a safe and durable contact.
[0067] Due to the fact that the teeth (3) are located at a certain distance from the neighboring concrete paving stone (1) in the upper area, there is no risk of damaging the concrete paving stones (1).
[0068] Laying next to neighboring concrete pavers is simple and does not take much time.
[0069] It is clear that the concrete paving stones (1) of the invention allow paved surfaces to be easily laid without any damage during laying or subsequent use.
[0070] The concrete paving stones according to the invention are laid according to the state of the art.
Claims
1. Claims Concrete paving stone (1) in the shape of a parallelepiped paving stone with four side walls (8) a lower face (6) and an upper face (7), the paving stone being provided • vertical teeth (3) on each side wall (8), designed to mesh with teeth (3) of a neighboring concrete paving stone, • tooth spacers (4) to respect the exact width of the joint, and • at least one recess (5) which is arranged on the lower face (6), which extends from one side wall (8) to the opposite side wall and which is parallel to the other two side walls and at a distance from them, the lengths and / or widths of the concrete paving stones consist of at least one frame section, characterized • in that a group of two teeth (3) is located in the central zone of each frame section (2) of the concrete paving stone (1), the group being able to comprise in its direct sequence a tooth spacer (4), • in that a recess (5) is arranged on the underside (6) between the groups of two teeth (3) and / or the groups of two teeth (4) and a tooth spacer (4), so that the teeth (3) and the tooth spacers (4) start from the underside (6) and end variably below the upper side (7) of the paving stone, a filling of solid, fine-grained, capillary-acting concrete (9) being provided between the recesses (5) or between a recess (5) and a side wall (8), which filling ends below the height (10) of the recess, • in that a water-permeable concrete filling (11) is arranged thereon, which filling can store surface water, and • in that a facing concrete layer (12) is provided on top, which forms the upper face (7) of the paving stone.
2. Concrete paving stone according to claim 1, characterized in that the teeth (3) of a group all have the same cross-section, and the tooth spacer (4) has a depth substantially less than the depth of the teeth (3).
3. Concrete paving stone according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the tooth spacer (4) has a height less than the height of the teeth (3), and in that its depth narrows from the lower face (6) towards the upper face of the paving stone (7) until it is reduced to zero.
4. Concrete paving stone according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the teeth (3) and the tooth spacers (4) are designed with circular arcs or with circular arcs and straight sections.
5. Concrete paving stone according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the lengths and / or widths of concrete paving stones (1) consist of several frame sections (2).
6. Concrete paving stone according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the teeth (3) and the tooth spacers (4) on one side of the paving stone are arranged in rotational symmetry with respect to the teeth (3) and the tooth spacers (4) on the opposite side of the paving stone.