SELF-REPAIRING MULTI-JUNCTION PHOTOVOLTAIC ASSEMBLY AND METHOD FOR SELF-REPAIRING SUCH AN ASSEMBLY

Abstract

Photovoltaic assemblies configured to allow the use of first perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks of a photovoltaic panel as an electrical generator on the sunlight side of a photovoltaic panel while second perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks on the shadow side of the solar panel undergo a self-repair process during the day. Photovoltaic device comprising a photovoltaic panel (P) provided with such photovoltaic assemblies and further comprising an electrical connection device (7) adapted to connect electrodes of perovskite absorber stacks on the sunlight side to produce a multi-junction photovoltaic generator, said connection device (7) being adapted to connect the electrodes of stacks of the shadow side solar panel to a regeneration module.

Description

Title of the invention: SELF-REPAIRING MULTI-JUNCTION PHOTOVOLTAIC ASSEMBLY AND METHOD FOR SELF-REPAIRING SUCH AN ASSEMBLY Technical field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of photovoltaic renewable energies and relates to a device with self-repairing multi-junction photovoltaic cells and a method for self-repairing such a device making it possible to produce a new multi-junction solar generation unit architecture. In the case of multi-junction photovoltaic cells based on thin layers, in particular layers based on perovskite materials, these layers can exhibit reversible degradation and therefore can allow self-repair of these layers and therefore of the cells. Prior art

[0002] Silicon photovoltaic cells degrade slowly but irreversibly and their average production lifetime is around 40 years (considering a degradation of 0.5% per year and an end of life at 80% of the nominal power). The new perovskite cell technologies, which will be used in perovskite / silicon multi-junction modules to limit thermalization loss and thus increase efficiency, undergo, according to current studies, a more significant degradation which varies according to the technologies studied (for example, around 0.05% to 0.5% per day). However, part of this degradation, linked among other things to the electronic and ionic nature of the charges in perovskite materials, is reversible, which makes it possible to envisage self-repair of the perovskite layers of multi-junction cells.

[0003] The reversible degradation of perovskite layers is notably linked to the movement of ions in the structure of these layers. Unlike the reference case of Silicon, transient phenomena are observed in real conditions, for example on day-night cycles and these phenomena can be taken advantage of to reduce degradation and regain optimal cell performance. To date, self-repair, in the case of reversible degradation, is limited to recovery during night periods, this recovery being similar to a rest of the cell. Technical problem

[0004] Self-repair, which is limited to the duration of night periods and which is notably not controlled by algorithm, may not take into account all of the self-repair needs created by the use of the cells, is not optimized and does not does not allow in particular to search for and provide an optimum of regeneration necessary to return to the initial point of performance of the cells at each cycle / day. Statement of the invention

[0005] In view of this situation, the objective of the present disclosure is, on the one hand, to propose cells making it possible to optimize their self-repair and to produce photovoltaic modules provided with such cells and, on the other hand, to provide methods and algorithms for controlling such photovoltaic modules to control and maximize the self-repair of said cells. To do this, the present invention is based on photovoltaic assemblies configured to allow the use of first photovoltaic stacks as an electrical generator while a second photovoltaic stack undergoes a self-repair process during the day.

[0006] More specifically, the present disclosure proposes a photovoltaic assembly comprising from a first face of the assembly to a second face of the assembly: - a first electrode for connecting a first transparent electrical contact layer to at least a first selective charge extraction layer of a first photovoltaic stack, - the first photovoltaic stack, - a second electrode for connecting a second transparent electrical contact layer to at least one second selective charge extraction layer of said first photovoltaic stack, - a first transparent insulating layer, - a third electrode for connecting a first transparent electrical contact layer to at least a second selective charge extraction layer of a second photovoltaic stack, - the second photovoltaic stack, - a fourth electrode for connecting a second transparent electrical contact layer on at least a first selective charge extraction layer of said second photovoltaic stack, - a second transparent insulating layer, - a fifth electrode for connecting a first transparent electrical contact layer to at least a first selective charge extraction layer of a third photovoltaic stack, - the third photovoltaic stack, - a sixth electrode for connecting a second transparent electrical contact layer to at least a second selective charge extraction layer of said third photovoltaic stack, - a seventh electrode for connecting a first transparent electrical contact layer to at least a first selective charge extraction layer of a fourth photovoltaic stack, - said fourth photovoltaic stack, - an eighth electrode for connecting a second transparent electrical contact layer on at least one second selective charge extraction layer of said fourth photovoltaic stack, said fourth photovoltaic stack being arranged between the second photovoltaic stack and the third photovoltaic stack, said fourth photovoltaic stack being a stack with an absorber of a material with a band gap lower than that of the third stack, in particular silicon absorber, other perovskite, thin-film absorber or other material, said electrodes of said fourth stack being independent of the electrodes of the first, second and third stacks and for which: - the first photovoltaic stack and the third photovoltaic stack are photovoltaic stacks with perovskite absorber, - the second photovoltaic stack is a photovoltaic stack with an absorber of a material with a band gap lower than that of the first stack, in particular a silicon absorber, another perovskite, a thin-film absorber or other material, - the fourth photovoltaic stack is a photovoltaic stack with an absorber of a material with a band gap lower than that of the third stack, in particular a silicon absorber, another perovskite, a thin-film absorber or other material, - said connection electrodes of said transparent electrical contact layers are independent of each other.

[0007] The first and third photovoltaic stacks of the assembly may each comprise: - one or more first layers of protection and passivation of said absorbers between said first layers of selective extraction of electric charges and said perovskite absorber, - said perovskite type absorber, - one or more second layers for protection and passivation of said absorbers between said one or more second layers for selective extraction of electric charges and said perovskite type absorber.

[0008] The present disclosure further provides a photovoltaic device comprising a panel provided with photovoltaic assemblies 1s as described above and further comprising an electrical connection device configured to: - connecting the first electrode and the third electrode, connecting the second electrode and the fourth electrode of said assemblies and forming first parallel bi-junction photovoltaic cells by means of the first and second assemblies on a first side of the panel, - connecting the fifth electrode and the seventh electrode, connecting the sixth electrode and the eighth electrode and forming second parallel bi-junction photovoltaic cells by means of the third and fourth assemblies on a second side of the panel.

[0009] The device may be such that the first face of the panel being arranged on the sunlight side and the second face of the panel on the shadow side, said first photovoltaic cells form a first current / voltage generator, and said second photovoltaic cells are in a self-repair mode and such that the device being turned over with the second face on the sunlight side and the first face on the shadow side, said second photovoltaic cells form a second voltage / current generator and said first photovoltaic cells are in a self-repair mode.

[0010] The present disclosure further provides a photovoltaic system comprising at least: - a photovoltaic device as described above, - a frame equipped with means for turning the panel, - a converter module with MPPT regulation and - a module for regenerating said perovskite absorbers, for which the converter module comprises means for monitoring an irradiance perceived by the panel and means for monitoring weather data, means for monitoring the degradation of the absorbers of the perovskite type for example and means for controlling said turning means configured to turn said panel in the event of degradation greater than a defined threshold of those of said first or third photovoltaic stacks with perovskite absorbers positioned on the sunlight side to position them on the shadow side and position the others of said first and third photovoltaic stacks with perovskite absorbers on the sunlight side, the connection device being configured to disconnect those of said first and third photovoltaic stacks positioned on the shadow side from the converter module and to connect it with the regeneration module.

[0011] The system may be such that the regeneration module comprises at least one of - a device for short-circuiting the electrodes of a photovoltaic stack with a perovskite absorber connected to it, - a device for opening the electrodes of said photo-stack voltaic with perovskite absorber connected to it, - a device generating voltage pulses towards the perovskite absorber photovoltaic stack connected to it, and include means for measuring current / voltage in the dark of said perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks connected to it.

[0012] The present disclosure also provides a method comprising a sequence of: - one or more measurements of the perceived irradiance and temperature at said at least one panel, and measurements of weather data; - day or night situation detection; - if night is detected: - one or more recordings and analyses of the regeneration of the first and third perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks, estimation of the time required for maximum regeneration of said stacks and implementation of regeneration processes of said first and third perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks of said panel (160); - if day is detected: - one or more sequences comprising regeneration of the shadow-side perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks (120), estimation of the expected performance of the sunlight-side perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks, measurement of the degradation of the sunlight-side perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks relative to said expected performance and estimation of the regeneration rate of the shadow-side perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks of said panel relative to said expected performance to detect a regeneration rate giving a higher performance of the shadow-side absorber photovoltaic stacks than a performance of the sunlight-side perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks after degradation and detection such that, - if the regeneration of the photovoltaic stacks with perovskite absorbers on the shadow side corresponds to a performance superior to a performance of the photovoltaic stacks with perovskite absorbers on the sunlight side after degradation, a reversal of said panel by controlling said reversal means; - if the regeneration of the perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks on the shadow side remains lower than the performance of the degraded perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks on the sunlight side, maintaining the panel in its position.

[0013] The method may be such that the estimation of the regeneration rate of the stacks perovskite absorber photovoltaic panels on the shadow side of said panel include current / voltage measurements in the shadow / in the dark.

[0014] The regeneration steps may comprise at least one operation among: - one or more applications of voltage pulses at the terminals of the photovoltaic stacks with perovskite absorber, - one or more short-circuits of said perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks and, - one or more open circuits of said photovoltaic stacks with perovskite absorber

[0015] Said sequence can be repeated during the operation of said panels.

[0016] The photovoltaic system advantageously comprises a processor associated with a program memory containing a program provided with instructions for implementing the above method.

[0017] The present disclosure further provides a non-transitory, computer-readable recording medium on which said program is recorded. Brief description of the drawings

[0018] Other characteristics, details and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the detailed description below of non-limiting exemplary embodiments, and on analyzing the appended drawings, in which:

[0019] [Fig-1] shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a photo assembly voltaic;

[0020] [Fig.2A], [Fig.2B] show a schematic view of the implementation of the assembly of [Fig.l];

[0021] [Fig.3] shows an example of a flowchart of a photovoltaic panel control method;

[0022] [Fig.4] shows a schematic view of the implementation of a panel provided with night assembly. Description of embodiments

[0023] The following drawings and description contain elements which may not only serve to better understand the present invention, but also contribute to its definition, where appropriate.

[0024] Reference is now made to [Fig.l] which represents a photovoltaic assembly of the present disclosure which comprises from a first face 1 of the assembly to a second face 2 of the assembly: - a first electrode cl which is connected to a first transparent electrical contact layer 32a, for example a contact grid or a conductive layer, in order to connect at least one first transparent layer charge extraction 33a from a first photovoltaic stack 3, - the first photovoltaic stack 3, - a second electrode c2 which is connected to a second transparent electrical contact layer 32b, for example a contact grid or a conductive layer, in order to connect at least a second transparent charge extraction layer 33b of said first photovoltaic stack 3, - a first transparent insulating layer 61, - a third electrode c3 connected to a first transparent electrical contact layer 52a in order to connect at least one first transparent charge extraction layer 53a of a second photovoltaic stack, - the second photovoltaic stack 5, - a fourth electrode c4 connected to a second transparent electrical contact layer 52b in order to connect at least one second transparent charge extraction layer 53b of said second photovoltaic stack 5, - a second transparent insulating layer 62, - a fifth electrode c5 which is connected to a first transparent electrical contact layer 42a in order to connect at least one first transparent charge extraction layer 43a of a third photovoltaic stack 4, - the third photovoltaic stack 4, - a sixth electrode c6 which is connected to a second transparent electrical contact layer 42b in order to connect at least one second transparent charge extraction layer 43b of said third photovoltaic stack, for which: - the first photovoltaic stack 3 and the third photovoltaic stack 4 are photovoltaic stacks with perovskite absorber 31, 41, - the second photovoltaic stack 5 is a photovoltaic stack with silicon absorber 51, - said electrodes c1, c2, c3, c4, c5, c6 for connecting said extraction layers 33a, 33b, 43a, 43b, 53a, 53b through said conductive layers 32a, 32b, 42a, 42b, 52a, 52b are independent of each other, - the assembly comprising a fourth photovoltaic stack 6 with silicon absorber between the second photovoltaic stack with silicon absorber 51' and the third photovoltaic stack 4 with perovskite absorber 41. This fourth photovoltaic stack 6 comprising its own electrodes c3' and c4'.

[0025] In this configuration, two multi-junction cells, the assemblies forming cells 3 and 5 and the assemblies forming cells 4 and 6, are back to back and are used alternately by turning over the panel comprising them. These two assemblies are separated by an electrically insulating layer 55 which may or may not be a transparent layer.

[0026] The first photovoltaic stack and the third photovoltaic stack each comprise one or more first protection and passivation layers 34a, 44a, 33b, 44b of said absorbers between said selective extraction layers 33a, 43a, 33b, 43b of electric charges on each side of said perovskite absorber 31, 41.

[0027] The selective charge extraction layers may in particular be layers known by the abbreviations ETL or HTL (according to the English term “electron transport layer” or “hole transport layer”).

[0028] The electrically insulating and optically transparent layers 61, 62 are for example layers known in the field according to the acronym EVA.

[0029] The assemblies shown are constituent elements of photovoltaic panels P shown diagrammatically in Figures 2A in a first position and in [Fig.2B] in the reversed position relative to the first position as seen above. According to these figures, two series of assemblies are shown to simplify the drawing but the panel may comprise a large number of them according to an x, y matrix. The assemblies are chosen according to the desired voltage and current at the output of the device as a function of the downstream electrical system. In the context of the present disclosure, the electrodes of the first stacks 3, 3' ... are connected in parallel, the electrodes of the second stacks 5, 5' ... are connected in parallel, the electrodes of the third stacks 4, 4', ... are connected in parallel and the electrodes of the stacks 6, 6', ... are connected in parallel.

[0030] For this configuration, the perovskite absorber stacks located on the light side 10 and the silicon absorber stacks below them receive light and can operate as generators while the silicon absorber stacks and the perovskite absorber stacks located below the panel receive practically no light, the perovskite absorber stacks below the panel being able to be put into regeneration configuration even during the day.

[0031] To do this, a connection device 7 is configured to allow the electrodes of the perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks under the panel to be disconnected from the upper electrodes which are connected in parallel. This allows the electrodes of the perovskite absorber stacks under the panel to be connected to a regeneration module 9 while the electrodes of the light-side perovskite absorber stacks 10 and the first silicon absorber stacks are connected to an MPPT converter module 8, MPPT being the acronym for “Maximum power point tracking” in English.

[0032] The electrical connection device may comprise two contact-carrying plates adapted to rotate relative to each other as in a rotary connector or may be an electronic device with electronic switches, for example based on IGBT (insulated-gate bipolar transistor in French) or MOSFET (metal-oxide-gate field-effect transistor in French) type transistors configured to distribute the electrodes between the MPPT converter module 8 and the regeneration module 9 and controlled by the position of the panel.

[0033] The assemblies of the panel are such that a first multi-junction cell based on the first stack 3 with perovskite absorber 31 and the first stack 5 with silicon absorber 51 and a second multi-junction cell made with the second stack 4 with perovskite absorber 41 and the second stack 6 with silicon absorber 51' are made. According to [Fig.2A] it is the electrodes of the second photovoltaic stacks 4, 4' which are located under the panel in the shadow 11 of the panel when the face 1a of the panel is on the light side and the face 2a of the panel is on the shadow side. The electrodes of these second stacks 4, 4' with perovskite absorbers are then connected through the electrical connection device 7 to the regeneration module while according to the diagram shown, the electrodes of the second stacks 6, 6' are left disconnected.In this case, the first stacks 3, 3' with light-side perovskite absorbers 11 and the stacks 5, 5' with silicon absorbers are connected together and connected to the MPPT converter module 8 through the electrical connection device 7.

[0034] When the panel is turned over according to [Fig.2B], the first stacks 3, 3' with perovskite absorbers are found under the shadow side panel 11 and are then connected to the regeneration module 9 while the first stacks with silicon absorbers 5, 5' are disconnected. On the sunlight side 10 the second stacks with perovskite absorbers and the second silicon stacks 6, 6' are connected in parallel and connected to the MPPT converter module 8.

[0035] This system therefore makes it possible to carry out self-repair or regeneration sequences of the perovskite absorber stacks which are located under the panel during the day while the panel supplies electricity by means of the multi-junction cells formed by the perovskite absorber stacks and silicon on the light side on the upper face.

[0036] To enable the operation of the panels P, P' as explained above, these the latter are integrated into a photovoltaic system comprising said panels mounted in frames equipped with means 12 for turning the panels, the electrical connection devices 7 associated with the panels, preferably one per panel or one per group of assemblies according to a distribution by row or by column of assemblies on the panel, one or more converter modules 8 with MPPT regulation and one or more modules 9 for regenerating said perovskite absorbers.

[0037] The one or more converter modules are connected to the panel outputs in a conventional manner. These converter modules preferably comprise means for monitoring the irradiance perceived by the panel and means for monitoring weather data.

[0038] According to the present disclosure, the converter modules or monitoring modules associated therewith are provided with means for monitoring the degradation of the perovskite absorbers 31, 41 and means for controlling said turning means 12 configured to turn the panels associated therewith in the event of degradation greater than a defined threshold of those of said photovoltaic stacks 3, 4 with perovskite absorber of the panel positioned on the sunlight side 10 to position them on the shadow side and position on the sunlight side the photovoltaic stacks with perovskite absorber 4, 3 of the panel previously on the shadow side.

[0039] In parallel, during the reversals, the connection device 7 of the panels is configured to disconnect those of said first and third photovoltaic stacks positioned on the shadow side of the converter module 8 and to connect them with the regeneration modules 9 associated with the reversed panels.

[0040] For the regeneration of the perovskite absorbers linked to the movement of ions and their distribution, the regeneration modules comprise at least one of a device 91 for short-circuiting the electrodes of a photovoltaic stack with a perovskite absorber which is connected to it, a device 92 for open-circuiting the electrodes of said photovoltaic stack with a perovskite absorber which is connected to it, a device 93 generating voltage pulses towards the photovoltaic stack with a perovskite absorber which is connected to it.

[0041] To measure the degradation and regeneration of the stacks, the regeneration module 9 comprises means 94 for measuring the current / voltage of said photovoltaic stacks with perovskite absorber in the dark.

[0042] These devices are used depending on the degradation of said stacks to carry out a repositioning of the ions according to determined sequences comprising for example regeneration modes comprising in particular a short-circuiting of the stacks, an open-circuiting of the stacks, a generation of voltage pulses at the terminals of the stacks, the system being configured to autonomously evaluate whether the treatment is effective or to switch to another mode.

[0043] It should be noted that during the day the stacks located under the panels are regenerated while at night the stacks with perovskite absorbers on both sides of the panel are regenerated. To do this, the connector device can, as shown in [Fig. 4], where the connections of the assemblies 5 and 6 are not shown for simplicity, comprise two groups of additional switches 71, 72 controlled by the converter module and the day / night detection means, for example from the weather monitoring means, these groups of additional switches 71, 72 making it possible to connect all the stacks with perovskite absorbers to the regeneration device 9 and to disconnect them from the converter module 8. Still according to [Fig. 4], the switch device 7, the converter module 8 and the regeneration module are grouped together in a solar panel supervision or management device 20.

[0044] A method for controlling a photovoltaic system as described in [Fig.3] may in particular comprise a sequence of:

[0045] one or more measurements of perceived irradiance and temperature at said at least one panel, and measurements of weather data;

[0046] a detection 110 of the day or night situation;

[0047] if night is detected: - one or more recordings and analyses of the regeneration of the first and third perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks, estimation of the time required for maximum regeneration of said stacks and implementation of regeneration processes of said perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks of said panel 160;

[0048] if day is detected: - one or more sequences comprising the regeneration of the shadow-side perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks 120, the estimation of the expected performance of the sunlight-side perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks, the measurement of the degradation of the sunlight-side perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks with respect to said expected performance and the estimation of the regeneration rate of the shadow-side perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks of said panel with respect to said expected performance to detect a regeneration rate giving a higher performance of the shadow-side absorber photovoltaic stacks than a performance of the sunlight-side perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks after degradation 130 and a detection 140 such that: - if the regeneration of photovoltaic stacks with perovskite absorbers on the shadow side corresponds to a performance superior to that of photovoltaic stacks with perovskite absorbers on the sunlight side after degradation, a reversal 150 of said panel by control of said reversal means 12; - if the regeneration of the perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks on the shadow side remains lower than the performance of the degraded perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks on the sunlight side, maintaining the panel in its position.

[0049] The estimation of the regeneration rate of the photovoltaic stacks with perovskite absorber on the shadow side of said panel includes current / voltage measurements in the shadow.

[0050] The regeneration steps comprise at least one operation among: a. one or more applications of voltage pulses across the perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks, b. one or more short-circuits of said perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks and, c. one or more open circuits of said perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks.

[0051] Said sequence is notably repeated during the operation of said panels and the life of the system.

[0052] The invention is not limited to the examples described above, only by way of example, but it encompasses all the variants that may be envisaged by those skilled in the art within the framework of the protection sought. In particular, the converter module, connector device and regeneration module may be separate elements or grouped in a controller device in part or in whole and the method may be integrated into a method for managing a park of photovoltaic panels or groups of panels.

Claims

1. Claims Photovoltaic assembly comprising from a first face (1) of the assembly to a second face (2) of the assembly: - a first electrode (cl) for connecting a first transparent electrical contact layer (32a) to at least one first selective charge extraction layer (33a) of a first photovoltaic stack (3), - the first photovoltaic stack (3), - a second electrode (c2) for connecting a second transparent electrical contact layer (32b) to at least one second selective charge extraction layer (33b) of said first photovoltaic stack, - a first transparent insulating layer (61), - a third electrode (c3) for connecting a first transparent electrical contact layer (52a) to at least a second selective charge extraction layer (53a) of a second photovoltaic stack (5), - the second photovoltaic stack (5), - a fourth electrode (c4) for connecting a second transparent layer (52b) of electrical contact to at least a first selective charge extraction layer (53b) of said second photovoltaic stack, - a second transparent insulating layer (62), - a fifth electrode (c5) for connecting a first transparent electrical contact layer (42a) to at least one first selective charge extraction layer (43a) of a third photovoltaic stack (4), - the third photovoltaic stack (4), - a sixth electrode (c6) for connecting a second transparent layer (42b) of electrical contact to at least one second selective charge extraction layer (43b) of said third photovoltaic stack, - a seventh electrode (c3') for connecting a first transparent layer (52'a) of electrical contact to at least a first selective charge extraction layer (53'a) of a fourth photovoltaic stack, - said fourth photovoltaic stack (6),

2. - an eighth electrode (c4') for connecting a second transparent layer (52'b) of electrical contact to at least a second selective charge extraction layer (53'b) of said fourth photovoltaic stack (6), said fourth photovoltaic stack (6) being arranged between the second photovoltaic stack (5) and the third photovoltaic stack, said fourth photovoltaic stack being a stack with an absorber of a material with a band gap lower than that of the third stack, in particular silicon absorber, other perovskite, thin-film absorber or other material, said electrodes of said fourth stack being independent of the electrodes of the first, second and third stacks, and for which: - the first photovoltaic stack (3) and the third photovoltaic stack (4) are photovoltaic stacks with perovskite absorber (31, 41), - the second photovoltaic stack is a photovoltaic stack with an absorber (51) of a material with a band gap lower than that of the first stack, in particular a silicon absorber, another perovskite, a thin-film absorber or other material, - the fourth photovoltaic stack is a photovoltaic stack with an absorber (51) of a material with a band gap lower than that of the third stack, in particular a silicon absorber, another perovskite, a thin-film absorber or other material, - said electrodes (cl, c2, c3, c4, c5, c6, c3', c4') for connecting said transparent electrical contact layers (32a, 32b, 42a, 42b, 52a, 52b, 52'a, 52'b) are independent of each other. Photovoltaic assembly according to claim 1 for which the first and third photovoltaic stack each comprises: - one or more first protective and passivation layers (34a, 44a) of said absorbers between said first selective charge extraction layers (33a, 43a) electrical and said perovskite absorber, said perovskite absorber (31, 41), one or more second protection and passivation layers (34b, 44b) of said absorbers between said one or more second selective extraction layers (43a, 43b) of electric charges and said perovskite absorber.

3. Photovoltaic device comprising a panel (P') provided with photovoltaic assemblies according to claim 1 or 2 and further comprising an electrical connection device configured to: - connect the first electrode (c1) and the third electrode (c3), connect the second electrode (c2) and the fourth electrode (c4) of said assemblies and form first parallel bi-junction photovoltaic cells by means of the first and second assemblies (3, 5) on a first side (la) of the panel (P'), - connect the fifth electrode (c5) and the seventh electrode (c3'), connect the sixth electrode (c6) and the eighth electrode (c4') and form second parallel bi-junction photovoltaic cells by means of the third and fourth assemblies (4, 5') on a second side (2a) of the panel (P').

4. Photovoltaic device according to claim 3 such that the first face (1a) of the panel (P') is arranged on the sunlight side and the second face (2a) of the panel (P') on the shadow side, said first photovoltaic cells form a first current / voltage generator, and said second photovoltaic cells are in a self-repair mode and such that the device is turned over with the second face on the sunlight side and the first face on the shadow side, said second photovoltaic cells form a second voltage / current generator and said first photovoltaic cells are in a self-repair mode.

5. Photovoltaic system comprising at least: - a photovoltaic device according to claim 3 or 4, - a frame provided with means (12) for turning the panel (P), - a converter module (8) with MPPT regulation and - a module (9) for regenerating said perovskite absorbers, for which the converter module (8) comprises means for monitoring an irradiance perceived by the panel and means for monitoring weather data, means for monitoring the degradation of the absorbers of the perovskite type for example (31, 41) and means for controlling said turning means (12) configured to turn said panel in the event of degradation greater than a defined threshold of those of said first or third photovoltaic stacks (3, 4) with perovskite absorber positioned on the sunlight side (10) to position them on the shadow side and position the others of said first and third photovoltaic stacks with perovskite absorber (4, 3) on the sunlight side, the connection device (7) being configured to disconnect those of said first and third photovoltaic stacks positioned on the shadow side from the converter module (8) and to connect it with the regeneration module (9).

6. Photovoltaic system according to claim 5 for which the regeneration module (9) comprises at least one of: - a device (91) for short-circuiting the electrodes of a photovoltaic stack with a perovskite absorber connected to it, - a device (92) for opening the electrodes of said photovoltaic stack with perovskite absorber which is connected to it, - a device (93) generating voltage pulses towards the perovskite absorber photovoltaic stack connected to it, - and comprises means (94) for measuring current / voltage in the dark of said photovoltaic stacks with perovskite absorber which are connected to it.

7. Method for controlling a photovoltaic system according to claim 6 comprising a sequence of: - one or more measurements of the perceived irradiance and temperature at said at least one panel, and measurements of the weather data; a detection (110) of the day or night situation; a. if night is detected: i. one or more recordings and analyses of the regeneration of the first and third perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks, estimation of the time required for maximum regeneration of said stacks and implementation of regeneration processes of said first and third perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks of said panel (160); b. if day is detected: i. one or more sequences comprising regenerating the shadow-side perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks (120), estimating the expected performance of the sunlight-side perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks, measuring the degradation of the sunlight-side perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks relative to said expected performance and estimating the regeneration rate of the shadow-side perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks of said panel relative to said expected performance to detect a regeneration rate giving a higher performance of the shadow-side absorber photovoltaic stacks than a performance of the sunlight-side perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks after degradation (130) and detecting (140) such that, ii. whether the regeneration of shadow-side perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks corresponds to a performance superior to that of photo stacks voltaic panels with perovskite absorber on the solar light side after degradation, a turning over (150) of said panel by controlling said turning over means (12); iii. if the regeneration of the shadow-side perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks remains lower than the performance of the degraded sunlight-side perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks, maintaining the panel in its position.

8. Method for controlling panels according to claim 7 for which the estimation of the regeneration rate of the photovoltaic stacks with perovskite absorber on the shadow side of said panel comprises current / voltage measurements in the shadow / in the dark.

9. A method of controlling panels according to claim 7 or 8, for which the regeneration steps comprise at least one operation among: a. one or more applications of voltage pulses to the terminals of the photovoltaic stacks with perovskite absorbers, b. one or more short-circuitings of said photovoltaic stacks with perovskite absorbers and, c. one or more openings of said photovoltaic stacks with perovskite absorbers

10. A method of controlling panels according to claim 7, 8 or 9 wherein said sequence is repeated during operation of said panels.

11. A photovoltaic system according to claim 5 or 6 comprising a processor associated with a program memory containing a program provided with instructions for implementing the method of any one of claims 7 to 10.

12. A non-transitory, computer-readable recording medium having the program of claim 11 recorded thereon.

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