Non-destructive method for raising the height of a building

Abstract

A method for the non-destructive raising of a building (1) comprising a load-bearing structure (10) on which a non-structural roof (11) is placed, and comprising the steps of placing at least two support devices (2) on the load-bearing structure (10) so as to span the roof (11); then attaching at least one facade wall (3) to the support devices (2), at the level of the load-bearing structure (10) so as to extend the load-bearing structure vertically; then placing a horizontal floor on said support devices (2), so as to isolate the roof (11); and erecting the raising (5) of said building (1) on said floor. Abstract figure: Figure 4

Description

Title of the invention: Non-destructive method for raising the height of a building technical field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of construction. In particular, the invention relates to the field of non-destructive building extensions, and especially to a method of extending a building with a load-bearing ring beam on which a non-structural roof is placed. The invention is particularly applicable in cities where land prices are high, for example, a Haussmannian building in the city of Paris.

[0002] A Haussmannian building classically comprises a load-bearing core with several floors, served by a stairwell, which are generally divided into apartments. The Haussmannian building has a pitched roof under which attics are located, which have generally been converted into residential apartments.

[0003] Currently, adding floors to a Haussmannian building presents numerous drawbacks. First, in order to add extra floors, it is necessary to acquire the apartments in the attic, which are generally demolished to vertically extend the load-bearing wall. Such a method of adding floors causes considerable inconvenience for the residents of the demolished apartments, who then have to be rehoused. Second, the demolition of the attic and the existing roof generates a great deal of noise and dust and requires the installation of a protective scaffolding during the work, to the great inconvenience of the residents of the lower floors, who must also endure frequent passage of workers in the stairwell, resulting in nuisance and damage.Thirdly, the destruction of the existing framework, attics and roof, as well as any mansard roofs, can harm the heritage value of the building and the city and worry architects and institutions in charge of heritage preservation. Fourthly, these destructions and / or reconstructions mean the waste of constituent materials which, rather than being used to continue contributing to the thermal and acoustic comfort of the building, will become waste to be treated and transported, thus increasing the carbon footprint of the building and the construction site, which is in total contradiction with the environmental issues which are nevertheless increasingly taken into account when granting a building permit by urban planning authorities, which for this reason favour strategies of reuse, repurposing and rehabilitation (optimization of resources, etc.). savings in materials and energy, reduction of waste to be treated and transport to the waste disposal center, etc.). Fifthly, such a method of raising the building after demolition is long and expensive, which discourages building managers and / or condominium associations from undertaking such projects.

[0004] The invention thus aims to eliminate at least some of these drawbacks. PRESENTATION OF THE INVENTION

[0005] The invention relates to a method of non-destructive raising of a building comprising a load-bearing structure on which a non-structural roof is placed and comprising the steps of placing at least two support devices on the load-bearing structure so as to span the roof; fixing at least one facade wall to the support devices, at the level of the load-bearing structure so as to extend the load-bearing structure vertically; placing a horizontal floor on said support devices, so as to isolate the roof; and mounting the raising of said building on said floor.

[0006] The support devices span the roof and serve as a base for mounting the facade wall, the horizontal floor, and the entire extension. Thus, these support devices allow the extension to be erected without destroying the building's roof or the existing structure below (mansard roof or other), destruction that would be necessary if the extension were built directly on the pre-existing load-bearing structure. On the contrary, the support devices allow the building's load-bearing structure to be extended above the roof, thereby enabling a non-destructive extension, preserving the architectural heritage of the building and the city, reducing noise and visual pollution, and shortening the duration of the extension work.

[0007] Advantageously, each support device is sealed onto and directly above the supporting structure.

[0008] The sealing at the right of the load-bearing structure of the support devices allows the extension of said load-bearing structure above the roof, and up to the desired level of elevation, while making it possible to avoid the destruction of said roof and / or the existing building below (mansard or other).

[0009] Advantageously, each support device has an inverted U shape with a first post, a beam and a second post, the first post and the second post being opposite each other and being placed each on the load-bearing structure so that each support device spans the roof.

[0010] Even more advantageously, the support devices are connected to each other at least by an edge beam.

[0011] The edge beam(s) allow the support devices to be connected together and therefore to stiffen the support base they form, which serves as a support for the rest of the extension, namely at least the facade wall, the horizontal floor and the assembly of the extension on the floor.

[0012] Advantageously, each support device is made of wood or metal.

[0013] Advantageously, the facade wall is transparent.

[0014] Such a transparent facade wall allows any inhabitants living in the attic space under the roof to maintain visibility to the outside through their existing windows and / or skylights. Indeed, the transparent facade wall allows light to pass through while also providing the inhabitants with a view of the outside. A ventilation system can be added between the transparent facade wall and the roof.

[0015] According to an alternative, the facade wall is opaque and at least one opening is provided in said facade wall.

[0016] An opening is made in the facade wall so as to leave the existing windows and / or skylights unobstructed, allowing the inhabitants living in the attic space under the roof to continue to have a view of the outside through their existing windows and / or skylights. Indeed, the opening allows both the passage of light and a view to the outside. A ventilation system can also be added between the opaque facade wall and the roof.

[0017] Advantageously, a sound insulation layer is associated with the floor between said support devices and the floor or between said floor and the building extension.

[0018] According to one aspect, the floor comprises a base including a steel tray or wooden joists, on which is placed a panel which may be made of wood and then a floor covering.

[0019] The sound insulation layer can, for example, be interposed between this panel and the floor covering.

[0020] This sound insulation layer prevents the transmission of noise between the future residents of the new addition and the residents of the existing apartments in the building. Furthermore, during the construction work, the sound insulation layer prevents, or at least limits, the transmission of noise from the construction work to the existing apartments in the building.

[0021] Advantageously still, a layer of thermal insulation is associated with the floor between said support devices and the floor or between said floor and the building extension.

[0022] The thermal insulation layer can, for example, be placed under the base, either under the steel tray, or between the floor joists.

[0023] This layer of thermal insulation helps to minimize energy consumption in apartments located in the attic, but also in all apartments in the building.

[0024] Advantageously, the building extension is mounted on the floor, at the level of the facade wall.

[0025] The raising thus allows the extension of the building to the right of the facade wall.

[0026] Alternatively, the building extension is mounted on the floor, offset from the facade wall, so as to leave a portion of the floor free.

[0027] The remaining portion of floor space can, for example, form a continuous balcony along the extension. This balcony is then delimited by the portion of floor space between the facade wall and the extension. A railing can then be added to the floor, aligned with the facade wall.

[0028] Advantageously, at least one elevator is mounted along the load-bearing structure of the building, said elevator being mounted on at least one of the support devices so as to allow the conveyance of materials to the roof.

[0029] This construction elevator is mounted along the front wall of the building, for example, from the ground on which the building rests to the roof. Mounting such an elevator outside the building reduces noise pollution caused by the presence of construction workers and the transport of materials, and also reduces the obstruction of the building's internal elevator, which is usually used by the building's residents, as well as the passage of workers through the stairwell.

[0030] The invention further relates to a building comprising a structure including a load-bearing structure on which a non-structural roof is placed, and an extension mounted on said building following the non-destructive extension method as previously described. PRESENTATION OF THE FIGURES

[0031] The invention will be better understood upon reading the following description, given by way of example, and referring to the following figures, given by way of non-limiting examples, in which identical references are given to similar objects.

[0032] The [Fig. 1] is a schematic perspective representation of a building comprising a load-bearing structure on which a non-structural roof is placed, situated between two also pre-existing buildings;

[0033] Figure [Fig. 2] is a schematic perspective representation of the building in Figure [Fig. 1], on which three support devices have been placed on the pre-load-bearing structure. existing in such a way as to span the roof;

[0034] Fig. 3 is a view similar to Fig. 2 but from a different angle;

[0035] Fig. 4 is a view similar to Fig. 3, to which the wall of facade, fixed between the support devices, at the level of the pre-existing load-bearing structure so as to vertically extend said pre-existing load-bearing structure;

[0036] Fig. 5 is a view similar to Fig. 4, to which the horizontal floor on the support devices has been added, placed orthogonally to the facade wall; and Fig. 6 is a view similar to Fig. 5, to which the elevation has been added, which has been mounted on the horizontal floor.

[0038] It should be noted that the figures set out the invention in detail to implement the invention, said figures being of course able to serve to better define the invention where appropriate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0039] The invention relates to a non-destructive method of raising the height of a building 1, shown in [Fig.1].

[0040] Building 1 comprises a pre-existing load-bearing structure 10 on which a roof 11 is placed. The roof 11 is non-structural. In this example, the load-bearing structure 10 has four walls, including a front wall 10A visible in the figures, connected to each other and facing each other in pairs. Two of these walls are party walls with two pre-existing neighboring buildings 6. The load-bearing structure 10 forms a vertical ring. It is understood that it could have a different shape and a different number of walls. By "load-bearing structure," it is understood that the structure is capable of transmitting principal mechanical forces to the ground.

[0041] In particular, the roof 11 is sloped and shelters attics and / or apartments converted into attics. Preferably, the roof 11 is not load-bearing.

[0042] The building 1 is presented in an orthogonal coordinate system (X, Y, Z), in which the X axis extends orthogonally to the front wall 10A of the load-bearing structure 10, from back to front, the Y axis extends horizontally and parallel to the front wall 10A of the load-bearing structure 10 from left to right, and the Z axis extends vertically, and parallel to the front wall 10A of the load-bearing structure 10 from bottom to top.

[0043] The method for raising the height of building 1 comprises a plurality of steps. These different steps are represented and detailed in Figures 2 to 6.

[0044] With reference to Figures 2 and 3, the first step consists of placing at least two support devices 2 on the pre-existing load-bearing structure 10, so as to span the roof 11. In particular, three support devices 2 are placed on the load-bearing structure 10. Such support devices 2 allow the main mechanical forces to be transferred while protecting the roof 11 which is not capable of doing so.

[0045] In this example, each support device 2 is attached to the supporting structure 10, preferably sealed onto and directly above the supporting structure 10.

[0046] In particular, each support device 2 has an inverted U-shape, comprising a first post 21, a beam 22, and a second post 23. The first post 21 and the second post 23 extend along the Z-axis, from bottom to top, opposite each other, and are each placed and then sealed onto the load-bearing structure 10 such that each support device 2 spans the roof 11. The beam 22 extends along the Y-axis, between the first post 21 and the second post 23. In other words, the first post 21 extends directly above the load-bearing structure 10 of the building 1, specifically above the front wall 10A; the beam 22 is connected to the first post 21 and extends orthogonally to the first post 21; the second post 23 is connected to the beam 22 and extends orthogonally to the beam. 22, opposite the first post 21 and directly opposite the rear wall of the load-bearing structure 10 of building 1, opposite the front wall 10A.

[0047] The first post 21, the beam 22, and the second post 23 are each in the form of a hollow or solid longitudinal body. They are welded or fixed to one another. The first post 21 extends over the height of the roof 10, along the Z-axis; the beam 22 extends over the depth of the roof 10, along the X-axis; and the second post 23 extends over the height of the roof 10, along the Z-axis. The support devices are distributed over the width of the roof 10, that is, along the Y-axis.

[0048] It should be noted that the dimensions of the first post 21, the beam 22 and the second post 23 are a function of the number of support devices 2 distributed on the roof as well as the length (along the X axis) of the beam 22.

[0049] The support devices 2 can be made of wood or metal.

[0050] According to an embodiment not shown, the support devices 2 are connected between them by at least one edge beam, advantageously a plurality of edge beams.

[0051] The edge beams can for example extend between the first beams 21 of the support devices 2, and / or between the second beams 22 of the support devices 2, and / or between the third beams 23 of the support devices 2.

[0052] The edge beams can be made of wood or metal.

[0053] With reference to [Fig. 4], the second step consists of attaching a facade wall 3 to the support devices 2. In particular, the facade wall 3 is attached to the existing load-bearing structure 10, so as to extend it vertically. Such a facade wall 3 isolates the roof from dust or other elements that might be generated during the raising of the roof. In one aspect, the facade wall 3 is also configured to resist principal forces transmitted via the support devices 2. In one aspect, the facade wall 3 can also perform a bracing function, particularly when the facade wall 3 is made of wood. Alternatively, the bracing function can be provided by the means of St. Andrew's cross.

[0054] Vertically means extending the facade wall 3 along its height, along the Z axis, above the roof 11, between the two pre-existing buildings 6.

[0055] In particular, the facade wall 3 is fixed to the first post 21 of the support device(s) 2.

[0056] The front wall 3 is placed on the front wall 10A, or the rear wall of the load-bearing structure.

[0057] In the case where edge beams connect the support devices 2 together, the facade wall 3 is also placed against the edge beams.

[0058] According to a first embodiment, the facade wall 3 is transparent. Such a transparent facade wall 3 allows any inhabitants living in the attic under the roof 11 to continue to have visibility to the outside through their existing windows and / or skylights. Indeed, the transparent facade wall 3 allows light to pass through on the one hand and provides a view for the inhabitants on the other.

[0059] The facade wall 3 can for example be made of glazing, in particular double glazing, commonly called a "curtain wall".

[0060] A ventilation system may also be added between the transparent facade wall and the roof.

[0061] According to a second embodiment, the facade wall 3 is opaque. In this case, and if the pre-existing attic space already has one or more windows and / or skylights, at least one opening is provided in the facade wall 3. This is done so as to leave the pre-existing windows and / or skylights unobstructed, allowing any occupants living in the attic space under the roof 11 to continue to have visibility to the outside through their pre-existing windows and / or skylights. Indeed, the opening allows both the passage of light and a view to the outside.

[0062] The facade wall 3 can, for example, be made of wood, notably consisting of cladding on a frame, a rainscreen, a wood panel, studs, for example 124 mm thick, arranged, for example, every 60 cm, insulation between each stud, and an interior wood panel. Advantageously, this facade wall 3 is prefabricated.

[0063] A ventilation system may also be added between the opaque facade wall and the roof.

[0064] According to an unrepresented variant, the second step consists of attaching a plurality of facade walls 3 to the support devices 2, placed side by side. Each facade wall 3 is attached to the load-bearing structure 10, so as to extend it vertically, along its height, along the Z-axis, above the roof 11, between the two pre-existing buildings 6. The plurality of side-by-side facade walls 3 extend across the width of the building 1, along the Y-axis.

[0065] This second step is to be repeated as many times as there are free walls of building 1, that is to say, walls not shared with another building. Here, it is to be repeated for the rear wall, that is to say, the wall opposite the front wall 10A.

[0066] With reference to [Fig. 5], the third step consists of placing a horizontal floor 4 on the support devices 2, so as to insulate the roof 11. The floor 4 thus forms a horizontal support base capable of transmitting the main mechanical forces. This advantageously allows additional floors to be erected in a traditional manner, similar to new construction.

[0067] According to one aspect, the facade walls 3 and the floor 4 together form a box which makes it possible to increase the thermal insulation of the roof 11 and any habitable attics.

[0068] In particular, the floor 4 is placed on the beam 22 of the support devices 2.

[0069] Advantageously, floor 4 is a so-called "dry" floor, that is to say, without a concrete layer. In particular, floor 4 comprises a base consisting of a steel tray or wooden joists, on which is placed a panel which may be made of wood and then a floor covering.

[0070] According to a first embodiment of the invention, a sound insulation layer is associated with the floor 4, between the support devices 2 and the floor 4, in particular between the beam 22 and the floor 4, or between the floor 4 and the extension of the building 1.

[0071] The sound insulation layer can, for example, be interposed between the panel and the floor covering of floor 4. This sound insulation layer can, for example, be a panel known by the trade name Fermacell or other similar panel.

[0072] This sound insulation layer prevents the transmission of noise between the future residents of the new addition and the residents of the existing apartments in the building. Furthermore, during the construction work, the sound insulation layer prevents, or at least limits, the transmission of construction noise to the existing apartments in the building.

[0073] According to a second embodiment of the invention, a thermal insulation layer is associated with the floor 4, between the support devices 2 and the floor 4, in particular between the beam 22 and the floor 4, or between the floor 4 and the extension of the building 1.

[0074] The thermal insulation layer can be placed under the base, either under the steel deck or between the floor joists. This thermal insulation layer can, for example, be made of glass wool.

[0075] Advantageously, a false ceiling is arranged under the thermal insulation layer.

[0076] This thermal insulation layer helps to minimize energy consumption energy from the apartments converted into attics, but also from all the apartments in the building.

[0077] According to a third embodiment of the invention, a sound insulation layer and a thermal insulation layer are associated with the floor 4. The sound and thermal layers may be either one between the support devices 2 and the floor 4, in particular between the beam 22 and the floor 4 and the other between the floor 4 and the extension of the building 1, or both juxtaposed to each other between the support devices 2 and the floor 4 or between the floor 4 and the extension of the building 1.

[0078] The arrangement of both the sound insulation layer and the thermal insulation layer makes it possible to prevent both the propagation of noise and to prevent, or at least reduce, heat dissipation.

[0079] It should be noted that the third step can be carried out before or after the second step. Indeed, the installation of the horizontal floor 4 on the support devices 2 can take place before the fixing of the facade wall 3 to said support devices 2.

[0080] With reference to [Fig.6], the fourth step consists of mounting the extension 5 of building 1 onto floor 4.

[0081] In particular, the extension 5 is mounted on the floor 4, at the level of the facade wall 3, so as to vertically extend the building 1.

[0082] According to an embodiment not shown, the extension 5 of building 1 can also be mounted on the floor 4 and offset from the facade wall 3, so as to leave a portion of floor 4 free. The portion of floor 4 left free can, for example, form a continuous balcony along the extension 5. A railing can then be added to the floor 4, at the level of the facade wall 3.

[0083] The steps described above, with the exception of the assembly of the support devices 2, are to be repeated as many times as there are desired additional floors.

[0084] In order to allow the installation of a temporary and external construction elevator (not shown in the figures) on the support devices 2 of the load-bearing structure 10, a scaffold is erected along the front wall 10A for example, from the ground on which the building 1 rests, up to the roof 11.

[0085] Once the elevator is installed, the scaffolding can, if necessary, be dismantled in whole or in part to, for example, be replaced by partial scaffolding supported by a pre-existing balcony of building 1. The elevator allows the transport of the workers on the building extension site and the building extension materials to the roof 11.

[0086] Alternatively, the scaffolding and the construction lift can be mounted along the rear wall, opposite the front wall 10A of the load-bearing structure 10 of the building 1, from the ground on which the building 1 rests, up to the roof 11.

[0087] Installing such an elevator outside building 1 makes it possible to reduce the noise pollution on the one hand due to the presence of workers on the extension site and the transport of materials, and allows to reduce the congestion of the pre-existing interior elevator of building 1 usually used by the inhabitants of said building 1 as well as the passage of workers in the stairwell.

[0088] Such a method of raising the height makes it possible to reduce the nuisances caused by the raising construction site for the inhabitants of building 1, but also to respect the architectural heritage of the building and the city, since the building does not undergo any destruction, but only the addition of a height 5.

[0089] Furthermore, since no demolition of the building is necessary, the construction time is reduced compared to a project known from the prior art, namely a rooftop extension project involving the demolition of the existing top floor and / or the existing roof, provided they are not load-bearing. Eliminating this demolition step allows the residents of building 1 to be less disrupted by the construction. Moreover, this results in a clear economic saving and a reduction in noise and visual disturbance, as well as a reduction in environmental pollution.

[0090] Finally, since the raising method is carried out via the roof 11, no free ground area is required. In particular, apart from the temporary scaffolding and / or elevator erected along the front wall 10A and / or the rear wall, no ground area is used to carry out the steps of raising the building 1. Once the support devices 2 are mounted and sealed onto the load-bearing structure 10, with the entire raising resting on them, the scaffolding can be dismantled in whole or in part, and only the construction elevator used to lift the materials can remain in place.

[0091] The invention also relates to a building comprising a building 1 and an extension 5 mounted on the building 1. In particular, the building 1 includes the load-bearing structure 10 on which the non-structural roof 11 is placed, and the extension 5 is mounted on and below the roof 11 of the building 1, according to the steps of the non-destructive extension method described above.

Claims

Demands

1. A non-destructive method for raising the height of a building (1) comprising a load-bearing structure (10) on which a non-structural roof (11) is placed and comprising steps consisting of: • placing at least two support devices (2) on the load-bearing structure (10) so as to span the roof (11); • fixing at least one facade wall (3) to the support devices (2), at the level of the load-bearing structure (10) so as to extend the load-bearing structure (10) vertically; • placing a horizontal floor (4) on said support devices (2), so as to isolate the roof (11); and • erecting the raising (5) of said building (1) on said floor (4).

2. A method of raising according to claim 1, wherein each support device (2) is sealed onto and directly above the supporting structure (10).

3. A method of raising according to any one of claims 1 and / or 2, wherein each support device (2) has an inverted U shape with a first post (21), a beam (22) and a second post (23), the first post (21) and the second post (23) being opposite each other and each being placed on the load-bearing structure (10) so that each support device (2) spans the roof (11).

4. A method of raising according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the support devices (2) are connected to each other at least by an edge beam.

5. Elevating method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein each support device (2) is made of wood or metal.

6. Method of raising according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the facade wall (3) is transparent.

7. A method of raising according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the facade wall (3) is opaque and at least one opening is provided in said facade wall (3).

8. A method of raising according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein a sound insulation layer is associated with the floor (4), • between said support devices (2) and the floor (4) or between said floor (4) and the building extension (1).

9. A method of raising according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein a layer of thermal insulation is associated with the floor (4), • between said support devices (2) and the floor (4) or between said floor (4) and the raising of the building (1).

10. Method of raising according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the raising of the building (1) is mounted on the floor (4), at the level of the facade wall (3).

11. Method of raising according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the raising of the building (1) is mounted on the floor (4), offset from the facade wall (3), so as to leave a portion of floor (4) free.

12. A method of raising according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein at least one elevator is mounted along the load-bearing structure (10) of the building (1), said elevator being mounted on at least one of the support devices (2) so as to allow the transport of materials and people to the roof (11).

13. Building comprising a building (1) including a load-bearing structure (10) on which is placed a non-structural roof (11), and an extension (5) mounted on said building (1) following the non-destructive extension method according to any one of claims 1 to 12.

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