USE OF REVERSIBLE MULTIPLE GLAZING AND MULTIPLE GLAZING FOR USE

Abstract

The invention relates to a glazed assembly (100) comprising a single frame (110) and a multiple glazing unit (1) as well as the use of a multiple glazing unit (1), said multiple glazing unit (1) comprising a glass substrate (10) coated on one face (11) with a stack of thin layers (14), at least one other glass substrate (30), and a peripheral structure (90), said glazing unit (1) being used reversibly in two different states relative to the single frame (110), a so-called "cold" state, and a so-called "hot" state, a- said glazing unit (1) having a light transmission (TL) of between 50.0% and 64.9%, said substrate (10) having a stack-side energy absorption (AEE) of at least 25.0%, or b- said glazing unit (1) having a light transmission (TL) of between 65.0% and 80.0%, said substrate (10) having a side energy absorption (AEE) of at least 25.0%, or stacking (AEE) of at least 20.0%. Abstract figure: Figure 2

Description

Title of the invention: USE OF REVERSIBLE MULTIPLE GLAZING AND MULTIPLE GLAZING FOR USE

[0001] The invention relates to a particular use of a glazing which incorporates a transparent glass substrate coated with a functional stack capable of acting on solar radiation and infrared radiation in order to provide thermal insulation and solar protection glazing. The invention also relates to a glazing for this use. In the remainder of the description, the term "functional" qualifying "functional stack" or "functional layer" means "capable of acting on solar radiation and infrared radiation".

[0002] These glazings can be intended to equip both buildings and vehicles, with a view to both, with the same glazing: - to reduce air conditioning effort and / or prevent excessive overheating, by producing a so-called “solar control” effect and - to reduce the amount of energy dissipated towards the outside while maximizing the entry of solar energy, producing a so-called “low emissive” effect.

[0003] The selectivity "S" makes it possible to evaluate the performance of these glazings. It corresponds to the ratio of the light transmission TLvis in the visible of the glazing to the solar factor FS of the glazing (S = TLvis / FS). The solar factor "FS or g" corresponds to the ratio in % between the total energy entering the room through the glazing and the incident solar energy. The solar factor therefore measures the contribution of a glazing to heating the "room". The smaller the solar factor, the lower the solar gains; the larger the solar factor, the higher the solar gains.

[0004] Known selective glazings comprise transparent substrates coated with a functional stack comprising several metallic functional layers, each arranged between two modules of dielectric or "antireflection" layers. Such glazings make it possible to improve solar protection while maintaining high light transmission. These functional coatings are generally obtained by a succession of deposits carried out by cathodic sputtering, possibly assisted by a magnetic field.

[0005] The invention is particularly concerned with materials coated with a functional stack comprising several silver-based functional layers which must undergo a high-temperature heat treatment such as annealing, bending and / or quenching.

[0006] It is known for example from international patent application No. WO 2007 / 101963 to provide for the deposition of a stack on a substrate approximately 2 mm thick of a stack of thin layers with an intermediate dielectric module, located between two metallic functional layers, consisting of the following four layers, starting from the layer closest to the substrate: - a first layer based on zinc oxide, - a first layer based on silicon nitride, - a layer based on zinc and tin oxide, - a final layer based on zinc oxide.

[0007] Stacks of the type described in this document are satisfactory in that they make it possible to achieve good selectivity, in particular after heat treatment of bending and / or quenching.

[0008] The inventors have discovered that it would be very practical to be able to have glazing incorporating a functional coating making it possible to obtain a large difference in solar factor between a hot state (low solar factor) and a cold state (high solar factor) for the same glazing, thanks to the inversion of this glazing with respect to the incident direction of the solar light, for example by a 180° rotation along a vertical or horizontal axis of this glazing or of a window containing this glazing.

[0009] It has also appeared that such a functional coating, deposited on a substrate, must both have low emissivity and have high energy absorption across the entire solar spectrum (ultraviolet + visible + infrared) and this energy absorption must be high both on the side where the functional coating is present and on the other side of the substrate supporting the functional coating.

[0010] Indeed, the inventors have discovered that these three elements make it possible to obtain a significant difference in solar factor depending on the positioning of the substrate coated with the functional coating in multiple glazing.

[0011] The invention is based on the discovery of a particular configuration which makes it possible to save energy while improving the comfort of the inhabitants, without resorting to installations which are either complex and expensive, or inefficient and / or unattractive.

[0012] An aim of the invention is thus to succeed in developing a new type of glazing, a substrate of which comprises a stack of thin layers with one or more functional layer(s), this glazing having both: - a particular level of energy absorption, and - a low-emissive function in order to re-emit the absorbed part, this re-emission being done either essentially towards the outside of the building (hot state), or essentially towards the inside of the building (cold state).

[0013] The inventors have in particular discovered that placing an absorbent layer in the correct position relative to one or more bas- emissive(s), or using a colored substrate as a support for a stack with one or more low-emissive functional layer(s), could optimize the solar factor contrast between the hot state and the cold state.

[0014] The invention thus has as its object, in its broadest sense, the use of multiple glazing, said multiple glazing comprising: - a glass substrate coated on one side with a stack of thin layers, said coated substrate having an energy absorption on the stack side AEE, calculated according to standard EN 410 (by the formula: AEE = 1 - Energy transmission - Energy reflection on the stack side) on said coated side and an energy absorption on the opposite side AES, calculated according to standard EN 410 (by the formula: AES = 1 - Energy transmission - Energy reflection on the side opposite the stack) on a side opposite said coated side, - at least one other substrate, glass, and - a peripheral structure, the substrates being held together by said peripheral structure and said glazing providing a separation between an exterior space and an interior space with at least one interposed gas layer located between the two substrates, said glazing having a light transmission, measured according to standard EN 410, - said stack of thin layers being on one face oriented towards said intercalated gas layer, in which said glazing is used reversibly in two different states compared to a single frame, with: - in a so-called “cold” state, said substrate in contact with said interior space, and - in a so-called “hot” state, said substrate in contact with said external space, and in that a- said glazing having a light transmission of between 50.0% and 64.9%, or even between 57.0% and 62.9%, said substrate having an energy absorption on the stack side of at least 25.0%, or even at least 27.0%, and a ratio of said energy absorption on the stack side to said energy absorption on the opposite side of at least 0.70, or even at least 0.72, or b- said glazing having a light transmission of between 65.0% and 80.0%, or even between 67.0% and 72.9%, said substrate having an energy absorption on the stack side of at least 20.0%, or even at least 22.0%, and a ratio of said energy absorption on the stack side to said energy absorption on the opposite side of at least 0.75, or even at least 0.80.

[0015] Each of the two states, hot and cold, is a stable state in which the environment of the glazing is airtight and watertight. The transition from one state to the other is a temporary unstable state during which the environment of the glazing may not be airtight. to air and water.

[0016] The transition from one state to another can be done by simple rotation or complex rotation, possibly supplemented by a translation.

[0017] Preferably, said coated substrate has a TL / TE ratio > 1.0, preferably > 1.2 for a thickness of 4 mm or 6 mm.

[0018] Said substrate preferably has a ratio of the stack energy reflection, measured according to the EN 410 standard on said coated face, to the substrate energy reflection, measured according to the EN 410 standard on the face opposite said coated face, which is equal to or greater than 0.9.

[0019] Said glazing is, preferably, double glazing which has a solar factor called "cold solar factor" in the so-called "cold" state, a solar factor called "hot solar factor" in the so-called "hot" state, the cold solar factor being greater than the hot solar factor with a difference between the cold solar factor and the hot solar factor: a- of at least 15, or even at least 17, when said glazing has a light transmission of between 50.0% and 64.9%, or even between 57.0% and 62.9%, or b- at least 12, or even at least 14, when said glazing has a light transmission of between 65.0% and 80.0%, or even between 67.0% and 72.9%.

[0020] Said glazing is, preferably, double glazing which has in the so-called “cold” state: a solar factor called “cold solar factor” and a selectivity called “cold selectivity”; in the so-called “hot” state: a solar factor called “hot solar factor” and a selectivity called “hot selectivity”; with : a- a cold selectivity <1.15 or even <1.10 and a hot selectivity >1.40 or even >1.50, when said glazing has a light transmission of between 50.0% and 64.9%, or even between 57.0% and 62.9%, or b- a cold selectivity < 1.25 or even < 1.20 and a hot selectivity > 1.45 or even > 1.55, when said glazing has a light transmission of between 65.0% and 80.0%, or even between 67.0% and 72.9%.

[0021] Said stack may comprise one or more metal functional layers and may comprise a single metal functional layer or two metal functional layers, or three metal functional layers, or four metal functional layers; the metal functional layers in question here are preferably continuous layers.

[0022] A metallic functional layer preferably comprises, predominantly, at least 50% in atomic percentage, at least one of the metals chosen from the list: Ag, Au, Cu, Pt; one, several, or each, metallic functional layer is preferably silver.

[0023] By “metal layer” in the sense of the present invention, it is understood that the layer does not contain oxygen or nitrogen.

[0024] As usual, by "dielectric layer" in the sense of the present invention, it is to be understood that from the point of view of its nature, the layer is "non-metallic", that is to say that it comprises oxygen or nitrogen, or even both. In the context of the invention, this term means that the material of this layer has an n / k ratio over the entire visible wavelength range (from 380 nm to 780 nm) equal to or greater than 5.

[0025] It is recalled that n designates the real refractive index of the material at a given wavelength and the coefficient k represents the imaginary part of the refractive index at a given wavelength, or absorption coefficient; the ratio n / k being calculated at a given wavelength identical for n and for k.

[0026] For the purposes of the invention, “in contact” means that no layer is interposed between the two layers considered.

[0027] By "based on" is meant in the sense of the invention that for the composition of this layer, the reactive elements oxygen, or nitrogen, or both if they are both present, are not considered and the non-reactive element (for example silicon or zinc) which is indicated as constituting the base, is present at more than 85 atomic % of the total of the non-reactive elements in the layer. This expression thus includes what is commonly called in the art considered "doping", whereas the doping element, or each doping element, can be present in an amount of up to 10 atomic %, but without the total dopant exceeding 15 atomic % of the non-reactive elements.

[0028] In this document, the terminals are included in the indicated ranges.

[0029] In a particular variant, a last anti-reflective module, located above the last functional layer, and preferably only this anti-reflective module of the stack, comprises an absorbent layer in order to obtain the lowest possible solar factor in the hot state and the highest possible solar factor in the cold state.

[0030] In a particular variant, a first anti-reflective module located under said first functional layer does not comprise any absorbent layer. Indeed, it is not desired that such a layer be present at this location, and in particular cause absorption of visible and / or infrared electromagnetic waves.

[0031] The present invention further relates to a glazed assembly comprising a single frame and multiple glazing, in particular for use according to the invention.

[0032] This multiple glazing comprises: - a glass substrate coated on one side with a stack of thin layers, said substrate having an energy absorption on the stack side, calculated (by the formula: AEE = 1 - Energy transmission - Energy reflection on the stack side) according to standard EN 410 on said coated side and an energy absorption on the opposite side, calculated (by the formula: AES = 1 - Energy transmission - Energy reflection on the side opposite the stack) according to standard EN 410 on a side opposite said coated side, - at least one other glass substrate, and - a peripheral structure, the substrates being held together by said peripheral structure and said glazing providing a separation between an exterior space and an interior space with at least one interposed gas layer located between the two substrates, said glazing having a light transmission, measured according to standard EN 410, - said stack of thin layers being on one face oriented towards said intercalated gas layer, said assembly being remarkable in that said glazing includes means for being used reversibly in two different states compared to a single frame, with: - in a so-called “cold” state, said substrate in contact with said interior space, and - in a so-called “hot” state, said substrate in contact with said external space, and in that a- said glazing having a light transmission of between 50.0% and 64.9%, or even between 57.0% and 62.9%, said substrate having an energy absorption on the stack side of at least 25.0%, or even at least 27.0%, and a ratio of said energy absorption on the stack side to said energy absorption on the opposite side of at least 0.70, or even at least 0.72, or b- said glazing having a light transmission of between 65.0% and 80.0%, or even between 67.0% and 72.9%, said substrate having an energy absorption on the stack side of at least 20.0%, or even at least 22.0%, and a ratio of said energy absorption on the stack side to said energy absorption on the opposite side of at least 0.75, or even at least 0.80.

[0033] Said glazing creates a separation between the exterior space and the interior space, with at least one interposed gas layer arranged between the two substrates.

[0034] Preferably, said substrate coated on one side with a stack of thin layers is not a laminated window.

[0035] In said multiple glazing, each substrate may be clear or colored. At least one of the substrates in particular may be made of mass-colored glass. The choice of the type of co The quality will depend on the level of light transmission and / or the colorimetric appearance desired for the glazing once its manufacture is complete.

[0036] A glazing substrate, in particular the substrate carrying the stack, may be curved and / or toughened after the stack has been deposited.

[0037] Said substrate coated on one face with a stack of thin layers is preferably used in a multiple glazing configuration with the stack arranged so as to be turned towards the side of the interposed gas blade of the glazing; said face opposite said coated face is preferably without any stack of thin layers.

[0038] Said glazing may be triple glazing consisting of three sheets of glass separated two by two by a gas layer.

[0039] The details and advantageous characteristics of the invention emerge from the following non-limiting examples, illustrated with the aid of the attached figures: - [Fig.l] illustrates a structure of a functional bilayer stack terminating with a terminal protective layer, each functional layer being deposited directly on a blocking sublayer and directly under a blocking overlayer; - [Fig.2] and [Fig.3] each illustrate the same double glazing incorporating a stack of layers according to the invention, respectively in a so-called “hot” state in [Fig.2] and in a so-called “cold” state [Fig.3]; - [Fig.4] and [Fig.5] each illustrate the same triple glazing incorporating two stacks of layers according to the invention, respectively in a so-called “hot” state [Fig.4] and in a so-called “cold” state [Fig.5], and - [Fig.6] illustrates a structure of a functional monolayer stack terminating with a terminal protective layer, the functional layer being deposited directly on a blocking sublayer and directly under a blocking overlayer.

[0040] In the figures, the proportions between the thicknesses of the different layers or of the different elements are not strictly respected in order to facilitate their reading.

[0041] [Fig.l] illustrates a structure of a stack 14 with several functional layers according to the invention deposited on a face 11 of a transparent glass substrate 10. This diagram illustrates the positions of different layers relative to each other when these layers are present.

[0042] In this structure, the functional layers 140, 180 are in particular based on silver or a metal alloy containing silver, and are each arranged between two anti-reflection modules: the underlying anti-reflection module 120 located below the first functional layer 140 in the direction of the substrate 10 and the intermediate anti-reflection module 160 arranged above the first functional layer 140 in the direction of the substrate 10. opposite the substrate 10 and under the second functional layer 180. An overlying antireflective module 200 is disposed above the second functional layer 180 opposite the substrate 10.

[0043] These anti-reflective modules 120, 160, 200 each comprise at least one dielectric layer 123, 125, 127, 128, 129; 162, 165, 168, 169; 202, 203, 205, 207.

[0044] A terminal protective layer 300, furthest from the face 11, can complete the stack.

[0045] For the illustrated two-functional layer stack structure, the first functional layer 140 is located indirectly on the underlying anti-reflective module 120 and indirectly under the intermediate anti-reflective module 160: there is an under-blocking layer 130 located between the underlying anti-reflective module 120 and the first functional layer 140 and an over-blocking layer 150 located between the first functional layer 140 and the intermediate anti-reflective module 160.

[0046] For the illustrated two-functional layer stack structure, the second functional layer 180 is located indirectly on the underlying intermediate anti-reflective module 160 and indirectly under the anti-reflective module 200: there is an under-blocking layer 170 located between the underlying anti-reflective module 160 and the second functional layer 180 and an over-blocking layer 190 located between the second functional layer 180 and the anti-reflective module 200.

[0047] Each metal functional layer 140, 180 has the function of reflecting infrared radiation and / or a portion of solar radiation. It may be made of any suitable metal, for example gold-based or silver-based. The thickness of each metal functional layer 140, 180 may typically be between 2 nm and 25 nm, preferably between 10 nm and 20 nm.

[0048] According to preferred embodiments, each metallic functional layer 140, 180 is a silver-based layer.

[0049] The anti-reflective modules may comprise one or more layers of oxides and / or nitrides of metallic elements and / or metallic alloys, such as, for example, zinc oxide, mixed zinc and tin oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxide, zirconium nitride, titanium oxide, tin oxide, and silicon oxynitride.

[0050] The underlying antireflection module 120 may comprise an absorbent layer 124.

[0051] The overlying antireflection module 200 may comprise an absorbent layer 204, 206.

[0052] The methods for depositing thin layers on substrates, in particular glass substrates, are methods well known in the industry. For example, the deposition of a stack of thin layers on a glass substrate is carried out by successively depositing each thin layer of said stack by passing the glass substrate through a succession of deposition cells adapted to deposit a layer thin data.

[0053] The deposition cells may use deposition methods such as magnetic field assisted sputtering (also called magnetron sputtering), ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD), evaporation, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD), etc.

[0054] The magnetic field-assisted sputtering deposition process is particularly used. The conditions for deposition of layers are widely documented in the literature, for example in patent applications WO2012 / 093238 A1 and WO2017 / 00602 A1

[0055] The substrate 10, coated with the stack of thin layers 14, preferably has a ratio of the energy reflection on the side opposite the stack RES, (calculated according to the EN 410 standard on the face 9 opposite the coated face 11), to the energy reflection on the stack side REE, (calculated according to the EN 410 standard on the coated face 11), which is equal to or greater than 0.9.

[0056] Such a stack of thin layers 14 is used in a multiple glazing unit 100 providing a separation between an exterior space ES and an interior space IS; this glazing unit may have a double glazing structure, as illustrated in [Fig.2] and [Fig.3]: this glazing unit is then made up of two glass substrates 10, 30, which are held together by a frame structure 90 and which are separated from each other by an interposed gas blade 15.

[0057] In [Fig.2] and [Fig.3], the incident direction of sunlight entering the building is illustrated by the double arrow on the left.

[0058] In [Fig.2], the stack 14 of thin layers is positioned on face 2 (on the outermost sheet of the building considering the incident direction of the sunlight entering the building and on its face facing the gas blade), that is to say on an inner face 11 of the substrate 10 in contact with the interposed gas blade 15, the other face 9 of the substrate 10 being in contact with the outer space ES. The substrate 30, not carrying a stack, has a face 29 in contact with the interposed gas blade 15, the other face 31 of the substrate 30 being in contact with the inner space IS.

[0059] In [Fig.3], the stack 14 of thin layers is positioned on face 3 (on the innermost sheet of the building considering the incident direction of the sunlight entering the building and on its face facing the gas blade), that is to say on an inner face 11 of the substrate 10 in contact with the interposed gas blade 15, the other face 9 of the substrate 10 being in contact with the inner space IS. The substrate 30, not carrying a stack, has a face 29 in contact with the interposed gas blade 15, the other face 31 of the substrate 30 being in contact with the outer space ES.

[0060] The change from the configuration of [Fig.2] to that of [Fig.3] is a change from the hot state of the glazing to the cold state of the glazing; this change is reversible. The mechanical means enabling this change are not described in detail here.

[0061] The double glazing has a solar factor called the “cold solar factor” (“cg” or “gF3”) in the so-called “cold” state, a solar factor called the “hot solar factor” (“wg” or “gF2”) in the so-called “hot” state and is, preferably, such that the cold solar factor is greater than the hot solar factor, with a difference Ag between the cold solar factor and the hot solar factor: a- of at least 15, or even at least 17, when the glazing 1 has a light transmission TL of between 50.0% and 64.9%, or even between 57.0% and 62.9%, or b- of at least 12, or even at least 14, when the glazing 1 has a light transmission TL of between 65.0% and 80.0%, or even between 67.0% and 72.9%.

[0062] The double glazing has in the so-called “cold” state: a selectivity called “cold selectivity” (“es” or “sF3”); in the so-called “hot” state: a selectivity called “hot selectivity” (“ws” or “sF2”); with, preferably: a- a cold selectivity <1.15 or even <1.10 and a hot selectivity >1.40 or even >1.50, when the glazing 1 has a light transmission TL of between 50.0% and 64.9%, or even between 57.0% and 62.9%, or b- a cold selectivity < 1.25 or even < 1.20 and a hot selectivity > 1.45 or even > 1.55, when the glazing 1 has a light transmission TL of between 65.0% and 80.0%, or even between 67.0% and 72.9%.

[0063] Preferably, the substrate coated with the stack has a ratio of its light transmission to its energy transmission measured according to standard EN 410, TL / TE > 1.0, preferably > 1.2 for a thickness of 4 mm or 6 mm.

[0064] In the following examples, the functional metal layers 140, 180 are silver (Ag) layers. The blocking layers 130, 150, 170, 190 are nickel and chromium alloy (NiCr) metal layers. The antireflection modules 120, 160, 200 comprise barrier layers and stabilizing layers. The barrier layers are based on silicon nitride, doped with aluminum (Si3N4:Al), based on silicon and zirconium nitride or based on mixed zinc and tin oxide (SnZnOx). The stabilizing layers are made of zinc oxide (ZnO).

[0065] [Tables 1] Name Content Stoichiometry Index (at 550 nm) cwo Cesium-doped tungsten oxide 2.45 Si3N4 Aluminum-doped silicon nitride Si3N4:Al 2.05 SiZrN27 Silicon-zirconium nitride SixZryNZ' with y / (y + x) = 0.27 2.40 ZnO Zinc oxide ZnO 1.90 SnZnO Zinc-tin oxide SneZnfO 2.00 TiO Titanium oxide - TiO2 or close 2.35 NiCr Nickel-chromium alloy Nio,8Cro,2 - Ag Ag -

[0066] The conditions for deposition of the layers, which were deposited by sputtering (so-called “magnetron cathode sputtering”), are summarized in Table 2.

[0067] [Tables2] Target Layer Used Deposition Pressure CWO Gas Cs / W = 0.05 at. 5.103 mbar Ar / (Ar + O2) at 80% Si3N4 Si:Al at 92:8% by weight 3.2-6.10-3 mbar Ar / (Ar + N2) at 55% SiZrN27 Si:Zr:Al at 68:27:5% by weight 2.103 mbar Ar / (Ar + N2) at 45% ZnO Zn:Al at 98:2% by weight 1.8.10-3 mbar Ar / (Ar + O2) at 63% SnZnO Zn:Sn at 64:36% by weight 2.103 mbar Ar / (Ar + O2) at 50% TiO TiO2 2.103 mbar Ar / (Ar + O2) at 95% NiCr Ni:Cr at 80:20% at. 2-3.103 mbar Ar at 100% Ag Ag 8.103 mbar Ar at 100%

[0068] at. = atomic

[0069] A first series of examples was produced on the basis of the two-functional layer stack structure illustrated in [Fig.l] with, starting from the surface 11 of the substrate 10, with a thickness of 6 mm, only the following layers, in this order (the materials and physical thicknesses are in nanometers and the substrate carrying the stack, made of clear glass, is in the last line, at the bottom of the table):

[0070] [Tables3] Table 3 Ref. A Ref. 1 Ex. 1 Ex. 2 Ex. 3 Ex. 4 Ex. 5 300 TiO 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 200: 207 Si3N4 - - - - 41 41 5 206 NiCr - - - - 3.1 2.3 2.0 205 Si3N4 28 34 30 10 30 15 37 204 cwo - - - - - 26 - 203 SiZrN27 - - - 16 - - - 202 ZnO 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 190 NiCr 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 180 Ag 9.7 15.1 12.8 7.0 7.0 7.1 14.0 170 NiCr - 0.2 1.6 2.9 - - - 160: 169 ZnO 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 168 SnZnO 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 165 Si3N4 44 66 60 61 55 63 68 162 ZnO 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 150 NiCr 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 140 Ag 7.0 12.0 7.6 7.0 7.0 7.4 8.9 130 NiCr - 2.7 1.9 1.1 - - - 120: 129 ZnO 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 128 SnZnO - - - - - - - 127 SiZrN27 - - - 16 - - - 125 Si3N4 40 31 12 15 38 38 36 124 NiCr 3.0 - - - - - - 123 Si3N4 27 - - - - - - Substrate

[0071] Ref = reference

[0072] In this table 3, the first column indicates the number of the layer or module, with reference to [Fig.l] and the second column indicates the material for these layers. Reference A corresponds to a counterexample with absorbent layer 124, only in the first dielectric module 120.

[0073] In the following tables presenting the properties of the examples and counter-examples (reference examples), the solar factor, g, the selectivity, s, the light transmission, TL, the light reflection on the inner face, Rint, and on the outer face, Rext, as well as the color in transmission, in reflection on the inner face and in reflection on the outer face, were measured for each substrate of the examples and counter-examples assembled in a double glazing, as illustrated in [Fig.2] and in [Fig.3], with the stack of thin layers 14 on the face 11. The second glass substrate 30 is a soda-calcium silico mineral glass with a thickness of 4 mm. The thickness of the interlayer blade 15 composed of air with 90% argon is 16 mm.

[0074] The term "color", used to describe a transparent substrate provided with a stack, means the color as defined in the CIE 1976 L*a*b* color space according to the ISO 11664 standard, in particular with a D65 illuminant and a visual field of 2° for the reference observer. It is measured in accordance with said standard. The measurements of the color parameters a* and b*, in transmission (a*T, b*T), in external reflection (a*Rext, b*Rext) and in internal reflection (a*Rint, b*Rint) are grouped together. The values ​​of a* and b* in the odd tables below are the values ​​measured in the configuration of [Fig. 3], for use in the so-called "cold" state.

[0075] The light transmission in the visible spectrum, TL, the internal reflection in the visible spectrum, Rint, the external reflection in the visible spectrum, Rext, as well as the solar factor in the entire solar spectrum, g and the selectivity, s, are defined, measured and calculated in accordance with EN 410 standards.

[0076] Energy absorption is also defined, measured and calculated in accordance with EN 410 standards.

[0077] sF2 and gF2 respectively designate the selectivity and the solar factor of the configuration called “face 2” of [Fig.2]; sF3 and gF3 respectively designate the selectivity and the solar factor of the configuration called “face 3” of [Fig.3].

[0078] With regard to the reversible use of the multiple glazing, the selectivity sF3 and the solar factor gF3 of the configuration called "face 3" of [Fig. 3] represent a selectivity called "cold selectivity" es and a solar factor called "cold solar factor" cg, which are observed during use in the so-called "cold" state; the selectivity sF2 and the solar factor gF2 of the configuration called "face 2" of [Fig. 2] represent a selectivity called "hot selectivity" ws and a solar factor called "hot solar factor" wg, which are observed during use in the so-called "hot" state.

[0079] Ag denotes the difference in selectivity between the configuration called “face 2” of [Fig.2] and the configuration called “face 3” of [Fig.3].

[0080] AEE denotes the energy absorption of the monolithic substrate 10, measured on the side of the face 11, the one on which the stack of thin layers 14 is deposited; AES denotes the energy absorption of the monolithic substrate 10, measured on the side of the face 9, which does not include any stack of thin layers. Table 4 TL Ag sF3 gF3 sF2 gF2 AEE AES AEE / AES Ref. A 59.0 13.5 1.13 52.4 1.52 38.9 22.1 44.1 0.50 Ref. 1 60.0 12.2 1.34 44.7 1.84 32.6 18.7 31.4 0.60 Ex. 1 59.0 16.6 1.14 51.7 1.68 35.1 25.2 33.9 0.74 Ex. 2 59.0 21.9 0.95 62.1 1.47 40.2 33.5 36.1 0.93 Ex. 3 59.0 27.9 0.88 67.3 1.50 39.3 42.0 29.2 1.44 Ex. 4 59.0 31.2 0.85 69.6 1.54 38.3 46.5 30.6 1.52 Ex. 5 59.0 24.0 1.00 58.9 1.69 34.9 35.2 30.1 1.17 Table 5 a*T b*T Rext a*Rext b*Rext Rint a*Rint b*Rint Ref. A -2.0 -3.0 8.1 -0.8 -10.0 15.0 -6.0 -0.8 Ref. 1 -5.9 -3.0 15.1 -1.0 -7.2 14.7 0.0 -5.0 Ex. 1 -4.3 -3.0 11.5 -1.0 -10.0 11.8 -4.0 -2.8 Ex. 2 -3.2 -2.2 9.2 2.3 -9.9 12.1 -1.6 -4.3 Ex. 3 -4.7 -2.1 15.0 0.0 -10.0 13.7 0.0 -2.4 Ex. 4 -5.5 -3.0 15.0 -1.7 -7.4 13.8 0.0 -5.0 Ex. 5 -3.1 0.2 10.8 -3.0 -10.0 12.1 0.3 1.0

[0081] Examples 1 to 4 according to the invention are distinguished by a second relatively thin functional metal layer, here from 7.0 to approximately 13 nm. The emissivity of these examples is not optimal; it is of the order of 3%.

[0082] Example 5 according to the invention is distinguished by a second relatively thick functional metal layer, here 14.0 nm. This example aims in particular to achieve a relatively low emissivity, of the order of 1%.

[0083] Examples 1 to 4 according to the invention have an energy absorption AEE of the substrate 10 measured on the side of the face 11 which is high, between 25.2% and 46.5% whereas the energy absorption AEE of the substrate 10 of the reference example 1 is only 18.7%. For examples 1 to 4, as for reference 1, the absorption AES energy absorption of the substrate 10, measured on the side of the face 9, is in the same range, between 29.2% and 36.1%. Examples 1 to 4 according to the invention have a ratio of the AEE stack energy absorption to said AES substrate energy absorption of at least 0.70, or even at least 0.72.

[0084] Table 4 shows that the reference Ref. A has a cold solar factor (on face 3) which is quite high, of 52.4%, which promotes the entry of heat into the interior space through the glazing but has a relatively high hot solar factor (on face 2), of 38.9%, which does not minimize the entry of heat into the interior space through the glazing. This results, for the visible light transmission of 59.0%, in a relatively low cold selectivity of 1.13, but in a too low hot selectivity of 1.52.

[0085] Table 4 shows that the reference Ref. 1 has a relatively low hot solar factor (on face 2), of 32.6%, which minimizes the entry of heat into the interior space through the glazing, but has a cold solar factor (on face 3) which is not very high, of only 44.7%, which does not favor the entry of heat into the interior space through the glazing. This generates, for the light transmission in the visible of 60%, a relatively high hot selectivity, of 1.84 but a too high cold selectivity, of 1.34.

[0086] Examples 1 to 4 have a slightly higher hot solar factor than that of reference Ref. 1, between 35% and 41%, but a higher cold solar factor than that of reference Ref. 1, between approximately 52% and approximately 70%. With similar light transmission, examples 1 to 4 thus have a fairly high hot selectivity, greater than 1.45 and a lower cold selectivity, between 0.90 and 1.15. The higher the difference in solar factor Ag (at least 15.0), the more marked the effect between hot use and cold use, i.e. the more efficient the glazing is in the two alternative uses.

[0087] A second series of examples was produced on the basis of the two-functional layer stack structure illustrated in [Fig.l] with, starting from the surface 11 of the substrate 10, with a thickness of 6 mm, only the following layers, in this order, without the layers 123, 124, illustrated (the materials and physical thicknesses are in nanometers and the substrate carrying the stack, made of clear glass, is in the last line, at the bottom of the table):

[0088] [Tableauxô] Table 6 Ref. 10 Ex. 11 Ex. 12 Ex. 13 300 TiO 1 1 1 1 200: 207 Si3N4 - - 7 8 206 NiCr - - 1.0 0.9 205 Si3N4 33 32 11 33 204 cwo - - - - 203 SiZrN27 - - - - 202 ZnO 5 5 5 5 190 NiCr 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 180 Ag 15.2 9.9 11.4 14.0 170 NiCr - 2.0 - - 160: 169 ZnO 5 5 5 5 168 SnZnO 10 10 10 10 165 Si3N4 64 61 60 67 162 ZnO 5 5 5 5 150 NiCr 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 140 Ag 11.5 7.2 7.7 9.1 130 NiCr 1.0 1.0 - - 120: 129 ZnO 5 5 5 5 128 SnZnO - - - - 127 SiZrN27 - - - - 125 Si3N4 18 18 18 35 Substrate Ref = reference

[0089]

[0090] In this table 6, the first column indicates the number of the layer or module, with reference to [Fig.2] and the second column indicates the material for these layers. Table 7 TL Ag sF3 gF3 sF2 gF2 AEE AES AEE / AES Ref. 10 69.0 8.5 1.5 46.6 1.81 38.0 13.9 23.7 0.59 Ex. 11 69.0 14 1.2 58.5 1.55 44.4 22.6 25.6 0.88 Ex. 12 69.0 16 1.2 59.5 1.59 43.5 25.1 24.5 1.02 Ex. 13 69.0 16 1.2 40.9 1.69 10.9 24.1 24.6 0.98 Table 8 a*T b*T Rext a*Rext b*Rext Rint a*Rint b*Rint Ref. 10 -3.9 -0.1 15.0 -2.6 -8.7 14.0 -1.5 -5.0 Ex. 11 -4.3 -1.7 9.8 -0.3 -10.0 12.8 -2.6 1.0 Ex. 12 -2.7 0.9 10.1 -1.0 -10.0 12.4 -0.5 -0.5 Ex. 13 -2.9 0.7 10.3 -2.0 -10.0 11.5 -1.1 -1.6

[0091] Example 13 according to the invention is distinguished by a second relatively thick functional metal layer, here 14.0 nm. This example aims in particular to achieve a relatively low emissivity, of the order of 1%.

[0092] Examples 11 to 13 according to the invention have an energy absorption AEE of the substrate 10 measured on the side of the face 11 which is high, between 22.6% and 25.1% whereas the energy absorption AEE of the substrate 10 of the reference example is only 13.9%. For examples 11 to 13, as for reference 10, the energy absorption AES of the substrate 10, measured on the side of the face 9 is in the same range, between 23.7% and 25.6%. Examples 11 to 13 according to the invention have a ratio of the stack energy absorption AEE to said substrate energy absorption AES of at least 0.75, or even at least 0.80.

[0093] Table 7 shows that the reference Ref. 10 has a relatively low hot solar factor (on face 2), of 38%, which minimizes the entry of heat into the interior space through the glazing, but a cold solar factor (on face 3) which is not very high, of only 46.6%, which does not favor the entry of heat into the interior space through the glazing. This generates, for the visible light transmission of 69%, a relatively high hot selectivity, of 1.81 but a too high cold selectivity, of 1.5.

[0094] Examples 11 to 13 have a slightly higher hot solar factor than that of the reference, between 40.9% and 44.4%, but a higher cold solar factor than that of the reference, between approximately 56% and approximately 60%. With similar light transmission, examples 11 to 13 thus have a fairly high hot selectivity, greater than 1.50 and a lower cold selectivity, of 1.2. The greater the difference The higher the solar factor Ag, the more marked the effect between hot use and cold use, i.e. the more efficient the glazing will be in the two alternative uses.

[0095] [Fig.6] illustrates a structure of a single functional layer stack 14 according to the invention deposited on a face 11 of a transparent glass substrate 10. This diagram illustrates the positions of different layers relative to each other when these layers are present.

[0096] In this structure, the functional layer 140 is in particular based on silver or a metal alloy containing silver, and is arranged between two anti-reflection modules: the underlying anti-reflection module 120 located below the first functional layer 140 in the direction of the substrate 10 and the intermediate anti-reflection module 160 arranged above the functional layer 140 opposite the substrate 10.

[0097] These anti-reflective modules 120, 160 each comprise at least one dielectric layer 125, 126, 128, 129; 162, 163, 165.

[0098] A terminal protective layer 300, furthest from the face 11, can complete the stack.

[0099] For the illustrated single functional layer stack structure, the functional layer 140 is located indirectly on the underlying anti-reflective module 120 and indirectly under the intermediate anti-reflective module 160: there is an under-blocking layer 130 located between the underlying anti-reflective module 120 and the first functional layer 140 and an over-blocking layer 150 located between the first functional layer 140 and the intermediate anti-reflective module 160.

[0100] The metal functional layer 140 has the function of reflecting infrared radiation and / or a portion of the solar radiation. It may be made of any suitable metal, for example gold-based or silver-based. The thickness of the metal functional layer 140 may typically be between 2 nm and 25 nm, preferably between 10 nm and 20 nm.

[0101] According to preferred embodiments, the metallic functional layer 140 is a silver-based layer.

[0102] The anti-reflective modules may comprise one or more layers based on oxides and / or nitrides of metallic elements and / or metallic alloys, such as, for example, zinc oxide, mixed zinc and tin oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxide, zirconium nitride, titanium oxide, tin oxide, and silicon oxynitride.

[0103] A third series of examples was made on the basis of the single functional layer stacking structure illustrated in [Fig.6] with, starting from the surface 11 of the transparent and colored substrate 10, with a thickness of 4 mm, only the following layers, in this order (the materials and physical thicknesses are in nanometers and the substrate carrying the stack, in tinted glass, is in the last line, at the bottom of the table):

[0104] [Tables9] Table 9 Ex. 21 Ex. 22 300 SnZnO 5 5 160: 165 Si3N4 36 35 163 TiO 5 5 162 ZnO 5 5 150 TiO 1 1 140 Ag 9 9 130 - - - 120: 129 ZnO 5 5 128 SnZnO 5 5 126 TiO 15 15 125 Si3N4 20 20 Substrate Parsol Sapphire blue Parsol green

[0105] In this table 9, the first column indicates the number of the layer or module, with reference to [Fig.6] and the second column indicates the material for these layers.

[0106] The “Parsol Sapphire blue” and “Parsol green” substrates are available from SAINT-GOBAIN. They have the following optical properties, measured as before, with just the usual difference that a colored substrate has a single data set for reflection because the reflection of an uncoated colored substrate 10 is identical on both main faces, 9 and 11: Table 10 TL a*T b*TR a*R b*R Parsol Sapphire blue 66.5 -5.5 -7.9 6.3 -1.5 -3.1 Parsol green 78.8 -6.7 0.4 7.1 -2.4 -0.4

[0107] These substrates are described as “colored” because they each have a pronounced color, both in reflection and in transmission, one in blue and the other in green. They are colored in the mass during the melting of the constituent material of the substrate, according to a well-known technique.

[0108] In the following tables presenting the properties of examples 21 and 22, the solar factor, g, the selectivity, s, the light transmission, TL, the light reflection on the inner face, Rint, and on the outer face, Rext, as well as the color in transmission, in reflection on the inner face and in reflection on the outer face, were measured for each substrate of the examples assembled in a double glazing, as illustrated in [Fig.2] and in [Fig.3], with the stack of thin layers 14 on the face 11. The second glass substrate 30 is a soda-calcium silico mineral glass with a thickness of 4 mm. The thickness of the interlayer blade 15 composed of air with 90% argon is 16 mm. Table 11 TL Ag sF3 gF3 sF2 gF2 AEE AES AEE / AES Ex. 21 61.2 24.2 0.89 68.4 1.38 44.2 36.9 46.3 0.80 Ex. 22 72.5 23.2 1.06 68.4 1.60 45.2 35.6 46.1 0.77 Table 12 a*T b*T Rext a*Rext b*Rext Rint a*Rint b*Rint Ex. 21 -6.8 -6.0 8.1 -1.8 -7.1 10.0 0.2 -5.9 Ex. 22 -7.9 2.0 9.6 -3.3 -3.2 10.7 -0.5 -4.1

[0109] When the colored substrates carrying the stack of thin layers are each the first substrate crossed by the light coming from the outside and the functional stack is on face 2, i.e. in the hot state, then the glazings have a relatively high hot solar factor, of the order of 44 to 45%; when these colored substrates carrying the stack of thin layers are each the second substrate crossed by the light coming from the outside and the functional stack is on face 3, i.e. in the cold state, then the glazings have a high cold solar factor, of the order of 68%.

[0110] An example of multiple glazing 100 consisting of triple glazing has been produced. This glazing, illustrated in [Fig.4] and [Fig.5], also creates a separation between an exterior space ES and an interior space IS.

[0111] This triple glazing has a configuration: 4-12 (Ar 90%)-4-12 (Ar 90%)-4, that is to say that it is made up of three transparent glass sheets of 4 mm, each forming a substrate 10, 20, 30, separated two by two by an intermediate gas layer 15, 25 at 90% argon and 10% air each with a thickness of 12 mm, the whole being held together by a frame structure 90.

[0112] In [Fig.4], the substrates 10, 20 of this triple glazing are each coated on its face interior 11, 21 facing respectively towards the intermediate gas blade 15, 25, of a stack of thin layers 14, 24 consisting of the stack with two metallic functional layers described above: the stacks are thus respectively on faces called "face 2" and "face 4" relative to the incident direction of the sunlight illustrated by the double arrow to the left of the frame structure 90; moreover, the two faces 9, 19 of the substrates 10, 20 of this triple glazing, which are in contact respectively with the exterior space ES and the intermediate gas blade 15, are not coated with a layer or a coating of layers. The substrates 10 and 20 are here identical and oriented in the same way relative to the incident direction of the sunlight. The substrate 30 is not coated with a layer or a coating of layers, neither on an inner face 29, facing the intermediate space 25, nor on the other face 31 facing the inner space IS.

[0113] In [Fig.5], the substrates 10, 20 of this triple glazing are also coated, each, on its inner face 11, 21 facing respectively towards the intermediate gas blade 15, 25, with a stack of thin layers 14, 24 consisting of the stack with two metallic functional layers described above; however, the stacks are then respectively on faces called “face 5” and “face 3” relative to the incident direction of the sunlight illustrated by the double arrow to the left of the frame structure 90; moreover, the two faces 9, 19 of the substrates 10, 20 of this triple glazing, which are in contact respectively with the interior space IS and the intermediate gas blade 15, are not coated with a layer or a coating of layers. The substrates 10 and 20 are here identical and oriented in the same way relative to the incident direction of the sunlight.The substrate 30 is not coated with a layer or a coating of layers, neither on an inner face 29, facing the intermediate space 25, nor on the other face 31, facing the outer space ES.

[0114] The change from the configuration of [Fig.4] to that of [Fig.5] is a change of state from the hot state of the glazing to the cold state of the glazing; this change is reversible. The mechanical means allowing this change are not described in detail here.

[0115] This example of triple glazing can make it possible to obtain a slightly higher cold solar factor than with double glazing and a significantly lower hot solar factor than with double glazing, and the configuration is then advantageous.

[0116] The present invention is described in the foregoing by way of example. It is understood that a person skilled in the art is able to carry out different variants of the invention without departing from the scope of the patent as defined by the claims.

Claims

Claims

1. Use of multiple glazing (1), said multiple glazing (1) comprising: - a glass substrate (10), coated on one face (11) with a stack of thin layers (14), said coated substrate (10) having an energy absorption on the stack side (AEE), calculated according to standard EN 410 on said coated face (11) and ... opposite (AES), calculated according to standard EN 410 on a face opposite said coated face (11), - at least one other substrate (30), glass, and - a peripheral structure (90), the substrates (10, 30) being held together by said peripheral structure (90) and said glazing providing a separation between an exterior space (ES) and an interior space (IS) with at least one interposed gas layer (15) located between the two substrates, said glazing (1) having a light transmission (TL), measured according to standard EN 410, - said stack of thin layers (14) being on one face oriented towards said intermediate gas blade (15), characterized in that said glazing (1) is used reversibly in two different states relative to a single frame (110), with: - in a so-called “cold” state, said substrate (10) in contact with said interior space (IS), and - in a so-called “hot” state, said substrate (10) in contact with said external space (ES), and in that a- said glazing (1) having a light transmission (TL) of between 50.0% and 64.9%, or even between 57.0% and 62.9%, said substrate (10) has an energy absorption on the em side stacking (AEE) of at least 25.0%, or even at least 27.0%, and a ratio of said stacking-side energy absorption (AEE) to said opposite-side energy absorption (AES) of at least 0.70, or even at least 0.72, or b- said glazing (1) having a light transmission (TL) of between 65.0% and 80.0%, or even between 67.0% and 72.9%, said substrate (10) has an energy absorption on the stack side (AEE) of at least 20.0%, or even at least 22.0%, and a ratio of said stacking-side energy absorption (AEE) to said opposite-side energy absorption (AES) of at least 0.75, or even at least 0.

80.

2. Use of a multiple glazing (1) according to claim 1, wherein said substrate (10) has a TL / TE ratio > 1.0, preferably >1.2 for a thickness of 4 mm or 6 mm.

3. Use of a multiple glazing unit (1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said substrate (10) has a ratio of the stacking energy reflection (REE), measured according to the EN 410 standard on said coated face (11), to the substrate energy reflection (RES), measured according to the EN 410 standard on the face opposite said coated face (11), which is equal to or greater than 0.

9.

4. Use of a multiple glazing unit (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein said glazing unit is a double glazing unit which has a solar factor called "cold solar factor" (cg) in the so-called "cold" state, a solar factor called "hot solar factor" (wg) in the so-called "hot" state, the cold solar factor (cg) being greater than the hot solar factor (wg) with a difference (Ag) between the cold solar factor (cg) and the hot solar factor (wg): a- of at least 15, or even at least 17, when said glazing unit (1) has a light transmission (TL) of between 50.0% and 64.9%, or even between 57.0% and 62.9%, or b- of at least 12, or even at least 14, when said glazing unit (1) has a light transmission (TL) of between 65.0% and 80.0%, or even between 67.0% and 72.9%.

5. Use of a multiple glazing unit (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, in which said glazing unit is a double glazing unit which has in the so-called "cold" state: a solar factor called "cold solar factor" (cg) and a selectivity called "cold selectivity" (es); in the so-called "hot" state: a solar factor called "hot solar factor" (wg) and a selectivity called "hot selectivity" (ws); with: a- a cold selectivity (es) < 1.15 or even < 1.10 and a hot selectivity (ws) > 1.40 or even > 1.50, when said glazing (1) has a light transmission (TL) of between 50.0% and 64.9%, or even between 57.0% and 62.9%, or b- a cold selectivity (es) < 1.25 or even < 1.20 and a hot selectivity (ws) > 1.45 or even > 1.55, when said glazing (1) has a light transmission (TL) between 65.0% and 80.0%, or even between 67.0% and 72.9%.

6. Glazed assembly (100) comprising a single frame (110) and multiple glazing (1), in particular for use according to any one of claims 1 to 5, said multiple glazing (1) comprising: - a glass substrate (10), coated on one face (11) with a stack of thin layers (14), said substrate (10) having an energy absorption on the stack side (AEE), calculated according to standard EN 410 on said coated face (11) and an energy absorption on the opposite side (AES), calculated according to standard EN 410 on a face opposite to said coated face (11), - at least one other glass substrate (30), and - a peripheral structure (90), the substrates (10, 30) being held together by said peripheral structure (90) and said glazing providing a separation between an exterior space (ES) and an interior space (IS) with at least one interposed gas layer (15) located between the two substrates, said glazing (1) having a light transmission (TL), measured according to standard EN 410, - said stack of thin layers (14) being on one face oriented towards said intercalary gas blade (15) characterized in that said glazing (1) comprises means for being used reversibly in two different states relative to a single frame (100), with: - in a so-called “cold” state, said substrate (10) in contact with said interior space (IS), and - in a so-called “hot” state, said substrate (10) in contact with said external space (ES), and in that a- said glazing (1) having a light transmission (TL) of between 50.0% and 64.9%, or even between 57.0% and 62.9%, said substrate (10) has an energy absorption on the em side stacking (AEE) of at least 25.0%, or even at least 27.0%, and a ratio of said stacking-side energy absorption (AEE) to said opposite-side energy absorption (AES) of at least 0.70, or even at least 0.72, or b- said glazing (1) having a light transmission (TL) of between 65.0% and 80.0%, or even between 67.0% and 72.9% %, said substrate (10) has a stack-side energy absorption (AEE) of at least 20.0%, or even at least 22.0%, and a ratio of said stack-side energy absorption (AEE) to said opposite-side energy absorption (AES) of at least 0.75, or even at least 0.80.

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