Power supply system

Abstract

The invention relates to a power supply system configured to deliver a voltage from a capacitor arm comprising 6+2n capacitors. Each capacitor of rank ia has a first terminal forming a terminal of rank i of the capacitor arm, and a second terminal forming a terminal of rank i+1 of the capacitor arm, i being a natural number between 1 and 6+2n.The power supply system further comprises: for each capacitance of rank i from 2 to 6+2n-1, a respective generic module, each generic module comprising a switch arm whose ends are connected to the terminals of the capacitance of rank i, a branch comprising a DC voltage source and a series inductor, one end of the branch being connected to the midpoint of the switch arm; a first and a second terminal module, each comprising a voltage source, a first switch arm, and a second switch arm, the midpoints of the first and second arms being connected to a first and second branch, respectively, comprising an inductor. Terminals of the first terminal module are connected to the ranks 1, 2, and 3 of the capacitance arm. Terminals of the second terminal module are connected to the ranks 6+2n-1, 6+2n, and 6+2n+1 of the capacitance arm.Second ends of the generic module branches are connected and the switch arms are controlled, so that the currents passing through the terminals of the capacitance arm are balanced.

Description

Title of the invention: Power supply system Technical field and technological background

[0001] The present invention relates to a power supply system and a power supply method using the power supply system according to the invention. In particular, the invention is in the field of power electronics, especially that of partial power converters.

[0002] It is known to supply an electrical load from a voltage source having a voltage lower than the load's voltage. For this purpose, a step-up voltage converter is used, which increases the voltage supplied by the voltage source to a voltage suitable for the electrical load. In particular, for renewable energy sources, the step-up voltage converter makes it possible to compensate for voltage fluctuations related to the variability of the energy sources. For example, the voltage supplied by a photovoltaic panel depends on the amount of sunlight.

[0003] US patent application publication US2011 / 0188276 A1 describes a power supply system in which a plurality of DC voltage sources use different switches of the same boost converter to supply power to the electrical load. This power supply system configuration allows the voltages delivered across the switches to be lower than those of the switches in a configuration where a single voltage source, equivalent to the plurality of equivalent voltages, is used. This power supply system allows the switches to be operated at half the voltages, thereby reducing losses in the boost converter.

[0004] However, with the development of electrification, it is essential to improve the efficiency of electrical power supply systems.

[0005] It is therefore sought a power supply system which makes it possible to further reduce losses in a power supply system. Summary of the invention

[0006] To this end, the invention proposes a power supply system configured to deliver a DC voltage from a first end and a second end of a capacitor arm comprising 6+2n capacitors, n being a natural number, said capacitor arm being such that, from its first end to its second end, each capacitor of rank ia has a first terminal forming a terminal of rank i of the capacitor arm, and a second terminal forming a terminal of rank i+1 of the capacitor arm, i being a natural number between 1 and 6+2n, said power supply system further comprising: For each capacitance of rank i from 2 to 6+2n-1, a respective generic module, each generic module comprising a switch arm whose ends are connected to the terminals of the capacitance of rank i, a branch comprising a DC voltage source and a series inductor, a first end of the branch being connected to the midpoint of the switch arm, a first and a second terminal module, each terminal module comprising a voltage source, a first switch arm and a second switch arm, the midpoints of the first and second arms being connected to a first, respectively second, branch comprising a respective inductor, a negative terminal of the voltage source, a first end of the first arm, a first end of the second arm being connected so as to form a first connection terminal of the terminal module, the free end of the first, respectively second,branch forming a second, respectively third, connection terminal of the terminal module, a positive terminal of the voltage source, a second end of the first arm and a second end of the second arm forming a fourth connection terminal of the terminal module, the first, second and third terminals of the first terminal module being respectively connected to the rank terminals 1, 2, 3 of the capacitance arm, the second, third and fourth terminals of the second terminal module being respectively connected to the rank terminals 6+2n-l, 6+2n, 6+2n+l of the capacitance arm, second ends of the branches of the generic modules being connected and the switch arms being controlled, so that the currents passing through the terminals of the capacitance arm are balanced.

[0007] Thanks to the arrangement of the voltage sources in the generic and terminal modules, the power supply system delivers two to three times the power that would flow through a switch arm. The configuration of the power supply system according to the invention allows for voltages across the switches that are lower than those across the switches in a configuration where a single voltage source, equivalent to all the voltage sources in the system according to the invention, would be used. Furthermore, thanks to the terminal modules, and by connecting the second ends of the branches of the generic modules so that the currents flowing through the capacitor terminals are balanced, and by controlling the switch arms in the same way, losses in the power supply system according to the invention are reduced.

[0008] According to one embodiment, the switch arms are controlled so that the voltages of the capacitors are equal.

[0009] According to one embodiment, the switch arms of the generic modules are configured to be controlled in a complementary manner, two successive switch arms being configured to be controlled with opposite complementarities.

[0010] According to one variant, the switch arms of the terminal modules are configured to be controlled in a complementary manner, the switch arms of the first terminal module being configured to be controlled with a complementarity opposite to that of the switch arm of the generic module corresponding to the rank 2 capacity, and the switch arms of the second terminal module being configured to be controlled with a complementarity opposite to that of the switch arm of the generic module corresponding to the rank 6+2n-l capacity.

[0011] According to one embodiment, the voltage sources are configured to deliver the same voltage value, and / or the inductances of the generic modules have the same value.

[0012] According to one embodiment, the switch arms of the generic modules are configured to be controlled with the same duty cycle d.

[0013] According to one embodiment, in each terminal module, the first arm of switches is controlled with a first duty cycle di and the second arm of switches is controlled with a second duty cycle d2, such that: [Math.l] j__L «1- 2+d

[0014] and [Math.2] do =

[0015] According to one embodiment, the voltage sources are each a cell of the same voltage source.

[0016] According to one variant, the voltage sources are cells of the same photovoltaic panel or of the same fuel cell or of the same electrolyzer or of the same battery.

[0017] According to one embodiment, for i ranging from 2 to 6+2n-1, for first capacitances of odd rank i, the second end of the branch of the respective generic module is connected to the i-2 terminal of the capacitance arm; and for second capacities of even rank i, the second end of the branch of the respective generic module is connected to the terminal of rank i+3 of the capacity arm.

[0018] According to one embodiment, for n greater than or equal to 1, for first capacities of rank 3, respectively of rank 5, the second end of the branch of the respective generic module is connected to the terminal of rank 1, respectively of rank 3, of the capacity arm; and for second capacities of rank 6+2n-2, respectively 6+2n-4, the second end of the branch of the respective generic module is connected to the terminal of rank 6+2n+l, respectively 6+2n-l, of the capacity arm, for third capacities of rank i and of rank i+5, the second ends of the branches of the respective generic modules are connected together so as to form a single branch.

[0019] According to one variant, for each pair of third rank i and rank i +5 capacitances, the switch arms of the generic modules are configured to be out of phase with each other, preferably by 180°.

[0020] The invention further relates to a method of supplying an electrical installation from 6+2n voltage sources, said method comprising the use of an electrical supply system according to the invention, a first part of the voltage sources forming the voltage sources belonging to the arms of the generic modules; and a second part of the voltage sources forming the voltage sources belonging to the first terminal module and the second terminal module, the electrical installation being connected between the first end and the second end of the capacitor arm. Brief description of the figures

[0021] The following description, with reference to the accompanying drawings, given by way of non-limiting examples, will clearly explain what the invention consists of and how it can be implemented. In the accompanying figures:

[0022] [Fig-1] [Fig. 1] represents a first example of an electrical power supply system according to the invention;

[0023] [Fig.2] [Fig.2] represents an example of a generic module;

[0024] [Fig.3] [Fig.3] represents an example of a terminal module;

[0025] [Fig.4] [Fig.4] represents a first explanatory diagram of the first example of power supply system;

[0026] [Fig.5] [Fig.5] represents a second explanatory diagram of the first example of power supply system;

[0027] [Fig.6] [Fig.6] represents a second example of a power supply system electric according to the invention;

[0028] [Fig.7] [Fig.7] represents a third example of a power supply system electric according to the invention

[0029] [Fig-8] [Fig.8] represents another example of a generic module;

[0030] [Fig.9] [Fig.9] represents another example of a terminal module. Detailed description

[0031] A first example 100 of an electrical power supply system according to a first embodiment of the invention will be described with reference to Figures 1 to 5.

[0032] The power supply system 100 comprises a capacitor arm 110. In particular, in the context of this application, an "arm" of electronic components means a series of electronic components of the same type, connected one after the other, without excluding the possibility that some or all of them may also be connected to other components outside the arm. In particular, an end of the arm means an extreme electrical terminal of the arm. The power supply system 100 is configured to deliver a DC voltage Vbus between a first end 110a and a second end 110b of the capacitor arm 110.

[0033] According to the invention, the capacitance arm 110 comprises 6+2n capacities, n being a natural number. In other words, n can take one of the integer values ​​0, 1, 2, 3.... Starting from the first end 110a to the second end 110b of the capacitance arm 110, each capacity Ci of rank ia has a first bound ba and a second bound ba +i, which respectively form a bound of rank i and a bound of rank i+1 of the capacitance arm, i being a natural number between 1 and 6+2n and which can notably take the extreme values ​​1 and 6+2n. Thus, the capacity Ci of rank i designates the i-th capacity of the arm 110 starting from the first end 110a; and the bound of rank i of the capacitance arm 110 designates the i-th capacity bound starting from the first end 110a. The first end 110a of arm 110 therefore corresponds to the terminal bi of rank 1; and the second end 110b of arm 110 therefore corresponds to the terminal bC6 +2n+i of rank 6+2n+l.In the first example 100 illustrated in [Fig.1], n is equal to 0: the capacitance arm 110 therefore includes 6 capacitances Cl, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6. The capacitance arm also includes 7 terminals bc i-bc 7. .

[0034] For each capacitance Ci with a rank i between 2 and 6+2n-1, i.e., between 2 and 5 for the first example 100, a generic module Mgi is connected to the terminals bi, bi+1 of the capacitance Ci. Figure 2 shows an example of the generic module Mgi. Each module Mgi comprises a switch arm Tgi whose ends are connected to the terminals bi, bi+1 of the capacitance Ci of rank i. In particular, the switch arm Tgi comprises two switches. The switches are, for example, transistors, such as field-effect transistors, in particular including a parallel intrinsic diode. The midpoint of the switch arm Tgi is connected to an electrical branch Bgi, which includes a voltage source PVi and an inductor. Lgi which are in series. Thus, one end of the Bgi branch is connected to the midpoint of the Tgi switch arm.

[0035] In particular, in two successive generic modules Mgi, Mgi+1, the voltage sources PVi, PVi+1 are connected in their respective branches Bgi, Bgi+1 with opposite polarities. For example, if in a generic module Mgi, the voltage source PVi has its positive terminal oriented towards the midpoint of the switch arm Tgi, then in the generic module Mgi+1, the voltage source PVi+1 has its negative terminal oriented towards the midpoint of the switch arm Tgi+1.Specifically, in Example 100 of a power supply system, the negative terminal of the PV2 voltage source of the generic module Mg2 corresponding to the capacitance C2 of rank 2, and that of the PV4 voltage source of the generic module Mg4 corresponding to the capacitance C4 of rank 4 are oriented towards the midpoint of the respective switch arms Tg2, Tg4; and the positive terminal of the PV3 voltage source of the generic module Mg3 corresponding to the capacitance C3 of rank 3, and that of the PV5 voltage source of the generic module Mg5 corresponding to the capacitance C5 of rank 5 are oriented towards the midpoint of the respective switch arms Tg3, Tg5.

[0036] The power supply system 100 comprises a first terminal module Mtl and a second terminal module Mt2. Figure 3 shows an example of a terminal module Mt. The terminal module Mt comprises a PV voltage source connected between the ends of a first switch arm Ttl and a second switch arm Tt2. In particular, each switch arm Ttl, Tt2 comprises two switches. The switches are, for example, transistors, such as field-effect transistors, in particular including a parallel intrinsic diode. The first switch arm Ttl is connected, at its midpoint, to a first electrical branch which includes an inductance Ltl. The second switch arm Tt2 is connected, at its midpoint, to a second electrical branch which includes an inductance Lt2.In other words, the midpoints of the first arm Ttl and the second arm Tt2 are connected to one end of the first, and second, respectively, electrical branch. The first end of the first switch arm Ttl, the first end of the second switch arm Tt2, and a negative terminal of the PV voltage source form a first btl connection terminal of the terminal module Mt. The end of the first electrical branch Ttl that is not connected to the midpoint of the first arm Ttl forms a second bt2 connection terminal of the terminal module Mt. The end of the second electrical branch Tt2 that is not connected to the midpoint of the second switch arm Tt2 forms a third bt3 connection terminal of the terminal module Mt. The second end of the first switch arm Ttl, the second end of the second switch arm Tt2, and a positive terminal of the PV voltage source form a... fourth bt4 connection terminal of the Mt terminal module. In particular, the first Mtl terminal module includes a PV1 voltage source; the second Mt2 terminal module includes a PV6 voltage source.

[0037] In what follows, the connections of the first terminal module Mtl and the second terminal module Mt2 with the capacitance arm 110 will be described in relation to [Fig. 1]. For the first terminal module Mtl, the first btl terminal of the first terminal module Mtl is connected to the bCi terminal of rank 1 of the capacitance arm 110; the second bt2 terminal of the first terminal module Mtl is connected to the bC2 terminal of rank 2 of the capacitance arm 110; the third bt3 terminal of the first terminal module Mtl is connected to the bC3 terminal of rank 3 of the capacitance arm 110. Notably, the fourth connection terminal bt4 of the first terminal module Mtl is left free.For the second terminal module Mt2, the second bt2 terminal of the second terminal module Mt2 is connected to the bCs terminal of rank 5 of the capacitance arm 110; the third bt3 terminal of the second terminal module Mt2 is connected to the bC6 terminal of rank 6 of the capacitance arm 110; the fourth bt4 terminal of the second terminal module Mt2 is connected to the bC7 terminal of rank 7 of the capacitance arm 110. Notably, the first btl connection terminal of the second terminal module Mt2 is left free.

[0038] The arrangement of the switches and inductors of the generic modules and the terminal modules Mtl, Mt2 and the capacitors C1-C6 makes it possible to convert a voltage delivered by the voltage sources PV1-PV6 into a supply voltage Vbus of a load R, for example a battery, connected between the first end 110a and the second end 110b of the arm of capacitors 110. In particular, this arrangement forms a power converter, in particular a voltage boost converter which makes it possible to deliver at the output a higher voltage than that of the voltage sources PV1-PV6.

[0039] In particular, the power supply system 100 allows a voltage Vc to be delivered across each capacitor C1-C6, which is 2 to 3 times lower than the voltage VHv delivered by each voltage source PV1-PV6. Thus, in a generic module Mgi, the voltage between the ends of a switch arm Tgi is two to three times lower than the voltage delivered by the voltage source PVi. Therefore, the voltages across the switches are lower than those of the switches in a prior art circuit where a single voltage source, equivalent to the voltage sources PV1-PV6, would be connected to a single switch arm. The power supply system 100 allows the switches to be operated with voltages two to three times lower, thereby reducing losses in the circuit.

[0040] In particular, the switch arms Tgi, Ttl, Tt2 of the generic modules Mgi and the terminal modules Mtl, Mt2 are controlled so that the capacities C1-C6 have the same voltage Vc across their terminals. This allows control of the voltages applied to the switches of the arms Tgi, Ttl, Tt2 and therefore the use of low voltage, inexpensive and efficient switches.

[0041] In particular, the voltage sources PV1-PV6 of the generic Mgi modules and the terminal modules Mtl and Mt2 are configured to deliver the same voltage value VHV. Specifically, the inductances Lgi of the generic Mgi modules have the same value. This further improves the stability of the power supply system and standardizes the use of the generic Mgi modules.

[0042] Due to the connections of the terminal modules Mtl, Mt2 with the capacitor arm 110, the connection of the second ends of the branches Bgi of the generic modules Mgi with the capacitor arm 110, and the control of the switch arms Tgi, Ttl, Tt2, the currents passing through the terminals of the capacitor arm 110 are balanced. Thus, the losses in the power supply system 100 are reduced compared to the prior art.

[0043] In the context of the present application, the currents of a node, in particular of a terminal of the capacitance arm, are balanced when the algebraic sum of the currents passing through the node is zero.

[0044] In particular, for each branch Bgi of a generic module Mgi, a second end of the Bgi branch is connected such that the currents passing through the terminals of the capacitance arm 110, in particular the terminals of the capacitance arm of rank i greater than or equal to 4 and less than or equal to 6+2n-2, are balanced by controlling the switch arms Tgi of the generic modules Mgi in a suitable manner. In other words, by connecting the second ends of the electrical branches Bgi of the generic modules Mgi and by controlling the switch arms Tgi of the generic modules Mgi in a suitable manner, a balancing of the currents passing through the terminals of the capacitance arm 110 is achieved, in particular the terminals of the capacitance arm 110 of rank i greater than or equal to 4 and less than or equal to 6+2n-2, that is to say, for the first example 100 of a power supply system, for the terminal bC4 of rank i equal to 4.

[0045] In particular, the second end of the Bgi branch of a generic Mgi module designates the end of the Bgi branch that is at a distance from the first end of the Bgi branch. In other words, the second end of the Bgi branch designates the end of the Bgi branch that is not connected to the midpoint of the switch arm Tgi.

[0046] The first example 100 is according to a first embodiment in which the second ends of the branches Bgi of the generic modules Mgi are connected as follows. With respect to the capacities Ci of rank i, i ranging from 2 to 6+2n-1, for first capacities Ci of odd rank i, the second end of the branch Bgi of the respective generic module Mgi is connected to the terminal bCi_2 of rank i-2 of the arm of capacities; and for second capacities Ci of even rank i, the second end of the branch Bgi of the respective generic module Mgi is connected to the terminal ba+s of rank i+3 of the capacitance arm 110.

[0047] In particular, in the first example 100, in relation to the C2-C5 capacities of ranks from 2 to 5, for the first C3 capacity of rank 3, the second end of the Bg3 branch of the corresponding generic module is connected to the bCi terminal of rank 1; for the first C5 capacity of rank 5, the second end of the Bg5 branch of the corresponding generic module is connected to the bc 3 terminal of rank 3; and, for the second C2 capacity of rank 2, the second end of the Bg2 branch of the corresponding generic module is connected to the bc 5 terminal of rank 5; for the second C4 capacity of rank 4, the second end of the Bg4 branch of the corresponding generic module is connected to the bc 7 terminal of rank 7.

[0048] With this connection of the second ends of the branches Bgi of the generic modules Mgi and by controlling the switch arms Tgi of the generic modules Mgi in an appropriate manner, a balancing of the currents passing through the terminal bC4 of rank i equal to 4 is obtained.

[0049] In particular, the switch arms Tgi of the generic modules Mgi are configured to be controlled in a complementary manner. That is, in each switch arm Tgi, a first switch on one side of the midpoint is controlled with a duty cycle d and a second switch on the other side of the midpoint is controlled with a duty cycle 1-d. In particular, the complementary control of a switch arm Tgi of a generic module Mgi corresponds to the polarity of the voltage source PVi in the Bgi branch of the generic module Mgi. Specifically, two successive Tgi arms are configured to be controlled with opposite complementarities. That is, two switch arms Tgi, Tgi+1, corresponding respectively to successive capacitors Ci, Ci+1 from the first end 110a to the second end 110b of the capacitor arm, are controlled with opposite complementarities.

[0050] This will be better understood by referring to [Fig. 4], which partially illustrates a variant in which the capacitance voltages are equal to the same value Vc and the voltage sources deliver the same voltage value VHv. In particular, the voltage sources have the same characteristics and deliver an identical current I. Specifically, the switch arms Tgi of the generic modules Mgi are controlled with the same duty cycle d.

[0051] In particular, in the power supply system 100, in the arm Tg2 corresponding to the capacitance C2 of rank 2, the lower switch is controlled with a duty cycle d and the upper switch is controlled with a duty cycle 1-d. In the arm Tg3 corresponding to the capacitance C3 of rank 3, the switches are controlled with a complementarity that is opposite to the complementarity of the arm of switches Tg2 corresponding to the capacitance C2 of rank 2. In other words, in the arm Tg3, the bottom switch is controlled with a duty cycle 1-d and the top switch is controlled with a duty cycle d.

[0052] Thus, in steady state, in each generic module Mgi, the voltage source PVi delivers an average current dl through the switch controlled with duty cycle d, and an average current (ld)I through the other switch controlled with duty cycle (1-d). The connections at the second ends of the switch arms Tgi and the opposing complementarities of the switch arms Tgi allow the currents passing through the 4th-order terminal bc 4 to be balanced. This terminal receives a current dl and delivers a current dl.

[0053] In the absence of the terminal modules Mtl, Mt2, the currents passing through the terminals of rank 2, 3 and 5, 6 are not balanced. In particular, in steady state, the bc2 terminal of rank 2 delivers a current dl; the bc3 terminal of rank 3 delivers a current I; the bc5 terminal of rank 5 receives a current I; and the bc6 terminal of rank 6 receives a current dl.

[0054] In particular, thanks to the connections of the first terminal module Mtl and the second terminal module Mt2 with respectively the first terminals of rank 1,2,3 and the last terminals of rank 6+2n-l, 6+2n, 6+2n+l of the capacitance arm 110, and an appropriate control of the switch arms Ttl, Tt2 of the terminal modules Mtl, Mt2, the currents at the terminals of rank 1, 2, 3 and 6+2n-l, 6+2n, 6+2n+l of the capacitance arm 110 are balanced.

[0055] In particular, in the first example 100, the average currents arriving at the terminals bC2, bC3 of rank 2 and 3 cancel each other out because the currents respectively drawn by the switch arms Tg2, Tg3 of the generic modules corresponding to the capacitances C2, C3 of rank 2 and 3 are respectively compensated by those injected by the switch arms Ttl, Tt2 of the first terminal module Mtl. Similarly, the average currents arriving at the terminals bCs, bC6 of rank 5 and 6 cancel each other out because the currents respectively drawn by the switch arms Tg4, Tg5 of the generic modules corresponding to the capacitances C4, C5 of rank 4 and 5 are respectively compensated by those injected by the switch arms Ttl, Tt2 of the second terminal module Mt2. Canceling these average currents prevents the divergence of voltages across the terminals of the capacitances Cl, C2 of rank 1 and 2, and across the terminals of the capacitances C5, C6 of rank 5 and 6.This allows the system to operate sustainably, thus preserving the voltage reduction switched by the Tgi switch arms of the generic Mgi modules and improving the ratio between processed power (power delivered by the power supply system 100) and installed power (power seen by the Tgi switch arms of the generic modules) compared to the prior art. Thus, . In the first example 100, the first terminal module Mtl balances the currents passing through the terminals of rank 1, 2, 3; and the second terminal module Mt2 balances the currents passing through the terminals of rank 5, 6, 7, as will be described in relation to [Fig.5].

[0056] In particular, the switch arms Ttl, Tt2 of the terminal modules Mtl, Mt2 are configured to be controlled in a complementary manner. That is to say, in each switch arm Ttl, Tt2, a first switch on one side of the midpoint is controlled with a duty cycle dh d2 and a second switch on the other side of the midpoint is controlled with a duty cycle l-db l-d2. In particular, the Ttl, Tt2 arms of the first terminal module Mtl are configured to be controlled with a complementarity opposite to that of the Tg2 arm of the generic module Mg2 corresponding to the capacitance C2 of rank 2; and the Ttl, Tt2 arms of the second terminal module Mt2 are configured to be controlled with a complementarity opposite to that of the Tg6+2n-l arm of the generic module Mg6+2n-l corresponding to the capacitance C6+2n-l of rank 6+2n-l.In particular, in the first example 100, the arms Ttl, Tt2 of the second terminal module Mt2 are configured to be controlled with a complementarity opposite to that of the arm Tg5 of the generic module Mg5 corresponding to the C5 rank 5 capability.

[0057] Thus, the arms Ttl, Tt2 of the first terminal module Mtl are in particular configured to be controlled with a complementarity opposite to that of the arms Ttl, Tt2 of the second terminal module Mt2.

[0058] In particular, in steady state, each voltage source PVi of the generic modules Mgi delivers a voltage (2+d)Vc, where d is the duty cycle of the switch arms Tgi of the generic modules and Vc is the voltage across each capacitor.

[0059] In particular, the voltage sources of the power supply system 100 delivering the same voltage VHv, the voltage sources PVI, PV6 of the first terminal module Mtl and of the second terminal module Mt2 also each deliver a voltage VHv equal to (2+d)Vc.

[0060] In particular, in the first terminal module Mtl, in steady state, the voltage VLVi at the midpoint of the first arm Tü is equal to the voltage Vc across the first-order capacitor Cl. It follows that the duty cycle di of the first switch arm Ttl of the terminal module Mtl is determined as follows: , Frvi 1 . And the voltage VLv 2 at the midpoint of the second arm Tt2 is equal to a 1 ~ ~ 2+J The voltage is 2Vc between terminal bCi (position 1) and terminal bc3 (position 3). It follows that the duty cycle d2 of the second switch arm Tt2 of the first terminal module Mtl is determined as follows: s _ vlvi__2_. a2 ~ VHV “ 2+d

[0061] By controlling the first switch arm Ttl and the second switch arm Tt2 with duty cycles dH d2, the voltage VLVi delivered by the first arm Ttl of the first terminal module is equal to the voltage Vc and the voltage VLv2 delivered by the second arm Tt2 of the first terminal module is equal to the voltage 2Vc. Furthermore, the currents through the second-order terminal bC2 and the third-order terminal bC3 are balanced.

[0062] This balancing is achieved with a voltage source PV1 of the first terminal module Mtl carrying the same current I flowing in the voltage sources PV2-PV5 of the generic modules. Indeed, the current iLVi flowing in the branch connected to the first arm Ttl is equal to dl. At the third-order terminal bC3, the currents injected by the switch arms Tg2, Tg3 corresponding to the second- and third-order capacitors C2, C3, and C3 compensate each other. The current I flowing through the voltage source PV5 of the generic module Mg5 corresponding to the fifth-order capacitor C5 must be compensated by the current iLV2 flowing in the branch connected to the second arm Tt2 of the first terminal module Mtl. The current iLV2 flowing in the branch connected to the second arm Tt2 is therefore equal to I.Given that iHvi is the current in the top switch of the first arm of switches Ttl and iHV2 is the current in the top switch of the second arm of switches Tt2, we have the following relationships: . [Math.3] Îhvi ~ ^i- Q,vi[Math.4] hlVZ = ^2- rLV2

[0063] It follows that the current iHv delivered by the voltage source PV 1 of the first terminal module Mtl is equal to the current I delivered by each voltage source PV2-PV5 of the generic modules Mgi: [Math.5] 1? ^HV~^HVÏ + ^HV2~ 2Ïd-dI+ ^1-1

[0064] The preceding explanation applies similarly to the second terminal module Mt2. In particular, in the second terminal module Mt2, the duty cycles dH and d2 are applied with a complementarity opposite to that of the first terminal module Mtl. Specifically, the voltage VLVi delivered by the first arm Ttl of the second terminal module Mt2 is equal to the voltage Vc, and the voltage VLv2 delivered by the second arm Tt2 of the second terminal module Mt2 is equal to the voltage 2Vc. Furthermore, the currents through the 5th-order terminal bCs and the 6th-order terminal bC6 are balanced. This balancing is achieved with a voltage source PV6 of the second terminal module Mt2, traversed by the same current I flowing in the voltage sources PV2-PV5 of the generic modules.

[0065] A second example 200 of a power supply system according to the first embodiment of the invention is illustrated in [Fig. 6]. The second example 200 is identical to the first example 100, except that the capacitor arm 210 comprises 6+2n capacitors, where n is equal to 1. The capacitor arm 210 therefore comprises 8 capacitors C1-C8. The capacitor arm 210 also comprises nine terminals bcl-bc9. In particular, the second example 200 makes it possible to deliver a higher voltage than the first example 100. Specifically, from the voltage sources PV1-PV8, the second example 200 makes it possible to deliver a voltage of 8Vp, where Vc is the voltage across a capacitor in the capacitor arm 210.

[0066] A third example 300 of an electrical power supply system according to a second embodiment of the invention is illustrated in [Fig.7].

[0067] This second embodiment differs from the first in the way in which the second ends of the Bgi branches of the generic Mgi modules are connected, and in the number of capacities of the capacitance arm 310 which is greater than or equal to 8. In this second embodiment, the capacitance arm 310 comprises 6+2n capacities, n being greater than or equal to 1.

[0068] In what follows, the connections of the second ends of the Bgi branches of the generic Mgi modules will be described.

[0069] For a first capacitance C3 of rank 3, the second end of the branch Bg3, of the corresponding generic module is connected to the terminal bCi of rank 1 of the capacitance arm 310. For a first capacitance C5 of rank 5, the second end of the branch Bg5 of the corresponding generic module is connected to the terminal bc 3 of rank 3 of the capacitance arm 310.

[0070] For a second capacitance of rank 6+2n-2, the second end of the Bg6+2n 2 branch of the generic module is connected to the bC6+2n +1 terminal of rank 6+2n+1 of the capacitance arm 310; and for a second capacitance of rank 6+2n-4, the second end of the Bg6+2n 4 branch of the generic module is connected to the 6+2n-1 terminal of the capacitance arm. Thus, in the third example 300, for the second capacitance C6 of rank 6, the second end of the Bg6 branch of the generic module is connected to the bc 9 terminal of rank 9 of the capacitance arm 310; and for the second capacitance C4 of rank 4, the second end of the Bg4 branch of the generic module is connected to the bc7 terminal of rank 7 of the capacitance arm 310.

[0071] For third capacities Ci, Ci+5 of rank i and i+5, the second ends of the branches Bgi, Bgi+5 of the respective generic modules are connected together to form a single branch. In particular, the third Capacities Ci are determined by going from the first endpoint 310a to the second endpoint 310b, i being different from 3, 5, 6+2n-2 and 6+2n-4. Thus, in the third example 300, for third capacities C2, C7 of rank 2 and rank 7, the second ends of the branches Bg2, Bg7 of the respective generic modules are connected together in such a way as to form a single branch.

[0072] In particular, by comparing [Fig. 6] illustrating the second example 200 and [Fig. 7] illustrating the third example 300, it is noted that the difference between the two circuits lies in the fact that the connection between branch Bg2 of the generic module corresponding to the capacitance C2 of rank 2 and terminal bC5 of rank 5 is removed, and similarly the connection between branch Bg7 of the generic module corresponding to the capacitance C7 and terminal bC5 of rank 5 is removed. However, branches Bg2 and Bg7 remain connected to each other so as to form a single branch.

[0073] In the second embodiment, the branches Bg1, Bg2+5 of rank i and i+5 are connected together to form a single branch, i.e., without a connection at the terminal bc1 of rank i+3. This allows independent control of the potential across the branch formed by the branches Bg1, Bg1+5. Thus, during operation, the switch arms Tg1, Tg1+5 corresponding to the capacitance Ci of rank i and the capacitance Ci+5 of rank i+5 can be phase-shifted relative to each other. Furthermore, thanks to the other switch arms, reduced current ripple at the output of the power supply system 300 can be achieved. In particular, a phase shift of 180° allows for optimal reduction of current ripple.

[0074] Moreover, this second embodiment has the advantages already described in relation to the first embodiment.

[0075] In other examples of power supply systems according to the invention, the second ends of the Bgi branches of the generic modules can be connected differently from the connections described in the first and second embodiments, provided that in this way a balancing of the currents flowing in the terminals of the arm of capacities 110, 210, 310 can be obtained.

[0076] In particular, according to a first variant common to the first and second embodiments, the voltage sources are each an individual voltage source. Thus, in the first example 100 of a power supply system, the voltage sources PV1-PV6 can each be an individual voltage source. The same applies to the voltage sources PV1-PV8 in the second example 200, or to the voltage sources PV1-PV8 in the third example 300. For example, the voltage sources can be photovoltaic panels, fuel cells, electrolyzers, or batteries, including rechargeable batteries.

[0077] According to a second variant common to the first and second embodiments, the voltage sources are each a cell of the same voltage source. Thus, in the first example 100 of the power supply system, the voltage sources PV1-PV6 can each be a cell of the same voltage source. The same applies to the voltage sources PV1-PV8 in the second example 200, or to the voltage sources PV1-PV8 in the third example 300. In other words, in this variant, the power supply system 100, 200, 300 uses a single voltage source that comprises several cells. In particular, the cells have identical voltages. The cells can belong to the same photovoltaic panel, the same fuel cell, the same electrolyzer, or the same battery, including a rechargeable battery.By providing one switch arm per cell of the voltage source, the voltage seen by the switches can be reduced compared to a prior art in which all the cells of the voltage source are connected to the same switch arm.

[0078] In particular, by connecting the second ends of the Bgi branches, from the first end 110a, 210a, 310a to the second end 110b, 210b, 310b, if the second end of a Bgi branch of a generic Mgi module is already connected, then we move on to the generic Mgi+1 module of the next capacity Ci+1.

[0079] The value of n, on which the number of capacitances depends, is in particular a function of the power of the voltage sources and the desired output voltage of the power supply system 100, 200, 300.

[0080] The switches of the power supply system 100, 200, 300 can be bidirectional, so that the system circuit is reversible. Thus, when the voltage sources are rechargeable battery cells, they can be charged from a voltage delivered between the first end 110a, 210a, 310a and the second end 110b, 210b, 310b of the capacitance arm 110, 210, 310.

[0081] Each switch arm Tgi, Ttl, T2 could include one switch in the form of a transistor and one switch in the form of a diode. This may be the case when the voltage sources of the power supply system 100, 200, 300 cannot be recharged from the capacitance arm 110, 210, 310, for example, when the voltage sources are photovoltaic panels or photovoltaic panel cells. [Fig. 8] illustrates an example of a generic module Mgi in which the switch arm Tgi includes a diode and a transistor. The transistor in the Tgi arm may lack an intrinsic parallel diode. The generic module example in [Fig. 8] is otherwise identical to that shown in [Fig. 2]. [Fig. 9] illustrates an example of a terminal module Mt in which each switch arm Ttl, Tt2 includes a diode and a transistor. The transistor in each arm Ttl, Tt2 may be devoid of an intrinsic parallel diode. The terminal module example in [Fig.9] is otherwise identical to that illustrated in [Fig.3].

[0082] The power supply system according to the invention can be used in various applications where the voltage delivered by a plurality of voltage sources, particularly by cells from the same source, must be increased to reach a voltage range sufficient to power a load. For example, the power supply system can be used in an electrolyzer for the electrical generation of hydrogen, particularly in a high-power context, such as 1 MW or 10 to 100 MW. The power supply system can be used for generating electrical power from a fuel cell, photovoltaic panels, or other renewable energy sources. The power supply system can be used for charging batteries, for example, a few watts in portable electronics, or approximately 1 kW for, in particular, electric bicycles, or even 10 to 100 kW for, in particular, electric vehicles.The power supply system can also be used in LED installations for lighting, preferably high-power lighting for a monument, a show, a stadium, or other.

Claims

1. Demands Power supply system (100, 200, 300) configured to deliver a DC voltage (Vbus) from a first end (110a, 210a, 310a) and a second end (110b, 210b, 310b) of a capacitor arm (110, 210, 310) comprising 6+2n capacitors, n being a natural number, said capacitor arm being such that, from its first end to its second end, each capacitor of rank ia has a first terminal (ba) forming a terminal of rank i of the capacitor arm, and a second terminal (ba +i) forming a terminal of rank i+1 of the capacitor arm, i being a natural number between 1 and 6+2n, said power supply system further comprising: for each capacitance Ci of rank i from 2 to 6+2n-1, a respective generic module (Mgi), each generic module comprising a switch arm (Tgi) whose ends are connected to the terminals (bCi) of the rank i capacitance, a branch (Bgi) comprising a DC voltage source (PVi) and an inductor (Lgi) in series, a first end of the branch (Bgi) being connected to the midpoint of the switch arm (Tgi), a first and a second terminal module (Mtl, Mt2), each terminal module (Mt) comprising a voltage source (PV), a first switch arm (Ttl) and a second switch arm (Tt2), the midpoints of the first and second arms being connected to a first, respectively, second branch comprising a respective inductor (Ltl, Lt2), a negative terminal of the voltage source (PV), a first end of the first arm (Ttl),a first end of the second arm (Tt2) being connected so as to form a first connection terminal (btl) of the terminal module, the free end of the first, respectively second, branch forming a second (bt2), respectively third (bt3), connection terminal of the terminal module, a positive terminal of the voltage source (PV), a second end of the first arm (Ttl) and a second end of the second arm (Tt2) forming a fourth connection terminal (bt4) of the terminal module, the first (btl), second (bt2) and third (bt3) terminals of the first terminal module (Mtl) being respectively connected to the (bc i, bc 2, bc 3) terminals of rank 1, 2, 3 of the capacitance arm, the second (bt2), third (bt3) and fourth (bt4) terminals of the second terminal module (Mt2) being respectively connected to the 6+2n-l, 6+2n, 6+2n+l terminals of the capacitance arm, second ends of the branches (Tgi) of the generic modules (Mgi) being connected and the switch arms (Tgi, Ttl, Tt2) being controlled, so that the currents passing through the terminals of the capacitance arm are balanced.

2. Power supply system (100, 200, 300) according to claim 1, wherein the switch arms (Tgi, Ttl, Tt2) are controlled so that the voltages of the capacitors are equal.

3. Power supply system (100, 200, 300) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the switch arms (Tgi) of the generic modules (Mgi) are configured to be controlled in a complementary manner, two successive switch arms being configured to be controlled with opposite complementarities.

4. Power supply system (100, 200, 300) according to claim 3, wherein the switch arms (Ttl, Tt2) of the terminal modules (Mtl, Mt2) are configured to be controlled in a complementary manner, the switch arms (Ttl, Tt2) of the first terminal module (Mtl) being configured to be controlled with a complementarity opposite to that of the switch arm (Tg2) of the generic module (Mg2) corresponding to the rank 2 capacitance, and the switch arms (Ttl, Tt2) of the second terminal module (Mt2) being configured to be controlled with a complementarity opposite to that of the switch arm of the generic module corresponding to the rank 6+2n-l capacitance.

5. Power supply system (100, 200, 300) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the voltage sources are configured to deliver the same voltage value, and / or the inductances of the generic modules (Mgi) have the same value.

6. Power supply system (100, 200, 300) according to any one of the preceding claims, the switch arms (Tgi) of the generic modules (Mgi) being configured to be controlled with the same duty cycle d.

7. Power supply system (100, 200, 300) according to the preceding claim, wherein, in each terminal module (Mt1, Mt2), the first switch arm (Tt1) is controlled with a first duty cycle di and the second switch arm (Tt2) is controlled with a second duty cycle d2, such that: [Math.6] and d2 = ^

8. Power supply system (100, 200, 300) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the voltage sources are each a cell of the same voltage source.

9. Power supply system (100, 200, 300) according to the preceding claim, wherein the voltage sources are cells from the same photovoltaic panel or from the same fuel cell or from the same electrolyzer or from the same battery.

10. Power supply system (100, 200) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, for i from 2 to 6+2n-1, for first capacitances (Ci) of odd rank i, the second end of the branch (Bgi) of the respective generic module (Mgi) is connected to the i-2 terminal of the capacitance arm (110, 210); and for second capacitances (Ci) of even rank i, the second end of the branch (Bgi) of the respective generic module (Mgi) is connected to the i+3 terminal of the capacitance arm (110, 210).

11. Power supply system (300) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein, for n greater than or equal to 1, for first capacitances (Ci) of rank 3, respectively of rank 5, the second end of the branch (Bgi) of the respective generic module (Mgi) is connected to the terminal of rank 1, respectively of rank 3, of the capacitance arm (310); and for second capacitances of rank 6+2n-2, respectively 6+2n-4, the second end of the branch of the respective generic module is connected to the terminal of rank 6+2n+1, respectively 6+2n-1, of the capacitance arm (310), for third capacities of rank i and rank i+5, the second ends of the branches of the respective generic modules are connected together so as to form a single branch.

12. Power supply system (300) according to the preceding claim, wherein, for each pair of third rank i and rank i+5 capacitances, the switch arms of the generic modules are configured to be out of phase with each other, preferably by 180°.

13. Method of supplying an electrical installation from 6+2n voltage sources, said method comprising the use of an electrical supply system (100, 200, 300) according to any one of the preceding claims, a first part of the voltage sources forming the voltage sources belonging to the arms (Tgi) of the generic modules (Mgi); and a second part of the voltage sources forming the voltage sources belonging to the first terminal module (Mtl) and the second terminal module (Mt2), the electrical installation being connected between the first end (110a, 210a, 310a) and the second end (110b, 210b, 310b) of the capacitance arm (110, 210, 310).

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