Power supply system

Abstract

The invention relates to a power supply system configured to deliver a DC voltage from a first end and a second end of a capacitor arm. This capacitor arm comprises 4+2n capacitors, where n is a natural number, each capacitor being connected to the ends of a respective switch arm. The power supply system is such that, from the first end of the capacitor arm to the second end of the capacitor arm, where i is a natural number between 1 and 4+2n: for first capacitors with ranks i=2 and i=4+2n-1 respectively, the midpoint of the corresponding switch arm is connected to a first branch comprising a first DC voltage source configured to deliver a voltage having a first value V and a first inductor in series, the first branch being connected to the first end of the capacitor arm, and to the second end respectively.of the capacitance arm; for second capacitances having an odd rank i other than 4+2n-1, the midpoint of the switch arm corresponding to the capacitance of rank i and the midpoint of the switch arm corresponding to the capacitance of rank i+3 are connected by a second branch comprising a second DC voltage source configured to deliver a voltage having a value of 2 x V and a second inductance in series.

Description

Title of the invention: Power supply system Technical field and technological background

[0001] The present invention relates to a power supply system and a power supply method using the power supply system according to the invention. In particular, the invention is in the field of power electronics, especially that of partial power converters.

[0002] It is known to supply an electrical load from a voltage source having a voltage lower than the load's voltage. For this purpose, a step-up voltage converter is used, which increases the voltage supplied by the voltage source to a voltage suitable for the electrical load. In particular, for renewable energy sources, the step-up voltage converter makes it possible to compensate for voltage fluctuations related to the variability of the energy sources. For example, the voltage supplied by a photovoltaic panel depends on the amount of sunlight.

[0003] US patent application publication US2011 / 0188276 A1 describes a power supply system in which a plurality of DC voltage sources use different switches of the same boost converter to supply power to the electrical load. This power supply system configuration allows the voltages delivered across the switches to be lower than those of the switches in a configuration where a single voltage source, equivalent to the plurality of equivalent voltages, is used. This power supply system allows the switches to be operated at half the voltages, thereby reducing losses in the boost converter.

[0004] However, with the development of electrification, it is essential to improve the efficiency of electrical power supply systems.

[0005] It is therefore sought a power supply system which makes it possible to further reduce losses in a power supply system. Summary of the invention

[0006] To this end, the invention proposes a power supply system configured to deliver a direct current voltage from a first end and a second end of a capacitor arm: said capacitance arm comprising 4+2n capacitances, n being a natural number, each capacitance being connected to the ends of a respective switch arm, said power supply system being such that, from the first end of the capacitance arm to the second end of the capacitance arm, i being a natural number between 1 and 4+2n: for first capacitances having rank i=2, respectively i=4+2n-l, the midpoint of the corresponding switch arm is connected to a first branch comprising a first DC voltage source configured to deliver a voltage having a first value V and a first inductance in series, the first branch being further connected to the first end of the capacitance arm, respectively to the second end of the capacitance arm; for second capacitances having an odd rank i other than 4+2n-l, the midpoint of the switch arm corresponding to the rank i capacitance and the midpoint of the switch arm corresponding to the rank i+3 capacitance are connected by a second branch comprising a second DC voltage source configured to deliver a voltage having a value of 2 x V and a second inductance in series.

[0007] By connecting the second branch between the midpoint of the switch arm corresponding to the capacitance of rank i and the midpoint of the arm corresponding to the capacitance of rank i+3 and thanks to the first branches, it becomes possible to improve the efficiency of the power supply system compared to the prior art and in particular to obtain reduced current ripples at the output of the power supply system compared to the prior art and / or to reduce the size of the power supply system compared to the prior art.

[0008] According to one embodiment, for each pair of second capacitances of rank i and rank i+3, the switch arm corresponding to the capacitance of rank i and the switch arm corresponding to the capacitance of rank i+3 are configured to be out of phase with respect to each other.

[0009] According to one variant, the switch arm corresponding to the first capacitance of rank i=2 and the switch arm corresponding to the first capacitance of rank i=4+2n-l are configured to be out of phase with respect to each other.

[0010] According to one variant, the phase shift(s) are 180°.

[0011] According to one embodiment, for all second capacities, the switch arms corresponding to the rank i capacities are configured to be in phase, and the switch arms corresponding to the rank i+3 capacities are configured to be in phase.

[0012] According to one variant:

[0013] for the first capacitance of rank i=2, the corresponding switch arm is in phase with the switch arms corresponding to the second capacitances of rank i, and

[0014] for the first capacitance of rank i=4+2n-l, the corresponding switch arm is in phase with the switch arms corresponding to the second capacitances of rank i +3.

[0015] According to one embodiment, the first inductances have the same value L, and the second inductances have the same value between L / 2 and 2L.

[0016] According to one variant, each second inductance comprises two inductances in series, each having the same value between L / 4 and L.

[0017] According to one embodiment, each second voltage source comprises two voltage sources in series, each configured to deliver a voltage equal to that of the first voltage sources.

[0018] According to one embodiment, the first voltage sources are each a cell of the same voltage source, the second voltage source(s) being formed by two cells in series.

[0019] According to one variant, the first and second voltage sources are cells of the same photovoltaic panel or of the same fuel cell or of the same electrolyzer or of the same battery.

[0020] According to one embodiment, the switch arms are configured to be controlled in a complementary manner, two successive switch arms being configured to be controlled with opposite complementarities.

[0021] According to one embodiment, the switch arms corresponding to the first capacities are configured to be controlled in a complementary manner, the switch arm corresponding to the first capacity of rank i=2 being configured to be controlled with a complementarity opposite to that of the switch arm corresponding to the first capacity of rank i=4+2n-l.

[0022] According to one embodiment, the switch arms corresponding to the second capacities are configured to be controlled in a complementary manner, the switch arm corresponding to the second capacity of rank i being configured to be controlled with a complementarity opposite to that of the switch arm corresponding to the second capacity of rank i+3.

[0023] The invention further relates to a method of supplying an electrical installation from voltage sources configured to deliver a voltage V each, said method comprising the use of an electrical supply system according to the invention, the voltage sources belonging to the first and second arms of the converter, the electrical installation being connected between the first and second ends of the capacitance arm. Brief description of the figures

[0024] The following description, with reference to the accompanying drawings, given by way of non-limiting examples, will clearly explain what the invention consists of and how it can be implemented. In the accompanying figures:

[0025] [Fig-1] [Fig. 1] represents a first example of an electrical power supply system according to the invention;

[0026] [Fig.2] [Fig.2] represents a variant of the first example of an electrical power supply system;

[0027] [Fig.3] [Fig.3] represents an electrical power supply system not forming part of the invention;

[0028] [Fig.4] [Fig.4] represents a duty cycle, voltages and currents acquired during operation of the power supply system of [Fig.2];

[0029] [Fig.5] [Fig.5] represents a duty cycle, voltages and currents acquired during operation of the power supply system of [Fig.3];

[0030] [Fig.6] [Fig.6] represents a second example of an electrical power supply system according to the invention;

[0031] [Fig.7] [Fig.7] represents a third example of an electrical power supply system according to the invention. Detailed description

[0032] A first example 100 of an electrical power supply system according to the invention will be described with reference to [Fig.1].

[0033] The power supply system 100 includes a capacitance arm 110. In particular, within the context of this application, an "arm" of electronic components means a series of electronic components of the same type, connected one after the other, without excluding the possibility that some or all of them may also be connected to other components outside the arm. Specifically, an end of the arm means an extreme electrical terminal of the arm. The power supply system 100 is configured to deliver a DC voltage Vbus between a first end 110a and a second end 110b of the capacitance arm 110.

[0034] According to the invention, the capacitance arm 110 comprises 4+2n capacities, n being a natural number. In other words, n can take one of the integer values ​​0, 1, 2, 3.... In example 100 illustrated in [Fig. 1], n is equal to 0: the capacitance arm 110 therefore comprises 4 capacities C1, C2, C3, C4.

[0035] A switch arm T1, T2, T3, T4, respectively, is connected to the terminals of each capacitor C1-C4. In particular, each switch arm T1-T4 comprises two switches. The switches are, for example, transistors, such as field-effect transistors, in particular those comprising an intrinsic parallel diode.

[0036] The midpoint of each switch arm T1-T4 is connected to an electrical branch. The connections of the midpoints of the switch arms T1-T4 will be described, considering the capacitances Ci from the first end 110a of the capacitance arm 110 to the second end 110b of the capacitance arm 110, i being a natural number between 1 and 4+2n, that is, for the first example 100, between 1 and 4.

[0037] For first capacities C2, C3 having rank i=2 and i= 4+2n-l, that is to say for the first example 100, i=2 and i=3, the midpoint of the switch arm T2, T3 is connected to a first branch B2, B3. The first branch B2, corresponding to the first second-order capacitor C2, is connected to the first end 110a of the capacitor arm 110. The first branch B3, corresponding to the third capacitor C3, is connected to the second end 110b of the capacitor arm 110. In other words, each first branch B2, B3 has one end connected to the midpoint of the corresponding switch arm and its other end connected to either the first end 110a or the second end 110b of the capacitor arm 110. Furthermore, each first branch B2, B3 includes a first DC voltage source PV2, PV3 configured to deliver a voltage of value V and a first inductor L2, L3.In each first branch B2, B3, the first voltage source PV2, PV3 is in series with the first inductance L2, L3.

[0038] For second capacitors having an odd rank i, other than 4+2n-1, a respective second branch B14 connects the midpoint of the switch arm T1 corresponding to the capacitance of rank i with the midpoint of the switch arm T4 corresponding to the capacitance of rank i+3. In particular, a single second branch B14 connects the midpoint of the switch arm T1 corresponding to the capacitance of rank i with the midpoint of the switch arm T4 corresponding to the capacitance of rank i+3. That is to say, in the first example 100, a second capacitor Cl has an odd rank i=l, a second branch B14 connects the midpoint of the switch arm T1 corresponding to the capacitance Cl of rank i=l with the midpoint of the switch arm T4 corresponding to the capacitance of rank i+3=4. The second branch B14 includes a second DC voltage source PV14 configured to deliver a voltage of value 2 x V and a second inductor L14.The second voltage source PV14 is in series with the second inductor L14.

[0039] The size of the second inductor L14 can be reduced at the expense of ripple reduction, thereby reducing the overall size of the power supply system 100. In particular, the first inductors L2 and L3 have the same value L; and the second inductor L14 has a value between L / 2 and 2L. Specifically, with a value of 2L, the second inductor L14 reduces current ripple, particularly by a factor of 4; and with a value of L / 2, the second inductor does not reduce current ripple but is smaller, thus improving the efficiency of the power supply system 100. Intermediate values ​​between L / 2 and 2L allow for a compromise between ripple reduction and the size of the second inductor L14.

[0040] The second inductance L14 may be a single inductance. Alternatively, the second inductance L14 may be formed by two inductances L1, L4 in series, each having a value between L / 4 and L.

[0041] The arrangement of the switches, the capacitors C1-C4 and the inductors L2, L3, L14 makes it possible to convert a voltage delivered by the first voltage sources PV2, PV3 and the second voltage source PV14 into a supply voltage for a load, for example a battery, connected between the first end 110a and the second end 110b of the capacitance arm 110. In particular, this arrangement forms a power converter, in particular a voltage boost converter which makes it possible to deliver at the output a higher voltage than that of the first PV2, PV3 and second PV14 voltage sources.

[0042] The arrangement of the switches, capacitors C1-C4, and inductors L2, L3, L14 allows the voltages across the switches to be lower than those of the switches in a prior art circuit where a single voltage source, equivalent to the first voltage sources PV2, PV3, and the second voltage source PV14, is connected to a single switch arm. The power supply system 100 allows the switches to be operated with voltages half as high, thereby reducing losses in the circuit.

[0043] In particular, the switch arms T1-T4 are controlled so that the capacitors C1-C4 have the same voltage Vc across their terminals. The first example 100 of a power supply system then makes it possible to deliver a voltage Vbus equal to 4Vc. Specifically, the power supply system 100 makes it possible to deliver the same voltage Vc across each capacitor C1-C4, which can be half the voltage V delivered by each first voltage source PV2, PV3. In particular, depending on a duty cycle D controlling the switch arms T1-T4, the voltage Vc across each capacitor C1-C4 takes a value between 1 and 0.5 times the voltage V delivered by each first voltage source PV2, PV3. Thus, the voltage between the ends of each switch arm T1-T4 is between 1 and 0.5 times the voltage V.The voltages across the switches are therefore lower than those of the switches in a prior art circuit where a single voltage source, equivalent to the first voltage sources PV2, PV3 and the second voltage source PV14, is connected to a single switch arm. The 100 power supply system allows the switches to be operated with voltages that can be half as high, thus reducing losses in the circuit.

[0044] By connecting the second branch B14 between the midpoint of the switch arm T1 corresponding to the rank 1 capacitance and the midpoint of the arm T4 corresponding to the rank 4 capacitance, it is possible to independently control the potential at terminals of the second branch B14. Thus, during operation, the switch arms T1, T4 corresponding to the first-order capacitor Cl and the fourth-order capacitor C4 can be phase-shifted relative to each other. And, thanks in addition to the first branches B2, B3, it is possible to obtain current ripples at the output of the power supply system that are reduced compared to the prior art, or to reduce the size of the power supply system compared to the prior art.

[0045] According to a first variant of the first example 100 of a power supply system, the first voltage sources PV2, PV3 and the second voltage source PV14 are each an individual voltage source. For example, they can be photovoltaic panels, fuel cells, electrolyzers, or batteries, including rechargeable batteries.

[0046] According to a second variant of the first example 100 of a power supply system, the first voltage sources PV2, PV3 are each a cell of the same voltage source, and the second voltage source PV14 is formed by two cells PV1, PV4 in series of this voltage source. In other words, the power supply system 100 uses a single voltage source that comprises several cells. In particular, the cells have identical voltages. The cells may belong to the same photovoltaic panel, the same fuel cell, the same electrolyzer, or the same battery, including a rechargeable one. By providing one switch arm per cell of the voltage source, the voltage seen by the switches can be reduced compared to a prior art in which all the cells of the voltage source are connected to the same switch arm.Furthermore, by providing two PV1, PV4 cells in series in the second branch B14 connected between the midpoints of the switch arm T1 corresponding to the rank 1 capacitance Cl and the switch arm T4 corresponding to the rank 4 capacitance C4, the current ripples at the output of system 100 can be reduced compared to the prior art, particularly with constant inductances, especially by adjusting a phase shift between the switch arms T1, T4 corresponding to the rank 1 capacitance Cl and the rank 4 capacitance C4. Thus, by judiciously arranging the cells of the voltage source, the power supply system 100 has improved efficiency compared to the prior art.

[0047] In particular, a 180° phase shift makes it possible to minimize current ripple, especially with constant inductances. This will be better understood by comparing the first example 100 of a power supply system with a power supply system 150 not forming part of the invention (visible in [Fig. 3]).

[0048] Figure 2 illustrates, in a non-limiting manner, the second variant of the first example 100 of a power supply system. As illustrated for example in Figure 2, a phase shift of 180° can be obtained by using two carriers having an angle of 180° between them to adapt the duty cycle D for the switch arm T1 corresponding to the capacitance Cl of rank 1 on the one hand, and for the switch arm T4 corresponding to the capacitance C4 of rank 4 on the other hand.

[0049] Figure 3 represents the power supply system 150, which is not part of the invention. The power supply system 150 is identical to the first example 100, except that the midpoint of the switch arm T1, corresponding to the capacitance Cl of rank i=1, and the midpoint of the switch arm T4, corresponding to the capacitance of rank i+3=4, are connected by two branches B1, B4. One branch B1 comprises an inductor L1 and a cell PV1 of a series voltage source connected to the midpoint of the switch arm T1, corresponding to the capacitance of rank 1. One branch B4 comprises an inductor L4 and a cell PV4 of a series voltage source connected to the midpoint of the switch arm T4, corresponding to the capacitance of rank 4. The two branches B1, B4 are connected to the node to which the capacitance C2 of rank i=2 and the capacitance C3 of rank i=3 are also connected.

[0050] The voltages and currents measured during operation of the first example of power supply system 100 are shown in [Fig.4].

[0051] View a) shows the duty cycles with which the switch arms T1-T4 are controlled. Starting from the bottom of the view, the curves respectively represent the duty cycle of the switch arm T1 corresponding to the rank 1 capacity, the duty cycle of the T2 switch arm corresponding to the rank 2 capacity, the duty cycle of the T3 switch arm corresponding to the rank 3 capacity, the duty cycle of the T4 switch arm corresponding to the rank 4 capability.

[0052] View b) shows the voltage Vbl measured across cell PV1 and the inductance L1 in series associated with the first-order capacitor, and the voltage Vb2 measured across cell PV4 and the inductance L4 in series associated with the fourth-order capacitor. View b) further shows the voltages VI, V2, V3, V4 measured across cells PV1, PV2, PV3, PV4 of the voltage source. The unit of the voltages shown is the volt.

[0053] View c) represents the currents i 14, i2, i3 in Amperes flowing respectively through the second branch B14, the first branch B2 corresponding to the capacitance C2 of rank 2, and the first branch B3 corresponding to the capacitance C3 of rank 3.

[0054] The voltages and currents measured during operation of the power supply system 150 not forming part of the invention are shown in [Fig.5].

[0055] View a) is similar to view a) of [Fig.4], but with different values.

[0056] View b) represents the voltage Val measured across the terminals of cell PV1 and The inductance L1 in series with the first-order capacitor, and the voltage Va4 measured across cell PV4, are shown. Figure b) further shows the voltages VI, V2, V3, and V4 measured across cells PV1, PV2, PV3, and PV4 of the voltage source. The unit of the voltages shown is the volt.

[0057] View c) represents the same currents as view c) of [Fig.4], but with different values.

[0058] As illustrated in view a) of [Fig. 5], the switch arm T1 corresponding to the first-order capacitor and the switch arm T4 corresponding to the fourth-order capacitor are phase-controlled, as are the switch arm T2 corresponding to the second-order capacitor and the switch arm T3 corresponding to the third-order capacitor. In view b), the voltages Val, Va4 across cells PV1, PV4 are equal and vary between 100 and 200 V. The voltages VI, V2, V3, V4 measured across cells PV1, PV2, PV3, PV4 of the voltage source are equal, and in particular have a value of 127.5 V. In view c), the currents i1, i2, i3, i4 flowing through branches B1, B2, B3, B4 associated with capacitors C1-C4 are equal and vary periodically according to the duty cycle D.

[0059] Returning to [Fig. 4], view a), in the power supply system 100, the switch arm T1 corresponding to the first-order capacitor and the switch arm T4 corresponding to the fourth-order capacitor are controlled with a phase shift of 180°. As illustrated, for example, in view b), the voltages VI, V2, V3, V4 measured across the cells PV1, PV2, PV3, PV4 of the voltage source are equal, and in particular have a value of 127.5V. The 180° phase shift allows the frequency of the voltage Vbl measured across the cell PV1 and the inductance L1 in series associated with the first-order capacitor to be doubled; and the voltage Vb2 measured across the terminals of cell PV4 and the inductance L4 in series associated with the 4th-order capacitor. This 180° phase shift also helps to reduce the excursion of the voltages Vbl, Vb2. In particular, the voltages Vbl, Vb2 vary between 100 and 150V.As illustrated in view c), the current il4 flowing in the second branch B14 connecting the midpoint of the arm corresponding to the capacitance of rank i=1 and the midpoint of the arm corresponding to the capacitance of rank i=4 varies periodically over a smaller current interval than in the power supply system 150 not forming part of the invention. Thus, the losses in the first example 100 of the power supply system are reduced.

[0060] The currents i2, i3 flowing respectively in branch B2 corresponding to the capacitance of rank 2 and branch B3 corresponding to the capacitance of rank 3 vary similarly to the currents obtained in the power supply system 150, which is not part of the invention. However, branch B2, corresponding to the second-order capacitor, and branch B3, corresponding to the third-order capacitor, are specifically controlled with a phase shift, in particular of 180°, to further reduce the ripple in the current delivered at the output of the power supply system 100.

[0061] In particular, to facilitate the control of the power supply system 100, the switch arm T2 corresponding to the first capacitance of rank 2 is in phase with the switch arm T1 corresponding to the second capacitance of rank 1; the switch arm T3 corresponding to the first capacitance of rank 3 is in phase with the switch arm T4 corresponding to the second capacitance of rank 4.

[0062] The phase shifts between the T1-T4 arms have been explained in relation to the second variant, but they apply similarly in the first variant.

[0063] In particular, the switch arms T1-T4 are configured to be controlled in a complementary manner. In other words, in each switch arm T1, T2, T3, T4, a first switch on one side of the midpoint is controlled with a duty cycle D and a second switch on the other side of the midpoint is controlled with a duty cycle 1-D.

[0064] In particular, two successive switch arms are configured to be controlled with opposite complementarities. Thus, for example, in the switch arm T1 corresponding to the capacitance Cl of rank 1, the bottom switch is controlled with a duty cycle D and the top switch is controlled with a duty cycle 1-D. In the switch arm T2 corresponding to the capacitance C2 of rank 2, the switches are controlled with a complementarity that is opposite to the complementarity of the switch arm T1 corresponding to the capacitance Cl of rank 1. That is to say, in the switch arm T2 corresponding to the capacitance C2 of rank 2, the bottom switch is controlled with a duty cycle 1-D and the top switch is controlled with a duty cycle D.

[0065] In particular, the switch arms T2, T3 corresponding to the first capacitances C2, C3 are configured to be controlled in a complementary manner. The switch arm T2 corresponding to the first capacitance C2 of rank 2 is configured to be controlled with a complementarity opposite to that of the switch arm T3 corresponding to the first capacitance C3 of rank 3.

[0066] In particular, the switch arms T1, T4 corresponding to the second capacitors Cl, C4 are configured to be controlled in a complementary manner. The switch arm T1 corresponding to the second capacitor Cl of rank 1 is configured to be controlled with a complementarity opposite to that of the switch arm T4 corresponding to the second capacitor C4 of rank 4.

[0067] According to the invention, the capacitor arm 110 comprises 4+2n capacitors, where n is a natural number. In other words, n can take one of the integer values ​​0, 1, 2, 3... In a second example 200 of a power supply system according to the invention, n is equal to 1. The second example 200 is illustrated in particular in [Fig. 6]. The capacitor arm 210 comprises 6 capacitors C1-C6, and corresponding switch arms and branches. The second example 200 is otherwise identical to the first example 100.

[0068] The power supply system 200 is configured to deliver a DC voltage between the first end 210a and the second end 210b of the capacitance arm 210.

[0069] According to the invention, the capacitance arm 210 comprises 4+2n capacitances, n being a natural number. In the example 200 of the power supply system, n is equal to 1: the capacitance arm 110 therefore comprises 6 capacitances C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6.

[0070] A switch arm T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6 respectively is connected to the terminals of each capacitor C1-C6. The midpoint of each switch arm T1-T6 is connected to an electrical branch. The connections of the midpoints of the switch arms T1-T4 will be described, considering the capacitors Ci from the first end 210a of the capacitance arm 210 to the second end 210b of the capacitance arm 210, i being a natural number between 1 and 4+2n, that is, for the second example 200, between 1 and 6.

[0071] For first capacities C2, C5 having rank i=2 and i= 4+2n-l, that is to say for the second example 200, i=2 and i=5, the midpoint of the switch arm T2, T5 is connected to a first branch B2, B5. The first branch B2, corresponding to the first second-order capacitor C2, is connected to the first end 210a of the capacitance arm 210. The first branch B5, corresponding to the fifth capacitor C5, is connected to the second end 210b of the capacitance arm 210. In other words, each first branch B2, B5 has one end connected to the midpoint of the corresponding switch arm and its other end connected to either the first end 210a or the second end 210b of the capacitance arm 210. Furthermore, each first branch B2, B5 includes a first DC voltage source PV2, PV5 configured to deliver a voltage of value V and a first inductor L2, L5.In each first branch B2, B5, the first voltage source PV2, PV5 is in series with the first inductance L2, L5.

[0072] For second capacitances having an odd rank i, other than 4+2n-1, a respective second branch B14, B36 connects the midpoint of the switch arm T1, T3 corresponding to the capacitance of rank i with the midpoint of the switch arm T4, T6 corresponding to the capacitance of rank i+3. In particular, only one second branch B14, B36 connects the midpoint of the switch arm T1, T3 corresponding to The capacitance of rank i is connected to the midpoint of the switch arm T4, with T6 corresponding to the capacitance of rank i+3. In other words, in the second example 200, a second capacitance Cl has an odd rank i=l, and a second branch B14 connects the midpoint of the switch arm Tl, corresponding to the capacitance Cl of rank i=l, with the midpoint of the switch arm T4, corresponding to the capacitance of rank i+3=4. The second branch B14 includes a second DC voltage source PV14 configured to deliver a voltage of 2 x V and a second inductor L14. The second voltage source PV14 is in series with the second inductor L14. Furthermore, in the second example 200, a second capacitance C3 has an odd rank i=3, a second branch B36 connects the midpoint of the switch arm T3 corresponding to the capacitance C3 of rank i=3 with the midpoint of the switch arm T6 corresponding to the capacitance of rank i+3=6.The second branch B36 includes a second DC voltage source PV36 configured to deliver a voltage of 2 x V and a second inductor L36. The second voltage source PV36 is in series with the second inductor L36.

[0073] In particular, as described previously in relation to the first example 100, the first inductances L2, L5 have the same value L; and the second inductances L14, L36 have the same value between L / 2 and 2L. Each second inductance L14, L36 can be a single inductance. Alternatively, the second inductance L14 can be formed by two inductances L1, L4 in series, each having a value between L / 4 and L; the second inductance L36 can be formed by two inductances L3, L6 in series, each having a value between L / 4 and L.

[0074] The second example 200 of a power supply system has the same advantages as the first example 100 of a power supply system. However, the second example 200 of a power supply system allows for the delivery of a higher voltage than the first power supply system 100.

[0075] Like the first example 100 of a power supply system, the second example 200 of a power supply system has a first and a second variant, already described. In particular, in the second variant, the second voltage source PV14 is formed by two cells PV1, PV4 in series with the voltage source; and the second voltage source PV36 is formed by two cells PV3, PV6 in series with this voltage source.

[0076] In particular, for each pair of second capacitances (Cl, C4), (C3, C6) of rank i and rank i+3, the switch arm corresponding to the capacitance of rank i and the switch arm corresponding to the capacitance of rank i+3 are configured to be out of phase with respect to each other, in particular with a phase shift of 180°, as already described in relation to the first example 100 of power supply system.

[0077] In particular, in the second example 200 of the power supply system, for all the second capacitances (C1, C4), (C3, C6), the switch arms corresponding to the i-th capacitances are configured to be in phase, and the switch arms corresponding to the i+3 capacitances are configured to be in phase. In other words, the arm T1 corresponding to the second capacitance of rank 1 and the arm T3 corresponding to the second capacitance of rank 3 are in phase; and the arm T4 corresponding to the second capacitance of rank 4 and the arm T6 corresponding to the second capacitance of rank 6 are in phase. This makes it easier to control the power supply system 200.

[0078] In particular, as described previously in relation to the first example 100 of a power supply system, in the second example 200 of a power supply system, the switch arm T2 corresponding to the first capacitance of rank i=2 and the switch arm T5 corresponding to the first capacitance of rank i=4+2n-l=5 are configured to be out of phase with each other, to further reduce the ripples of the current delivered at the output of the power supply system 200.

[0079] In particular, as described previously in relation to the first example 100 of a power supply system, the switch arms T1-T6 are controlled so that the capacitors C1-C6 have the same voltage Vc across their terminals. The second example 200 of a power supply system then makes it possible to deliver a voltage Vbus which is equal to 6Vc. In particular, depending on a duty cycle D controlling the switch arms T1-T6, the voltage Vc across each capacitor C1-C6 takes a value between 1 and 0.5 times the voltage V delivered by each first voltage source PV2, PV5.

[0080] In particular, the switch arms T1-T6 are configured to be controlled in a complementary manner. In other words, in each switch arm T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, a first switch on one side of the midpoint is controlled with a duty cycle D and a second switch on the other side of the midpoint is controlled with a duty cycle 1-D.

[0081] In particular, two successive switch arms are configured to be controlled with opposite complementarities. Thus, for example, in the switch arm T1 corresponding to the capacitance Cl of rank 1, the bottom switch is controlled with a duty cycle D and the top switch is controlled with a duty cycle 1-D. In the switch arm T2 corresponding to the capacitance C2 of rank 2, the switches are controlled with a complementarity that is opposite to the complementarity of the switch arm T1 corresponding to the capacitance Cl of rank 1. In other words, in the arm of switches T2 corresponding to the capacitance C2 of rank 2, the bottom switch is controlled with a duty cycle 1-D and the top switch is controlled with a duty cycle D.

[0082] In particular, the switch arms T2, T5 corresponding to the first capacitances C2, C5 are configured to be controlled in a complementary manner. The switch arm T2 corresponding to the first capacitance C2 of rank 2 is configured to be controlled with a complementarity opposite to that of the switch arm T5 corresponding to the first capacitance C5 of rank 5.

[0083] In particular, the switch arms T1, T4, T3, T6 corresponding to the second capacitances Cl, C4, C3, C6 are configured to be controlled in a complementary manner. The switch arm T1 corresponding to the second capacitance Cl of rank 1 is configured to be controlled with a complementarity opposite to that of the switch arm T4 corresponding to the second capacitance C4 of rank 4; the switch arm T3 corresponding to the second capacitance C3 of rank 3 is configured to be controlled with a complementarity opposite to that of the switch arm T6 corresponding to the second capacitance C6 of rank 6.

[0084] According to the invention, the capacitor arm comprises 4+2n capacitors, where n is a natural number. In other words, n can take one of the integer values ​​0, 1, 2, 3... In a third example of a power supply system according to the invention, n is equal to 2. This third example is illustrated in particular in [Fig. 7]. The capacitor arm comprises 8 capacitors C1-C8, and corresponding switch arms and branches.

[0085] The third example 300 is otherwise identical to the second example 200. In particular, as described previously in relation to the first example 100, the first inductances L2, L7 have the same value L; and the second inductances L14, L36, L58 have the same value between L / 2 and 2L. Each second inductance L14, L36, L58 can be a single inductance. Alternatively, the second inductance L14 can be formed by two inductances L1, L4 in series, each having a value between L / 4 and L; the second inductance L36 can be formed by two inductances L3, L6 in series, each having a value between L / 4 and L; and the second inductance L58 ​​can be formed by two inductances L5, L8 in series, each having a value between L / 4 and L.

[0086] The power supply system 300 is configured to deliver a DC voltage between the first end 310a and the second end 310b of the capacitance arm 310.

[0087] The third example 300 of a power supply system has the same advantages as the first example 100 and the second example 200 of a power supply system. The third example 300 of a power supply system However, the electrical system allows for a higher voltage to be delivered than in the second 200 electrical power supply system.

[0088] Like the first example 100 and the second example 200, the third power supply system 300 has a first and a second variant, already described. In particular, in the second variant, the second voltage source PV14 is formed by two cells PV1, PV4 in series with the voltage source; the second voltage source PV36 is formed by two cells PV3, PV6 in series with this voltage source; and the second voltage source PV58 is formed by two cells PV5, PV8 in series with this voltage source.

[0089] In particular, for each pair of second capacitances (Cl, C4), (C3, C6), (C5, C8) of rank i and rank i+3, the switch arm corresponding to the rank i capacitance and the switch arm corresponding to the rank i+3 capacitance are configured to be out of phase with respect to each other, in particular with a phase shift of 180°, as already described.

[0090] In particular, in the third example 300 of a power supply system, for all the second capacitances (C1, C4), (C3, C6), (C5, C8) the switch arms corresponding to the capacitances of rank i are configured to be in phase, and the switch arms corresponding to the capacitances of rank i+3 are configured to be in phase. In other words, the arm T1 corresponding to the second capacitance of rank 1, the arm T3 corresponding to the second capacitance of rank 3, and the arm T5 corresponding to the second capacitance of rank 5 are in phase; and the arm T4 corresponding to the second capacitance of rank 4, the arm T6 corresponding to the second capacitance of rank 6, and the arm T8 corresponding to the second capacitance of rank 8 are in phase.

[0091] In particular, as described previously in relation to the first example 100 and the second example 200 of the power supply system, in the third example 300 of the power supply system, the switch arm corresponding to the first capacitance of rank i=2 and the switch arm corresponding to the first capacitance of rank i=4+2n-l=7 are configured to be out of phase with each other, to further reduce the ripples of the current delivered at the output of the power supply system 300.

[0092] In particular, as described previously in relation to the first example 100 of a power supply system, the switch arms T1-T8 are controlled so that the capacitors C1-C8 have the same voltage Vc across their terminals. The third example 300 of a power supply system then makes it possible to deliver a voltage Vbus which is equal to 8Vc. In particular, depending on a duty cycle D controlling the switch arms T1-T8, the voltage Vc across each capacitance C1-C8 takes a value between 1 and 0.5 times the voltage V delivered by each first voltage source.

[0093] In particular, the switch arms T1-T8 are configured to be controlled in a complementary manner. In other words, in each switch arm T1-T8, a first switch on one side of the midpoint is controlled with a duty cycle D and a second switch on the other side of the midpoint is controlled with a duty cycle 1-D.

[0094] In particular, two successive switch arms are configured to be controlled with opposite complementarities. Thus, for example, in the switch arm T1 corresponding to the capacitance Cl of rank 1, the bottom switch is controlled with a duty cycle D and the top switch is controlled with a duty cycle 1-D. In the switch arm T2 corresponding to the capacitance C2 of rank 2, the switches are controlled with a complementarity that is opposite to the complementarity of the switch arm T1 corresponding to the capacitance Cl of rank 1. That is to say, in the switch arm T2 corresponding to the capacitance C2 of rank 2, the bottom switch is controlled with a duty cycle 1-D and the top switch is controlled with a duty cycle D.

[0095] In particular, the switch arms T2, T7 corresponding to the first capacitances C2, C7 are configured to be controlled in a complementary manner. The switch arm T2 corresponding to the first capacitance C2 of rank 2 is configured to be controlled with a complementarity opposite to that of the switch arm T7 corresponding to the first capacitance C7 of rank 7.

[0096] In particular, the switch arms T1, T4, T3, T6, T5, T8 corresponding to the second capacitances Cl, C4, C3, C6, C5, C8 are configured to be controlled in a complementary manner. The switch arm T1 corresponding to the second capacitance Cl of rank 1 is configured to be controlled with a complementarity opposite to that of the switch arm T4 corresponding to the second capacitance C4 of rank 4; the switch arm T3 corresponding to the second capacitance C3 of rank 3 is configured to be controlled with a complementarity opposite to that of the switch arm T6 corresponding to the second capacitance C6 of rank 6; and the switch arm T5 corresponding to the second capacitance C5 of rank 5 is configured to be controlled with a complementarity opposite to that of the switch arm T8 corresponding to the second capacitance C8 of rank 8.

[0097] In particular, in Examples 100, 200, 300 of the power supply system according to the invention, considering the second capacitors Ci from the first end 110a, 210a, 310a of the capacitor arm 110, 210, 310 to the second end 110b, 210b, 310b of the capacitor arm 110, 210, 310, each arm the corresponding switch is connected to only one other switch arm via a branch.

[0098] The value of n, that is to say the number n of capacitances, is in particular a function of the power of the first and second voltage sources and of the desired output voltage of the power supply system 100, 200, 300.

[0099] The switches of the power supply system 100, 200, 300 can be bidirectional, so that the system circuit is reversible. Thus, when the voltage sources are rechargeable battery cells, they can be charged from a voltage delivered between the first end 110a, 210a, 310a and the second end 110b, 210b, 310b of the capacitance arm 110, 210, 310.

[0100] The power supply system according to the invention can be used in various applications where the voltage delivered by a plurality of voltage sources, particularly by cells from the same source, must be increased to reach a voltage range sufficient to power a load. For example, the power supply system can be used in an electrolyzer for the electrical generation of hydrogen, particularly in a high-power context, such as 1 MW or 10 to 100 MW. The power supply system can be used for generating electrical power from a fuel cell, photovoltaic panels, or other renewable energy sources. The power supply system can be used for charging batteries, for example, a few watts in portable electronics, or approximately 1 kW for applications such as electric bicycles, or even 10 to 100 kW for applications such as electric vehicles.The power supply system can also be used in LED installations for lighting, preferably high-power lighting for a monument, a show, a stadium, or other.

Claims

Demands

1. Power supply system (100, 200, 300) configured to deliver a DC voltage (Vbus) from a first end (110a, 210a, 310a) and a second end (110b, 210b, 310b) of a capacitor arm (110, 210, 310): said capacitor arm (110, 210, 310) comprising 4+2n capacitors, n being a natural number, each capacitor being connected to the ends of a respective switch arm, said power supply system being such that, from the first end (110a, 210a, 310a) of the capacitor arm to the second end (110b, 210b, 310b) of the capacitor arm, i being a natural number between 1 and 4+2n: for first capacitors having rank i=2, respectively i=4+2n-l, the midpoint of the corresponding switch arm is connected to a first branch comprising a first DC voltage source configured to deliver a voltage having a first value V and a first inductance in series,the first branch being connected to the first end (110a, 210a, 310a) of the capacitor arm, respectively to the second end (110b, 210b, 310b) of the capacitor arm; for second capacitors having an odd rank i other than 4+2n-1, the midpoint of the switch arm corresponding to the capacitance of rank i and the midpoint of the switch arm corresponding to the capacitance of rank i+3 are connected by a second branch comprising a second DC voltage source (PV14, PV36, PV58) configured to deliver a voltage having a value of 2 x V and a second inductor (L14, L36, L58) in series.

2. Power supply system (100, 200, 300) according to claim 1, wherein, for each pair of second rank i and rank i+3 capacitances, the switch arm corresponding to rank i capacitance and the switch arm corresponding to rank i+3 capacitance are configured to be out of phase with each other.

3. Power supply system (100, 200, 300) according to the preceding claim, wherein the switch arm (T2) corresponding to the first capacitance (C2) of rank i=2 and the switch arm corresponding to the first capacitance of rank i=4+2n-l are configured to be out of phase with each other.

4. Power supply system (100, 200, 300) according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the phase shift(s) are 180°.

5. Power supply system (100, 200, 300) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, for all second capacities, the switch arms corresponding to rank i capacities are configured to be in phase, and the switch arms corresponding to rank i+3 capacities are configured to be in phase.

6. Power supply system (100, 200, 300) according to the preceding claim, wherein: - for the first capacitance (C2) of rank i=2, the corresponding switch arm (T2) is in phase with the switch arms corresponding to the second capacitances of rank i, and - for the first capacitance of rank i=4+2n-l, the corresponding switch arm is in phase with the switch arms corresponding to the second capacitances of rank i+3.

7. Power supply system (100, 200, 300) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first inductances have the same value L, and the second inductances (L14, L36, L58) have the same value between L / 2 and 2L.

8. Power supply system (100, 200, 300) according to the preceding claim, wherein each second inductor (L14, L36, L58) comprises two inductors (L1, L4, L3, L6, L5, L8) in series, each having the same value between L / 4 and T

9. L / . Power supply system (100, 200, 300) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein each second voltage source (PV14, PV36, PV58) comprises two voltage sources (PV1, PV4, PV3, PV6, PV5, PV8) in series, each configured to deliver a voltage equal to that of the first voltage sources.

10. Power supply system (100, 200, 300) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first voltage sources are each a cell of the same voltage source, the second voltage source(s) (PV14, PV36, PV58) being formed by two cells (PV1, PV4, PV3, PV6, PV5, PV8) in series.

11. Power supply system (100, 200, 300) according to the preceding claim, wherein the first and second voltage sources are cells from the same photovoltaic panel or from the same fuel cell or from the same electrolyzer or from the same battery.

12. A method of supplying an electrical installation from voltage sources configured to deliver a voltage V each, said method comprising the use of an electrical supply system (100, 200, 300) according to any one of the preceding claims, the voltage sources belonging to the first and second arms of the converter, the electrical installation being connected between the first end (110a, 210a, 310a) and the second end (110b, 210b, 310b) of the capacitance arm.