Junction structure for chaining at the base of a module of a prefabricated accommodation unit, particularly for prison environments.

Abstract

This presentation concerns a connection structure for the base reinforcement of a module between a slab of a prefabricated accommodation unit module and a wall intended to be attached to the slab to form a vertical partition of the module. The connection structure comprises: a plurality of key boxes, a steel reinforcement embedded in the concrete of the wall with one free end protruding and engaged in one of the key boxes, mechanical means contributing to the tensile locking of the free end of the reinforcement in the key box, and mortar ensuring the sealing of the free end and mechanical means within the key box. Figure for the abstract: Fig. 1

Description

Title of the invention: Junction structure for chaining at the base of a module of a prefabricated accommodation unit, particularly for a prison environment. technical field

[0001] The present presentation relates to prefabricated modules for the construction of accommodation units.

[0002] More specifically, it relates to a junction structure for the chaining at the base of the module between a slab and a wall intended to be attached to the slab to form a vertical partition of the module.

[0003] The proposed technique finds particular - but not limited - application for the construction of accommodation units in prison settings. STATE OF THE ART

[0004] Modular construction has been known for many years. It consists of assembling individual modules prefabricated remotely on a site where a building is being constructed.

[0005] Compared to conventional on-site construction, prefabricated construction induces additional constraints, related to the transport and handling of modules and their elements.

[0006] The transfer of loads takes place in particular at the base of the module, that is to say at a junction between walls forming vertical partitions and a slab forming the floor of the module.

[0007] It is therefore necessary to propose a junction at the base of the module allowing a particularly robust chaining adapted to prefabricated modular construction.

[0008] This need is all the more important in the case of modules intended to constitute accommodation units in a prison environment.

[0009] Many metal fastening systems are already known for ensuring anchoring between prefabricated reinforced concrete elements.

[0010] However, a reinforced solution is desired. GENERAL STATEMENT

[0011] A general object of the invention is to propose a module base joining solution that allows for a particularly robust chaining adapted to prefabricated modular construction.

[0012] The proposed solution allows in particular for quick, simple and economical assembly on site.

[0013] To this end, according to one aspect of the present exposition, a junction structure is proposed for the chaining at the base of the module between, on the one hand, a slab of a module for a prefabricated accommodation unit and, on the other hand, a wall intended to be attached to the slab to form a vertical partition of the module,

[0014] the junction structure having a plurality of key boxes opening from one of the lateral edges of the slab, as well as at least one metal reinforcement which is embedded in the concrete of the wall and whose free end protrudes from the edge by which the wall is attached to the slab, the free end thus protruding being engaged in one of the corresponding key boxes,

[0015] the joining structure comprising mechanical means contributing to the mechanical locking in tension of the free end of the reinforcement in the keying box, a mortar ensuring a sealing of the free end and mechanical means in the keying box.

[0016] Advantageously, but optionally, the exposed structure includes at least one of the following features, taken alone or in any combination: - the mechanical means contributing to the mechanical locking in tension of the free end include at least one lashing bar which passes through the key box at an intermediate height of the latter, being parallel to the plane of the slab and to the side of the slab, the lashing bar being embedded in the concrete of the slab, the free end being folded back on itself around the lashing bar;

[0017] - the free end is a perforated metal blade or a bar forming a loop or a ring, the mechanical means contributing to the mechanical locking in tension of the reinforcement including a pinning of the free end on a bottom wall of the keying box;

[0018] - the wall and the slab respectively comprise a groove and an edge, or Conversely, complementary for guiding the wall and the slab when positioning the wall on the slab;

[0019] According to another aspect, a module is proposed comprising a slab and a five-sided element comprising a top wall and four side walls, the side walls being chained to the slab by at least one junction structure as previously described.

[0020] According to another aspect, a joining method is proposed for the connection between a slab of a prefabricated accommodation unit module and at least one wall intended to be attached to the slab to form a vertical partition of the module,

[0021] the slab having a plurality of keyways opening from one of the lateral edges of the slab,

[0022] the wall comprising at least one metal reinforcement embedded in the concrete of the wall and of which a free end protrudes in relation to the edge by which the wall is intended to be attached to the slab;

[0023] in which, when the veil is attached to the slab, - the free end of the protruding reinforcement is engaged in a corresponding keyway and is mechanically locked in tension in the keyway by mechanical means; - a mortar is placed in the key box, the mortar ensuring a seal of the free end and of the mechanical means in the key box.

[0024] Advantageously, the mechanical locking is achieved by bending the free ends around the lashing bar with a tool.

[0025] According to another aspect, a tool for the previously described blocking is proposed, the tool comprising a handle, an arm and a notch on the arm, the arm being positioned on one end of the handle and configured to press on the free end to be bent and the handle to create a lever arm on the arm, and the notch allowing the free end to be bent to be wedged on the arm in order to perfect the bending.

[0026] According to another aspect, a building is proposed comprising several modules as previously described assembled together to form a building.

[0027] Advantageously, the modules as previously described are assembled together horizontally and / or vertically to form the building. DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0028] Other features, purposes and advantages will become apparent from the following description, which is purely illustrative and not limiting, and which should be read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings on which:

[0029] Fig. 1 illustrates a schematic perspective view of a prefabricated reinforced concrete module for a prison environment, according to an embodiment of the present presentation;

[0030] Figure [Fig. 2] illustrates a perspective view of a lower slab of a module according to a method of carrying out this presentation;

[0031] Fig. 3 illustrates a perspective view of a five-sided assembly of a module according to one embodiment of the present exposition;

[0032] Figures [Fig. 4a], [Fig. 4b], and [Fig. 4c] illustrate steps in a manufacturing process of a module according to a method of implementation of this presentation;

[0033] Figures [Fig. 5a], [Fig. 5b], and [Fig. 5c] illustrate steps in a process according to another possible embodiment of the present exposition; and

[0034] Fig. 6a and Fig. 6b illustrate embodiments of a tool for bending free ends.

[0035] Throughout the figures, similar elements bear identical references. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The accommodation unit, illustrated in [Fig.1], is a module 1 with a parallelepiped structure in reinforced concrete, closed by six walls.

[0037] The various prefabricated modules 1 are designed to be assembled together on site. They include recesses for vertical shafts and are delivered fully equipped: joinery elements (door, window), complete shower area, built-in wardrobe, and all furniture. They are assembled together on site to form the structure of the building being constructed. These modules 1 can be placed side by side or stacked on several levels. For example, they are covered by a roof fixed to a timber frame, and thermal insulation is added to the exterior facade.

[0038] Prefabricated module

[0039] The prefabricated module 1 is produced in a remote workshop to reduce on-site construction time. It comprises, in particular, two elements cast independently of each other and assembled in the workshop:

[0040] - a low slab 3, forming a floor, as illustrated by [Fig.2],

[0041] - a five-sided element 2 comprising, as illustrated by [Fig. 3], a slab upper 21 and four lateral sails 20 perpendicular to the upper sail 21 defining a front face 22, a rear face 24 and two lateral faces 23.

[0042] The lower slab 3 and the five-sided element 2 are cast, in concrete 5, in a formwork, independently of each other, in a workshop away from the construction site.

[0043] Once the concrete 5 has hardened after a drying time, the formwork is removed and the lower slab 3 and the five-sided element 2 are ready to be assembled.

[0044] The lower slab 3 can, for example, have a thickness between 10 and 20 cm, and preferably 15 cm. The upper slab 21 can, for example, have a thickness between 8 and 20 cm, and preferably 10 cm. The front face 22 and the rear face 24 can, for example, have a thickness between 10 and 20 cm, and preferably 15 cm. The side faces 23 can, for example, have a thickness between 8 and 20 cm, and preferably 10 cm. These different thicknesses allow the module to withstand various structural stresses and fire while limiting its weight. Furthermore, they ensure good thermal and acoustic insulation properties.

[0045] The lower slab 3 and the five-sided concrete element 2 are each made with a structure of metal reinforcement 4 cast in a volume of concrete 5, thus forming a reinforced concrete wall. The metal reinforcement 4 can be HA (High Adhesion) bars and / or blades.

[0046] Module 1 is manufactured by placing and joining the five-sided element 2 on the lower slab 3.

[0047] Junction structure for base tying

[0048] As illustrated in [Fig.2], the lower slab 3 has a plurality of key boxes 31 regularly distributed around its perimeter.

[0049] These key boxes 31 are recesses formed in the concrete 5 of the slab section 3 and opening from said section. The key boxes 31 have a U-shaped cross-section with lateral walls having a convexity towards the inside of the key box 31.

[0050] The side walls 20 of the five-sided element 2 include reinforcements 4 which extend over all or part of the height of these walls 20. Some reinforcements 4 may pass through the edge of these side walls 20 to protrude from it, as illustrated by [Fig.3].

[0051] The reinforcement bars 4 that pass through the edge of these lateral walls 20 and project from it include a free end 41 projecting from the edge, designed to be engaged in key boxes 31 when the five-sided element is positioned on the slab 3. The reinforcement bars 4 that include a free end 41 are distributed along the length of the walls 2 so as to allow this engagement. The free end 41 may be a straight rod, a U-shaped rod forming a loop or ring, or a blade.

[0052] Thus, by positioning the five-sided element 2 on the lower slab 3, the free end 41 of a reinforcement 4 of each lateral wall 20 is positioned respectively in the keyway 31 on each side of the lower slab 3 to allow the fixing of each lateral wall 20 of the five-sided element 2 to the lower slab 3. It is possible that each lateral wall 20 has one or more reinforcements 4 whose free end 41 is configured to be positioned in one of the keyways 31 and allow the fixing of each lateral wall 20 of the five-sided element 2 to the lower slab 3. One or more free ends 41 of reinforcement 4 can be positioned in each keyway 31.

[0053] As particularly visible in [Fig. 2], according to one embodiment, one or more tie-down bars 42 (typically HA 12 bars) are embedded in the concrete of the lower slab 3 and extend along the sides of said slab, parallel to the edges of said slab 3 and to its general plane. These tie-down bars 42 pass through the key boxes 31 at an intermediate height therefrom. The tie-down bars 42 are configured to allow the free end 41 to be fixed to the lower slab 3.

[0054] Furthermore, the slab 3 and the edges of the side walls 20 can respectively be provided with complementary grooves 32 and projecting edges 25, or vice versa, to guide the positioning of the five-sided element 2 on the slab 3 during installation.

[0055] Assembly and linking

[0056] During such an installation, the position of the five-sided element 2 is adjusted above the lower slab 3 so that the free ends 41 of the reinforcements 4 are aligned with the key boxes 31 ([Fig.4a]).

[0057] The five-sided element 2 was then lowered onto the slab 3.

[0058] According to one embodiment, once in place, the mechanical lashing can be This is accomplished by bending the free ends 41 around the lashing bar 42. This bending is done manually, with operators having access to the free ends 41 of the frames 4 through the openings in the key boxes 31 ([Fig. 4b]). The operator can perform the bending with a tool 7, which facilitates the operation. The tool 7, as illustrated in Figures 6a and 6b, may include a handle 71, an arm 72, and a notch 73 on the arm 72. The arm 72 is positioned on one end of the handle 71 and is configured to press against the free end 41 to be bent, and the handle 71 to create a lever arm on the arm 72. The notch 73 allows the free end 41 to be bent to be secured against the arm 72 to refine the bend. The tool 7 may be metallic or made of a material strong enough to bend the free end 41.

[0059] The folding of the free end 41 on the lashing bar 42 contributes to the mechanical locking in tension of the armature 4 in the keying box 31.

[0060] Following this operation, a sealing concrete is poured into the corresponding key box 31 (filling with shrinkage-compensated sealing product) ([Fig.4c]).

[0061] After drying, the sails 20 are perfectly vertically chained to the slab 3.

[0062] Such a fixing is simple and robust. It allows for quick and easy mounting of the module 1 but also secure transport and obtaining a building that meets the required properties such as those related to a prison building for example.

[0063] Another embodiment for the connecting structure providing the chaining

[0064] In another embodiment illustrated by Figures 5a and 5b, the keyway 31 is not necessarily traversed by a lashing bar 42, and the free end 41 may be a blade. The reinforcement 4 is then also a blade. The blade has a fixing hole 43 at its free end 41a to allow its fixing. The free end 41 may also be a U-shaped bent rod forming a loop or a ring.

[0065] Once the five-sided element 2 has been lowered onto the slab 3, the mechanical lashing can be carried out by pinning the free end 41 onto a bottom wall inside the keying box 31.

[0066] The pinning is achieved by passing a pin 6 through the fixing hole of the blade forming the free end 41 positioned in the keying box 31, the thread of the pin 6 fixing itself in the bottom wall of the keying box 31.

[0067] As will be understood, such a pin contributes to the mechanical locking in tension of the armature 4 in the keyway 31.

[0068] The process further comprises, once the mechanical blocking has been carried out, a sealing, as illustrated by [Fig.5b]. Following this operation, a sealing concrete 5 is poured into the corresponding key box 31 (filling with shrinkage-compensated sealing product) ([Fig.5b]).

[0069] Filling the key box 31 with a concrete mortar 5 allows for sealing the mechanical anchorage and thus preventing the mechanical locking of the lateral wall 20 to the lower slab 3 from withdrawing.

[0070] The joining structure and the steps just described allow for simple and rapid remote prefabrication of module 1, which is then ready to be transported and assembled to form the building.

[0071] Indeed, it is possible for module 1 to be transported by a crane gripping module 1 by the five-sided element 2 without damaging module 1. The assembly of the five-sided element 2 and the lower slab 3 as previously described allows such transport without the lower slab 3 separating from the five-sided element 2. The mechanical locking and sealing allow module 1 to withstand the tensile forces induced by the transport of the prefabricated module 1.

[0072] Multi-module assembly

[0073] Furthermore, each module 1 can be assembled with one or more neighboring modules 1 to form a set of modules 1 constituting a building. Load transfer from each module 1 can be ensured at the base of the module via a support under the lower slab 3, on the side of the front face 22 and the rear face 24.

[0074] Furthermore, to ensure vertical connection between two superimposed modules 1, a connection using a HA bar can be added to an anchorage. The anchorage can be filled with a shrinkage-compensated sealant to seal the vertical connection.

[0075] To ensure horizontal connection between two adjacent modules 1, a HA bar connection can be added in addition to an anchor box present in the upper wall 21 of each module 1. A reinforcement 4 passing through the edge of one of the lateral walls 20 can pass through the upper wall 21 and protrude into the anchor box. The reinforcement 4 passing through the edge of one of the lateral walls 20 and protruding into the anchor box of each of the two adjacent modules 1 can be secured by a metal loop encircling them. The anchor box can then be filled with a shrinkage-compensated sealant to seal the horizontal tie beam.

Claims

Demands

1. Junction structure for the base reinforcement of a module between, on the one hand, a slab (3) of a module (1) for a prefabricated accommodation unit and, on the other hand, a wall (20) intended to be attached to the slab (3) to form a vertical partition of the module (1), the junction structure having a plurality of key boxes (31) opening from one of the lateral edges of the slab (3), as well as at least one metal reinforcement (4) which is embedded in the concrete (5) of the wall (20) and whose free end (41) projects beyond the edge by which the wall (20) is attached to the slab (3), the free end (41) thus projecting being engaged in one of the corresponding key boxes (31), the junction structure comprising mechanical means (42, 6) contributing to the mechanical locking in tension of the free end (41) of the reinforcement (4) in the key box keying (31),a mortar (5) ensuring a seal of the free end (41) and the mechanical means (42,6) in the keying box (31).

2. A joining structure according to claim 1, wherein the mechanical means (42,6) contributing to the mechanical locking in tension of the free end (41) comprise at least one lashing bar (42) which passes through the key box (31) at an intermediate height therefrom, being parallel to the plane of the slab (3) and to the side of the slab (3), the lashing bar (42) being embedded in the concrete (5) of the slab (3), the free end (41) being folded back on itself around the lashing bar (42).

3. Joint structure according to claim 1, wherein the free end (41) is a perforated metal blade or a bar forming a loop or a ring, the mechanical means (42,6) contributing to the mechanical locking in tension of the reinforcement (4) comprising a pin (6) of the free end (41) on a bottom wall of the keying box (31).

4. A joining structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the wall (20) and the slab (3) comprise respectively a groove (32) and an edge (25), or vice versa, complementary for guiding the wall (20) and the slab (3) when positioning the wall (20) on the slab (3).

5. Module comprising a slab (3) and a five-sided element (2) comprising a top wall (21) and four side walls (20), the side walls (20) being chained to the slab (3) by at least one joining structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

6. Joining method for the bonding between a slab (3) of a module (1) for prefabricated accommodation unit and at least one wall (20) intended to be attached to the slab (3) to form a vertical partition of the module (1), the slab (3) having a plurality of key boxes (31) opening from one of the lateral edges of the slab (3), the wall (20) comprising at least one metal reinforcement (4) embedded in the concrete (5) of the wall (20) and of which a free end (41) protrudes from the edge by which the wall (20) is intended to be attached to the slab (3); in which, when the wall (20) is attached to the slab (3), - the free end (41) of the protruding reinforcement (4) is engaged in a corresponding key box (31) and is mechanically locked in tension in the key box (31) by mechanical means (42,6);- a mortar (5) is placed in the keying box (31), the mortar (5) ensuring a seal of the free end (41) and of the mechanical means (42,6) in the keying box (31).;

7. Joining method according to claim 6, wherein the mechanical locking is achieved by bending with a tool (7) the free ends (41) around the lashing bar (42).

8. Tool (7) for implementing the mechanical locking of the joining process according to claim 7, the tool (7) comprising a handle (71), an arm (72) and a notch (73) on the arm (72), the arm (72) being positioned on one end of the handle (71) and configured to press on the free end (41) to be bent and the handle (71) to create a lever arm on the arm (72), and the notch (73) allowing the free end (41) to be bent to be wedged on the arm (72) in order to perfect the bend.

9. Building comprising several modules (1) according to claim 5 assembled together to form the building.

10. 11 Building according to claim 9, wherein the modules (1) according to claim 5 are assembled together horizontally and / or vertically to form a building.

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