Electrochemical cell, mother unit for its preparation, use and preparation process

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of electrochemical cells, a mother unit and a process for their preparation.

Description

Title of the invention: Electrochemical cell, mother unit for its preparation, use and preparation process. Technical field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of electrochemical cells, a mother unit and a process for their preparation. Technical background

[0002] Electrochemical cells, including semi-solid electrochemical cells, are generally prepared using solvent-based processes or by extrusion. See, for example, international application WO 2004 / 051769 A2 filed on December 2, 2003, and European application EP 3699988 A1, which disclose electrochemical cells.

[0003] Although the electrochemical cells obtained by these processes exhibit satisfactory properties, performance in terms of energy density is generally obtained at the expense of performance in terms of power and vice versa.

[0004] There is therefore a need to supply electrochemical cells, particularly semi-solid electrochemical cells, with satisfactory or even improved overall performance. There is also a need to supply electrochemical cells, particularly semi-solid electrochemical cells, with satisfactory or even improved energy density without compromising power. There is also a need to supply electrochemical cells, particularly semi-solid electrochemical cells, with satisfactory or even improved power without compromising energy density. There is also a need to supply electrochemical cells, particularly semi-solid electrochemical cells, with a satisfactory or even improved energy density-to-power ratio.There is also a need to provide a mother unit for producing electrochemical cells, particularly semi-solid electrochemical cells, with satisfactory or even improved overall performance. There is also a need to provide a process for preparing electrochemical cells, particularly semi-solid electrochemical cells, that improves their overall performance. Finally, there is a need to provide a process for preparing electrochemical cells, particularly semi-solid electrochemical cells, that increases the production speed of the electrochemical cells and thus the productivity of the process. Summary of the invention

[0005] In a first aspect, the invention relates to an electrochemical cell comprising a structure comprising at least 2 units, in that each unit comprises at least one layer of thermoplastic electronically conductive collector (A), at least one anode layer (B), at least one electrolyte layer (C) and at least one cathode layer (D).

[0006] In embodiments, the thermoplastic electronically conductive collector layers (A), the anode layers (B), the electrolyte layers (C) and the layers (D) have a thickness of 30 pm or less; preferably 10 pm or less; most preferably 5 pm or less.

[0007] In embodiments, the anode layers (B) and the cathode layers (D) are not adjacent within each unit and within the structure grouping them.

[0008] In embodiments, the thermoplastic electronic conductive collector layers (A) are adjacent to an anode layer (B), on the one hand, and to a cathode layer (D), on the other hand.

[0009] In embodiments, the thermoplastic electronically conductive collector layer (A) comprises a thermoplastic polymer and an electrically conductive charge; the anode layer (B) comprises a thermoplastic polymer, an ionic liquid, an alkali metal salt, optionally an electrically conductive charge and an anode active material; the electrolyte layer (C) comprises a thermoplastic polymer, an ionic liquid, optionally an alkali metal salt and optionally an electrically insulating charge; and the cathode layer (D) comprises a thermoplastic polymer, an ionic liquid, an alkali metal salt, optionally an electrically conductive charge and a cathode active material.

[0010] In embodiments, the thermoplastic electronically conductive collector layer (A) comprises 10 to 60% of a thermoplastic polymer, 40 to 90% of an electrically conductive charge by weight of the total layer; the anode layer (B) comprises 1 to 30% of a thermoplastic polymer, 3 to 30% of ionic liquid, 0.2 to 10% of an alkali metal salt, 0 to 10% of an electrically conductive charge and 40 to 95% of anode active material, by weight of the total layer; the electrolyte layer (C) comprises 10 to 60% of a thermoplastic polymer, 10 to 60% of ionic liquid, 0 to 20% of an alkali metal salt and 0 to 50% of an electrically insulating charge, by weight by total weight of the layer;and / or the cathode layer (D) comprises 1 to 30% of a thermoplastic polymer, 3 to 30% of ionic liquid, 0.2 to 10% of an alkali metal salt, 0 to 10% of an electrically conductive charge and 40 to 95% of cathode active material, by weight per total weight of the layer.

[0011] In embodiments, the structure is prepared by a coextrusion step implemented with a coextrusion device comprising at least one multiplying element.

[0012] In embodiments, the structure is prepared from a parent unit comprising at least one layer of thermoplastic electronically conductive collector (a), at least one anode layer (b), at least one electrolyte layer (c) and at least one cathode layer (d).

[0013] In another aspect, the present invention relates to a mother unit, for the preparation of an electrochemical cell as defined above, in that the mother unit comprises at least one layer of thermoplastic electronically conductive collector (a), at least one anode layer (b), at least one electrolyte layer (c) and at least one cathode layer (d).

[0014] In embodiments, the thermoplastic electronically conductive collector layer (a) comprises a thermoplastic polymer and an electrically conductive charge; the anode layer (B) comprises a thermoplastic polymer, an ionic liquid, an alkali metal salt, optionally an electrically conductive charge and an anode active material; the electrolyte layer (C) comprises a thermoplastic polymer, an ionic liquid, optionally an alkali metal salt and optionally an electrically insulating charge; and the cathode layer (D) comprises a thermoplastic polymer, an ionic liquid, an alkali metal salt, optionally an electrically conductive charge and a cathode active material.

[0015] In embodiments, the thermoplastic electronically conductive collector layer (a) comprises 10 to 60% of a thermoplastic polymer, 40 to 90% of an electrically conductive charge; the anode layer (b) comprises 1 to 30% of a thermoplastic polymer, 3 to 30% of ionic liquid, 0.2 to 10% of an alkali metal salt, 0 to 10% of an electrically conductive charge and 40 to 95% of anode active material, by weight by total weight of the layer; the electrolyte layer (c) comprises 10 to 60% of a thermoplastic polymer, 10 to 60% of ionic liquid, 0 to 20% of an alkali metal salt and 0 to 50% of an electrically insulating charge, by weight by total weight of the layer;and / or the cathode layer (d) comprises 1 to 30% of a thermoplastic polymer, 3 to 30% of ionic liquid, 0.2 to 10% of an alkali metal salt, 0 to 10% of an electrically conductive charge and 40 to 95% of cathode active material, by weight per total weight of the layer.

[0016] In embodiments, the thermoplastic electronically conductive collector layers (a), the anode layers (b), the electrolyte layers (c) and the layers (d) have respectively a thickness of less than 10 mm; preferably a thickness of 50 µm to 10 mm.

[0017] In embodiments, the anode layers (b) and the cathode layers (d) are not adjacent within the parent unit.

[0018] In another aspect, the present invention relates to the use of the mother unit, as defined above, for the preparation of an electrochemical cell.

[0019] In another aspect, the present invention relates to a method for preparing an electrochemical cell as defined above, in that the structure of the electronic cell is prepared from a mother unit as defined above by a coextrusion step implemented with a coextrusion device comprising at least one multiplying element.

[0020] Surprisingly, the inventors have demonstrated that the preparation of electrochemical cells, particularly semi-solid electrochemical cells, using a coextrusion process implemented with a coextrusion device comprising at least one multiplier element, makes it possible to obtain electrochemical cells with improved performance in terms of energy density, power, and their ratio, particularly compared to conventional electrochemical cells. Indeed, the implementation of this coextrusion process and the use of suitable material compositions make it possible to prepare electrochemical cells comprising a multitude of units formed from thin material layers.These electrochemical cells can comprise a large number of material layers (e.g., dozens, hundreds, or even thousands of material layers) of small to very small thickness (e.g., layers less than 30 pm thick). This multilayer structure can enable electrochemical cells with an energy density exceeding 300 Wh / kg, while maintaining a capacity greater than 90% at a 10°C regime. Detailed description

[0021] The invention is now described in more detail and in a non-limiting manner in the following description. Electrochemical cell

[0022] In one aspect, the present invention relates to an electrochemical cell comprising a structure comprising at least 2 units (also referred to as "daughter units", in that each unit comprises at least one layer of thermoplastic electronically conductive collector (A), at least one anode layer (B), at least one electrolyte layer (C) and at least one cathode layer (D).

[0023] With regard to the electrochemical cell, the term "layer" refers to the layers forming the units of the structures prepared by a coextrusion step implemented with a coextrusion device comprising at least one multiplying element (hereafter referred to as the coextrusion-multiplication step), as defined below. The structure of the electrochemical cell corresponds to the layered structure obtained after implementation of the coextrusion-multiplication step.

[0024] The layers (B), (C) and (D) composing the units are thin (micrometer scale) or even very thin (nanometer scale) layers. By extension, electrochemical cells comprising a structure including units comprising thin (B), (C) and (D) layers (microlayers) are now called micrometer scale electrochemical cells; and electrochemical cells comprising a structure including units comprising very thin (B), (C) and (D) layers (nanolayers) are now called nanometer scale electrochemical cells.

[0025] For example, the thin (micrometer scale) layers (B), (C) and (D) can have a thickness of 1 to 10 pm, alternatively from 10 to less than 20 pm, alternatively from 20 to less than 30 pm, alternatively from 30 to less than 40 pm, alternately from 40 to under 50 pm, alternately from 50 to under 60 pm, alternately from 60 to just under 70 pm, alternately from 70 to just under 80 pm, alternately from 80 to just under 90 pm, alternately from 90 to just under 100 pm, alternatively from 100 to before 110 pm, alternatively from 110 to before 120 pm, alternatively from 120 to before 130 pm, alternatively from 130 to before 140 pm, alternatively from 140 to before 150 pm, alternatively from 150 to before 160 pm, alternatively from 160 to before 170 pm, alternatively from 170 to before 180 pm, alternatively from 180 to before 190 pm, alternatively from 190 to before 200 pm, alternatively from 200 to before 210 pm, alternatively from 210 to 220 pm, alternatively from 220 to 230 pm, alternatively from 230 to before 240 pm, alternatively from 240 to before 250 pm, alternatively from 250 to less than 260 pm, alternatively from 260 to less than 270 pm, alternatively from 270 to less than 280 pm, alternatively from 280 to less than 290 pm, alternatively from 290 to less than 300 pm.For example, the very thin (nanometer scale) layers (B), (C) and (D) can have a thickness of 1 to less than 100 nm, alternatively 100 to less than 200 nm, alternatively 200 to less than 300 nm, alternatively 300 to less than 400 nm, alternatively 400 to less than 500 nm, alternatively 500 to less than 600 nm, alternatively 600 to less than 700 nm, alternatively 700 to less than 800 nm, alternatively 800 to less than 900 nm, alternatively 900 to less than 1 pm.

[0026] The anode layers (B) may have a thickness of 30 pm or less; preferably 10 pm or less; most preferably 5 pm or less. In one embodiment, the anode layers (B) are very thin (micrometer scale). They may have a thickness of 1 to 30 pm; preferably 1 to 10 pm; most preferably 1 to 5 pm. In an alternative embodiment, the anode layers (B) are very thin (nanometer scale). They may have a thickness of less than 1 pm; preferably 1 to 500 nm; most preferably 1 to 100 nm.

[0027] The electrolyte layers (C) may have a thickness of 30 pm or less; preferably 10 pm or less; most preferably 5 pm or less. In one embodiment, the electrolyte layers (C) are very thin (micrometer scale). They may have a thickness of 1 to 30 pm; preferably 1 to 10 pm; most preferably 1 to 5 pm. In an alternative embodiment, the electrolyte layers (C) are very thin (nanometer scale). They may have a thickness of less than 1 pm; preferably 1 to 500 nm; most preferably 1 to 100 nm.

[0028] The cathode layers (D) may have a thickness of 30 pm or less; preferably 10 pm or less; most preferably 5 pm or less. In one embodiment, the cathode layers (D) are very thin (micrometer scale). They may have a thickness of 1 to 30 pm; preferably 1 to 10 pm; most preferably 1 to 5 pm. In an alternative embodiment, the cathode layers (D) are very thin (nanometer scale). They may have a thickness of less than 1 pm; preferably 1 to 500 nm; most preferably 1 to 100 nm.

[0029] The thermoplastic electronic conductive collector layers (A) can have a thickness of 100 nm to 30 pm; preferably from 100 nm to 5 pm.

[0030] In one embodiment, the anode layer (B) has a conductivity greater than 0.05 ms / cm at a temperature of 25 °C.

[0031] In one embodiment, the electrolyte layer (C) has a conductivity greater than 0.05 ms / cm at a temperature of 25°C.

[0032] In one embodiment, the cathode layer (D) has a conductivity greater than 0.05 ms / cm at a temperature of 25°C.

[0033] In one embodiment, the thermoplastic electronically conductive collector layer (A) has a conductivity of 107 mS / cm or less, at a temperature of 25°C. The conductivity of the layers, or of the materials composing them, can be measured using the following method: the ionic conductivity of the layers is measured at a temperature of 25°C by electrochemical impedance spectrophotometry in a button cell, in which the layer is placed between two steel electrodes. The layer's resistance R is obtained by extrapolating (using a linear model) the low-frequency quasi-linear portion of the impedance spectrum. The resistance R is taken at the intersection of the x-axis of the Nyquist diagram. Therefore, the ionic conductivity θ is obtained using the equation θ = d / (RxA), where d is the layer thickness and A is the electrode area.

[0034] In one embodiment, the thermoplastic electronic conductive collector layer (A) has a resistivity of less than 45 Q.cm2.

[0035] The resistivity of the layers can be measured using the method disclosed in EP 3699988 AL

[0036] The structure forming the electrochemical cell may comprise at least 4 units (for example, from 4 to 4096 units); preferably at least 8 units; most preferably at least 32 units. For example, the structure forming the electrochemical cell may comprise 4 units, alternatively 8 units, alternatively 16 units, alternatively 32 units, alternatively 64 units, alternatively 128 units, alternatively 256 units, alternatively 512 units, alternatively 1024 units, alternatively 2048 units, alternatively 4096 units. In one embodiment, the structure forming the electrochemical cell comprises 2An units where n denotes the number of multiplier elements of the coextrusion device. For example, if the unit comprises four different layers, the structure forming the electrochemical cell comprises 2A(n+2) layers where n denotes the number of multiplier elements of the coextrusion device.

[0037] In one embodiment, the anode layers (B) and the cathode layers (D) are not adjacent within each unit and within the structure grouping them.

[0038] In one embodiment, the thermoplastic electronic conductive collector layers (A) are adjacent to an anode layer (B), on the one hand, and to a cathode layer (D), on the other hand.

[0039] At least one layer of thermoplastic electronically conductive collector (A) may comprise a thermoplastic polymer and an electrically conductive filler. In one embodiment, at least one layer of thermoplastic electronically conductive collector (A) comprises from 10 to 60% of a thermoplastic polymer and from 40 to 90% of an electrically conductive filler, by weight per total weight of the layer.

[0040] The at least one anode layer (B) may comprise a thermoplastic polymer, an ionic liquid, an alkali metal salt, optionally an electrically conductive filler, and an anode active material. In one embodiment, the at least one anode layer (B) comprises 1 to 30% of a thermoplastic polymer, 3 to 30% of an ionic liquid, 0.2 to 10% of an alkali metal salt, and 0 to 10% of a filler electrically conductive and 40 to 95% anode active material, by weight per total weight of the layer.

[0041] The at least one electrolyte layer (C) may comprise a thermoplastic polymer, an ionic liquid, optionally an alkali metal salt, and optionally an electrically insulating charge. In one embodiment, the at least one electrolyte layer (C) comprises 10 to 60% of a thermoplastic polymer, 10 to 60% of an ionic liquid, 0 to 20% of an alkali metal salt, and 0 to 50% of an electrically insulating charge, by weight per total weight of the layer.

[0042] The at least one cathode layer (D) may comprise a thermoplastic polymer, an ionic liquid, an alkali metal salt, optionally an electrically conductive charge and a cathode active material. In one embodiment, the at least one cathode layer (D) comprises from 1 to 30% of a thermoplastic polymer, from 3 to 30% of an ionic liquid, from 0.2 to 10% of an alkali metal salt, from 0 to 10% of an electrically conductive charge and from 40 to 95% of a cathode active material, by weight by total weight of the layer.

[0043] The structure comprising at least two units can be prepared by a coextrusion step implemented with a coextrusion device comprising at least one multiplier element, as defined below.

[0044] The structure may also include at least one sacrificial layer (E) at its periphery; preferably at least one sacrificial layer on each side of the structure. The at least one sacrificial layer may have a thickness of 1 to 500 µm.

[0045] For example, the sacrificial layer (E) can be a layer corresponding to a thermoplastic electronically conductive collector layer, such as the thermoplastic electronically conductive collector layer (A) defined above.

[0046] Sacrificial layers can be added after preparation of the structure comprising at least two units by implementing a co-extrusion step, without the use of a multiplying element (hereafter referred to as the simple co-extrusion process).

[0047] The electrochemical cell can have a potential of 1 to 6 V. For example, the electrochemical cell can have a potential of 1 to 1.5 V, alternatively of 1.5 to 2 V, alternatively of 2 to 2.5 V, alternatively of 2.5 to 3 V, alternatively of 3 to 3.5 V, alternatively of 3.5 to 4 V, alternatively of 4 to 4.5 V, alternatively of 4.5 to 5 V, alternatively of 5 to 5.5 V, alternatively of 5.5 to 6 V.

[0048] The electrochemical cell can be chosen from among semi-solid electrochemical cells.

[0049] Electrochemical cells can be used in many applications, including applications selected from the group consisting of devices electronics (e.g. connected objects, mobile phones, tablets, computers), household appliances (e.g. vacuum cleaners, drills), means of transport (e.g. bicycles, motorcycles, cars, trucks, airplanes).

[0050] Electrochemical cells can be used conventionally in various devices, for example in series or in parallel, particularly in parallel. Mother unit

[0051] In another aspect, the present invention relates to a mother unit for the preparation of an electrochemical cell as defined above. The mother unit comprises at least one layer of thermoplastic electronically conductive collector (a), at least one anode layer (b), at least one electrolyte microlayer (c) and at least one cathode microlayer (d).

[0052] With regard to the parent unit (which may also be called the substrate or film), the term "layer" refers to the layers (macrolayers) forming the parent unit before the implementation of the coextrusion-multiplication step (macrolayers). The parent unit therefore corresponds to a layered structure before the implementation of the coextrusion-multiplication step.

[0053] The thermoplastic electronic conductive collector layers (a) have a thickness of 100 mm or less; preferably a thickness of 50 pm to 100 mm.

[0054] The anode layers (b) have a thickness of 100 mm or less; preferably a thickness of 50 pm to 100 mm.

[0055] The electrolyte layers (c) have a thickness of 100 mm or less; preferably a thickness of 50 pm to 100 mm.

[0056] The layers (d) have a thickness of 100 mm or less; preferably a thickness of 50 pm to 100 mm.

[0057] At least one thermoplastic electronically conductive collector layer (a) may comprise a thermoplastic polymer and an electrically conductive filler. In one embodiment, the thermoplastic electronically conductive collector layer (a) comprises from 10 to 60% of a thermoplastic polymer and from 40 to 90% of an electrically conductive filler, by weight per total weight of the layer.

[0058] The at least one anode layer (b) may comprise a thermoplastic polymer, an ionic liquid, an alkali metal salt, optionally an electrically conductive charge, and an anode active material. In one embodiment, the anode layer (b) comprises 1 to 30% of a thermoplastic polymer, 3 to 30% of an ionic liquid, 0.2 to 10% of an alkali metal salt, and 0 to 10% of a charge electrically conductive and 40 to 95% anode active material, by weight per total weight of the layer.

[0059] The electrolyte layer (c) may comprise a thermoplastic polymer, an ionic liquid, optionally an alkali metal salt, and optionally an electrically insulating charge. The electrolyte layer (c) comprises 10 to 60% of a thermoplastic polymer, 10 to 60% of an ionic liquid, 0 to 20% of an alkali metal salt, and 0 to 50% of an electrically insulating charge, by weight per total weight of the layer.

[0060] The cathode layer (d) may comprise a thermoplastic polymer, an ionic liquid, an alkali metal salt, optionally an electrically conductive charge, and a cathode active material. The cathode layer (d) comprises from 1 to 30% of a thermoplastic polymer, from 3 to 30% of an ionic liquid, from 0.2 to 10% of an alkali metal salt, from 0 to 10% of an electrically conductive charge, and from 40 to 95% of a cathode active material, by weight per total weight of the layer.

[0061] In one embodiment, the anode layers (b) and the cathode layers (d) are not adjacent within the parent unit. Alternatively, the order of the different layers within the parent unit can vary depending on the type of electrochemical cell desired.

[0062] The parent unit may be a parent unit of structure abcd(a). A parent unit of structure abcd(a) comprises: - at least one first layer of thermoplastic electronic conductive collector (a); - at least one second anode layer (b), adjacent to at least the first microlayer (a); - at least one third layer of electrolyte (c), adjacent to at least the second microlayer (b); - at least a fourth cathode layer (d), adjacent to at least the third layer (c); and - optionally at least a fifth layer of thermoplastic electronic conductive collector (a), adjacent to at least the fourth layer (d).

[0063] Alternatively, the parent unit may be a parent unit of structure adcb(a). A parent unit of structure adcb(a) comprises: - at least one first layer of thermoplastic electronic conductive collector (a); - at least one second cathode layer (d), adjacent to at least the first microlayer (a); - at least one third layer of electrolyte (c), adjacent to at least the second microlayer (d); - at least a fourth anode layer (b), adjacent to at least the third layer (c); and - optionally at least a fifth layer of thermoplastic electronic conductive collector (a), adjacent to at least the fourth layer (b).

[0064] The parent unit can be prepared by implementing a co-extrusion step, without the use of a multiplying element.

[0065] The mother unit can be prepared from at least one thermoplastic electronic conductive collector composition (a), at least one anode composition (b), at least one electrolyte composition (c) and at least one cathode composition (d).

[0066] In one embodiment, the anode composition (b) has a molten viscosity between 10 and 10,000 Pa.s according to ASTM D3835 (temperature of 200°C, shear rate of 100 s1).

[0067] In one embodiment, the electrolyte composition (c) has a molten viscosity of between 10 and 10,000 Pa.s according to ASTM D3835 (temperature of 200°C, shear rate of 100 s1).

[0068] In one embodiment, the cathode composition (d) has a molten viscosity of between 10 and 10,000 Pa.s according to ASTM D3835 (temperature of 200°C, shear rate of 100 s1).

[0069] In one embodiment, the composition of a thermoplastic electronic conductive collector (a) has a molten viscosity between 100 and 100,000 Pa.s according to ASTM D3835 (temperature of 230°C, shear rate of 100 s*)

[0070] The ratio of the viscosity of the cathode composition (d) to that of the electrolyte composition (c) can be from 0.1 to 10. In an embodiment corresponding to nanometric electrochemical cells, the ratio of the viscosity of the cathode composition (d) to that of the electrolyte composition (c) is between 0.2 and 5.

[0071] The viscosity ratio of the cathode composition (d) to that of the anode composition (b) can be from 0.1 to 10. In an embodiment corresponding to nanometric electrochemical cells, the viscosity ratio of the cathode composition (d) to that of the anode composition (b) is between 0.2 and 5.

[0072] The viscosity ratio of the electrolyte composition (c) to that of the anode composition (b) can be from 0.1 to 10. In an embodiment corresponding to nanometric electrochemical cells, the viscosity ratio of the composition of the electrolyte (c) relative to that of the composition of the anode (b) is between 0.2 and 5.

[0073] At least one thermoplastic electronic conductive collector composition (a) may be in the form of granules.

[0074] At least one anode composition (b) is in the form of granules.

[0075] At least one electrolyte composition (c) is in the form of granules.

[0076] At least one cathode composition (d) is in the form of granules. Thermoplastic polymer

[0077] The thermoplastic polymer can be selected from the group consisting of a fluorinated polymer, a hydrophilic polymer, a polyamide, a polyimide, a polyamideimide, a polyamic acid, a polyaryletherketone, a polyolefin, a polysulfone, a polyelectrolyte, polyoxyethylene or mixtures thereof; preferably from the group consisting of a fluorinated polymer, a hydrophilic polymer or mixtures thereof.

[0078] Said fluorinated polymer may comprise in its chain at least repeating units of a fluorinated monomer selected from compounds containing a vinyl group capable of opening to polymerize and which contains, directly attached to this vinyl group, at least one fluorine atom, a fluoroalkyl group or a fluoroalkoxy group.

[0079] Said fluorinated polymer may comprise repeating units from a monomer selected from the group consisting of vinyl fluoride; vinylidene fluoride (VDF); trifluoroethylene (TrFE); chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE); 1,2-difluoroethylene; tetrafluoroethylene (TFE); hexafluoropropylene (HFP); perfluoro(alkyl vinyl) ethers such as perfluoro(methyl vinyl) ether (PMVE), perfluoro(ethyl vinyl) ether (PEVE) and perfluoro(propyl vinyl) ether (PPVE); perfluoro(1,3-dioxole); perfluoro(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxole) (PDD); the product of formula CF2=CFOCF2CF(CF3)OCF2CF2X in which X is SO2F, CO2H, CH2OH, CH2OCN or CH2OPO3H; the product of formula CF2=CFOCF2CF2SO2F; the product of formula F(CF2)nCH2OCF=CF2 in which n is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; the product of formula R1CH2OCF=CF2 in which R1 is hydrogen or F(CF2)m and m is 1, 2, 3 or 4; the product of formula R2OCF=CH2 in which R2 is F(CF2)p and p is 1, 2, 3 or 4; perfluorobutylethylene (PFBE);trifluoropropene, tetrafluoropropene, hexafluoroisobutylene, perfluorobutylethylene, pentafluoropropene, bromotrifluoroethylene, chlorofluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoropropene and 2-trifluoromethyl-3,3,3-trifluoro-l-propene or a mixture thereof. Among the trifluoropropenes, 3,3,3-trifluoropropene can be mentioned. Examples of tetrafluoropropenes include 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, 1,3,3,3- Tetrafluoropropene. Pentafluoropropene includes 1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoropropene and 1,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropene. Chlorofluoroethylene can refer to either 1-chloro-1-fluoroethylene or 1-chloro-2-fluoroethylene. The 1-chloro-1-fluoroethylene isomer is preferred. Chlorotrifluoropropene is preferentially 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene or 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene.

[0080] In particular, said fluorinated polymer may comprise at least repeating units derived from a monomer being vinylidene fluoride. The fluorinated polymer may be a homopolymer or a copolymer of vinylidene fluoride.

[0081] The fluorinated polymer can be a vinylidene fluoride homopolymer.

[0082] According to another particular embodiment, the fluorinated polymer is a polymer comprising repeating units from a monomer being vinylidene fluoride and repeating units from a fluorinated monomer Ml copolymerizable with vinylidene fluoride.

[0083] Said fluorinated polymer may comprise repeating units from a vinylidene fluoride monomer and repeating units from a fluorinated monomer Ml selected from the group consisting of vinyl fluoride; trifluoroethylene (TrFE); chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE); 1,2-difluoroethylene; tetrafluoroethylene (TFE); hexafluoropropylene (HFP); perfluoro(alkyl vinyl) ethers such as perfluoro(methyl vinyl) ether (PMVE), perfluoro(ethyl vinyl) ether (PEVE) and perfluoro(propyl vinyl) ether (PPVE); perfluoro(1,3-dioxole); perfluoro(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxole) (PDD); the product of formula CF2=CFOCF2CF(CF3)OCF2CF 2X in which X is SO2F, CO2H, CH2OH, CH2OCN or CH2OPO3H; the product of formula CF2=CFOCF2CF2SO2F; the product of formula F(CF2)nCH2OCF=CF2 in which n is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; the product of formula R1CH2OCF=CF2 in which R1 is hydrogen or F(CF2)m and m is 1, 2, 3 or 4;the product of formula R2OCF=CH2 in which R2 is F(CF2)p and p is 1, 2, 3 or 4; perfluorobutyl ethylene (PFBE); trifluoropropene, tetrafluoropropene, hexafluoroisobutylene, perfluorobutylethylene, pentafluoropropene, bromotrifluoroethylene, chlorofluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoropropene and 2-trifluoromethyl-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propene or a mixture thereof.

[0084] Said fluorinated polymer may comprise repeating units derived from a vinylidene fluoride monomer and repeating units derived from a fluorinated monomer Ml selected from the group consisting of vinyl fluoride; trifluoroethylene; chlorotrifluoroethylene; 1,2-difluoroethylene; tetrafluoroethylene; hexafluoropropylene; perfluoro(alkyl vinyl)ethers such as perfluoro(methyl vinyl)ether, perfluoro(ethyl vinyl)ether or perfluoro(propyl vinyl)ether; perfluoro(1,3-dioxole); perfluoro(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxole); the product of formula CF2 =CFOCF2CF(CF3)OCF2CF2X in which X is SO2F, CO2H, CH2OH, CH2 OCN or CH2OPO3H; the product of formula CF2=CFOCF2CF2SO2F; the product of formula F(CF2)nCH2OCF=CF2 in which n is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; the product of formula R'CH2OCF=CF2 in which R' is hydrogen or F(CF2)z and z is 1, 2, 3 or 4; the product of formula R”OCF=CH2 in which R” is F(CF2)z and z is 1, 2, 3 or 4; trifluoropropene, tetrafluoropropene, hexafluoroisobutylene, perfluorobutylethylene, pentafluoropropene, bromotrifluoroethylene, chlorofluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoropropene or 2-trifluoromethyl-3,3,3-trifluoro-l-propene or a mixture thereof.

[0085] Said fluorinated polymer may comprise repeating units from a monomer being vinylidene fluoride and repeating units from a fluorinated monomer Ml selected from the group consisting of trifluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, 1,2-difluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoropropylene or a mixture thereof.The polymer said may be, for example, a copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropene, a copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and trifluoroethylene, a copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and tetrafluoroethylene, a copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and chlorotrifluoroethylene, a terpolymer of vinylidene fluoride, chlorotrifluoroethylene and tetrafluoroethylene, a terpolymer of vinylidene fluoride, chlorotrifluoroethylene and trifluoroethylene, a terpolymer of vinylidene fluoride, trifluoroethylene and hexafluoropropene, a terpolymer of vinylidene fluoride, tetrafluoroethylene and 1,1-chlorofluoroethylene or a terpolymer of vinylidene fluoride, hexafluoropropene and tetrafluoroethylene.

[0086] Said fluorinated polymer may be a poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) or poly(vinylidene fluoride-chlorotrifluoroethylene) copolymer. In this case, said fluorinated polymer may preferably have a vinylidene fluoride repeating unit content of at least 50% by weight based on the total weight of said fluorinated polymer, advantageously at least 60% by weight, preferably at least 70% by weight, more preferably at least 80% by weight, in particular at least 85% by weight based on the total weight of said fluorinated polymer. Preferably, said fluorinated polymer may have a weight content of repeating units from vinylidene fluoride of between 60% and 99.5% and of 0.5% to 40% by weight of repeating units from chlorotrifluoroethylene or hexafluoropropylene on the basis of the total weight of said fluorinated polymer.In particular, said fluorinated polymer may preferably have a weight content in repeating units from vinylidene fluoride of between 60% and 99.5%, advantageously between 65% and 99%, preferably between 70% and 98%. in particular between 75% and 97%, more particularly between 80% and 96%, preferably between 85% and 95%; and from 0.5% to 40% by weight of repeating units from chlorotrifluoroethylene or hexafluoropropylene, advantageously between 1% and 35%, preferably between 2% and 30%, in particular between 3% and 25%, more particularly between 4% and 20%, preferably between 5% and 15% on the basis of the total weight of said fluorinated polymer.

[0087] Said fluorinated polymer may optionally comprise repeating units derived from a monomer Ml” of formula RaRbC=C(Rc)C(O)Rd in which the substituents Ra, Rb and Rc are independently selected from the group consisting of H and Ci-C5 alkyl; Rd is selected from the group consisting of -NHC(CH3)2CH2C(O)CH3 or -ORd' with Rd' selected from the group consisting of H and Ci-Ci8 alkyl optionally substituted by one or more -OH, -CO2H, -SO3H, -PO3H, -OC(O)Rd”, -C(O)O-Rd” or a five- or ten-membered heterocycle comprising at least one nitrogen atom in its cyclic chain; Rd” being selected from the group consisting of Ci-C6 alkyl or C6-Ci2 aryl optionally substituted by one or more Group(s) -OH, -CO2H, -SO3H, -PO3H. Said heterocycle may be saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic. Said heterocycle may be monocyclic or bicyclic.The heterocycle may be a pyrrole, pyrrolidine, pyridine, piperidine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, 1,4-dihydropyridine, indole, oxindole, isatin, quinoline, isoquinoline, quinazoline, imidazoline, pyrazolidine, 2-pyrrolidone, delta-lactam, succinimide, 2-imidazolidinone, or 4-imidazolidinone ring. The heterocycle may be substituted by one or more Ci-C5 alkyl groups. As mentioned above, the Ci-Ci8 alkyl group is optionally substituted by the heterocycle. The heterocycle may be linked to the alkyl chain by the nitrogen atom or any other atom forming the heterocycle. Preferably the heterocycle is 2-pyrrolidone, delta-lactam, succinimide, 2-imidazolidinone, 4-imidazolidinone.The monomer Ml” may be of the formula RaRbC=C(Rc)C(O)Rd in which the substituents Ra, Rb and Rc are independently selected from the group consisting of H and Ci-C5 alkyl; Rd is selected from the group consisting of -NHC(CH3)2CH2C(O)CH3 or -ORd' with Rd' selected from the group consisting of H and CrCi8 alkyl optionally substituted by one or more -OH, -CO2H, -SO3H, -PO3H, -OC(O)Rd”, -C(O)O-Rd” or a five- or ten-membered heterocycle comprising at least one nitrogen atom in its cyclic chain; Rd” being selected from the group consisting of Ci-C6 alkyl or C6-Ci2 aryl optionally substituted by one or more -OH, -CO2H, -SO3H, -PO3H. Preferably, the heterocycle is as defined above, in particular. The heterocycle is 2-pyrrolidone, deltalactam, succinimide, 2-imidazolidinone, 4-imidazolidinone. Preferably, the substituent Rd' is selected from the group consisting of H, methyl, ethyl, propyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, t-butyl, n-dodecyl, amyl, isoamyl, hexyl, 2-ethylhexyl, lauryl, n-octyl, hydroxyethyl, hydroxybutyl, hydroxypropyl, ethyl substituted by a ureido group. In particular, said monomer Ml” has the formula RaRbC=C(Rc)C(O)Rd in which the substituents Ra and Rb are H; Rc is H or CH3; Rd is -ORd' with Rd' selected from the group consisting of H, methyl, ethyl, propyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, t-butyl, hydroxypropyl, hydroxybutyl, 2-pyrrolidone, delta-lactam, succinimide, 2-imidazolidinone, 4-imidazolidinone. More particularly, said monomer Ml” may be acrylic acid, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, t-butyl acrylate,n-dodecyl acrylate, amyl acrylate, isoamyl acrylate, hexyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, diacetone acrylamide, lauryl acrylate, n-octyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl methacrylate, hydroxybutyl methacrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate, hydroxybutyl acrylate, methyl acrylic acid, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, propyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, t-butyl methacrylate, n-dodecyl methacrylate, amyl methacrylate, isoamyl methacrylate, hexyl methacrylate, methacrylate 2-ethylhexyl, lauryl methacrylate, n-octyl methacrylate, ureido methacrylate, monomers of formula CH2=CH(CO2CH2CH2CO2H), CH2=CH(CO2CH2CH2-OC(O)-CH2CH2CO2H), CH2=CH(CO2CH2CH2CH2-OC(O)-CH2CH2CO2H), CH2=CH(CO2CH(CH3)CH2-OC(O)-CH2CH2CO2H),CH2=CH(CO2CH2CH2-OC(O)-C6H4CO2H), CH2=CH(CO2CH2CH2CH2CH(CO2H)CH2CH2CO2H); and mixtures thereof. Among these, said monomer M1” with an alkyl group having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms is preferred, and an alkyl group having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms is more preferable. Said fluorinated polymer may comprise one or more repeating units derived from said monomer M1” as defined herein.

[0088] Said fluorinated polymer may comprise repeating units derived from a vinylidene fluoride monomer, repeating units derived from a fluorinated monomer Ml, repeating units derived from a non-fluorinated monomer Ml” of formula RaRbC=C(Rb)C(O)Rd; said monomers Ml and Ml” being as defined above. For example, said fluorinated polymer may comprise repeating units derived from a vinylidene fluoride monomer, repeating units derived from a fluorinated monomer Ml being hexafluoropropene, and repeating units derived from a non-fluorinated monomer Ml” selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl methacrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate, methyl acrylic acid, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, propyl methacrylate, monomers of formula CH2=CH(CO2CH2CH2CO2H), CH2=CH(CO2CH2CH2-OC(O)-CH2CH2CO2H), CH2=CH(CO2CH2CH2CH2-OC(O)-CH2CH2CO2H), CH2=CH(CO2CH(CH3)CH2-OC(O)-CH2CH2CO2H), CH2=CH(CO2CH2CH2-OC(O)-C6H4CO2H), CH2=CH(CO2CH2CH2CH2CH(CO2H)CH2CH2CO2H); and mixtures thereof.

[0089] When said fluorinated polymer comprises repeating units derived from monomer Ml”, these are present in a mass content of less than 5%, preferably less than 3% based on the total weight of said fluorinated polymer. Preferably, the mass content of repeating units derived from monomer Ml” may be between 0.01% and 5%, advantageously between 0.05% and 3%, preferably between 0.1% and 2%, in particular between 0.1% and 1% based on the total weight of said fluorinated polymer.

[0090] Said hydrophilic polymer may comprise monomeric units derived from a monomer Mlb of formula (I), (II), (III), (IV), (V) or a mixture thereof R1R2C=C(R3)((X2)PC(O)R4) (I) R5R6C=C(R7)(OC(O)R8) (II) R9R10C=CR11C(O)OC(O)CR12=CR13R14 (III)

[0091] in which R1, R2 and R3 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, CO2H and Ci-C5 alkyl; R4 is, independently for each unit n, selected from the group consisting of -NHC(CH3)2CH2C(O)CH3 and -OR25 with R25 selected from the group consisting of H and Ci-Ci8 alkyl optionally substituted by one or more group(s) selected from the group consisting of -OH, -CO2H, SO3H, -OPO32, -C(O)OR25, -OC(O)R25, and a five- or six-membered heterocycle comprising at least one nitrogen atom in its cyclic chain; R25 is selected from the group consisting of Ci-C5 alkyl and C6-Ci2 aryl substituted by one or more CO2H functional groups; X2 is selected from the group consisting of -[-C(O)OC(R26)(R27)C(R28)(R29)-]wr and an alkyl Ci-Cio hydrocarbon group optionally bearing one or more -OH, -CO2H or ester(s) group(s); with wl being an integer from 1 to 50, advantageously from 1 to 25, preferably from 1 to 10, in particular from 1 to 5; R26, R, R, R are independently of each other, independently for each wl unit, selected from the group consisting of H and alkyl Ci-C5; p' is 0 or 1; R5, R6 and R7 are independently selected from the group consisting of H and Ci-C5 alkyl; R8 is CrC5 alkyl; R9, R10, R11, R12, R13, R14, R15, R16, R17, R18, R19, R20, R21, R22, R23 and R24 are independently selected from the group consisting of H and Cr C5 alkyl, preferentially selected from the group consisting of H and CH3.

[0092] An ester group(s) as defined in this application is of formula -OC(O)R30 with R30 being Ci-C5 alkyl and C6-Ci2 aryl substituted by one or more CO2H functional groups.

[0093] Said hydrophilic polymer may comprise residues of a monomer Mlb of formula (I), (II), (III), (IV) or (V) or a mixture thereof in which R1, R2 and R3 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, CO2H and Ci-C5 alkyl; R4 is, independently for each unit n, selected from the group consisting of -NHC(CH3)2CH2C(O)CH3 and -OR25 with R25 selected from the group consisting of H and Ci-Cio alkyl optionally substituted by one or more group(s) selected from the group consisting of -OH, -CO2H, SO3H, -OPO32, -C(O)OR25, -OC(O)R25, and a five- or six-membered heterocycle comprising at least one nitrogen atom in its cyclic chain; R25 is selected from the group consisting of Ci-C5 alkyl and C6-Ci2 aryl substituted by one or more CO2H functional groups; X2 is selected from the group consisting of -[-C(O)OC(R26)(R27)C(R28)(R29)-]wr and a Ci-C5 alkyl hydrocarbon group optionally bearing one or more -OH, -CO2H or ester(s) group(s); with wl being an integer from 1 to 50, advantageously from 1 to 25, preferably from 1 to 10, in particular from 1 to 5; R, R, R, R are independently of each other, independently for each unit wl, selected from the group consisting of H and CrC3 alkyl; p' is 0 or 1; R5, R6 and R7 are independently selected from the group consisting of H and CrC3 alkyl; R8 is C1-C5 alkyl; R9, R10, R11, R12, R13, R14, R15, R16, R17, R18, R19, R20, R21, R22, R23 and R24 are independently selected from the group consisting of H and Cr C3 alkyl, preferentially selected from the group consisting of H and CH3.

[0094] In particular, said hydrophilic polymer comprises residues of a monomer Mlb of formula (I), (II), (III), (IV) or (V) or a mixture thereof

[0095] in which R1, R2 and R3 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, CO2H and CrC3 alkyl; R4 is, independently for each unit n, selected from the group consisting of -NHC(CH3)2CH2C(O)CH3 and -OR25 with R25 selected from the group consisting of H and CrCi8 alkyl optionally substituted by one or more group(s) selected from the group consisting of -OH, -CO2H, SO3H, -OPO32, -C(O)OR25, -OC(O)R25, and a five- or six-membered heterocycle comprising at least one nitrogen atom in its cyclic chain;

[0096] R25 is selected from the group consisting of C1-C5 alkyl and C6-Ci2 aryl substituted by one or more CO2H functional groups; X2 is selected from the group consisting of -[-C(O)OC(R26)(R27)C(R28)(R29)-]wr and a C1-C5 alkyl hydrocarbon group optionally bearing one or more -OH, -CO2H or ester group(s); with wl being an integer from 1 to 5; R, R, R, R are independently of each other, independently for each unit wl, selected from the group consisting of H and CrC3 alkyl;

[0097] p' is 0 or 1; R5, R6 and R7 are independently selected from the group consisting of H and CrC3 alkyl; R8 is Ci-C3 alkyl; R9, R10, R11, R12, R13, R14, R15, R16, R17, R18, R19, R20, R21, R22, R23 and R24 are independently selected from the group consisting of H and CH3.

[0098] Said monomer Mlb may be selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, 2-carboxyethyl acrylate, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, maleic anhydride, methacrylic anhydride, tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, fumaric acid, crotonic acid, itaconic acid, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, t-butyl acrylate, acrylate n-dodecyl acrylate, amyl acrylate, isoamyl acrylate, hexyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, diacetone acrylamide, lauryl acrylate, n-octyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxybutyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl methacrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxybutyl methacrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, propyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, t-butyl methacrylate, n-dodecyl methacrylate, amyl methacrylate, isoamyl methacrylate, hexyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, lauryl methacrylate, n-octyl methacrylate, ureido methacrylate, phosphate ethylene glycol methacrylate and mixtures thereof.

[0099] In one embodiment, the thermoplastic polymer has a melt viscosity of 700 Pa.s 1 according to ASTM D3835 (temperature of 230°C, shear rate of 100 s1). Alkaline metal salt

[0100] The alkali metal salt may be selected from the group consisting of a lithium salt, a sodium salt, a potassium salt or a mixture of these; preferentially among the group consisting of LiCF3SO3, LiPF6, LiC104, LiBF4, LiB(C2O4)2, LiN(SO2F)2, LiN(SO2CF3)2, LiN(SO2C2F3)2, LiN(SO2CF2CF3)2, LiN(SO2F)(SO2CF3), LiN(SO2F)(SO2CF2CF3), LiN(SO2CF3)(SO2CF2CF3), LiAsF6, LiBF2C2O4, LiNO3, LiPF3(CF2CF3)3, LiTDI, NaCF3SO3, NaPF6, NaC104, NaBF4, NaB(C2O4)2, NaN(SO2F)2, NaN(SO2CF3)2, NaN(SO2C2F3)2, NaN(SO2CF2CF3)2, NaN(SO2F)(SO2CF3), NaN(SO2F)(SO2CF2CF3), NaN(SO2CF3)(SO2CF2CF3), NaAsF6, NaBF2C2O4, NaNO3, NaPF3(CF2CF3)3, NaTDI, KCF3SO3, KPF6, KC1O4, KBF4, KB(C2O4)2, KN(SO2F)2, KN(SO2CF3)2, KN(SO2C2F3)2, KN(SO2CF2CF3)2, KN(SO2F)(SO2CF3), KN(SO2F)(SO 2CF2CF3), KN(SO2CF3)(SO2CF2CF3), KAsF6, kbf2c2o4, KN03, KPF3(CF2CF3)3 and KTDI or a mixture thereof;very preferentially from the group consisting of LiCF3SO3, LiPF6, LiC104, LiBF4, LiB(C2O4)2, LiN(SO2F)2, LiN(SO2CF3)2, LiN(SO2C2F 3)2, LiN(SO2CF2CF3)2, LiN(SO2F)(SO2CF3), LiN(SO2F)(SO2CF2CF3), LiN(SO2CF3)(SO 2CF2CF3), LiAsF6, LiBF2C2O4, LiNO3, LiPF3(CF2CF3)3, LiTDI or a mixture thereof. ; Ionic liquid

[0101] An ionic liquid is a liquid salt, that is, it has a melting point below 100°C under atmospheric pressure. It is formed by the association of an organic cation and an anion whose ionic interactions are sufficiently weak so as not to form a solid. The cation of the ionic liquid can be chosen from the group consisting of ammonium, sulfonium, pyridinium, pyrrolidinium, imidazolium, imidazolinium, phosphonium, guanidinium, and piperidinium cations. thiazolium, triazolium, oxazolium, pyrazolium or mixtures thereof. The cation may include a Ci-C30 alkyl group, such as 1-butyl-l-methylpyrrolidinium, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium, N-methyl-N-propylpyrrolidinium or N-methyl-N-butylpiperidinium.

[0102] The anions that are associated with the cations may be chosen from the group consisting of imides, in particular bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide and bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide; borates; phosphates; phosphinates and phosphonates, in particular alkyl-phosphonates; amides, in particular dicyanamide; aluminates, in particular tetrachloroaluminate; halides (such as bromide, chloride, iodide anions); cyanates; acetates (CH3COO), in particular trifluoroacetate; sulfonates, in particular methanesulfonate (CH3SO3), trifluoromethanesulfonate; and sulfates, in particular hydrogen sulfate; an acrylate or a methacrylate.In particular, the anions of the ionic liquid may be selected from the group consisting of tetrafluoroborate (BF4-), bis(oxalato)borate (BOB-), hexafluorophosphate (PF6-), hexafluoroarsenate (AsF6-), triflate or trifluoromethylsulfonate (CF3SO3-), bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (FSL), bis-(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (TFSL), nitrate (NO3-), 4,5-dicyano-2-(trifluoromethyl)imidazole (TDL), an acrylate or a methacrylate, or mixtures thereof. Said anion of the ionic liquid may be selected from the group consisting of TDL, FSL, TFSL, PF6-, BF4-, NO3-, BOB-, CH2=CHCOO-; preferably said anion is FSL. Electrically conductive charge

[0103] In one embodiment, the electrically conductive charge is an electrically conductive carbon charge.

[0104] The electrically conductive carbon filler includes materials that can improve conductivity. The electrically conductive carbon filler can be selected from the group consisting of carbon black (e.g. acetylene black, Ketjen black), carbon fibers (e.g. a carbon nanotube, a carbon nanofiber, a carbon fiber by vapor phase growth), a metal powder (e.g. a SUS powder or an aluminum powder), and mixtures thereof.

[0105] In one embodiment, the electrically conductive carbon charge has a size (D50) of 1 pm or less, preferably 500 nm or less. Anode active material

[0106] The anode active material can be selected from a first group Al consisting of the following materials: Li4Ti5O12; Li4Ti5XMXO[2 with M = V, Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta and 0 < x < 0.25; niobium oxides and mixed niobium oxides with titanium, the germanium, cerium or tungsten (and preferably chosen from the constituent group in Nb2O5±A, Nbi2WO33±A, Nbi4W3O44±A, Nbi8Wi6O93±A , Nbi6W5O55±A with 0 < A < 2, LiNbO3); TiNb2O7±A ; LiwTiNb2O7 with w > 0; Tii_xM1xNb2_yM2yO7±A or LiwTii_xM1xNb2 yM2yO7±A in which M1 and M2 are each at least one element chosen from the group consisting of Nb, V, Ta, Fe, Co, Ti, Bi, Sb, As, P, Cr, Mo, W, B, Na, Mg, Ca, Ba, Pb, Al, Zr, Si, Sr, K, Cs and Sn, M1 and M2 being able to be identical or different from each other, and in which 0 <w<5et0<x< let0<y<2et0 < A < 0,3 ; LaxTii 2xNb2+xO7 où 0 < x < 0,5 ; MxTii_2xNb2+xO7±ôdans lequel M est un élément dont le degré d'oxydation est +III, plus particulièrement M est au moins un des éléments choisi parmi le groupe constituant en Fe, Ga, Mo, Al, B, et où 0<x<0.20 et -0.3<ô <0.3 ; Gao.ioTio.8oNb2.io07 ; Feo.ioTio.8oNb2.ioG7 ;MxTi2_2xNbio+xO29±s in which M is an element with an oxidation state of +III, more particularly M is at least one of the elements chosen from the group consisting of Fe, Ga, Mo, Al, B, and where 0 < x < 0.40 and -0.3 < δ < 0.3; Ti^M^Nb^M^O^M3, or LiwTi1_xM1xNb2_yM2yO7_z M3z in which M1 and M2 are each at least one element chosen from the group constituting Nb, V, Ta, Fe, Co, Ti, Bi, Sb, As, P, Cr, Mo, W, B, Na, Mg, Ca, Ba, Pb, Al, Zr, Si, Sr, K, Cs and Sn, M1 and M2 being able to be identical or different from each other, M3 being at least a halogen, and in which 0 <w<5et0<x< 1 et 0 < y < 2 et z < 0,3 ; TiNb2O7 ZM3Z ou LiwTiNb2O7 ZM3Z dans lesquels M3 est au moins un halogène (préférentiellement choisi parmi le groupe consistant en F, Cl, Br, I ou un mélange de ceux-ci) et 0 < z < 0,3 et 0 < w < 0,5 ; Tii^GexNb^M'yO^ ;LiwTii xGexNb ^yM'yO^z ;Tii xCexNb^yM'yO^z iLiwTii xCexNb^yM'yO^dans where M1 is at least one element chosen from the group constituting Nb, V, Ta, Fe, Co, Ti, Bi, Sb, As, P, Cr, Mo, W, B, Na, Mg, Ca, Ba, Pb, Al, Zr, Si, Sr, K, Cs and Sn, 0 < w < 5 and 0 < x < 1 and 0 < y < 2 and z < 0.3; Tii xGexNb2 yM'yO7 ZM2Z, LiwTii xGexNb2 yM'yO7 ZM2Z, Tii xCex Nb2 yM1yO7 zM2z and / or LCTii^CexNb^yM'yO^M^ in which M1 and M2 are each at least one element chosen from the group constituting Nb, V, Ta, Fe, Co, Ti, Bi, Sb, As, P, Cr, Mo, W, B, Na, Mg, Ca, Ba, Pb, Al, Zr, Si, Sr, K, Cs, Ce and Sn, M1 and M2 being able to be identical or different from each other, and in which 0 < w < 5 and 0 <x<let0<y<2etz< 0,3 ; TiO2; TiOxNy avec x<2et0<y< 0,2 ; LiSiTON, les oxynitrures à base d’étain et de silicium, et plus particulièrement la formulation SiSn0> 87 Oij2oNi 72 and their lithia forms;nitrides and oxynitrides of the type MOxNy where M is at least one element chosen from the group consisting of Ge, Si, Sn, Zn, Co, Ni, Cu, Fe or a mixture thereof, and where x > 0 and y > 0.3; Li3.xMxN with M is at least one element chosen from Cu, Ni, Co or a mixture thereof, and 0 < x < 1; Li3 xMxN with M being cobalt (Co) and 0 < x < 0.5; Li3 xMxN with M being nickel (Ni); and 0 < x < 0.6; Li3 xMxN with M being copper (Cu) and 0 < x < 0.3; lithium iron phosphate (typically LiFePO4); mixed silicon and tin oxynitrides, typically SiaSnbOyNz with a > 0, b > 0, a+b <2, 0 <y<4, 0<z<3, appelés aussi SiTON, et en particulier le SiSn0,8701,2N1j72 ; les oxynitrures-carbures de formule typique SiaSnbCcOyNz avec a> 0, b>0, a + b<2, 0 <c< 10, 0 < y < 24, 0 < z < 17; les nitrures de type SixNy, en particulier avec x = 3 et y = 4 ; SnxNy, en particulier avec x = 3 et y = 4, ZnxNy, en particulier avec x = 3 et y = 2 ; Li3 xMxN avec 0 < x < 0,5 pour M = Co, 0 < x < 0,6 pour M = Ni, 0 < x < 0,3 pour M = Cu; Si3 xMxN4 avec M = Co ou Fe et 0 < x < 3 ; SnO2; son; Li2SnO3; SnSiO3; LixSiOy avec x>0and2>y>0; Li4Ti50i2; TiNb2O7; Co3O4; SnB0.6P0.4O2,9; TiO2; mixed oxides of titanium, niobium, and lanthanum of formula LiwTii_xLaxNb2_yM1yO7_zM2z where 0.03 < x < 0.08, M1 and M2 are at least one element chosen from the constituent group in V, Ta, Fe, Co, Ti, Bi, Sb, As, P, Cr, Mo, W, B, Na, Mg, Ca, Ba, Pb, Al, Zr, Si, Sr, K, Cs, and Sn, 0 < w < 5, 0 < y < 2 and 0 <z< 0,3 ; Si, Sn, SiO2, SnO2, SiN, SnN ; les oxydes composites TiNb2O7 comprenant entre 0% et 10% massique de carbone (préférentiellement le carbone étant choisi parmi le graphène et les nanotubes de carbone); et les mélanges de ceux-ci. .

[0107] The anode active material can be chosen from a first group A2 consisting of the following materials: alloys based on Si, Ge, Sn, Sb, Bi or P and mixtures thereof; MXenes constituting a class of 2D materials with stoichiometry of the type Mn+iXnTx with M being a transition metal (preferably chosen from the group constituting Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W), X being chosen from C and / or N and T being a surface termination chosen from the group consisting of F, Cl, I, Br, O, S, Se, Te, OH, NH2, 1 < n < 4; oxides of the type G2Ti3O7jG4Ti5O12 GTi2 (PO4)3, G being Na or K; oxides, sulfides, selenides, phosphide of the elements Si, Ge, Sn, Sb, Bi or alloys thereof; and mixtures thereof.

[0108] In one embodiment, when the electrochemical cell is a lithium ion electrochemical cell, the anode active material is chosen from the first Al group.

[0109] In one embodiment, when the electrochemical cell is a sodium ion electrochemical cell, the anode active material is chosen from the first group A2.

[0110] In one embodiment, when the electrochemical cell is a potassium ion electrochemical cell, the anode active material is chosen from the first group A2. Cathode active material

[0111] The active cathode material is chosen from a first group Cl consisting of the following materials: LiMn2O4; Lii+xMn2xO4 with 0 < x < 0.15; LiCoO2; LiNiO2; LiMn(j5NiO2j5O4); LiMn(j3NiO3xXxO4) where X is chosen from the group consisting of Al, Fe, Cr, Co, Rh, Nd, other rare earths (e.g. Sc, Y, Lu, La, Ce, Pr, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb) and where 0 < x < 0.1; LiMn(j2xMxO4) with M = Er, Dy, Gd, Tb, Yb, Al, Y, Ni, Co, Ti, Sn, As, Mg or a mixture of these compounds and where 0 < x < 0.4; LiFeO2; LiMn(j3NiO2j3CoO2j3 ... LixMy02 where 0.6 < y < 0.85, 0 < x+y < 2, and M is chosen from the group consisting of Al, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Sn, and Sb or a mixture of these elements; Lii 2oNbo.2oMn0.6002; Lii+xNb yMezApO2 where Me is at least one transition metal chosen from the group consisting of Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Te, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, Au, Hg and where 0.6 <x<l,0<y< 0,5, 0,25 < z < 1, avec A Me et A Nb, et 0 < p < 0,2 ; LixNby_aNaMz_bPbO2_cFc où 1,2 < x < 1,75, 0 < y < 0,55, 0,1 < z < 1, 0 < a< 0,5, 0<b<l,0<c< 0,8, et où M, N, et P sont chacun au moins un des éléments choisi dans le groupe constituant en Ti, Ta, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Al, Zr, Y, Mo, Ru, Rh, Ce et Sb ; Lii 25Nbo.25Mno.5o02 ; Lii 3Nb0.3Mn0.4o02 ; Lii 3Nb o.3Feo.4o02 ; Lii.3Nbo.43Nio,2702 ; Li1.3Nb0.43Co0.27O2 ; Li1.4Nbo.2Mno.53O2 ; LixNio.2Mno.60 y où 0 < x < 1,52, et 1,07 < y < 2,4 ; Li12Nio.2Mn0602 ; LiNixCoyMn1_x_yO2 où 0 < x et y < 0,5 ; LiNixCezCoyMni x yO2 où 0 < x et y < 0.5 and 0 < z; LiFePO4; LiMnPO4; LiCoPO4; LiNiPO4; Li3V2(PO4)3; Li2MPO4F with M = Fe, Co, Ni or a mixture of these different elements; LiMPO4F with M = V, Fe, T or a mixture of these different elements; LiMM'PO4, with M and M' (M M') selected from Fe, Mn, Ni, Co, V such as LiFePO4, where 0 < x < 1; FeCO2PO4; FeF3; LiMSO4F with M = Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, Zn, Mg; TiO2O3 with z = 2-y and 0.3 < y < 1; W0O2O3 with 0.6 < y < 3 and 0.1 < z < 2; CuS; CuS2; Li2V2O5 with 0 < x < 2; LixV3O8 with 0 < x < 1.7; LixTiS2 with 0 < x < 1; LixTiOySz with z = 2-y, 0.3 <y<let0<x<l, LixWOySzavec z = 2-y, 0,3 <y<let0<x<l, LixCuS avec 0 < x < 1, LixCuS2avec 0 < x < 1; et leurs mélanges.

[0112] The active cathode material is chosen from a second group C2 consisting of the following materials: NaxMO2+z with M chosen from Mg, Ca, Li, Mn, Ni, Co, Cr, Sc, Te with z < 0.3 and 0 < x < 1 (preferably 0 < x < 0.44 or 0.44 < x < 0.67 or 0.67 < x < 1); NaxMu / 2M'v / 2O2+z with u + v = 2 and M, M' chosen from Mg, Ca, Li, Mn, Ni, Co, Cr, Sc, Te with z < 0.3 and 0 < x < 1 (preferably 0 < x < 0.44 or 0.44 < x < 0.67 or 0.67 < x < 1); NaxMu / 3M'v / 3M”w / 3O2+z with u + v + w = ​​3 and M, M', M” chosen from Mg, Ca, Li, Mn, Ni, Co, Cr, Sc, Te with z < 0.3 and 0 < x < 1 (preferably 0 < x < 0.44 or 0.44 < x < 0.67 or 0.67 < x < 1); NaxMnyNizFe0.iMg0.iO2 with 0.67 < x < 1.0, 0.5 < y < 0.7 and 0.1 < z < 0.3; Prussian blue and / or Prussian blue analogues known by the acronym PB A from the English “Prussian blue analogs”; NaxM1[M2'(CN)6]y.nH2O, M1 being a transition metal or an alloy of . transition metals, M2' being a transition metal, the transition metal and the transition metal alloy being chosen from Fe, Ni, Co and Mn, with 0 < x < 2, y < 1 and 0 < n < 12; NaxM2(XO4)3 with 0 < x < 4, M = V, Fe, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni or Sc and X = P, S, As, Si, Mo or W, such as Na3V2(PO4)3; NaxM3(XO4)2(X2O7) with 0 < x < 4, M = V, Fe, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni or Sc and X = P, S, As, Si, Mo or W; NaxM(X2O7) with 0 < x < 4, M = V, Fe, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni or Sc and X = P, S, As, Si, Mo or W; NaxM2(XO4)2F3 with 0 < x < 4, M = V, Fe, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni or Sc and X = P, S, As, Si, Mo or W; NaxM2(XO4) 2F3yOy with 0 < x < 4, M = V, Fe, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni or Sc and 0.07 < y < 0.12 and X = P, S, As, Si, Mo or W; NaxM2O2(XO4)2F with 0 < x < 4, M = V, Fe, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni or Sc and X = P, S, As, Si, Mo or W; NaMXO4 with 0 < x < 4, M = V, Fe, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni or Sc and X = P, S, As, Si, Mo or W; and their mixtures.

[0113] The active cathode material is selected from a third group C3 consisting of the following materials: KXMO2+Z with M selected from Mg, Ca, Li, Mn, Ni, Co, Cr, Sc, Te with z < 0.3 and 0 < x < 1 (preferably 0 < x < 0.44 or 0.44 < x < 0.67 or 0.67 < x < 1); KXMU / 2M'V / 2O2+Z with u + v = 2 and M, M' selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Li, Mn, Ni, Co, Cr, Sc, Te with z < 0.3 and 0 < x < 1 (preferably 0 < x < 0.44 or 0.44 < x < 0.67 or 0.67 < x < 1); BCM^M'^M” w / 3O2+z with u + v + w = 3 and M, M', M” chosen from Mg, Ca, Li, Mn, Ni, Co, Cr, Sc, Te with z < 0.3 and 0 < x < 1 (preferably 0 < x < 0.44 or 0.44 < x < 0.67 or 0.67 < x < 1 ; KxMnyNizFe0.iMg0.iO2 with 0.67 < x < 1.0; 0.5 < y < 0.7 and 0.1 < z < 0.3 ; KxM1[M2'(CN)6]y.nH2O, A being an alkali metal, Ml being a transition metal or a transition metal alloy, M2' being a transition metal, the transition metal and the transition metal alloy being chosen from Fe, Ni, Co and Mn, with 0 <x<2, y<let0<n<12; KxM2(XO4)3avec 0 < x < 4, M = V, Fe, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni ou Sc et X = P, S, As, Si, Mo ou W, tel que Na3V2(PO4)3; KxM3(XO4)2(X2O7 ) avec 0 < x < 4, M = V, Fe, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni ou Sc et X = P, S, As, Si, Mo ou W ; Kx M(X2O7) avec 0 < x < 4, M = V, Fe, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni ou Sc et X = P, S, As, Si, Mo ou W ; KxM2(XO4)2F3avec 0 < x < 4, M = V, Fe, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni ou Sc et X = P, S, As, Si, Mo ou W ; KxM2(XO4)2F3 yOyavec 0 < x < 4, M = V, Fe, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni ou Sc et 0,07 < y < 0,12 et X = P, S, As, Si, Mo ou W ; KxM2O2(XO4)2Favec 0 < x < 4, M = V, Fe, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni ou Sc et X = P, S, As, Si, Mo ou W ; KMXO4 avec 0 < x < 4, M = V, Fe, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni ou Sc et X = P, S, As, Si, Mo ou W ; et les mélanges de ceux-ci. .

[0114] In one embodiment, when the electrochemical cell is a lithium ion electrochemical cell, the cathode active material is chosen from the first CL group

[0115] In one embodiment, when the electrochemical cell is a sodium ion electrochemical cell, the active cathode material is chosen from the first group C2.

[0116] In one embodiment, when the electrochemical cell is a potassium ion electrochemical cell, the active cathode material is chosen from the first group C3. Electrically insulating charge

[0117] The electrically insulating charge is chosen from the group consisting of the following materials: - Al2O3; SiO2; ZrO2; - garnets of the formula LidA'xA2y(TO4)z where A1 represents a cation with an oxidation state of +11 (e.g., Ca, Mg, Sr, Ba, Fe, Mn, Zn, Y, Gd), where A2 represents a cation with an oxidation state of +III (e.g., Al, Fe, Cr, Ga, Ti, La), where (TO4) represents an anion in which T is an atom with an oxidation state of +IV, located at the center of a tetrahedron formed by the oxygen atoms, and in which TO4 advantageously represents the silicate or zirconate anion, knowing that all or part of the elements T with an oxidation state of +IV can be replaced by atoms with an oxidation state of +III or +V (e.g., Al, Fe, As, V, Nb, In, Ta), where d is between 2 and 10 (preferably between 3 and 9, most preferably between 4 and 8), where x is between 2.6 and 3.4 (preferably between 2.8 and 3.2), where y is between 1.7 and 2.3 (preferably between 1.9 and 2.1) and where z is between 2.9 and 3.1; - garnets selected from the group consisting of Li7La3Zr20i2, Li6La2BaTa20i2, Li5>5La3Nbi>75lno.250i2, Li5La3M20i2 with M = Nb or Ta or a mixture of the two compounds; Li7 xBaxLa3 xM20i2 with 0 <x<letM = Nb ou Ta ou un mélange des deux composés ; Li7 xLa3Zr2 XMXO[2 avec 0<x<2etM = Al, Ga ou Ta ou un mélange de deux ou trois de ces composés ; - Lithified phosphates, in particular lithified phosphates of the NaSICON type; Li3PO4; LiPO3; Li3Al0j4Scij6(PO4)3 called "LASP"; Liij2ZrijQCaOji(PO4)3; LiZr2(PO4)3; LiU3x Zr2(Pi_xSixO4)3 with 1.8 < x < 2.3; Lii+6xZr2(Pi XBXO4)3 with 0 < x < 0.25; Li3(Sc2_ xMx)(PO4)3 with M = Al or Y and 0 < x < 1; Lii+xMx(Sc)2 x(PO4)3 with M = Al, Y, Ga or a mixture of the three compounds and 0 < x < 0.8; Lii+xMx(Gai yScy)2 x(PO4)3 with 0 < x < 0.8, 0 < y < 1 and M = Al or Y or a mixture of the two compounds; Li[+xMx(Ga) 2 X(PO4)3 with M = Al, Y or a mixture of the two compounds and 0 < x < 0.8; Lii+XA1 xTi2 x(PO4)3 with 0 < x < 1, called "LATP" (preferably with x = 0.4, very preferably with x = 0.3); Lii+xAlxGe2 X(PO4)3 with 0 < x < 1, called "LAGP"; Lii + x + zMx(GiyTiyy)2xSziP3zOi2 with 0 < x < 0.8, 0 < y < 1.0 and 0 < z < 0.6 and M = Al, Ga or Y or a mixture of two or three of these compounds; Li3 + y(Sc2xMx)QyP3yOi2 with M = Al and / or Y and Q = Si and / or Se, 0 < x < 0.8 and 0 < y < 1; Li1+x+yMxSc2_xQyP3_y On with M = Al, Y, Ga or a mixture of the three compounds and Q = Si and / or Se, 0 < x < 0.8 and 0 < y < 1; Li1+x+y+zMx(Ga1_yScy)2_xQzP3_zO12 with 0 < x < 0.8, 0 < y < 1, 0 < z < 0.6 with M = Al or Y or a mixture of the two compounds and Q = Si and / or Se; Li1+xZr2 x Bx(PO4)3 with 0 < x < 0.25; Li1+2xZr2xCax(PO4)3 with 0 < x < 0.25 (preferably with x = 0.2); Li1+xM3xM2 xP30i2 with 0 < x < 1 and M3 = Cr, V, Ca, B, Mg, Bi and / or Mo, M = Sc, Sn, Zr, Hf, Se or Si, or a mixture of these compounds; - lithia borates, notably Li3(Sc2xMx)(BO3)3 with M = Al or Y and 0 < x < 1; Li1+xMx(Sc)2x(BO3)3 with M = Al, Y, Ga or a mixture of the three compounds and 0 < x < 0.8; Li1+xMx(Gal yScy)2x(BO3)3 with 0 < x < 0.8, 0 < y < 1 and M = Al or Y; Li1+XMX(Ga)2x(BO3)3 with M = Al, Y or a mixture of the two compounds, and 0 < x < 0.8; Li3BO3; Li3BO3-Li2SO4; Li3BO3-Li2SiO4; Li3BO3-Li2SiO4-Li2SO4; - oxynitrides, in particular Li3PO4 xN2x / 3; Li4SiO4 xN2x / 3; Li4GeO4 xN2x / 3 with 0 < x < 4; Li3BO3 xN2x / 3 with 0 < x < 3; - lithium compounds based on lithium oxynitride and phosphorus, called "LiPON", notably LixPOyNz with x ~ 2.8 and 2y+3z ~7.8 and 0.16 <z< 0,4 (par exemple Li2j9 P03j3No,46) ; LiwPOxNySz avec 2x + 3y + 2z = 5 = w ; LiwPOxNySz avec 3,2 < x < 3,8, 0,13 < y < 0,4, 0 < z < 0,2,2,9 < w < 3,3 ; LitPxAlyOuNvSw avec 5x + 3y = 5, 2u + 3v + 2w = 5+t, 2,9 < t < 3,3, 0,84 < x < 0,94, 0,094 < y < 0,26, 3,2 < u < 3,8, 0,13 < v < 0,46, 0 < w < 0,2 ; - materials based on lithium phosphorus or boron oxynitrides, respectively called "LiPON" and "LIBON", which may also contain silicon, sulfur, zirconium, aluminium, or a combination of aluminium, boron, sulfur and / or silicon, and boron for materials based on lithium phosphorus oxynitrides; - lithium compounds based on lithium oxynitride, phosphorus and silicon called "LiSiPON" (for example Li1.9Si0.28P1.0O1.1N10); lithium oxynitrides of the types LiBON, LiBSO, LiSiPON, LiSON, thio-LiSiCON, LiPONB (where B, P and S represent boron, phosphorus and sulfur respectively); lithium oxynitrides of the type LiBSO, in particular (lx)LiBO2- xLi2SO4 with 0.4 < x < 0.8; - Lithified oxides, notably Li7La3Zr2O12 or Li3+xLa3(Zrx,A2 x)O12 with A = Sc, Y, Al, Ga and 1.4 < x < 2; Li35La0>55TiO3 or Li3xLa2 / 3 xTiO3 with 0 < x < 0.16 (LLTO); - Silicates, notably Li2Si2O5, Li2SiO3, Li2Si2O6, LiAlSiO4, Li4SiO4, LiAlSi2O6; - solid electrolytes of the antiperovskite type, in particular Li3OA with A a halide or a mixture of halides (preferably at least one of the elements chosen from F, Cl, Br, I or mixtures thereof); Li(3_x)Mx / 2OA with 0 < x < 3, M a divalent metal (preferably at least one of the elements chosen from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Ba, Sr or mixtures thereof), A a halide or a mixture of halides (preferably at least one of the elements chosen from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, I or mixtures thereof); Li(3x)M3x / 3OA with 0 < x < 3, M3 a trivalent metal, A a halide or a mixture of halides (preferably at least one of the elements chosen from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, I or mixtures thereof); LiCOXzY(iz), with X and Y halides as mentioned above in relation to A, and 0 < z < 1; - LaOj5iLioj34Ti2j94; Li3i4Vo,4Geo>6O4; Li2O-Nb2O3; LiAlGaSPO4; - formulations based on Li2CO3, B2O3, Li2O, Al(PO3)3LiF, P2S3, Li2S, Li3N, Li2Zn(GeO4)4, Li3.6Geo.6Vo.4O4, LiTi2(PO4)3, Li3j25Geoj25Po.25S4, Liij3Aloj3Tiij7(PO4)3, Lii+x A1XM2 X(PO4)3 (where M = Ge, Ti, and / or Hf, and where 0 < x < 1), Lii+x+yAlxTi2xSiyP3yOi2(where 0 <x<l et 0<y<l) ; - and their mixtures.

[0118] In one embodiment, the electrically insulating charge has a size (D50) of 1 pm or less, preferably 500 nm or less. Use

[0119] In a third aspect, the present invention relates to the use of the mother unit, as defined above, for the preparation of an electrochemical cell. Preparation process

[0120] In a fourth aspect, the present invention relates to a method for preparing an electrochemical cell as defined above, in that the structure of the electronic cell is prepared by a coextrusion step implemented with a coextrusion device comprising at least one multiplier element. Coextrusion devices comprising at least one multiplier element, and the corresponding methods, are disclosed, for example, in the article by M. Ponting et al. entitled “Polymer Nanostructures by Forced Assembly: Process, Structure, and Properties”, Macromol. Symp., 2010, 294-1, 19-32; and in the article by C. Sollogoub entitled “Multi-nanolayer coextrusion process - Principle and potentialities”, Techniques de l'ingénieur, ref.: AM3662 VI.

[0121] The device may comprise from 1 to 12 multiplying elements; preferably from 1 to 8 multiplying elements. For example, the device may comprise 1 multiplying element, alternatively 2 multiplying elements, alternatively 3 multiplying elements, alternatively 4 multiplying elements, alternatively 5 multiplying elements, alternatively 6 multiplying elements, alternatively 7 multiplying elements, alternatively 8 multiplying elements, alternatively 9 multiplying elements, alternatively 10 multiplying elements, alternatively 11 multiplying elements, alternatively 12 multiplying elements.

[0122] In one embodiment, the process includes a step of preparing the mother unit, as defined above, from at least the thermoplastic electronic conductor collector composition (a), the anode composition (b), the electrolyte composition (c), and at least the cathode composition (d). This step can be carried out by a conventional coextrusion step, i.e., carried out with a coextrusion device not including a multiplier element. The mother unit is generally prepared immediately before the coextrusion step carried out with a coextrusion device including at least one multiplier element. It therefore forms a transient intermediate product.

[0123] In one embodiment, the mother unit preparation step is carried out in the absence of solvent.

[0124] In one embodiment, the process includes a step of supplying at least one thermoplastic electronic conductive collector composition (a), preferably in the form of granules.

[0125] In one embodiment, the process includes a step of supplying at least one anode composition (b), preferably in the form of granules.

[0126] In one embodiment, the process includes a step of supplying at least one electrolyte composition (c), preferably in the form of granules.

[0127] In one embodiment, the process includes a step of supplying at least one cathode composition (d), preferably in the form of granules.

[0128] Each category of granules can be prepared by a conventional extrusion step.

[0129] In one embodiment, the process includes a finishing step of the electrochemical cell by applying sacrificial layers (E) to its periphery. This finishing step corresponds to a conventional coextrusion step, i.e., implemented with a coextrusion device not comprising a multiplying element.

[0130] The steps of preparing the mother unit, preparing the electrochemical cell and finishing the electrochemical cell can be implemented successively and continuously. Examples

[0131] The following examples illustrate the invention without limiting it.

[0132] Example 1: Preparation of a thermoplastic conductive composition for the current collector

[0133] In a Werner 40 twin-screw extruder, 50% by mass of a homopolymer PVDF with a viscosity of 700 Pa·s at 230°C under 100 s⁻¹ is mixed with 50% by mass of ENSACO 260 type carbon black. Extrusion is carried out at 230°C at a screw speed of 200 rpm at a throughput of 30 kg / h. The rods are cooled in a water bath and then cut into cylindrical granules 3 mm long and 2.5 mm in diameter. The granules are then dried at 60°C under vacuum before being bagged.

[0134] Example 2: According to the invention: Preparation of a thermoplastic conductive composition for the current collector

[0135] In a BUSS Comalaxeur type BUSS 11D extruder, 50% by mass of a homopolymer PVDF with a viscosity of 700 Pa·s at 230°C for 100 s⁻¹ is mixed with 50% by mass of ENSACO 260 type carbon black. Extrusion is carried out at 210°C at a screw speed of 100 rpm for the extruder and 50 rpm for the return screw at a throughput of 15 kg / h. The rods are cooled in a water bath and then cut into cylindrical granules 3 mm long and 3 mm in diameter. The granules are then dried at 60°C under vacuum before being bagged.

[0136] Example 3: Preparation of a thermoplastic conductive composition for the current collector

[0137] In a Werner 40 twin-screw extruder, 50% by mass of a homopolymer PMMA with a viscosity of 300 Pa·s at 230°C for 100 s⁻¹ is mixed with 50% by mass of ENSACO 260 type carbon black. Extrusion is carried out at 230°C at a screw speed of 200 rpm at a throughput of 30 kg / h. The rods are cooled in a water bath and then cut into cylindrical granules 3 mm long and 2.5 mm in diameter. The granules are then dried at 80°C under vacuum before being bagged.

[0138] Example 4: Preparation of a thermoplastic conductive composition for the current collector

[0139] In a BUSS Comalaxeur type BUSS 11D extruder, 50% by mass of a homopolymer PMMA with a viscosity of 300 Pa·s at 230°C for 100 s⁻¹ is mixed with 50% by mass of ENSACO 260 type carbon black. Extrusion is carried out at 210°C at a screw speed of 100 rpm for the extruder and 50 rpm for the return screw at a throughput of 15 kg / h. The rods are cooled in a water bath and then cut into cylindrical granules 3 mm long and 3 mm in diameter. The granules are then dried at 80°C under vacuum before being bagged.

[0140] Example 5: Preparation of an Electrolyte Composition

[0141] In a Werner 35 twin-screw extruder, 35% by mass of a PVDF copolymer with a viscosity of 2300 Pa·s at 230°C under 100 s⁻¹ is mixed with 35% by mass of an EMIM FSI type ionic liquid, 25% of an LPO type filler, and 5% of LiFSi. Extrusion is carried out at 100°C at a screw speed of 50 rpm at a throughput of 15 kg / h. The rods are cooled on a drawing belt under a flow of dry air (Dew point -40°C) and cut into cylindrical granules 3 mm long and 2.5 mm in diameter. The granules are then bagged.

[0142] Example 6: Preparation of an Electrolyte Composition

[0143] In a Werner 35 twin-screw extruder, 35% by mass of a homopolymer PMMA with a viscosity of 1000 Pa·s at 230°C under 100 s⁻¹ is mixed with 35% by mass of an EMIM FSI type ionic liquid, 25% of an LPO type filler, and 5% of LiFSi. Extrusion is carried out at 100°C at a screw speed of 50 rpm at a throughput of 18 kg / h. The rods are cooled on a drawing belt under a flow of dry air (Dew point -40°C) and cut into cylindrical granules 3 mm long and 2.5 mm in diameter. The granules are then bagged.

[0144] Example 7: Preparation of a catholyte composition

[0145] In a Werner 35 twin-screw extruder, 8% by mass of a PVDF copolymer with a viscosity of 2300 Pa·s at 230°C under 100 s⁻¹ is mixed with 11.2% by mass of an EMIM FSI type ionic liquid, 80% by mass of an LMO type filler, and 0.8% by mass of LiFSi. Extrusion is carried out at 100°C at a screw speed of 50 rpm at a throughput of 15 kg / h. The rods are cooled on a drawing belt under a flow of dry air (Dew point -40°C) and cut into cylindrical granules 3 mm long and 2.5 mm in diameter. The granules are then bagged.

[0146] Example 8: Preparation of a Catholyte composition

[0147] In a Werner 35 twin-screw extruder, 8% by mass of a homopolymer PMMA with a viscosity of 1000 Pa·s at 230°C under 100 s⁻¹ is mixed with 11.2% by mass of an EMIM FSI type ionic liquid, 80% by mass of an LMO type filler, and 0.8% of LiFSi. Extrusion is carried out at 100°C at a screw speed of 50 rpm at a throughput of 16 kg / h. The rods are cooled on a drawing belt under a flow of dry air (Dew point -40°C) and cut into cylindrical granules 3 mm long and 2.5 mm in diameter. The granules are then bagged.

[0148] Example 9: Preparation of an anolyte composition

[0149] In a Werner 35 twin-screw extruder, 8% by mass of a PVDF copolymer with a viscosity of 2,300 Pa·s at 230°C under 100 s⁻¹ is mixed with 11.2% by mass of an EMIM FSI type ionic liquid, 80% by mass of an LTO type filler, and 0.8% by mass of LiFSi. Extrusion is carried out at 100°C at a screw speed of 50 rpm at a throughput of 15 kg / h. The rods are cooled on a draw belt under a dry air stream (Dew point -40°C) and cut into cylindrical granules 3 mm long and 2.5 mm in diameter. The granules are then bagged.

[0150] Example 10: according to the invention: Preparation of an anolyte composition

[0151] In a Werner 35 twin-screw extruder, 8% by mass of a homopolymer PMMA with a viscosity of 1000 Pa·s at 230°C under 100 s⁻¹ is mixed with 11.2% by mass of an EMIM FSI type ionic liquid, 80% by mass of an LTO type filler, and 0.8% of LiFSi. Extrusion is carried out at 100°C at a screw speed of 50 rpm at a throughput of 16 kg / h. The rods are cooled on a drawing belt under a flow of dry air (Dew point -40°C) and cut into cylindrical granules 3 mm long and 2.5 mm in diameter. The granules are then bagged.

[0152] Example 11: Fabrication of the parent unit and the final multilayer

[0153] The thermoplastic electronic conductor granules, catholyte, electrolyte, and anolyte are introduced respectively into four single-screw extruders connected by a manifold-type co-extrusion box allowing the layers of the different components to be superimposed in the following order: thermoplastic electrical conductor (A), catholyte (B), electrolyte (C) and anolyte (D).

[0154] The mass flow rates of the different extruders are respectively 278g / hour for extruder 1 of composition (a), 2436 gr / h for extruder 2 of composition (b), 549 gr / h for extruder 3 of composition (c) and 1735 gr / h for extruder 4 of composition (d).

[0155] The temperature on the last two zones of extruder 1 is 230°C, the temperature on the last two zones of extruders 2, 3 and 4 is 150°C.

[0156] The parent unit produced passes through a block with a square cross-section of 10 mm x 10 mm at a flow rate of 5 kg / h, corresponding to a measured line speed of 18 m / h. This block, in which the multiplying elements are arranged, is heated to an intermediate temperature of 180°C.

[0157] Two multiplying elements are arranged within the block, allowing for the production of four daughter units containing homothetically the four layers (a), (b), (c), and (d) of the parent unit and, after multiplication, having an individual thickness four times smaller. Layers (A) have a thickness of approximately 0.2 mm, layers (B) have a thickness of approximately 1 mm, layers (C) have a thickness of approximately 0.4 mm, and layers (D) have a thickness of approximately 0.8 mm.

[0158] At the multiplier output, the 4 daughter units enter a flat die maintained at a temperature of 185°C and undergo a stretching ratio combining the die pass and the air stretch of 100. In the final film the thicknesses of the (A) layers are 2 pm, the thicknesses of the (B) layers are 10 pm, the thicknesses of the (C) layers are 4 pm and the thicknesses of the (D) layers are 8 pm.

[0159] The layers exiting the die are cooled by contact with dry air at Dew point -40°C and on a thermostatically controlled cooling roller at 15°C.

Claims

Demands

1. Electrochemical cell comprising a structure comprising at least 2 units, wherein each unit comprises at least one thermoplastic electronically conductive collector layer (A), at least one anode layer (B), at least one electrolyte layer (C) and at least one cathode layer (D).

2. Electrochemical cell, according to claim 1, in that the thermoplastic electronic conductive collector layers (A), the anode layers (B), the electrolyte layers (C) and the layers (D) have a thickness of 30 pm or less, respectively; preferably 10 pm or less; most preferably 5 pm or less.

3. Electrochemical cell, according to any one of the preceding claims, in that the anode layers (B) and the cathode layers (D) are not adjacent within each unit and within the structure grouping them.

4. Electrochemical cell, according to any one of the preceding claims, in that the layers of thermoplastic electronically conductive collector (A) are adjacent to an anode layer (B), on the one hand, and to a cathode layer (D), on the other hand.

5. Electrochemical cell, according to any one of the preceding claims, in that: - the thermoplastic electronically conductive collector layer (A) comprises a thermoplastic polymer and an electrically conductive charge; - the anode layer (B) comprises a thermoplastic polymer, an ionic liquid, an alkali metal salt, optionally an electrically conductive charge and an anode active material; - the electrolyte layer (C) comprises a thermoplastic polymer, an ionic liquid, optionally an alkali metal salt and optionally an electrically insulating charge; and - the cathode layer (D) comprises a thermoplastic polymer, an ionic liquid, an alkali metal salt, optionally an electrically conductive charge and a cathode active material.

6. Electrochemical cell, according to any one of the preceding claims, in that: - the thermoplastic electronically conductive collector layer (A) comprises 10 to 60% of a thermoplastic polymer, 40 to 90% of an electrically conductive charge by weight of the total weight of the layer; - the anode layer (B) comprises 1 to 30% of a thermoplastic polymer, 3 to 30% of ionic liquid, 0.2 to 10% of an alkali metal salt, 0 to 10% of an electrically conductive charge and 40 to 95% of anode active material, by weight of the total weight of the layer; - the electrolyte layer (C) comprises 10 to 60% of a thermoplastic polymer, 10 to 60% of ionic liquid, 0 to 20% of an alkali metal salt and 0 to 50% of an electrically insulating charge, by weight of the total weight of the layer;and / or - the cathode layer (D) comprises 1 to 30% of a thermoplastic polymer, 3 to 30% of ionic liquid, 0.2 to 10% of an alkali metal salt, 0 to 10% of an electrically conductive charge and 40 to 95% of active cathode material, by weight per total weight of the layer.

7. Electrochemical cell, according to any one of the preceding claims, in that the structure is prepared by a co-extrusion step implemented with a co-extrusion device comprising at least one multiplying element.

8. Electrochemical cell, according to any one of the preceding claims, in that the structure is prepared from a mother unit comprising at least one thermoplastic electronically conductive collector layer (a), at least one anode layer (b), at least one electrolyte layer (c) and at least one cathode layer (d).

9. Mother unit, for the preparation of an electrochemical cell according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the mother unit comprises at least one thermoplastic electronically conductive collector layer (a), at least one anode layer (b), at least one electrolyte layer (c) and at least one cathode layer (d).

10. Mother unit, according to claim 9, in that: - the thermoplastic electronic conductive collector layer (a) comprises a thermoplastic polymer and an electrically conductive charge; - the anode layer (B) comprises a thermoplastic polymer, an ionic liquid, an alkali metal salt, optionally an electrically conductive charge and an anode active material; - the electrolyte layer (C) comprises a thermoplastic polymer, an ionic liquid, optionally an alkali metal salt, and optionally an electrically insulating charge; and - the cathode layer (D) comprises a thermoplastic polymer, an ionic liquid, an alkali metal salt, optionally an electrically conductive charge and a cathode active material.

11. Parent unit, according to any one of claims 9 or 10, in that: - the thermoplastic electronic conductive collector layer (a) comprises from 10 to 60% of a thermoplastic polymer, from 40 to 90% of an electrically conductive charge; - the anode layer (b) comprises from 1 to 30% of a thermoplastic polymer, from 3 to 30% of ionic liquid, from 0.2 to 10% of an alkali metal salt, from 0 to 10% of an electrically conductive charge and from 40 to 95% of anode active material, by weight by total weight of the layer; - the electrolyte layer (c) comprises 10 to 60% of a thermoplastic polymer, 10 to 60% of ionic liquid, 0 to 20% of an alkali metal salt and 0 to 50% of an electrically insulating charge, by weight by total weight of the layer;and / or - the cathode layer (d) comprises 1 to 30% of a thermoplastic polymer, 3 to 30% of ionic liquid, 0.2 to 10% of an alkali metal salt, 0 to 10% of an electrically conductive charge and 40 to 95% of active cathode material, by weight per total weight of the layer.

12. Mother unit, according to any one of claims 9 to 11, in that the thermoplastic electronic conductive collector layers (a), the anode layers (b), the electrolyte layers (c) and the layers (d) have a thickness of less than 10 mm respectively; preferably a thickness of 50 pm to 10 mm.

13. Mother unit, according to any one of claims 9 to 12, in that the anode layers (b) and the cathode layers (d) are not adjacent within the mother unit.

14. Use of the mother unit, according to any one of claims 9 to 13, for the preparation of an electrochemical cell. 37

15. A method for preparing an electrochemical cell according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the structure of the electronic cell is prepared from a mother unit according to any one of claims 9 to 13 by a co-extrusion step implemented with a co-extrusion device comprising at least one multiplying element.