Vehicle including a headlight support module equipped with a left front headlight receptacle and a right front headlight receptacle

Abstract

The invention relates to a vehicle (1) comprising a headlight support module (10) fixed to the front bumper (2) of the vehicle (1). A central portion (12) of the headlight support module (10) comprises: - a plurality of lower fasteners (40) securing the central portion (12) to the front bumper (2); and - a plurality of positioning lugs (62), each positioning lug (62) being inserted into a positioning recess (86) so as to lock the headlight support module (10) in translation along the vertical direction Z and along a transverse direction Y of the vehicle (1), while allowing translational movement of the central portion (12) towards the rear of the vehicle (1) along a longitudinal direction X of the vehicle (1). The vehicle (1) provides satisfactory protection to a pedestrian in the event of a leg collision. (See Figure 3 for abbreviations.)

Description

Title of the invention: Vehicle comprising a headlight support module equipped with a left front headlight receptacle and a right front headlight receptacle. Technical field

[0001] The present invention relates to a vehicle comprising a headlight support module. Technological background

[0002] A vehicle generally includes a left front headlight and a right front headlight, spaced apart along a transverse direction of the vehicle.

[0003] Usually, from the perspective of someone looking at the front of the vehicle, the left and right headlights are completely separated by the vehicle's grille. For aesthetic reasons, it may be desirable to eliminate the grille, so that the left and right headlights appear to be part of a single unit extending from the left headlight to the right headlight, passing through the space where the grille would normally be. Such a configuration is particularly feasible for electric vehicles, which do not require a grille.

[0004] However, the front of the vehicle must not only be visually appealing, but also meet pedestrian impact safety requirements. In particular, the front of the vehicle must provide sufficient protection to a pedestrian in the event of a leg impact. In Europe, leg impact safety is assessed by Euro NCAP at a frontal impact speed of 40 km / h, distinguishing between lower leg impacts and upper leg impacts. Summary of the invention

[0005] A vehicle according to the invention provides satisfactory protection to a pedestrian in the event of a leg collision.

[0006] The invention relates to a vehicle.

[0007] According to the invention, the vehicle comprises: - a front bumper forming an internal cavity that opens onto the front of the vehicle through an opening; and - a headlight support module fixed to the front bumper in the internal cavity, the headlight support module comprising a left front headlight receptacle, a right front headlight receptacle, and a central portion between the left front headlight receptacle and the right front headlight receptacle, and the central portion has a lower edge and an upper edge located higher than the lower edge along a vertical direction Z of the vehicle and comprises: - a plurality of lower fixings spaced along the lower edge and securing the central portion to the front bumper; and - a plurality of positioning lugs spaced along the upper edge, each positioning lug being inserted into a positioning housing so as to lock the headlight support module in translation along the vertical direction Z and along a transverse direction Y of the vehicle while allowing translational movement of the central portion towards the rear of the vehicle along a longitudinal direction X of the vehicle, the transverse direction Y and the longitudinal direction X each being orthogonal to the vertical direction Z. With a vehicle according to the invention, the left and right headlights can appear to be part of a single module extending from the left to the right headlight, passing through the area where the grille would normally be located. Furthermore, since the interaction of the positioning lugs with the positioning housings does not prevent the central portion from translating towards the rear of the vehicle along the longitudinal direction X, this rearward translation prevents the upper part of the central portion from acting as a fixed and undeformable structure that could cause injury to a pedestrian. The front bumper and the headlight support module thus provide sufficient protection to a pedestrian in the event of a leg collision.

[0008] According to one possible feature of the invention, a larger dimension of the central portion is along the transverse Y direction of the vehicle. In this way, the headlight receptacles, and therefore the headlights themselves, can be positioned in their usual positions along the transverse Y direction.

[0009] According to one possible feature of the invention, the central portion lacks fastening elements along its upper edge for attaching it to the front bumper. In this case, the top of the central portion is then completely free to move towards the rear of the vehicle in the event of a leg-to-upper collision, thus providing improved protection for the pedestrian.

[0010] According to one possible feature of the invention, the headlight support module is a single piece, such that the left headlight receptacle, the right headlight receptacle, and the central portion are made of a single material. The fact that the headlight support module is a single piece tends to facilitate its installation in the front bumper, since the headlight receptacles and the central portion are part of a single piece that can be handled as a whole and do not have to be attached sequentially.

[0011] According to one possible feature of the invention, the positioning lugs protrude towards the front of the vehicle along the longitudinal direction X of the vehicle. This tends to facilitate the positioning of the headlight support module, since a simple translation of the headlight module along the longitudinal direction X may suffice to bring the positioning lugs into contact with the positioning slots and the retaining slots.

[0012] According to one possible feature of the invention, each of the lower fasteners comprises a support integral with the central portion, a plate located behind the support along the longitudinal direction X of the vehicle, and a weakened portion connecting the support to the plate. The weakened portion is configured to break in response to a force applied to the central portion towards the rear of the vehicle along the longitudinal direction X of the vehicle. This force may, in particular, be due to a leg collision. In this case, the rupture of the weakened portions detaches the headlight support module from the front bumper, thus preventing the central portion from acting as a fixed and undeformable structure that could cause injury to the pedestrian.However, this breakage only occurs at a sufficiently high frontal impact speed, which prevents the headlight support module from detaching from the front bumper in the event of a low-speed collision, such as in a parking lot.

[0013] According to one possible feature of the invention, the central portion further comprises a plurality of retaining clips spaced along its lower edge, each retaining clip cooperating with a retaining housing so as to lock the central portion in translation from the central portion towards the rear of the vehicle along the longitudinal direction X of the vehicle. Such retaining clips tend to facilitate the positioning of the headlight support module relative to the front bumper.

[0014] According to one possible feature of the invention, each retaining clip comprises a pair of protruding pins extending towards the front of the vehicle along the longitudinal direction X of the vehicle and inserted into a retaining housing. The pins are configured to release from the retaining housing in response to a force applied to the central portion towards the rear of the vehicle along the longitudinal direction X of the vehicle. Here too, the force in question may, in particular, be due to a leg collision, and the release of the pins detaches the headlight support module from the front bumper, thus preventing the central portion from acting as a fixed and undeformable structure that could cause injury to the pedestrian. However, this release only occurs at a sufficiently high frontal impact speed, which prevents the headlight support module from detaching from the front bumper in the event of a low-speed collision, such as in a parking lot.

[0015] According to one possible feature of the invention, the vehicle further comprises a frame piece, the frame piece being fixed to the front bumper in the internal cavity between the headlight support module and the front bumper, said positioning recesses and said retaining recesses being formed in the frame piece. This tends to facilitate the manufacture of the front bumper because the positioning recesses and retaining recesses are not formed on the front bumper, but on a separate piece of the front bumper and fixed thereto.

[0016] According to one possible feature of the invention, the frame piece has a plurality of weldable areas and is attached to the front bumper by ultrasonic welding at said weldable areas. This makes it easy to attach the frame piece to the front bumper so that the frame piece is located in the internal cavity between the headlight support module and the front bumper.

[0017] The invention also relates to a method for assembling a vehicle.

[0018] According to the invention, the assembly process comprises the following steps: - a step of fixing the frame part to the front bumper in the internal cavity by ultrasonic welding at the weldable areas of the frame part; - a positioning step for the headlight support module, this positioning step including inserting the positioning lugs into the positioning slots and, where applicable, inserting the retaining clips into the retaining slots; and - a step of attaching the central portion to the front bumper using the lower fasteners. Brief description of the figures

[0019] The following description, with reference to the accompanying drawings, given by way of non-limiting examples, will clearly explain what the invention consists of and how it can be implemented. In the accompanying figures:

[0020] [Fig-1] represents a perspective view of the front of a vehicle according to the invention,

[0021] [Fig.2] represents a front view from the front of a headlight support module,

[0022] [Fig.3] represents a perspective view from the rear of the support module of headlights,

[0023] [Fig.4] shows a perspective view of a lower fixing of the headlight support module,

[0024] [Fig.5] represents a perspective view of a retaining clip for the headlight support module,

[0025] [Fig.6] represents a perspective view of a positioning lug of the headlight support module,

[0026] [Fig.7] represents a perspective view from the rear of a frame piece intended to be attached to the front bumper of the vehicle and to the headlight support module,

[0027] [Fig.8] represents a perspective view illustrating the assembly of the headlight support module to the frame part,

[0028] [Fig.9] represents a cross-sectional view of a front bumper of the vehicle according to the invention,

[0029] [Fig. 10] represents the same cross-sectional view, after a frontal impact suffered by the front bumper of the vehicle. Description of method(s) of implementation

[0030] In the figures, and unless otherwise specified, identical elements shall bear the same reference symbols.

[0031] For the purposes of this description, reference will be made to a direct orthonormal XYZ coordinate system commonly used in automotive design, in which the X-axis designates the front-to-rear longitudinal direction of the vehicle, oriented towards the rear, the Y-axis designates the transverse direction and is oriented to the right of the vehicle, and the Z-axis designates the vertical direction and is oriented upwards. This XYZ coordinate system has been shown in all the figures.

[0032] With reference to [Fig. 1], the front of a vehicle 1 includes a front bumper 2. The front bumper 2 has an opening 3. An internal cavity 2A formed by the front bumper 2 (see [Fig. 9] and [Fig. 10]) opens onto the front of the vehicle 1 through this opening 3. From the point of view of a person looking at the vehicle 1 from the front, the opening 3 makes visible the left front headlight 4L, the right front headlight 4R of the vehicle 1, and a continuous central space which goes from the left front headlight 4L to the right front headlight 4R. For this purpose, the opening 3 is delimited by a left lateral edge 3L located to the left of the left front headlight 4L, a right lateral edge 3R located to the right of the right front headlight 4R, and an upper edge 3U and a lower edge 3D which each connect the left lateral edge 3L and the right lateral edge 3R.

[0033] With reference to [Fig. 2] and [Fig. 3], the vehicle 1 comprises a headlight support module 10. The headlight support module 10 is attached to the front bumper 2, as will be detailed below. The headlight support module 10 comprises two headlight receptacles, namely a left headlight receptacle 13L and a right headlight receptacle 13R. Not shown, the left headlight 4L is inserted into an opening 14L defined by the left headlight receptacle 13L, optionally by being attached to the left headlight receptacle 13L. Similarly, the right headlight 4R is inserted into the opening 14R defined by the right headlight receptacle 13R, optionally by being attached to the right headlight receptacle 13R.

[0034] With reference to [Fig.1], [Fig.2] and [Fig.9], a transparent cover 11 (for example made of polycarbonate) can be attached to the headlight support module 10 to protect the front headlights 4L, 4R against low-speed impacts and against external particles while leaving the front headlights 4L, 4R visible from the front of the vehicle 1. The position of the front headlights 4L, 4R behind the transparent cover 11 is shown in dotted lines on [Fig.2].

[0035] Between the front headlight receptacles 13L, 13R, the headlight support module 10 comprises a central portion 12. In the example shown, a larger dimension of this central portion 12 is along the transverse direction Y of vehicle 1; that is, the central portion 12 is longer along the transverse direction Y than along the vertical direction Z (and also longer than along the longitudinal direction X, of course). In this way, the headlight receptacles 13L, 13R, and therefore the headlights 4L, 4R, can be positioned in their usual positions along the transverse direction Y. The central portion 12 has a lower edge 12D and an upper edge 12U that is higher than the lower edge 12D along the vertical direction Z.

[0036] The headlight support module 10 is preferably a single piece, meaning that the headlight receptacles 13L, 13R, the central portion 12, and the other parts of the headlight support module 10 described below are a single piece. Thus, the headlight receptacles 13L, 13R, and the other parts of the headlight support module 10 described below are made from the same material as, or formed as a single unit with, the central portion 12.

[0037] The headlight support module 10 is preferably obtained by molding. Thus, the front headlight receptacles 13L, 13R, the central portion 12, and the other parts of the headlight support module 10 described below are preferably made of the same material, which may, for example, be a polymer.

[0038] We now describe how the headlight support module 10 is positioned relative to the front bumper 2 and attached to it.

[0039] With reference to [Fig.2] and [Fig.3], the headlight support module 10 comprises a plurality of lower fixings 40, a plurality of retaining clips 50, and a plurality of positioning lugs 62.

[0040] Referring to [Fig.3], the lower fasteners 40 are spaced along the lower edge 12D of the central portion 12. Although [Fig.3] represents three lower fasteners 40, a different number of lower fasteners 40 may be envisaged.

[0041] Referring to [Fig. 4], each lower fastener 40 comprises a support 41 integral with the central portion 12, a plate 43, and a weakened portion 49. The plate 43 is located behind the support 41 along the longitudinal direction X of the vehicle and has one or more through holes 44 (see [Fig. 4]), each receiving a A fastening element 400 (see [Fig. 4], [Fig. 9], and [Fig. 10]), such as a screw, is used to attach the central portion 12 to the front bumper 2. The weakened portion 49 connects the support 41 to the plate 43 and is configured to break in response to a force applied to the central portion 12 towards the rear of the vehicle 1 along the longitudinal direction X. In the example shown, the weakened portion 49 consists of a thinned section of the lower fastener 40, which has two webs 491 and 492 separated from each other by a fold line 49F parallel to the transverse direction Y, such that the weakened portion 49 will break along this fold line 49F. Alternatively, other designs are possible for the weakened portion 49.

[0042] With reference to [Fig. 2] and [Fig. 3], the retaining clips 50 are spaced along the lower edge 12D of the central portion 12. Although [Fig. 2] and [Fig. 3] show four retaining clips 50 along the lower edge 12D, a different number of retaining clips 50 may be provided. In addition, one or more retaining clips 50 may also be provided on each of the receptacles 13L, 13R extending from the lower edge 12D, here with two retaining clips 50 per receptacle 13L, 13R.

[0043] Referring to [Fig. 5], each retaining clip 50 has two pins 52 projecting from a support wall 51. The support wall 51 extends along the vertical direction Z. The two pins 52 project from the support wall 51 towards the front of the vehicle 1 along the longitudinal direction X. The pins 52 are elastically deformable and are received in a retaining housing 85 (see [Fig. 9]). The elastic deformation of the pins 52 during their insertion into the retaining housing 85 prevents the central portion 12 from translating towards the rear of the vehicle 1 along the longitudinal direction X. However, the retaining clips 50 are configured so that the pins 52 are released from the retaining housings 85 in response to a force applied to the central portion 12 towards the rear of the vehicle 1 along the longitudinal direction X. Alternatively, other configurations are possible for the retaining clips 50.

[0044] With reference to [Fig. 2] and [Fig. 3], the positioning lugs 62 are spaced along the upper edge 12U of the central portion 12. Although [Fig. 2] and [Fig. 3] show four positioning lugs 62 along the upper edge 12U, a different number of positioning lugs 62 may be provided. In addition, one or more positioning lugs 62 may also be provided on each of the receptacles 13L, 13R extending from the upper edge 12U, here with two positioning lugs 62 per receptacle 13L, 13R.

[0045] Referring to [Fig. 6], each positioning lug 62 projects from a support wall 61. The support wall 61 extends along the vertical direction Z. The positioning lug 62 projects from the support wall 61 towards the front of the Vehicle 1 is positioned along the longitudinal direction X. The positioning lug 62 is received in a positioning slot 86 (see [Fig. 9]), which locks the headlight support module 10 in translation along the vertical direction Z and along a transverse direction Y of vehicle 1, while allowing translational movement of the central portion 12 towards the rear of vehicle 1 along the longitudinal direction X. In the example shown, the positioning lugs 62 are cruciform. Alternatively, other geometries are possible for the positioning lugs 62.

[0046] Returning to [Fig. 2], the receptacles 13L, 13R are advantageously provided with at least one mounting plate for attaching the receptacles 13L, 13R to the front bumper 2, for example by means of fixing screws (not shown). In the example shown, each receptacle 13L, 13R has two mounting plates, namely an upper mounting plate 22 and a lower mounting plate 24. In this way, the receptacles 13L, 13R can be held firmly in place relative to the front bumper 2.

[0047] Conversely, for reasons which will become apparent below, it is particularly preferable that the central portion 12 be devoid of fasteners along its upper edge 12U for fixing the central portion 12 to the front bumper 2. In this regard, it should be noted that the positioning lugs 62 cannot be considered as such fasteners since they allow translational movement of the central portion 12 towards the rear of the vehicle 1 in the longitudinal direction.

[0048] Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the front bumper 2 orthogonally to the transverse direction Y, thus revealing the internal cavity 2A formed by the front bumper 2. The headlight support module 10 is positioned relative to the front bumper 2 in the internal cavity 2A by the positioning lugs 62, held in the internal cavity 2A by the retaining clips 50, and fixed to the front bumper 2 in the internal cavity 2A via the lower fasteners 40. This positioning and fixing of the headlight support module 10 is carried out in such a way that, from the point of view of a person looking at the vehicle 1 from the front, the front headlights 4L, 4R are visible through the opening 3 (optionally through the transparent cover 11) as previously mentioned.

[0049] Figure 9 also shows the direction of a frontal impact Fl in the event of a leg collision, and Figure 10 shows the deformations of the front bumper 2 resulting from such a frontal impact FL. As shown in Figure 10, the frontal impact Fl leads to the following: 1 / The positioning lugs 62 are released from the positioning slots 86 towards the rear of the vehicle 1 along the longitudinal direction X, this not being not hindered in any way by the cooperation of the positioning lugs 62 with the positioning housings 86. 2 / The pins 52 of the retaining clips 50 are released from the retaining housings 85, but this only occurs if the force applied to the central portion 12 towards the rear of the vehicle 1 along the longitudinal direction X is sufficiently large. In one embodiment, the pins 52 are released from the retaining housings 85 when this force exceeds 70 decanewtons (daN). 3 / The weakened portions 49 of the lower fixings 40 break, so that the headlight support module 10 (or at least the central portion 12) detaches from the front bumper 2. This only occurs if the frontal impact Fl results from a sufficiently high frontal impact speed. In one embodiment, the weakened portions 49 break at a frontal impact speed of 40 km / h or less. A frontal impact speed of 40 km / h corresponds to the leg collision assessment conditions used by Euro NCAP.

[0050] It follows from point 1 / above that the front bumper 2 and the headlight support module 10 provide sufficient protection to a pedestrian in the event of a leg-high collision. Indeed, since the interaction of the positioning lugs 62 with the positioning slots 86 does not prevent the central portion 12 from translating towards the rear of the vehicle 1 in the longitudinal direction X, this rearward translation prevents the upper part of the central portion 12 from acting as a fixed and undeformable structure that could cause injury to the pedestrian. This is particularly the case if, as mentioned above, the central portion 12 lacks fastening elements along its upper edge 12U to secure the central portion 12 to the front bumper 2. In this case, the upper part of the central portion 12 is completely free to translate towards the rear of the vehicle 1 in the event of a leg-high collision.

[0051] It follows from points 2 and 3 above that the front bumper 2 and the headlight support module 10 provide sufficient protection to a pedestrian in the event of a leg collision. Indeed, the fact that the pins 52 of the retaining clips 50 are released from the retaining slots 85 and that the weakened portions 49 break off detaches the headlight support module 10 from the front bumper 2 at a frontal impact speed of 40 km / h, thus preventing the central portion 12 from acting as a fixed and undeformable structure that could cause injury to the pedestrian. However, the release of the pins 52 and the breaking of the weakened portions 49 only occur at a sufficiently high frontal impact speed, which prevents the headlight support module 10 from detaching from the front bumper 2 in the event of a low-speed collision, such as in a parking lot.

[0052] The retaining housings 85 and the positioning housings 86 can be formed on the front bumper 2 itself. However, to facilitate the manufacture of the front bumper 2, it is preferable that the retaining housings 85 and the positioning housings 86 be formed on a separate part of the front bumper 2 and attached to it.

[0053] Figures 7 and 8 illustrate a preferred embodiment in which this separate part is a frame piece 80 having a central opening 81 with dimensions substantially equal to those of the opening 3. This frame piece 80, preferably a single piece, is fixed to the front bumper 2 in the internal cavity 2A between the headlight support module 10 and the front bumper 2 as shown in [Fig. 9]. It will be understood from [Fig. 8] that it is particularly advantageous for the positioning lugs 62 and the pins 52 of the retaining clips 50 to project towards the front of the vehicle 1 along the longitudinal direction X, because then a simple translation of the headlight module 10 along the longitudinal direction X is sufficient to bring the positioning lugs 62 and the pins 52 to cooperate respectively with the positioning slots 86 and the retaining slots 85.

[0054] Advantageously, as shown in [Fig.7], the frame piece 80 has a plurality of weldable areas 89 for fixing the frame piece 80 to the front bumper 2 by ultrasonic welding at said weldable areas 89.

[0055] A method for assembling vehicle 1 using this frame part 80 comprises the following steps: - a step of attaching the frame part 80 to the front bumper 2 in the internal cavity 2A by ultrasonic welding at the weldable areas 89 of the frame part 80; - a step of positioning the headlight support module 10, this positioning step comprising inserting the positioning lugs 62 into the positioning slots 86 and the pins 52 of the retaining clips 50 into the retaining slots 85; and - a step of fixing the central portion 12 to the front bumper 2 using the lower fixings 40, for example using fixing elements 400 such as screws received in the through holes 44.

Claims

Demands

1. Vehicle (1) comprising: - a front bumper (2) forming an internal cavity (2A) which opens onto the front of the vehicle (1) through an opening (3); and - a headlight support module (10) fixed to the front bumper (2) in the internal cavity (2A), the headlight support module (10) comprising a left front headlight receptacle (13L), a right front headlight receptacle (13R), and a central portion (12) between the left front headlight receptacle (13L) and the right front headlight receptacle (13R), in which the central portion (12) has a lower edge (12D) and an upper edge (12U) situated higher than the lower edge (12D) along a vertical direction Z of the vehicle (1) and comprises: - a plurality of lower fixings (40) spaced along the lower edge (12D) and fixing the central portion (12) to the front bumper (2);and - a plurality of positioning lugs (62) spaced along the upper edge (12U), each positioning lug (62) being inserted into a positioning housing (86) so as to lock the headlight support module (10) in translation along the vertical direction Z and along a transverse direction Y of the vehicle (1) while allowing translational movement of the central portion (12) towards the rear of the vehicle (1) along a longitudinal direction X of the vehicle (1), the transverse direction Y and the longitudinal direction X each being orthogonal to the vertical direction Z.;

2. Vehicle (1) according to claim 1, wherein the central portion (12) is devoid of fasteners along the upper edge (12U) for fixing the central portion (12) to the front bumper (2).

3. Vehicle (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the headlight support module (10) is a single piece, such that the left front headlight receptacle (13L), the right front headlight receptacle (13R) and the central portion (12) are made of one piece of material.

4. Vehicle (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the positioning lugs (62) project forward of the vehicle (1) along the longitudinal direction X of the vehicle (1).

5. Vehicle (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein each of the lower fixings (40) comprises a support (41) integral with the central portion (12), a plate (43) located behind the support (41) along the longitudinal direction X of the vehicle, and a weakened portion (49) connecting the support (41) to the plate (43), the weakened portion (43) being configured to break in response to a force applied to the central portion (12) towards the rear of the vehicle (1) along the longitudinal direction X of the vehicle.

6. Vehicle (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the central portion (12) further comprises a plurality of retaining clips (50) spaced along the lower edge (12D), each retaining clip (50) cooperating with a retaining housing (85) so as to lock the central portion (12) in translation from the central portion (12) towards the rear of the vehicle (1) in the longitudinal direction X of the vehicle (1).

7. Vehicle (1) according to claim 6, wherein each of the retaining clips (50) has a pair of pins (52) projecting towards the front of the vehicle (1) along the longitudinal direction X of the vehicle (1) and inserted into a retaining housing (85), the pins (52) being configured to release from the retaining housing (85) in response to a force applied to the central portion (12) towards the rear of the vehicle (1) along the longitudinal direction X of the vehicle.

8. Vehicle (1) according to any one of claims 6 to 7, wherein the vehicle (1) further comprises a frame piece (80), the frame piece (80) being fixed to the front bumper (2) in the internal cavity (2A) between the headlight support module (10) and the front bumper (2), said positioning slots (86) and said retaining slots (85) being formed in the frame piece (80).

9. Vehicle (1) according to claim 8, wherein the frame piece (80) has a plurality of weldable areas (89) and is attached to the front bumper (2) by ultrasonic welding at said weldable areas (89).

10. A method for assembling a vehicle (1) according to claim 9, the assembly method being characterized in that it comprises the following steps: - a step of fixing the frame part (80) to the front bumper (2) in the internal cavity (2A) by ultrasonic welding at the weldable areas (89) of the frame part (80); - a positioning step of the headlight support module (10), this positioning step including inserting the positioning lugs (62) into the positioning slots (86); and - a step of attaching the central portion (12) to the front bumper (2) using the lower fasteners (40).

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