Method and device for regulating power received from or delivered to an electrical supply network

Abstract

Method and device for regulating power received from or delivered to an electrical supply network. This description relates to a method for regulating, by a control unit (205), power delivered (Pbat,new) by a battery (110) to an AC electrical supply network or power received (Pbat,new) by the network battery, the method comprising: - the reception, by the control unit (205), of a measurement of a state of charge (SoC) of the battery; - the calculation, by the control unit, of a first gain (Kbat,new) as a function of the measurement of the state of charge (SoC) of the battery; and - the transmission, by the control unit, of the first gain (Kbat,new) to a control circuit (210) of the battery, the control circuit (210) of the battery being configured to control the power delivered or received (Pbat,new) by the battery as a function of the first gain (Kbat,new) multiplied by a frequency deviation (∆f) of the network.Figure for the summary: Fig. 2.

Description

Title of the invention: Method and device for regulating power received from or delivered to an electrical supply network. Technical field

[0001] This description relates generally to the field of electronic energy management devices and systems, and in particular to a device, a system and a method for regulating power received from or delivered to an electrical supply network. Previous technique

[0002] A recurring difficulty faced by power supply networks is to balance supply and demand at all times in order to avoid overloading the transmission network, which could lead to general power outages.

[0003] The system frequency is the most important indicator of an instantaneous power imbalance on the network. Indeed, an increase in consumption causes an increase in power demand on synchronous generating machines and thus causes a slowing of their rotational speed. Conversely, a production surplus, and therefore an increase in frequency, will lead to a reduction in the instantaneous power requirement.

[0004] In Europe, it is the role of the transmission system operator (TSO) to ensure network stability by organizing and supervising actions and mechanisms associated with frequency control. Other countries have entities that play a similar role. In relatively large transmission networks, there are generally three frequency control layers used to address frequency deviations: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary frequency control (PFC), also known as frequency containment reserve (FCR), is predominantly ensured by the static capability of large generators.However, the introduction of demand-response (DR) technology in the development of today's smart grids has made the requesting site a new player in the stability of an electrical power grid. Indeed, industrial sites often want to accept a certain degree of flexibility in their power consumption in exchange for financial incentives such as reduced energy costs.

[0005] A battery capable of storing a relatively large amount of electrical energy, for example 1 MWh or more, and configured to deliver or receive a Relatively large power of 100 kW or more on demand and with a relatively short response time, can be part of a demand-response solution.

[0006] There is a need for systems to optimize response dynamics and energy storage management by a battery, and there is a need to improve interactions between the battery and other devices in the power supply network to save energy. Summary of the invention

[0007] To this end, one embodiment provides a method for regulating, by a control unit, the power delivered by a battery to an AC power supply network or the power received by the battery from the network, the method comprising: - the reception, by the control unit, of a measurement of the battery's state of charge; - the calculation, by the control unit, of an initial gain based on the measurement of the battery's state of charge; and - the transmission, by the control unit, of the first gain to a battery control circuit, the battery control circuit being configured to control the power delivered or received by the battery as a function of the first gain multiplied by a frequency difference of the network.

[0008] According to one embodiment, the method further comprises: - the reception, by a central unit, of the first gain; - the transmission, by the central processing unit, of the first gain to a control circuit of a variable load, and - the calculation of a second gain as a function of the first gain, by the control circuit of the variable load; the variable load control circuit being configured to control the power delivered or received by the variable load as a function of the second gain multiplied by the frequency deviation of the network.

[0009] According to one embodiment, the method further comprises: - the transmission, by the control unit, of a first reference gain to the battery control circuit; and - the transmission, by the central unit, of the first reference gain of the battery and a second reference gain of the variable load to the control circuit of the variable load.

[0010] According to one embodiment, the sum of the first gain and the second gain is constant.

[0011] Another embodiment provides for a control unit regulating the power delivered by a battery to an AC power supply network or the power received by the battery from the power supply network, the control unit comprising: - a first input connected to the battery and configured to receive a battery charge status; - a processor configured to calculate an initial gain based on the battery's state of charge; and - a first output configured to transmit the first gain to a battery control circuit, the battery control circuit being configured to control the power delivered or received by the battery as a function of the first gain multiplied by a frequency difference of the network.

[0012] According to one embodiment, the first gain decreases if the state of charge of the battery is between a first threshold and a second threshold.

[0013] According to one embodiment, the first output is further configured to transmit the first gain to a central unit connected to a variable load.

[0014] Another embodiment provides for a control system comprising: - the control unit described above; - the battery control circuit connected to the control unit.

[0015] According to one embodiment, the system further comprises: - the central unit configured to receive the first gain and transmit the first gain to a variable load control circuit; and - the variable load control circuit configured to control power delivered or received by the variable load as a function of a second gain, calculated from the first gain, multiplied by the frequency difference of the network.

[0016] According to one embodiment, the variable load has an energy modulation capacity greater than a nominal operating power.

[0017] According to one embodiment, the variable load is one of: - an electrolyzer; - a source of electrical heat production; - a rotating machine; and - a reversible hydraulic turbine.

[0018] According to one embodiment, a sum of a maximum power delivered or received by the battery and a maximum power delivered or received by the variable load is greater than or equal to 1MW.

[0019] According to one embodiment, the system further comprises: - a control circuit for a second battery connected to the control unit.

[0020] According to one embodiment, the system further comprises: - a control circuit for a second variable load. Brief description of the drawings

[0021] These features and advantages, as well as others, will be described in detail in the following description of particular embodiments, given by way of non-limiting example, in relation to the accompanying figures, among which:

[0022] [Fig.1] is a diagram illustrating a power supply system according to an embodiment of the present description;

[0023] [Fig.2] is a diagram illustrating elements of the system of [Fig.1] in more detail according to an embodiment of the present description;

[0024] [Fig.3] is a graph representing an example of maximum certification step up consumption of the system of [Fig.1] and [Fig.2] as a function of time according to an embodiment of the present description;

[0025] [Fig.4] is a graph representing an example of the evolution of the state of charge of a battery of the system of [Fig.1] and [Fig.2] as a function of time according to an embodiment of the present description;

[0026] [Fig.5] is a graph representing an example of the evolution of the power of a battery of the system of [Fig.1] and [Fig.2] as a function of time according to an embodiment of the present description;

[0027] [Fig.6] is a graph representing an example of the evolution of the state of charge of the battery of the system of [Fig.1] and [Fig.2] as a function of time according to an embodiment of the present description;

[0028] [Fig.7] is a flowchart of an algorithm for determining a new battery regulation gain of the system of [Fig.1] and [Fig.2] as a function of time according to an embodiment of the present description;

[0029] [Fig.8] includes two graphs representing the powers delivered or received by the system of [Fig.1] and [Fig.2] as a function of a frequency gap and representing an example of the evolution of the frequency gap as a function of time according to an embodiment of the present description;

[0030] [Fig.9A], [Fig.9B], [Fig.9C], [Fig.9D] and [Fig.9E] are graphs corresponding to a simulation of the system of [Fig.1] and [Fig.2] according to an embodiment of the present description;

[0031] [Fig. 10] is a diagram illustrating a power supply system according to another embodiment of the present description; and

[0032] [Fig.1 1] is a graph representing powers delivered or received by the system of [Fig. 10] as a function of a frequency difference according to an embodiment of the present description. Description of the implementation methods

[0033] The same elements have been designated by the same reference numerals in the different figures. In particular, the structural and / or functional elements common to the different embodiments may have the same reference numerals and may have identical structural, dimensional and material properties.

[0034] For the sake of clarity, only the steps and elements useful for understanding the described embodiments have been shown and are detailed. In particular, the evaluation of a frequency deviation in an AC power supply network, the evaluation of a battery's state of charge, and the evaluation of an asset's state of saturation are known to a person skilled in the art and are not detailed in this description.

[0035] In the following description, an asset is defined as a device configured to deliver or receive electricity and configured to modulate received or delivered electrical energy with respect to an operating power.

[0036] Unless otherwise specified, when referring to two elements connected together, this means directly connected without intermediate elements other than conductors, and when referring to two elements connected (in English "coupled") together, this means that these two elements can be connected or linked through one or more other elements.

[0037] In the following description, when reference is made to absolute position qualifiers, such as the terms "front", "back", "top", "bottom", "left", "right", etc., or relative position qualifiers, such as the terms "above", "below", "superior", "inferior", etc., or to orientation qualifiers, such as the terms "horizontal", "vertical", etc., reference is made, unless otherwise specified, to the orientation of the figures.

[0038] Unless otherwise specified, the expressions "approximately", "roughly", and "in the order of" mean within 10%, preferably within 5%.

[0039] Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating a power supply system 100 according to an embodiment of the present description.

[0040] In the example of [Fig.1], the system 100 comprises a first customer site 102, a second customer site 104 and a central energy management system 106.

[0041] Each of the customer sites 102, 104 in the system 100 corresponds to a site that includes at least one asset, with electrical energy being received by the customer site 102, 104 from an alternative power supply network and / or electrical energy being delivered by the customer site 102, 104 to the network. For example, one or more power supply contracts are in place involving the customer sites 102, 104 and network operators, establishing a commercial relationship between the entities. Although two customer sites 102, 104 are illustrated in the example in [Fig. 1], in alternative embodiments there may be any number of customer sites managed by the central power management system 106.

[0042] Each of the customer sites 102, 104 includes at least one asset which is, for example, adapted to meet current and future needs.

[0043] In the example of [Fig. 1], the customer site asset 102 is an energy storage tank, for example a battery 110 (“BAT”), for example a lithium-ion battery or, for example, a high-capacity battery bank. The battery 110 is, for example, configured to deliver or receive a maximum power of between 100 kW (inclusive) and 10 MW (inclusive), and for example between 400 kW (inclusive) and 600 kW (inclusive), and preferably has a maximum power of 500 kW. The battery 110 is said to be a “limited tank,” that is, the battery 110 has a limited storage capacity, for example between 100 kWh and 10 MWh, and for example between 1 MWh and 10 MWh.

[0044] The battery 110 is, for example, coupled to a first control unit 112 (“CRTL”) on site via a battery management system 114 (“BMS”). The first control unit 112 includes, for example, a first monitoring and control interface 116 (“PMS-PLC”) and a first communication and control interface 118 (“POOL-PLC”). The first monitoring and control interface 116 is, for example, a programmable logic controller (“PLC”), for example configured to implement power management, similar to the role of a power management system (PMS), or configured to implement a request-response (DR) box.

[0045] The first monitoring and control interface 116 is, for example, coupled to one or more first on-site measuring devices 120 (METERS) configured to monitor active and reactive power for one and / or all three phases, and / or other electrical properties. For example, the first on-site measuring devices 120 include one or more electrical measuring devices monitoring an electrical current supplied to and / or received by the site, and one or more electrical measuring devices monitoring an electrical current delivered by or received from the battery 110, one or more electrical measuring devices monitoring the phases of electrical signals, and one or more AC (alternating current) frequency meters monitoring the frequency of the electrical supply voltages present on the electrical network, as seen by the site 102.Other properties that can be measured include electrical energy and power factor. The first monitoring and control interface 116 is, for example, configured to receive measurement data from the first on-site measuring devices 120.

[0046] The first control unit 112 is, for example, configured to provide the communication interface between the customer site 102 and the central management system 106, for example via the first communication and control interface 118.

[0047] The first communication and control interface 118 is, for example, configured to communicate with the central energy management system 106, and in some cases with customer equipment, via the Internet. For example, although not illustrated in [Fig. 1], the connection between the first communication and control interface 118 and the Internet is made either via a switched communication network, such as an ADSL (asymmetric digital subscriber line) modem, or via a wireless connection, for example, a cellular communication network. The connection between the first communication and control interface 118 and the Internet is, for example, a secure connection, for example, via the use of a VPN (Virtual Private Network).

[0048] In the example of [Fig. 1], the customer site asset 104 is a variable load, for example an electrolyzer 121 (“ELY”), for example a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer. The electrolyzer 121 is, for example, configured to deliver a power greater than or equal to 600 kW and, for example, greater than or equal to 1500 kW. The electrolyzer 121 is a variable load, referred to as an “unlimited reservoir,” that is, the electrolyzer 121 has an energy modulation capacity greater, for example, by at least 50%, than a nominal operating power that it is configured to deliver or receive; in other words, the electrolyzer 121 has a relatively large virtual energy storage capacity. The variable load is configured to modulate, up or down, its consumption around its nominal operating power to virtually deliver or receive power.In other embodiments, not illustrated, the electrolyzer 121 is replaced by another variable load, for example an electrical heat production source, a rotating machine (fan, pump), or a reversible hydraulic turbine.

[0049] A dynamic of a system comprising several variable loads, for example comprising several electrolyzers, connected to each other electrically and in communication or control, is for example slower than a dynamic of a system comprising only one or more batteries and than the setting specifications of the transmission network manager.

[0050] The customer site 104 includes, for example, a second control unit 122 playing a role similar to the first control unit 112 of the customer site 102, and which will not be described in detail again. The second control unit 122 includes, for example, a second monitoring and control interface 126 ('PLC') and a second communication and control interface 128 ('CTRL') which are for example similar to the first monitoring and control interface 116 and the first communication and control interface 118.

[0051] The second monitoring and control interface 126 is for example coupled to one or more second on-site measuring devices 130 (METERS) playing a role similar to the first on-site measuring devices 120.

[0052] The electrolyzer 121 is, for example, coupled to the second control unit 122 via a programmable logic controller master 134 (“PLC Master”)•

[0053] Although in the example of [Fig.1] only one control unit 112, 122 is provided for each site 102, 104, in alternative embodiments some sites could include several control units.

[0054] The central management system 106 includes, for example, a control and data acquisition system 138, which is, for example, implemented by a distributed energy resource management system (DERMS) or, for example, a supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system, responsible for receiving data from each of the communication and control interfaces 118, 128, and is configured to provide control signals to the customer sites 102, 104. In addition, the control and data acquisition system 138 is, for example, responsible for acquiring and storing data measurements from the sites 102, 104, and also information concerning the state of the sites, such as a state of charge (SoC) of the battery 110 and a saturation state (Sat) of the electrolyzer 121.The command and data acquisition system 138 includes, for example, a control and planning circuit 140 ("Planning Monitoring") and a central interface 142 ("Pool gateway"). The central interface 142 is, for example, configured to receive and send data to sites 102, 104 and to the control and planning circuit 140.

[0055] The central energy management system 106 also includes, for example, a distributed energy resource management system (DERMS) 150, which is, for example, a computer platform configured to organize the allocation of resources between loads or batteries of various customer sites of the system 100. The DERMS 150 also provides, for example, an interface with a market server and with an electricity network operator server.

[0056] For example, the market server provides information on electricity prices for current and / or future periods, and information on activations requested by the electricity network operator. The electricity network operator's server corresponds, for example, to a computer platform of a The electricity network operator supplying electricity to customer sites 102, 104. In Europe, the electricity network operator corresponds, for example, to the transmission system operator (TSO) and / or the distributed system operator (DSO). For example, the electricity network operator's server provides activation commands to the DERMS 150, and the DERMS 150 provides control data, such as monitoring data and / or load status, to the electricity network operator's server.

[0057] The DERMS 150 is, for example, configured to determine how energy use at customer sites 102, 104 can be adapted in light of electricity prices for current and / or future periods in order to reduce energy costs and / or generate revenue at the customer sites, for example, through reductions in raw material charges or by balancing services in the grid. For example, the DERMS 150 is arranged to transmit control signals to customer sites 102, 104 indicating periods during which charging the battery 110 from the electricity grid should be prioritized, for example, due to relatively low electricity prices, and periods during which discharging the battery 110 back into the electricity grid should be prioritized, for example, due to relatively high electricity prices.

[0058] [Fig.2] is a diagram 200 illustrating elements of system 100 of [Fig.1] in more detail according to an embodiment of the present description.

[0059] Certain elements of [Fig.2] correspond to elements of [Fig.1]. These elements are referenced with the same references as in [Fig.1] and will not be described again in detail.

[0060] The AC power grid, not shown, is configured, for example, to deliver alternating voltage or current at a target frequency, for example 50 Hz, to consumers. The power delivered by the grid to the consumers is generated, for example, by a set of assets configured to deliver power to the grid. A frequency deviation Af from the grid frequency is, for example, an indicator of a change in consumer demand. System 100 is configured, for example, to generate a total power APpooi that varies over time to respond to the change in demand. For example, System 100 is configured to evaluate or receive the frequency deviation Af and to generate the power APpOOien as a function of the frequency deviation Af. Variations in the power APpooi can, for example, compensate for a temporary increase or decrease in the power available on the grid.

[0061] According to one embodiment, the system 100 is configured to be engaged in Frequency Containment Reserve (FCR). For example, the system 100 is configured to be able to deliver or to receive a maximum total power over a predefined period, for a given maximum frequency deviation Afmax. For example, for a maximum frequency deviation Afmax of 200 MHz, system 100 is configured to deliver or receive a maximum total power of 1 MW for 15 minutes. The total power APpooi then corresponds to the sum of the commitment power Pbat of battery 110 and the commitment power Peiy of electrolyzer 121. The powers Pbat and Peiy correspond to the maximum powers delivered or received respectively by battery 110 and electrolyzer 121. In particular, when the frequency deviation Af is equal to Afmax, each asset is configured to deliver or receive its commitment power. For example, Pbat = 400 kW and Peiy = 600 kW. The 110 battery therefore has a commitment of an energy greater than or equal to 100 kWh in order to be able to deliver or receive 400 kW for 15 min.The power levels Pbat and Pdy are, for example, set at the beginning of an FCR engagement by the DERMS 150 in [Fig. 1]. The power level Pbat corresponds to a first regulation gain Kbat, for example, configured so that Pbat = +Kbat .Afmax. By convention, this has a positive sign for the production asset because it is a battery configured in the "Behind The Meter" (BTM) position. In other examples, for example in the case of direct injection, the sign would be negative. In this example, Kbat = 2 kW / mHz. Similarly, the power level Peiy corresponds to a second regulation gain Keiy configured so that Peiy = Keiy .Afmax. In this example, Keiy = 3 kW / mHz.

[0062] According to one embodiment, the DERMS 150 of [Fig. 1] is configured to transmit the first regulation gain Kbat and the second regulation gain Keiy to the control and data acquisition system 138 of the system 100. Kpooi denotes the total regulation gain, Kpooi being equal to the sum of Kbat and Keiy. In theory, the power APpooi is equal to the product of Kpooi and the frequency deviation Af.

[0063] According to one embodiment, the control and data acquisition system 138 is configured to transmit the first regulation gain Kbat and a saturation state Sat of the electrolyzer 121 to an adjustment circuit 205 (“REG Kbat”) of the first regulation gain Kbat. The adjustment circuit 205 is further configured to receive a measurement of the state of charge SoC of the battery 110. The battery 110 is configured to store energy. When the battery 110 delivers power, the amount of energy stored by the battery 110 decreases. When the battery 110 receives power, the amount of energy stored by the battery 110 increases. The ratio between the amount of energy stored by the battery 110 at a given time and its maximum capacity or useful energy, denoted Ebat, is called its state of charge (“SoC”), for example, expressed as a percentage. The maximum Ebat capacity of the 110 battery is For example, greater than or equal to 500 kWh (inclusive) and is greater than or equal to 650 kWh (inclusive). The maximum capacity Ebat of battery 110 is, for example, between 680 kWh (inclusive) and 710 kWh (inclusive) for a discharge of battery 110 and is, for example, between 750 kWh (inclusive) and 770 kWh (inclusive) for a charge of battery 110. The maximum capacity Ebat decreases, for example, as battery 110 ages.

[0064] The adjustment circuit 205 is, for example, configured to calculate a new regulation gain Kbat>new from Kbat, Sat, and SoC. The gain Kbat>new is calculated taking into account the state of charge SoC of the battery 110 and the saturation state Sat of the electrolyzer 121 to optimize the distribution of power to be delivered or received by the system 100 among its assets. For example, the electrolyzer 121 is used to deliver power if the state of charge SoC is low and to receive power if the state of charge SoC is high.

[0065] The adjustment circuit 205 is for example a circuit of the first control unit 112 and for example a circuit of the first monitoring and control interface 116.

[0066] According to one embodiment, the adjustment circuit 205 can be deactivated. The new regulation gain Kbat>new is then equal to Kbat, regardless of the state of charge SoC of the battery 110 and the saturation state of the electrolyzer 121.

[0067] The adjustment circuit 205 is for example configured to transmit the new regulation gain Kbat>new to the control and data acquisition system 138 and to a first conversion circuit 210 (“CONV”).

[0068] According to one embodiment, the first conversion circuit 210 is configured to receive the new regulation gain Kbat>new from the adjustment circuit 205 and to receive the frequency deviation Af. The frequency deviation Af is, for example, estimated or measured by the first on-site measuring devices 120 of [Fig. 1]. The first conversion circuit 210 is configured to generate a first power APbat. The power APbat is, for example, calculated by multiplying Kbat>new by Af. The first conversion circuit 210 is configured to transmit the power APbat to the battery 110. The first conversion circuit 210 is, for example, a circuit of the first control unit 112 and, for example, a circuit of the first monitoring and control interface 116.

[0069] The battery 110 includes, for example, internal control circuits, not shown. The battery 110 is, for example, configured to deliver or receive the power Pbat>new. The power Pbat>new is, for example, equal to the power APbat.

[0070] According to one embodiment, the power Pbat>new is, for example, equal to the sum of the power APbat and a power Po. The power Po corresponds to a power to be delivered by battery 110 when Af is zero. Po is for example zero if battery 110 is configured to deliver or receive power, linked to the FCR, exclusively to the network and Po is for example non-zero if battery 110 is also engaged elsewhere.

[0071] The battery 110 is configured for example to evaluate its state of charge SoC and to transmit it to the adjustment circuit 205.

[0072] According to one embodiment, the control and data acquisition system 138 is further configured to transmit the first regulation gain Kbat, the second regulation gain Keiy, and the new regulation gain Kbat>new to a second conversion circuit 220 (“CONV”). The second conversion circuit 220 is, for example, a circuit of the second control unit 122 and, for example, a circuit of the second monitoring and control interface 126. The second conversion circuit 220 is, for example, configured to calculate a new regulation gain Keiy for the electrolyzer 121 from Keiy, Kbat, and Kbat>new. For example, Keiy,new is calculated such that Kbat>new + Keiy>new = Kbat + Keiy = Kpooi.

[0073] According to one embodiment, the second conversion circuit 220 is further configured to receive the frequency deviation Af. The frequency deviation Af is, for example, estimated or measured by the second on-site measuring devices 130 of [Fig. 1]. The second conversion circuit 220 is configured to generate a second power APeiy. The power APeiy is, for example, calculated by multiplying Keiynew by Af. The second conversion circuit 220 is configured to transmit the power APeiy to the electrolyzer 121. The second conversion circuit 220 is, for example, a circuit of the second control unit 122 and, for example, a circuit of the second monitoring and control interface 126.

[0074] The second conversion circuit 220 is configured for example to determine the saturation state of the electrolyzer 121, for example by comparing the frequency gap Af to a threshold frequency gap Afsat, the threshold frequency gap Afsat being calculated for example as a function of Keiy>new and Pely, for example by Peiy / Keiy>new.

[0075] The electrolyzer 121 is, for example, configured to receive the power APeiy as a command and to consume the power Peiy >new. The power Peiy>new is, for example, equal to the sum of the power APeiy and a power Po'. The power Po' corresponds to a nominal operating power consumed by the electrolyzer 121 when Af is zero.

[0076] Let Ppooi be the sum of the powers delivered or received by each of the assets of the system 100. In the example of [Fig. 1], the battery 110 delivers or receives a power Pbat > new and the electrolyzer 121 consumes a power Peiy, new, therefore Ppooi = P bat,new+Peiy,new=APbat+Po+APeiy+Po' • The distribution of power Ppooi between assets varies for example over time.

[0077] The power Ppooi thus delivered or received by the assets of system 100 corresponds to the sum 240 of the power Pbat >new and the power Peiy >new.

[0078] According to one embodiment, illustrated in [Fig. 2], the total power APpooi corresponds to the difference between the power Ppooi and a power Pbaseiine: APpooi = Ppooi - Pbaseiine. The power Pbaseiine corresponds to the sum of the powers Po and Po'. Therefore, we have: APpooi = APbat + APeiy = Kpooi .Af.

[0079] Although, in the example described in relation to [Fig.2], the adjustment circuit 205, the first conversion circuit 210 and the battery 110 are described in a system also comprising the control and data acquisition system 138 and elements of the second customer site 104, they could also be implemented independently.

[0080] Fig. 3 is a graph representing an example of a maximum certification step up in consumption of system 100 of Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 according to an embodiment of the present description.

[0081] Powers (“P [W]”) are represented as a function of time (“T [s]”).

[0082] According to one embodiment, a control signal, for example sent by the DERMS 150 of the [Fig.1] to the control and data acquisition system 138, commands the system 100 to deliver or receive the power APpooi distributed between the power APbat>new delivered by the battery 110 of the system 100 and the power APeiy>new consumed by the electrolyzer 121 of the system 100.

[0083] An activation time (“AT”) corresponds, for example, to a delay between the receipt of a command by an asset and a change in its output, for example, a change exceeding a measurement uncertainty. A response time (“RT”) corresponds to the time required by an asset to reach, for example, 95% of a target value after receiving a command.

[0084] In the example of [Fig. 3], the power Pbat>new delivered by the battery 110 is represented by a curve 310. The battery 110 delivers, for example, a power increasing from OkW to the power Pbat in approximately 3 s. The power Peiy>new delivered by the electrolyzer 121 is represented by a curve 320. The electrolyzer 121 delivers, for example, a power increasing from OkW to the power Peiy in approximately 20 s. A curve 330 corresponds to the evolution of the power Ppooi over time. The battery 110 has a short response time compared to a variable load such as the electrolyzer 121 and makes it possible to reduce the response time of the system 100 comprising at least one battery and one or more variable loads. The system 100 has an activation time corresponding to the activation time the lower of the battery activation time 110 and the electrolyzer activation time 121.

[0085] The variable load, for example the electrolyzer 121, has for example a large useful energy compared to the useful energy Ebat of the battery 110. An advantage of the system 100 comprising at least one battery and one or more variable loads is therefore a relatively short response time for a relatively large useful energy.

[0086] Fig. 4 is a graph representing an example of the evolution of the state of charge SoC of the battery 110 (“SoC [%]”) of the system 100 of Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 as a function of time (“T[h]”) according to an embodiment of the present description.

[0087] In the example of [Fig.4], a charging time of battery 110 from 12% to 95% is approximately 1.5 h. A discharging time of battery 110 from 97% to 12% is approximately 1.25 h.

[0088] The usable state of charge SoC of the battery 110 is for example from 12% to 97%.

[0089] Figure 5 is a graph representing an example of power evolution (“ P[kW]") of battery 110 of system 100 of [Fig.1] and [Fig.2] as a function of time ("T[h]") according to an embodiment of the present description.

[0090] In the example of [Fig.5], the battery 110 is configured to deliver 210 kW until 0 h, then to deliver 500 kW between 0 h and 1.5 h, then to deliver approximately 0 kW between 1.5 h and 4 h, then to receive 500 kW between 4 h and 5.3 h, then to deliver approximately 0 kW after 5.3 h.

[0091] The maximum power delivered by battery 110 is 500 kW and the maximum power received by battery 110 is 500 kW. The activation time of battery 110 is, for example, between 200 ms (inclusive) and 300 ms (inclusive). The response time of battery 110 is, for example, between 600 ms (inclusive) and 700 ms (inclusive).

[0092] Fig. 6 is a graph representing an example of the evolution of the state of charge (“SoC [%]”) of the battery 110 of the system 100 of Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 as a function of time (“T”), by a curve 610, according to an embodiment of the present description.

[0093] The state of charge (SoC) of battery 110 varies between 0% and 100% of the usable state of charge depending on the power received or delivered over time. For example, between 0 and t2, power is predominantly delivered by battery 110 and the SoC of battery 110 decreases. After t2, power is predominantly received by battery 110 and the SoC of battery 110 increases.

[0094] The state of charge (SoC) is, for example, divided into several charge levels. The new regulation gain Kbat>new applied to the battery 110 is, for example, defined according to the state of charge (SoC) of the battery 110 and according to the charge level. corresponding. In the example of [Fig.6], a state of charge value “SoC_target” corresponds to a target state of charge value, corresponding for example to a desired value for battery 110. The new regulation gain Kbat>new is for example also defined based on a comparison between SoC and SoC_target.

[0095] For example, a first reserve level corresponds to state-of-charge values ​​between 0% and a SoCmin value, and a second reserve level corresponds to state-of-charge values ​​between a SoCmax value and 100%. SoCmin and SoCmax correspond to the state-of-charge (SoC) levels required for the battery 110 to meet its FCR commitment. Denoting tFCR as a commitment duration, SoCmin = Pbat * tFCR / Ebaf. The commitment duration tFCR is, for example, set according to FCR commitment rules, for example, those set by the TSO (Technical Service Organization) of the geographical area of ​​the site concerned. For example, for tFCR = 15 min, SoCmin corresponds to the minimum state-of-charge (SoC) required for the battery 110 to deliver the power Pbat over a period of 15 min. Similarly, SoCmax=l-Pbat*tFCR / Ebat and SoCmax corresponds to the maximum state of charge SoC required for the battery 110 to receive the power Pbat over a period of 15min.The reserve state of charge SoCmin and SoCmax are not symmetrical, for example, if the charging efficiency differs from the discharging efficiency. It is preferable for the state of charge SoC to be between SoCmin and SoCmax so that battery 110 can meet its FCR commitment. In one embodiment, when the state of charge of battery 110 is at the first or second reserve level, the new regulation gain Kbat>new applied to battery 110 is equal to Kbat so that the battery can verify its FCR commitment.

[0096] A first level of repulsion corresponds to state-of-charge values ​​between SoCmin and a value of SoCrep.dOwn, the value of SoCrep.dOwn being greater than SoCmin. A second level of repulsion corresponds to state-of-charge values ​​between a value of SoCrep up and SoCmax, the value of SoCrep.up being less than SoCmax. Given a repulsion time trep, we have SoCrep.dO„n=Pbat*trep / Ebat and SoCrep.uP=l-SoCrep.dO„n. According to one embodiment, a first repulsion time Lp up is considered for the charging of battery 110 and a second repulsion time trep.down is considered for the discharging of battery 110. We then have: SoCrep doWn=Pbat*treP.dOwn / Ebat and SoCrep.According to one embodiment, when the state of charge of battery 110 is at the first or second level of repulsion, the new regulation gain Kbat>new applied to battery 110 is less than Kbat to reduce the power delivered or received by battery 110 and slow down the progression of the state of charge SoC towards the limit values ​​SoCmin and SoCmax.

[0097] According to one embodiment, the new regulation gain Kbat>new is variable and depends on the difference between the state of charge SoC and SoCmin or SoCmax. For example, the new regulation gain Kbat>new decreases as SoC approaches SoCmin or SoCmax*

[0098] For example, the new regulation gain Keiy>new of the electrolyzer 121 is greater than Keiy to compensate.

[0099] A first level of attraction corresponds to state-of-charge values ​​between SoCrep.dOwn and a value of "SoC_targct-db", the value of SoC_targct-db being between SoCrep.dOwn and SoC_target. A second level of attraction corresponds to state-of-charge values ​​between a value of "SoC_target+db" and SoCrep.up, the value of SoC_target+db being between SoC_largcl and SoCrep.up. According to one embodiment, when the state-of-charge of battery 110 is at the first or second level of attraction, the new regulation gain Kbat>new applied to battery 110 is less than Kbat to reduce the power delivered or received by battery 110 and slow the deviation of the state-of-charge SoC from the target value SoC_target. For example, the new regulation gain Keiy>new of electrolyzer 121 is greater than Keiy to compensate.According to another embodiment, when the state of charge of battery 110 is at the first attraction level or the second attraction level, the new regulation gain Kbat>new applied to battery 110 is equal to Kbat. .

[0100] A neutral level corresponds, for example, to state-of-charge values ​​between SoC_targct-db and SoC_targct+db. The db factor is, for example, a parameter set to avoid unstable behavior when SoC is close to SoC_target. According to one embodiment, the new regulation gain Kbat>new applied to the battery 110 is then equal to Kbat.

[0101] An advantage of having several assets with different dynamics and being able to vary the regulation gains of the assets while maintaining a constant total power delivered or received.

[0102] One advantage of varying the regulation gains of the system assets 100 over time according to the state of charge (SoC) of the battery 110 is the ability to reduce the time spent in the first and second reserve levels. The first and second reserve levels are configured so that the power Pbat can be delivered over the tFCR duration in the event of a critical frequency excursion, for example. For instance, higher power or longer on-time is possible thanks to the variation and optimization of the regulation gains, and, for example, fewer batteries are needed to meet a grid demand.

[0103] Although, in the example of [Fig.6], seven load levels are represented, in other embodiments, not illustrated, a number greater or less than seven load levels is possible.

[0104] The [Fig.7] is a flowchart of an algorithm 700 for determining the new regulation gain Kbat>new of the battery 110 of the system 100 of the [Fig.1] and of the [Fig.2] as a function of time according to an embodiment of the present description.

[0105] Algorithm 700 is for example executed by the adjustment circuit 205 and is configured for example to calculate the new regulation gain Kbat>new of the battery 110. The new regulation gain Kbat>new is composed of a regulation gain Kbat Upnew to be applied to the battery 110 if it is charging, i.e. it is receiving power, and a regulation gain Kbat dw>new to be applied to the battery 110 if it is discharging, i.e. it is delivering power.

[0106] Similarly, the new control gain Keiy>new consists of a control gain KeiyUp,new to be applied to the electrolyzer if it is in an up-consumption phase, i.e., it is consuming power greater than its nominal operating power, and a control gain Keiy dw>new to be applied to the electrolyzer 121 if it is in a down-consumption phase, i.e., it is consuming power less than its nominal operating power. Unless otherwise specified, when Keiy>new is mentioned in this description, it refers to Keiy dw new if the electrolyzer 121 is discharging and to Keiy.up,new if the electrolyzer 121 is charging.

[0107] The following variables are, for example, stored in a memory of the adjustment circuit 205: Kbat, tFCR, Afmax, Ebat, trep, db, and Kadj. These values ​​can, for example, be modified over time. For example, when an FCR commitment is made, the values ​​Pbat, tFCR, Kbat, and Afmax are fixed, for example, by the DERMS 150 of [Fig. 1], for example, until a new commitment is made. The control and data acquisition system 138 is, for example, configured to receive one or more of these values ​​from the DERMS 150 and to transmit them to the circuits 205 and 220 of [Fig. 2]. The value of Pbat or Kbat is, for example, calculated by Pbat = Kbat ≤ Afmax. The Ebat value is defined by battery 110 and decreases, for example, with the aging of battery 110. For example, the internal control circuits of battery 110 measure the Ebat value and send it to the adjustment circuit 205.The values ​​of trep, db and Kadj are, for example, fixed or variable. They are, for example, determined experimentally or by simulations. In addition, the values ​​of SoCmin, SoCmax, SoCrep.up and SoCrep.doWn are calculated according to the formulas detailed in relation to [Fig.6] and are, for example, stored in the memory of circuit 205.

[0108] In an initial state 705 (“IN”), the state of charge SoC of the battery 110 is read for example by the adjustment circuit 205. For example, the internal control circuits of the battery 110 measure the state of charge SoC and send it to the adjustment circuit 205.

[0109]

[0110] [YES]

[0112]

[0113]

[0114]

[0115]

[0116]

[0117]

[0118] As an example, as illustrated in [Fig. 7], the initial state 705 is activated as soon as the FCR engagement is initiated. For example, an activation condition is: “Kbat>0 OR Kbatc0”. The algorithm then executes cyclically. As an alternative (not shown), the initial state 705 is activated when a variable is changed, or when the state of charge (SoC) changes, or when the saturation state (Sat) of the electrolyzer 121 changes. The saturation state (Sat) is, for example, evaluated by internal control circuits of the electrolyzer 121 and sent to the adjustment circuit 205, for example via the control and data acquisition system 138. In a state 710 following the initial state 705, the charge state SoC is for example compared to SoC_target-db and to SoC_targct+db to determine whether the charge state SoC belongs to the neutral level, detailed in relation to [Fig.6]. If the load state SoC belongs to the neutral level (output Y of block 710), that is: SoC_target-db < SoC < SoC_target+db, then the algorithm enters state 715. We then have . Kbat up.new Kbat and Kbat . dw.new Kbat* If the charge state SoC does not belong to the neutral level (output N of block 710), then the algorithm enters state 720. In state 720, the charge state SoC is compared, for example, to SoC_target+db and to SoCrep.up to determine if the charge state SoC belongs to the second attraction level, detailed in relation to [Fig.6]. If the SoC load state belongs to the second attraction level (output Y of block 720), that is: SoC_target+db < SoC < SoCrep.up, then the algorithm enters state 725. We then have . Kbat . up.new—Kbat-Kadj and Kbat . dw.new—Kbat• If the charge state SoC does not belong to the second level of attraction (output N of block 720), then the algorithm enters state 730. In state 730, the charge state SoC is compared to SoCrep.down and SoC_targct-db to determine if the charge state SoC belongs to the first level of attraction, detailed in relation to [Fig.6]. If the load state SoC belongs to the first level of attraction (output Y of block 730), that is: SoCrep.dOwn < SoC < SoC_targct-db, then the algorithm enters state 735. We then have . Kbat. up, new—Kbat and Kbat. dw, new—Kbat-Kadj. If the charge state SoC does not belong to the first level of attraction (output N of block 730), then the algorithm enters state 740. In state 740, algorithm 700 determines, for example, whether the charge state SoC belongs to the first level of repulsion or the second level of repulsion ("(SoCrep.up < SoC < SoCmax) Or (SoCmin < SoC < SoCrep.down)"), detailed in relation to [Fig.6]. If the charge state SoC belongs to the first level of repulsion or the second level of repulsion (output Y of block 740), that is: SoCrep.up < SoC < SoCmax or SoCmin < SoC < SoCrep.dOwn, then the algorithm enters state 750.

[0119] In state 750 (“Ely in Saturation Mode”), the Sat saturation state of the electrolyzer 121 is read for example.

[0120] If, during state 750, the electrolyzer 121 is saturated (output Y of block 750), that is, for example, if the power consumed by the electrolyzer 121 is at its maximum value Pdy, or greater than a threshold set at a level lower than 5% of the maximum value Peiy, then the algorithm enters state 755. We then have: Kbat.uPjnew=Kbat and Kbatdw>new=Kbat. Although the charge state SoC is at a repulsive level, it is not possible to compensate for a variation of Pbat>new by an increase in Peiy,new

[0121] If, during state 750, the electrolyzer 121 is not saturated (output N of block 750), then the algorithm enters state 760. We then have, in the example of figure 7: KbatUDnew=min((SoC^ ; (SoCmax-SoC)Ebat ) and Kbatdwnew=min((SflC-So^ ; ïrep-Afmax fre / >Afmax fre^Afmax (SoCmax-SoC)-Ebat). Consequently, the values ​​of Kbat Upjnew and Kbat.dw new decrease trep-Afmax This is especially true as the SoC value approaches SoCmin or SoCmax. This has the advantage of maintaining the state of charge SoC outside of reserve levels for a relatively longer period. According to another embodiment, not illustrated in [Fig. 7], the values ​​of Kbat.Up,new and Kbat.dwnew are reduced by a constant factor relative to Kbat.

[0122] In the embodiment where the first repulsion time t^p is considered for the charging of battery 110 and the second repulsion time Cp down is considered for the discharging of battery 110, we have: Kbat.UD.new=min((SoC-So^ ; (SoCmax-SoC)-Ebat ) and fre^jzAfmax frQAMpAfmnx Khal dw rlLXV=nnn( ,(SoCmax~SoC)-Ebat ). trepdown-Mmax trepdowtiAf max

[0123] If, during state 740, the state of charge SoC belongs neither to the first level of repulsion nor to the second level of repulsion (output N of block 740), then the algorithm enters state 770. In state 770, algorithm 700 determines, for example, whether the state of charge SoC belongs to the first level of reserve or to the second level of reserve (“(SoCmax< SoC) Or (SoC < SoCmin)”), detailed in relation to [Fig.6].

[0124] If the charge state SoC belongs to the first reserve level or the second reserve level (output Y of block 770), that is: SoCmax < SoC or SoC < SoCmin, then the algorithm enters state 775. We then have: Kbat.up,new = Kbat and Kbat.dw > ne„ = Kbat*

[0125] If, during state 770, the SoC load state does not belong to the first reserve level, nor to the second reserve level (output N of block 770), then the algorithm returns to state 710.

[0126] According to another embodiment, not illustrated in [Fig.7], the values ​​of Kbatupnew and Kbat.dwnew are reduced by a constant factor with respect to Kbat.

[0127] Although, in [Fig.7], states 710, 720, 730, 740 and 770 are executed in that order following the negative outputs (“N”), in other embodiments, not illustrated, these states are executed in a different order following the negative outputs (“N”).

[0128] Fig. 8 includes two graphs 800, 850 representing the powers (“AP”) delivered or received by the system 100 of Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 as a function of the frequency gap Af and representing an example of the evolution of the frequency gap Af as a function of time T according to an embodiment of the present description.

[0129] A curve 810 represents the evolution of APbat as a function of the frequency gap Af, with Kbat>new defined according to algorithm 700 of [Fig.7].

[0130] A curve 815 represents the evolution of APbat as a function of the frequency deviation Af, if the new regulation gain Kbat>new is constant and equal to Kbat.

[0131] A curve 820 represents the evolution of APeiy as a function of the frequency gap Af, with Keiy,new=Kpooi-Kbat,new, Kbat>new being defined according to algorithm 700 of [Fig.7],

[0132] A curve 825 represents the evolution of APeiy as a function of the frequency gap Af, if the new regulation gain Keiy>new is constant and equal to Keiy.

[0133] A curve 830 represents the evolution of APpooi as a function of the frequency difference Af.

[0134] When Af=0, we have APbat=P0 and APeiy=P0'.

[0135] In theory, we have APpooi = Kpooi * Af for a frequency difference Af less than or equal to Afmax. Therefore, APpooi is proportional to Af for Af less than or equal to Afmax. For a frequency difference Af greater than Afmax, the total power APpooi delivered or received by the system 100 is, for example, constant and corresponds to Pbat + Peiy, for example, as defined by an FCR engagement. The regulation gain Kpooi is, for example, constant over time and, for example, defined by the FCR engagement.

[0136] In the absence of regulation of the gains Kbat >new and Keiy >new, that is, if Kbat >new is constant and equal to Kbat and Keiy >new is constant and equal to Keiy, then APbat = Kbat « Af and APeiy = Keiy « Af, for a frequency difference Af less than or equal to Afmax. Curves 815 and 825 are therefore linear between 0 and Afmax and reach Pbat and Peiy respectively for Af = Afmax.

[0137] When the gains Kbat>new and Keiy>new are regulated, for example according to algorithm 700 of [Fig. 7], Kbat>new is, for example, less than or equal to Kbat and Keiy>new is, for example, greater than or equal to Keiy. In the example of [Fig. 8], the gains Kbat>new and Keiy>new are constant for a frequency deviation Af less than Afsat, with Kbat>new less than Kbat and Keiy>new greater than Keiy. Curves 810 and 820 are linear between 0 and the threshold frequency deviation Afsat. The threshold frequency deviation Afsat is, for example, defined, in discharge, when the state of charge SoC is at the first repulsion level, by:

[0138] [Math.l] sat,dw / ( ( 1 ) 71 poot ^^max

[0139] i.e.:

[0140] [Math.2] satjdw ~ RP^res-SaCE^, ■ # ^poot^ tnpMwiæi

[0141] The Afsat threshold frequency deviation is defined, for example, under load, when the state of The SoC charge is at the second level of repulsion, by:

[0142] [Math.3] sat.up v # (2) Apoof~ t^pAïmax \ /

[0143] i.e.:

[0144] [Math.4] J Sat,up K tr^^Afmax

[0145] The threshold frequency difference Afsat is, for example, variable and depends on the gain Keiy >new applied to the electrolyzer 121. In the example of curves 815 and 825, Afsat = Afmax. In the example of curves 810 and 820, Afsat is less than Afmax. The electrolyzer 121 saturates for a frequency difference less than Afmax.

[0146] When Af = Afsat, we have APeiy = Peiy. According to algorithm 700, the gain Kbat>new is then reduced to the value Kbat and Keiy>new is reduced to the value Keiy accordingly. In the example of curves 810 and 820, for Af between Afsat and Afmax, we have Kbat>new = Kbat, Keiy>new = Keiy, and APbat and APeiy are respectively less than Pbat and Peiy. In particular, APbat increases when the electrolyzer 121 saturates, and APeiy decreases to become less than Peiy and remain in a state that allows it to meet its FCR commitment.

[0147] A curve 860 corresponds to an example of the evolution of the frequency deviation Af as a function of time T. When Af becomes greater than Afsat, the state of charge SoC of the battery 110 becomes, for example, at a reserve level as defined in relation to [Fig. 6],

[0148] The value of Afsat is less than or equal to Afmax. When Keiy>new is greater than Keiy, the value of Afsat is less than Afmax.

[0149] Figures 9A to 9E are graphs corresponding to a simulation of system 100 of [Fig.1] and [Fig.2] according to an embodiment of the present description.

[0150] In the example of Figures 9A to 9E, Afmax=200 mHz, tFCR=15 min, ^=5 min, Ppooi =1000 kW, Peiy=600 kW, Pbat=400 kW, Ebat=500 kWh, SoCmin=20%, SoCmax=80%, SoC_target=65%, db=2%, Kadj=0.7 kW / mHz and the initial state of charge of battery 110 of system 100 is equal to 35%. A charging efficiency of battery 110 is for example 1 and a discharging efficiency of battery 110 is for example 1.

[0151] On [Fig.9A], a curve 905 represents the evolution of the state of charge SoC of the battery 110 over time (“T [s]”) and a curve 910 represents the evolution of the frequency deviation (“Af [mHz]”) over time T.

[0152] Curve 905 corresponds to a use of battery 110 in which the new regulation gain Kbat>new is variable and calculated according to algorithm 700 of [Fig.7].

[0153] The frequency deviation Af takes a value less than 200 mHz at approximately 8000 s and at approximately 12000 s. Otherwise, the frequency deviation Af takes values ​​strictly between -200 mHz and 200 mHz so Af remains less than Afmax over the time interval of [Fig.9A].

[0154] The state of charge SoC is between approximately 0.18 or 18% and 0.63 or 63%. In particular, the state of charge SoC is less than SoCmin between a time t1 and a time t2 with t1 approximately equal to 8000 s and t2 approximately equal to 11000 s.

[0155] On [Fig.9B], curve 905 of [Fig.9A] is shown and a curve 915 represents the evolution of the state of charge SoC of battery 110 over time (“T [s]”) for Kbatjnew constant and equal to Kbat.

[0156] Although the 905 curve takes values ​​lower than SoCmin, it remains at the first reserve level for a shorter duration than the 915 curve. Indeed, the 915 curve has values ​​lower than SoCmin between a time t0 and a time t3 with t0 approximately equal to 2500 s and t3 approximately equal to 16500 s.

[0157] The use of algorithm 700 reduces the time during which battery 110 is at a reserve level, enabling it, for example, to meet a fixed frequency response (FCR) commitment in more extreme situations or to enter into an FCR commitment with a greater constraint on duration, power, or maximum frequency deviation. Consequently, relatively fewer batteries, or batteries with less total capacity, are used for a power supply network. Furthermore, the use of variable load is also relatively better optimized, and there is, for example, relatively less production loss for variable load.

[0158] On [Fig.9C], a curve 920 represents the evolution of Keiy.Up,new, a curve 925 represents the evolution of Keiy dw>new, a curve 930 represents the evolution of Kbatupnew and a curve 935 represents the evolution of Kbat.dw new as a function of time (“T [s]”).

[0159]

[0160]

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[0162]

[0163]

[0164]

[0165]

[0166]

[0167] Between 0 s and 2500 s and between 16500 s and 29000 s, curve 905 is at the first level of attraction therefore KbabUpnew Kbat and Kbatdwnew Kbat-Kadj, Ke^y Upnew KpOOpKbatUpnew Ke|V and Kely. dw, new Kpooi-Kbabdwnew Keiy4“Kadj. Between 2500 s and t1 and between t2 and 16500 s, the 905 curve is at the first level of repulsion, therefore Kbat up>new and Kbat dw>new have variable values ​​less than Kbat, and Keiy.up.new and Keiy.dw,new have variable values ​​less than Keiy. If the 905 curve takes a value less than or equal to SoCmin, Kbat up>new and Kbat dw>new take values ​​equal to Kbat, and Keiy.up.new and Keiy.dw>new take values ​​equal to Keiy. Between t1 and t2, the 905 curve is at the first reserve level, so Kbat.dwnew is equal Kbat and Ee|v.up.new and Keiy.dw>new is therefore equal to Keiy and Kbat .up,new* On [Fig.9D], a curve 940 represents the evolution of the absolute value of the frequency difference (“lAfl [mHz]”) over time T (“T [s]”), a curve 955 represents Afsat (“Af [mHz]”) as a function of time T and a curve 960 represents a difference between Afsat and IAfI over time. Curve 960 takes positive values ​​when IAfl is greater than Afsat and therefore when the electrolyzer is saturated. At approximately 7700 s, 11800 s, 12000 s, and 15000 s, the Af frequency deviation becomes greater than Afsat, curves 955 and 910 overlap, and curve 960 takes on positive values. The gains Keiy >new and Kbat >new become equal to Keiy and Kbat, respectively, and the SoC state of charge of battery 110 then enters the second reserve level. Curve 960 exhibits an activation peak at approximately 7700 s, 11800 s, 12000 s, and 15000 s. Furthermore, the Af frequency deviation is equal to Afmax at approximately 26500 s. Therefore, curve 960 also exhibits an activation peak at approximately 26500 s. On [Fig.9E], curves 962, 964, 966, 968 and 970 respectively represent K eiy.dw.new, Keiy Up new, Kbat dw new, Kbat Upnew and KpOOi as a function of 1 state of charge (“SoC”) of battery 110. When SoC > SoCmax,SoC < SoCmin or (SoC_target-db) < SoC < (SoC_target+db), we have Ke^y Up new Keiy dw new Keiy 3 kW / mHz and Kbat Upnew Kbat dw new Kbat 2 kW / mHz. For SoCmin < SoC < SoCrep.down, curve 962 is decreasing, Keiy.up,new=Keiy=3 kW / mHz, Kbat up>new=Kbat=2 kW / mHz, and curve 966 is increasing. For example, curve 962 is linear and takes values ​​between 5 kW / mHz and 3 kW / mHz, and curve 966 is linear and takes values ​​between 0 kW / mHz and 2 kW / mHz. In other embodiments, curves 962 and 966 exhibit logarithmic, exponential, etc., variations.

[0168]

[0169]

[0170]

[0171]

[0172]

[0173]

[0174]

[0175]

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[0177]

[0178] When SoCrep.dOwn< SoC < (SoC_target-db), we have Kbat.up new=Kbat=2 kW / mHz and Kbat.dw,new Kbat Kadj—1.3 kW / mHz and Keiy Up new—Kely—3 kW^ / mHz, Kely.dw.new KPOO1 Kbat.dw,new =Kely+Kadj=3.7 kW / mHz. When (SoC_target+db) < SoC < SoCrep.up, we have Kbatdw,new=Kbat=2 kW / mHz and Kbat.up^ew Kbat-Kadj=l.3 kW / mHz and Keiy.dw>new=Keiy=3 kW / mHz, Keiy .uP,new K-Pool Kbat.uP,new =Kely+Kadj=3.7 kW / mHz. For SoCrep.up < SoC < SoCmax, curve 964 is increasing, Keiy.dw,new=Keiy=3 kW / mHz, Kbat dw>new=Kbat=2 kW / mHz, and curve 968 is decreasing. For example, the Curve 964 is linear and takes values ​​between 3 kW / mHz and 5 kW / mHz, and curve 968 is linear and takes values ​​between 2 kW / mHz and 0 kW / mHz. According to other embodiments, not shown, curves 964 and 968 exhibit logarithmic, exponential, etc., variations. The 970 curve is constant and equal to 5 kW / mHz, that is, equal to Kpooi. The [Fig. 10] is a diagram illustrating a 1000 power supply system according to an embodiment of the present description. Some elements of [Fig. 10] correspond to elements of [Fig. 1] or [Fig. 2]. These elements are referenced with the same references as in [Fig. 1] and [Fig. 2] and will not be described again in detail. System 1000 is an example of a system comprising battery 110, a second battery 110', and electrolyzer 121. Similarly, system 1000 may include more than two batteries. According to embodiments not shown, system 100 or system 1000 includes several variable loads. The second battery 110' is connected to a conversion circuit 210' configured similarly to the conversion circuit 210 in [Fig. 2]. The conversion circuit 210' is connected to an adjustment circuit 205' configured similarly to the adjustment circuit 205 in [Fig. 2]. The total regulation gain Kpooi is, for example, the sum of the regulation gains of all the assets present in system 1000. Each of the regulation gains of the batteries in system 1000 is, for example, individually modulated, according to algorithm 700 in [Fig. 7], depending on its state of charge. The regulation gain of the variable loads is then adjusted to maintain the total regulation gain Kpooi constant. Thus, in a system comprising a battery and several variable loads, a variation in the regulation gain of a battery is, for example, distributed between several variable loads. The multiplicity of the number of batteries implies a set of gains, which translates into a variable compensating gain from the variable load(s).

[0179] The command and data acquisition system 138 is, for example, configured to receive: - the saturation state of each variable load; and - the new regulation gain of each of the batteries.

[0180] The control and data acquisition system 138 is configured for example to perform the summation of the new regulation gains of each of the batteries.

[0181] The command and data acquisition system 138 is, for example, configured to send: - the saturation state of each load varies for each of the batteries; - the aggregation of the new regulation gains of each of the batteries at each of the variable loads.

[0182] One advantage of having data transmission between assets via the control and data acquisition system 138 is that the assets do not have to communicate with each other.

[0183] The [Fig. 11] is a graph representing powers (“AP”) delivered or received by the system 1000 of the [Fig. 10] as a function of the frequency difference Af according to an embodiment of the present description.

[0184] Certain elements of [Fig.1 1] correspond to elements of [Fig.8]. These elements are referenced with the same references as in [Fig.8] and will not be described again in detail.

[0185] Compared to graph 800 of [Fig. 8], a curve 1140 corresponding to the evolution of the power of battery 110' of system 1000 of [Fig. 10], whose regulation gain is defined by algorithm 700 of [Fig. 7], is shown. A curve 1145 corresponding to the evolution of the power of battery 110' having a constant regulation gain Kbat' is shown.

[0186] Each battery has individual parameters and is regulated individually. In the example of [Fig. 1 1], the engagement power Pbat of battery 110 is less than the engagement power Pbat' of battery 110', and the difference between a new regulation gain Kbat,new' of battery 110' and the regulation gain Kbat' of battery 110' is less than the difference between the new regulation gain Kbat,new of battery 110 and the regulation gain Kbat of battery 110. Indeed, between 0 and Afsat, curve 1140 is closer to curve 1145 than curve 810 is closer to curve 815.

[0187] The electrolyzer 121 compensates for the variation in the regulation gain of battery 110 and the variation in the regulation gain of battery 110' so that the sum of the regulation gains of each of the assets is constant.

[0188] One advantage of the described embodiments is that the system 100 can include one or more batteries and one or more variable loads to adapt to In various situations, the system behaves like a single asset, with, for example, a relatively fast response time thanks to the batteries and a relatively large storage capacity thanks to variable loads. Individualized management of the regulation gains based on the state of charge of each battery allows for better distribution and optimization of the power delivered or received over time. The batteries in such a system can, for example, operate for longer periods and / or have a higher power output thanks to improved management of their state of charge, which allows for better avoidance of reserve levels.

[0189] Another advantage of the described embodiments is that a continuous variation of the regulation gains and the powers delivered or received is possible.

[0190] Various embodiments and variants have been described. Those skilled in the art will understand that certain features of these various embodiments and variants could be combined, and other variants will become apparent to them. In particular, Algorithm 700, described in relation to [Fig. 7], gives examples of formulas for calculating Kbat>new as a function of SoC. Other formulas are possible for modifying the dependence of Kbat>new on SoC. Furthermore, although examples have been described based on a variable load produced by an electrolyzer, those skilled in the art will understand how to adapt these embodiments to other types of variable loads.

[0191] Finally, the practical implementation of the embodiments and variants described is within the reach of a person skilled in the art, based on the functional indications given above.

Claims

Demands

1. A method for regulating, by a control unit (205), the power delivered (Pbat>new) by a battery (110) to an AC power supply network or the power received (Pbat>new) by the battery (110) from the network, the method comprising: - the reception, by the control unit (205), of a measurement of a state of charge (SoC) of the battery (110); - the calculation, by the control unit (205), of a first gain (Kbat>new) as a function of the measurement of the state of charge (SoC) of the battery (110); and - the transmission, by the control unit (205), of the first gain (Kbat>new) to a control circuit (210) of the battery (110), the control circuit (210) of the battery (110) being configured to control the power delivered or received (Pbat>new) by the battery (110) as a function of the first gain (Kbat>new) multiplied by a frequency deviation (Af) of the network.

2. A method according to claim 1, further comprising: - the reception, by a central unit (138), of the first gain (Kbat>new); - the transmission, by the central unit (138), of the first gain (Kbat>new) to a control circuit (220) of a variable load (121), and - the calculation of a second gain (Keiy>new) as a function of the first gain (Kbat>new), by the control circuit (220) of the variable load (121); the control circuit (220) of the variable load (121) being configured to control a power delivered or received (Peiy>new) by the variable load (121) as a function of the second gain (Keiy>new) multiplied by the frequency deviation (Af) of the network.

3. A method according to claim 2, further comprising: - the transmission, by the control unit (205), of a first reference gain (Kbat) to the control circuit (210) of the battery (110); and - the transmission, by the central unit (138), of the first reference gain (Kbat) of the battery (110) and of a second reference gain (Keiy) of the variable load to the control circuit (220) of the variable load (121).

4. A method according to claim 2 or 3, wherein a sum (Kpooi) of the first gain (Kbat>new) and the second gain (Keiy>new) is constant.

5. Control unit (205) for regulating the power delivered (Pbat,new) by a battery (110) to an AC power supply network or the power received (Pbat>new) by the battery (110) from the power supply network, the control unit (205) comprising: - a first input connected to the battery (110) and configured to receive a state of charge (SoC) of the battery (110); - a processor configured to calculate a first gain (Kbat>new) as a function of the state of charge (SoC) of the battery (110); and - a first output configured to transmit the first gain (Kbat,new) to a control circuit (210) of the battery (110), the battery control circuit being configured to control the power delivered or received (Pbat>new) by the battery (110) as a function of the first gain (Kbat>new) multiplied by a frequency deviation (Af) of the network.

6. Control unit according to claim 5, wherein the first gain (Kbat>new) decreases if the state of charge (SoC) of the battery (110) is between a first threshold (SoCmin, SoCmax) and a second threshold (SoCrep.down, SoC_target-db, SoCrep.Up, SoC_target+db).

7. Control unit according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the first output is further configured to transmit the first gain (Kbat>new) to a central unit (138) connected to a variable load (121).

8. Regulation system comprising: - the control unit (205) according to any one of claims 5 to 7; - the control circuit (210) of the battery (110) connected to the control unit (205).

9. A system according to claim 8 in its dependence on claim 7, further comprising: - the central unit (138) configured to receive the first gain (Kbat>new) and transmit the first gain (Kbat>new) to a control circuit (220) of the variable load (121); and - the control circuit (220) of the variable load (121) configured to control a power delivered or received (Peiy>new) by the variable load (121) as a function of a second gain (Keiy>new), calculated from the first gain (Kbat>new), multiplied by the frequency deviation (Af) of the network.

10. System according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the variable load (121) has an energy modulation capacity greater than a rated operating power.

11. System according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the variable load (121) is one of: - an electrolyzer; - an electrical heat production source; - a rotating machine (fan, pump); and - a reversible hydraulic turbine.

12. System according to any one of claims 8 to 11, wherein a sum of a maximum power delivered or received (Pbat) by the battery (110) and a maximum power delivered or received (Peiy) by the variable load (121) is greater than or equal to 1MW.

13. System according to any one of claims 8 to 12, further comprising: - a control circuit (210') of a second battery (110') connected to the control unit (205).

14. System according to any one of claims 8 to 13, further comprising: - a control circuit for a second variable load.

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