A set of cryogenic equipment, such as a set of cryogenic exchangers, optimized for tolerance to thermomechanical contractions.

Abstract

Title: Cryogenic equipment assembly such as a cryogenic exchanger assembly, optimized for thermomechanical contraction tolerance. The invention relates to an assembly (1) of cryogenic equipment (10, 20), said assembly (1) comprising: - a first cryogenic equipment (10) and a second cryogenic equipment (20) whose connection means (10B, 20B) are made of a first material, - a piping routing (30) fluidly connecting the first cryogenic equipment (10) and the second cryogenic equipment (10), - a main support (40) made of a second material having thermomechanical characteristics different from those of the first material, - an intermediate support (50) made of a material having thermomechanical characteristics such as those of the first material, the first cryogenic equipment (10) and the second cryogenic equipment (20) comprising support means (10A, 20A),preferably made of said first material, each support means (10A, 20A) being fixed to the main support (40) and to the intermediate support (50), each support means (10A, 20A) being fixed to said main support (40) with one degree of freedom. Figure for the abbreviation: Figure 2,

Description

Title of the invention: Cryogenic equipment assembly such as a set of cryogenic exchangers, optimized for tolerance of thermomechanical contractions

[0001] The invention relates to the field of cryogenic equipment assemblies such as a set of cryogenic exchangers, or a cold box comprising such a set of cryogenic exchangers.

[0002] A set of cryogenic exchangers, also called a battery of exchangers, consists of several cryogenic exchangers connected to each other by support structures and piping routing intended to facilitate the transfer of cryogenic fluids between the cryogenic exchangers.

[0003] The piping routing follows a specific pattern: Matrix —> Heads —> Mixed Junctions —> Manifold —> Mixed Junctions —> Heads —> Matrix. It should be noted that mixed junctions may not be necessary depending on the type of cryogenic heat exchanger assembly desired. In this configuration, the matrix corresponds to the main body of a cryogenic heat exchanger, through which the fluid(s) to be treated flow. The heads and mixed junctions connect the various parts of the heat exchanger to the piping, while the manifolds manage the distribution and grouping of the fluid flow.

[0004] A set of cryogenic exchangers is commonly assembled using two assembly principles.

[0005] Such an assembly can be placed in a cryogenic cold box in the enclosure of which the assembly is kept cold.

[0006] The term "cold box" is used to describe an enclosure, generally made of carbon steel, that houses cryogenic equipment. The cold box may be rectangular or circular in shape. The cold box provides structural support, insulation containment, and protection for the internal equipment. A cold box can contain any type of cryogenic equipment, such as, but not limited to, brazed aluminum plate heat exchangers, grinding columns, eviction drums, interconnecting piping, valves, and instruments.

[0007] In the first configuration illustrated in [Fig. IA], each cryogenic heat exchanger 100, 200 is secured to two stainless steel support beams 300, 400 by means of support means 100A, 100B, 200B, in this example four angle brackets. One support means 100A immobilizes one of the heat exchangers of the assembly on a beam 300, while the other support means 100B, The 200B beams allow one or two degrees of freedom in the plane of the 300 and 400 beams. This configuration allows for a degree of freedom in the movement of the 100 and 200 heat exchangers during cooling. This tolerance is permitted in the plane of the beams when two degrees of freedom are allowed at the level of the 100B and 200B support elements. This limits the mechanical deformation of the 300 and 400 beams, the 100 and 200 heat exchangers, and the 500 piping routing.

[0008] However, this first configuration has drawbacks. Indeed, the mechanical forces transmitted between the different elements (Matrix → Heads → Mixed Junctions → Manifold) generate significant thermomechanical stresses, requiring additional thicknesses to absorb these stresses. These extra thicknesses increase both direct costs (purchasing, welding, inspection) and indirect costs (transport, handling, structural reinforcement). Furthermore, this increased pipe rigidity contradicts the requirements for flexibility analysis. Significant stresses at the fixed point can also lead to mechanical failures.

[0009] According to a second assembly configuration shown in [Fig. 1B], each cryogenic heat exchanger 100, 200 is secured to two stainless steel support beams 300, 400 by means of support means 100B, 200B (here, four), each support means 100B, 200B immobilizing the heat exchangers 100, 200 to the support beams 300, 400 without any degree of freedom. In order to meet the mechanical deformation tolerances during the cooling of the entire cryogenic heat exchanger assembly 100, 200, the piping routing 500 and the branch connections, such as manifolds, are extended between the heat exchangers 100, 200 to absorb thermal contractions without generating excessive thermomechanical stresses.

[0010] In the second configuration, the disadvantages are mainly related to the overall size. The length and complexity of the piping lines increase considerably, as does the size of the cold box. These characteristics lead to higher manufacturing costs and raise questions of technical feasibility, particularly in terms of space management and installation.

[0011] Thus, each configuration presents specific challenges in terms of mechanical constraints, costs, and feasibility.

[0012] The invention therefore aims to resolve the aforementioned disadvantages by proposing a set of cryogenic equipment that compensates for the thermomechanical stresses to which a set of cryogenic equipment is subjected.

[0013] To this end, according to one aspect of the invention, a set of cryogenic equipment is proposed, such as a set of cryogenic exchangers, said set comprising:

[0014] - at least a first cryogenic device comprising a first means of connection and a second cryogenic device comprising a second means of connection, each means of connection being made of a first material,

[0015] - a piping routing fluidly connecting the first means of connection and the second means of connection,

[0016] - a main support made of a second material having characteristics of thermomechanical expansion or contraction different from those of the first material,

[0017] - an intermediate support made of a material having characteristics of thermomechanical expansion or contraction such as those of the first material,

[0018] the first cryogenic equipment and the second cryogenic equipment comprising support means, preferably made of said first material,

[0019] each support means being fixed to the main support and the intermediate support,

[0020] each support means being fixed to said main support with at least one degree of freedom, preferably two degrees of freedom, so as to allow relative movement between each support means and the main support linked to thermomechanical contractions at the level of the cryogenic equipment and said piping routing during the cooling of the assembly.

[0021] The present invention offers several significant technical advantages. First, the combined use of a primary support made of a material with thermomechanical expansion or contraction characteristics different from those of the cryogenic equipment, and an intermediate support made of a material similar to that of the cryogenic equipment, makes it possible to homogenize the thermomechanical stresses between the two pieces of equipment when the assembly is subjected to thermodynamic stresses, particularly during the cooling of the equipment, and in particular the thermomechanical stresses at the routing joints are balanced. This limits the risk of failure at a routing joint under excessive stress.This configuration also reduces the need for extra thickness in the piping and equipment structures, thereby lowering direct manufacturing costs and the thermomechanical stresses exerted on the entire installation. Secondly, the integration of degrees of freedom in the support means, between the cryogenic equipment and the main support, allows for movement. relative, allowing for effective compensation of deformations induced by thermal contractions. Through this design, the invention limits the risk of mechanical failure and improves the overall durability. Finally, the reduction of stresses and the optimization of materials make it possible to decrease the overall size and improve technical feasibility, particularly in terms of space management and installation. Thus, the invention provides a complete and innovative solution to the problems of thermomechanical tolerance in cryogenic equipment assemblies, particularly during the cooling of such an assembly. The present invention also makes it possible to better distribute sliding forces, accelerations related to earthquakes, as well as the forces exerted on the piping at the installation site. It also makes it possible to reduce the intervention required inside the enclosure during commissioning.

[0022] By a "material exhibiting thermomechanical expansion or contraction characteristics" identical to another material, we will understand at least a coefficient of expansion close (see identical), operating temperatures close particularly between the intermediate support and the collector.

[0023] According to one embodiment, the first material is aluminum and the second material is stainless steel.

[0024] This material combination offers optimal mechanical and thermal properties. Aluminum, being lightweight and highly conductive, reduces the overall weight of the assembly while providing excellent resistance to cryogenic temperatures. Stainless steel, used for the main support, ensures good low-temperature performance, high mechanical strength, and increased corrosion resistance, even in extreme environments. This combination minimizes thermomechanical stresses while improving durability and structural stability. Furthermore, it promotes reduced manufacturing and maintenance costs, thus optimizing the overall performance of the assembly.

[0025] According to one embodiment of the invention, at least one degree of freedom allows longitudinal mobility of the cryogenic equipment along said main support, preferably at least two degrees of freedom allow mobility of the cryogenic equipment in the plane of said main support.

[0026] The preferential addition of at least two degrees of freedom in the plane of the main support provides increased tolerance to multidirectional deformations, limiting the risks of breakage or permanent deformation. This embodiment improves the reliability and durability of the assembly while optimizing the flexibility analysis of the system.

[0027] Advantageously, at least one support means, preferably each support means, is fixed to said intermediate support with at least one degree of freedom, preferably two degrees of freedom.

[0028] This reduces the risks of over-stressing the first material at the level of this mechanical link formed between the exchangers and said supports.

[0029] According to one embodiment of the invention, the degree or degrees of freedom of the main support are formed by a tolerance clearance between an opening in the main support and a fastening means.

[0030] Advantageously, the degree or degrees of freedom of the intermediate support are formed by a tolerance set between an opening of the intermediate support and a fastening means.

[0031] Advantageously, the tolerance clearance is between 0 mm and 100 mm. The tolerance clearance is preferably adapted to the constraints of the installation.

[0032] This configuration limits local deformations on the fixing points, thus improving the durability of the components.

[0033] According to one embodiment of the invention, said fastening means is mounted without any tolerance play with respect to the intermediate support.

[0034] Such an assembly allows relative sliding of the intermediate support with respect to the support means. Thus, a balance of thermomechanical stresses between the two cryogenic exchangers is ensured.

[0035] Preferably, the support means are in contact with the intermediate support. Advantageously, the contact is direct.

[0036] According to one embodiment of the invention, an adjustment wedge is disposed between the main support and the intermediate support.

[0037] This configuration improves installation flexibility and optimizes system performance by ensuring better load distribution.

[0038] According to one embodiment of the invention, an insulating wedge is disposed between the main support and the intermediate support.

[0039] This configuration improves the overall energy efficiency by minimizing heat loss to the main support while still allowing the intermediate support to be cooled. Furthermore, it protects sensitive components from deformation due to temperature variations, thereby enhancing the equipment's durability and reliability.

[0040] According to one embodiment of the invention, the intermediate support is formed of two plates, each plate being connected to the support means of one face of a cryogenic equipment.

[0041] This configuration improves the stability and rigidity of the assembly, while limiting the risks of local deformations or stress concentration points.

[0042] According to another aspect, the invention relates to a cryogenic cold box comprising a set of cryogenic equipment as defined above.

[0043] Other features and advantages of the invention will become apparent during the reading of the detailed description which follows, for the understanding of which reference should be made to the attached drawings.

[0044] Fig. 1A represents a schematic view of a first configuration of a set of cryogenic exchangers known from the prior art.

[0045] Fig. 1B represents a schematic view of a second configuration of a set of cryogenic exchangers known from the prior art.

[0046] Fig. 2 represents a schematic view of a set of cryogenic exchangers according to the invention.

[0047] Fig. 3 represents a perspective view of an assembly configuration of a support means for the assembly illustrated in Fig. 2.

[0048] Fig. 4 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the assembly of the support means illustrated in Fig. 3.

[0049] In [Fig. 2], a set of cryogenic equipment 10, 20 is shown, here forming a set of cryogenic exchangers. This set 1 comprises a first cryogenic exchanger 10 including a first connection means 10B and a second cryogenic exchanger 20 including a second connection means 10B, each connection means being made of a first material, in the present embodiment aluminum. In the illustrated example, the connection means 10B, 20B are manifolds.

[0050] These two cryogenic exchangers are connected via their connection means 10B, 20B by a routing 30 of piping allowing the circulation of a cryogenic fluid through the two cryogenic exchangers 10, 20.

[0051] The heat exchangers 10, 20 are assembled together using a main support 40 to form a set of equipment 1. The main support 40 is made of a second material having thermomechanical expansion or contraction characteristics different from those of the first material. In this embodiment, said second material is stainless steel.

[0052] The routing 30 of piping can advantageously be done in the first material or in the second material.

[0053] As illustrated, each cryogenic exchanger 10, 20 comprises support means 10A, 20A made of the same material as the first material. In this way, the uniformity of the thermomechanical expansions and contractions that the cryogenic exchangers 10, 20 and the support means 10A, 20A will undergo is ensured.

[0054] In addition to the main support 40, an intermediate support 50 is provided to connect the two heat exchangers 10, 20. This intermediate support 50 is advantageously made of a material exhibiting thermomechanical expansion or contraction characteristics similar to those of the first material. Choosing a material with the same characteristics as the first material makes it possible to homogenize the distribution of thermal stresses experienced by assembly 1, particularly during the cooling of assembly 1.

[0055] The intermediate support 50 is formed of two plates 50A, 50B. Each plate 50A, 50B is connected to the support means 10A, 20A of the same face of a cryogenic equipment 10, 20. This ensures a distribution of thermomechanical stresses longitudinally along each plate 50A, 50B during the expansion or contraction of the cryogenic exchangers relative to each other.

[0056] The support means 10A, 20A are intended to be fixed to the main support 40 and the intermediate support 50 according to an assembly configuration allowing a uniform distribution of the thermomechanical stresses suffered by the assembly without imbalance of stresses between the exchangers 10, 20 of the assembly 1. More particularly, the assembly configuration provides that each support means 10A, 20A is fixed to the main support 40 so as to allow at least one degree of freedom and preferably two degrees of freedom.

[0057] As shown in [Fig. 4], according to a first arrangement, one degree of freedom of the main support 40 is formed by a tolerance clearance between an opening 40' of the main support 40 and a fastening means 80A and a tolerance clearance between an opening 50' of the intermediate support 50 and the fastening means 80A. In addition, one degree of freedom of the intermediate support 50 is formed by a tolerance clearance between an opening 10A', 20A' of a support 10A, 20A and said fastening means 80A.

[0058] According to a second arrangement, a fixing means 80B is advantageously mounted without tolerance play relative to the intermediate support 50, and with play between the fixing means 80B and a support means 10A, 20A. The absence of relative slippage of the intermediate support 50 relative to the support means 10A, 20A is ensured. Also, homogeneity of thermomechanical stresses is ensured during the expansion or contraction of the assembly 1 through a chain of elements made of the same material, i.e. the cryogenic exchangers 10, 2, their support means 10A, 20A and the intermediate support 50, each made of the first material or of a material having the same thermomechanical expansion or contraction characteristics.

[0059] As shown in figures 3 and 4, a setting wedge 60 and an insulation wedge 70 can be provided between the main support 50 and the intermediate support 40.

[0060] While the adjustment shim 60 allows for compensating manufacturing tolerances of level at the support points of an exchanger 10, 20, the thermal insulation shim 70 allows for thermally insulating an exchanger at the level of these support points.

[0061] Preferably, the adjustment wedge 60 and the insulation wedge 70 are mounted without play relative to the fixing means 80A.

[0062] Preferably, the main support 40, the thermal insulation wedge 70, the adjustment wedge 60, the intermediate support 50, and a support means 10A, 20A are superimposed in this order.

[0063] It will be understood that each support means 10A, 20A represented in [Fig.3] can comprise a plurality of fixing means 80A, 80B.

[0064] Figures 3 and 4 illustrate a particular configuration of the invention showing the two arrangements of fastening means 80A, 80B applied to the same support means 10A, 20A.

[0065] A first arrangement of fastening means 80A (here two) aims to ensure a fastening with play of the support means 10A, 20A both to the main support 40, and to the intermediate support 50.

[0066] A second arrangement of fastening means 80B (here two) aims to ensure a play-free fastening of the support means 10A, 20A to the intermediate support 50, while allowing a tolerance play between an opening 50' of the intermediate support 50 and the corresponding fastening means 80B.

[0067] In the case of the first arrangement, the fastening means 80A connect the support means 10A, 20A to the intermediate support 50 and to the main support 40.

[0068] Unlike the first arrangement, in the case of the second arrangement, the fastening means 80B are not connected to the main support 40, but only to the intermediate support 50.

[0069] Although the present description refers to specific embodiments, modifications may be made to these examples without departing from the general scope of the invention as defined by the claims. Furthermore, individual features of the various embodiments illustrated or mentioned may be combined in additional embodiments. Therefore, the description and drawings should be considered in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense.

Claims

Demands

1. Assembly (1) of cryogenic equipment (10, 20) such as an assembly of cryogenic exchangers, said assembly (1) comprising: - at least one first cryogenic equipment (10) comprising a first connecting means (10B) and a second cryogenic equipment (20) comprising a second connecting means (20B), each connecting means (10B, 20B) being made of a first material, - a piping routing (30) fluidly connecting the first connecting means (10) and the second connecting means (10), - a primary support (40) of a second material having thermomechanical expansion or contraction characteristics different from those of the first material, - an intermediate support (50) made of a material having thermomechanical expansion or contraction characteristics such as those of the first material,the first cryogenic equipment (10) and the second cryogenic equipment (20) comprising support means (10A, 20A), preferably made of said first material, each support means (10A, 20A) being fixed to the main support (40) and to the intermediate support (50), each support means (10A, 20A) being fixed to said main support (40) with at least one degree of freedom, preferably two degrees of freedom, so as to allow relative movement between each support means (10A, 20A) and the main support (40) linked to thermomechanical contractions at the level of the cryogenic equipment (10, 20) and said piping routing (30) during the cooling of the assembly (1).

2. Set (1) of cryogenic equipment (10, 20) according to the preceding claim, the first material being aluminum and the second material being stainless steel.

3. Assembly (1) of cryogenic equipment (10, 20) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one degree of freedom permits longitudinal mobility of the cryogenic equipment (10, 20) along said main support (40), preferably at least two degrees of freedom permits a mobility of cryogenic equipment (10, 20) in the plane of said main support (40).

4. Assembly (1) of cryogenic equipment (10, 20) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the degree(s) of freedom of the main support (40) are formed by a tolerance clearance between an opening (10A') of the main support (40) and a fastening means (80).

5. Assembly (1) of cryogenic equipment (10, 20) according to the preceding claim, wherein said fastening means (80) is mounted without tolerance play with respect to the intermediate support (50).

6. Assembly (1) of cryogenic equipment (10, 20) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein an adjustment wedge (60) is disposed between the main support (40) and the intermediate support (50).

7. Assembly (1) of cryogenic equipment (10, 20) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein an isolation wedge (70) is disposed between the main support (40) and the intermediate support (50).

8. Assembly (1) of cryogenic equipment (10, 20) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the intermediate support (50) is formed of two plates (50A, 50B), each plate (50A, 50B) being connected to the support means (10A, 20A) of one same face of a cryogenic equipment (10, 20).

9. Cryogenic cold box comprising a set (1) of cryogenic equipment (10, 20) according to any one of the preceding claims.