Security devices

Abstract

A security device has a metallic elongate body with at least one end attachable to a lock unit. The body has at least one track of material of the kind referred to above extending longitudinally on th

Description

This invention relates to security devices and particularly to the use of cut-resistant materials in elongate elements forming essential components in security devices. An object of the invention is to provide an element that is so difficult to be cut as to deter or prevent thieves from breaking a device secured by the element. The invention is particularly directed at security devices in which at least one end of an elongate body is attachable to a lock unit. Examples of known cut-resistant materials are cermet; tungsten carbide; titanium carbide; titanium nitride, and titanium carbon nitride. It is known to use a material such as tungsten carbide to form a wear resistant layer on a surface. Such layers can be formed by flame spraying and / or laser cladding. Typically, tungsten carbide particles are dispersed in a self-fluxing matrix or alloy based on nickel, iron or cobalt in composition with chromium, silicon and boron as discussed in a conference paper entitled "High temperature erosion wear of cermet particles reinforced self-fluxing alloy matrix HVOF sprayed coatings" published in Materials Science in September 2015. Products bearing such layers or coatings are available from various companies such as ASB Industries Inc. of Barburton, Ohio, USA; B&B Precision Engineering of Huddesfield, UK, and Oelikon Metco of Pfafficon, Switzerland. Reference is also directed to US Patent Nos.4136230 and 4561272; and US published Application No 2005 / 0092038; and European Patent publication Nos. 2740553, 2808107 and 3974552, all of which disclose the use of tungsten carbide in an alloy matrix. The present invention resides in the concept of reinforcing an operative component of a locking device with a cut-resistant material. According to the invention a security device according to claim 1 is provided. The security device has a metallic elongate body with at least one end attachable to a lock unit. The body has at least one track of material of the kind referred to above extending longitudinally thereon and metallurgically bonded therewith. The material of the track has particles of a hard cutresistant material dispersed in a self-fluxing matrix of lower melting point than that of the body and comprising one of nickel, iron and cobalt in composition with chromium, silicon and boron. The tracks are normally applied to the elongate body by welding, preferably laser welding or laser cladding, but plasma arc welding or brazing might also be used. The lower melting point prevents melting of the elongate body while enabling the metallurgical bond. Tungsten carbide is the preferred hard cut-resistant material, but other materials might be used, such as silicon carbide, cubic boron nitride, or industrial or synthetic diamond. Preferred matrices used in the track material in devices of the invention are based on nickel or cobalt, ideally with a hardness of around 50-60 HRC (Rockwell C hardness). Particularly preferred matrices are based on nickel with the optional inclusion of iron. In the matrix forming the tracks in elements of the invention the hardness of the cutresistant particles is preferably in the range 2500 to 3000Hv (Vickers Hardness), and that of the matrix 500 to 600Hv. The base material of the elongate body is normally steel, typically a low carbon hardened steel. A preferred material is a low carbon steel case hardened to 58-60 HRC. The matrix with the dispersed particles can be in solid or powder form. In solid form it is delivered as a rod or wire which must be melted in the application of the tracks. This can generate more heat at the area of application resulting in migration of the body material into the tracks. A preferred application process uses a powder form which is delivered and welded directly to the body to form the tracks. Migration of the material of the elongate body into the matrix should be kept to a minimum, preferably to no more than 10% by volume of the track material. The particles in the matrix forming the tracks in elements of the invention are preferably in spherical form and a typical size variation is in the range 50 - 160pm. The particles can also be in cast and crushed form. In this form the dimensions of the particles will typically vary between 50 and 200pm. A mixture of spherical and crushed particle could also be used in some embodiments. The size variation of the particles determines the density of the particles in the matrix, but too small particles can melt or disintegrate when the tracks are applied to the body, and too large particles may not be retained. The particles will normally comprise 40-65% by volume of the track material. In most embodiments of the invention a plurality of separate tracks will extend on the body, normally three or four. However, in a particular embodiment tracks extend contiguously side by side to fully clad the body. In other embodiments tracks can be applied in different directions such that they cross each other on the surface of the elongate body. In some embodiments, after the track or tracks have been applied, it or they can be compressed into the body to re-establish substantially its original cross section. At the end or ends of the body to be received in a locking unit, this compression can be restricted to the respective end section. The track or tracks will normally extend the full length of the elongate body, but can terminate short of one or each end of the body to leave an end section for receipt in an opening of matching cross section in the lock unit. In devices according to the invention tracks of material similar to that of the track or tracks on the elongate body may also be applied to the lock unit. Particularly, where an end of the body is adapted to enter an opening in the unit, a track of the material may be metallurgically bonded to the lock unit around the boundary of the opening. The dimensions of the or each track on the elongate body in elements of the invention will vary depending upon the dimensions of the respective body. However, on a body of circular cross section with a diameter up to 5cms, a typical maximum track thickness will no more than 2mm and preferably no more than 1mm, and a typical width will be in the range 3-10mm. In all embodiments of the invention the finished product may be plated, or coated or encapsulated in a polymeric material, preferably a low pressure plant based polymer, to give corrosion resistance and longevity as well as disguising the location and pattern of the reinforcing tracks. Devices of the invention can be used in a variety of portable security devices such as cycle and motorcycle locks; for example padlocks and D-locks or U-locks of the kind described in European Patent Nos.3193405 and 3584394, and also in door locks, safes, catalytic converter locks given as examples of many other applications. The invention is also directed at a method of reinforcing an elongate metal body of the kind described in claim 22. The invention will now be described by way of example and with reference to the accompanying schematic drawings, wherein: Figure 1 is a perspective view of the locking portion of a device including a security element according to the invention; Figures 2 and 3 illustrate the forms of tungsten carbide dispersed in the matrix in the track 8 of Figure 1; Figure 4 is a perspective view of elongate bodies embodying the invention; Figure 5 shows cross sections of elongate bodies embodying the invention; Figures 6 and 7 show how the present invention can be exploited on products and Figure 8 is a micrograph showing a cross section of a track bonded to a security element in a device of the invention. Figure 1 shows two housing members 2A and 2B secured together by an elongate security element 4. The element 4 consists of a solid metal, typically steel, bar 6 with a track 8 welded thereon. The material of the track comprises a hard cut-resistant material such as tungsten carbide in a low melting point self-fluxing matrix or alloy of the kind referred to above. At one end the element 4 is mounted in a slot 10 on housing member 2A for pivotal movement about an axle 12 fixed in the member 2A. The other end the element is received in a slot 14 where it is held by a locking mechanism (not shown) operated by a removable key 16. With the bar secured in place as shown the bar traverses the recess defined between housing members 2 with little space between the bar and the base of the recess. This space is inaccessible by any conventional cutting mechanism so the underside of the bar 2 as shown is protected by the housing members 2. When the other end of the bar is released by the lock mechanism, it can pivot clockwise as shown to enable the housing members to separate. Of course, the locking mechanism could be operable merely to detach the bar end from the housing member 2B, enabling it to be directly withdrawn from the slot 14, in which case the bar could be fixedly attached to the housing member 2A. The self-fluxing matrix is based on nickel in combination with chromium, silicon and boron. A preferred composition includes 15% chromium; 3% boron; 4.5% silicon; 0.65% carbon, and 3% iron, with the balance being nickel, although some ceramic is normally also included. Figure 2 shows spherical particles of tungsten carbide (WC) dispersed in a nickel based matrix of the kind shown in Figure 1. The dispersal is random, and the smaller particles will tend to occupy spaces between the larger ones. The size of the particles will vary in the range 50-160pm diameter. The matrix is nickel based and contains silicon and boron. Composites of such particles in this matrix are available from Stoody Industrial Welding Supply, Inc. of San Diego California, USA. The content of WC particles in the matrix is around 65% by volume. Figure 3 shows cast and crushed particles of WC in the same nickel based matrix as that of Figure 2. As can be seen, the density of the particles appears greater than that in Figure 2, at around 80% Figure 1 shows an elongate security element of substantially square cross section, but any suitable cross section can be adopted. The single track 8 may be duplicated on or more other sides of a polygonal cross sectioned body, but the invention is normally embodied in elements in the form of a circular cross sectioned elongate body. Examples are illustrated in Figure 4 in which tracks are applied in different patterns to different solid bodies; four with one, four, six or eight linear tracks, and three with four, six or eight spiral tracks. Cross sections of similar bodies are shown in Figure 5. As can be seen it is possible to apply tracks very close together and indeed contiguously or such that they overlap and fully clad the body. As noted above, the track or tracks applied to an elongate body in devices of the invention can be compressed into the body to substantially re-establish the body's original cross section. A benefit of this is that the position of the tracks can be obscured or disguised. Another is that the tracks can extend to one or both ends of the body which can then be received in a locking or other unit designed to receive the original body shape. The present invention can be embodied in well known security devices. One such device is the D-lock or U-lock commonly used for cycles and motorcycles. Figure 6 shows how the "D" or "U" section 20 can be reinforced by the application of tracks 22 welded thereto as described above. On the reinforced body illustrated the tracks may terminate short of the ends of the section enabling the ends to be received in openings in the locking bar 24 of the original product of the same cross section as the unreinforced section. The bar itself may also be reinforced by one or more tracks 26. In a preferred feature which applies to all embodiments of the invention additional tracks 28 can be welded around the points at which the section ends are received in the bar or lock unit. Of course, if the tracks 22 are compressed into the section 20 they can extend to the ends and into the locking bar 24. It will be understood then, that the invention can be exploited retrospectively on existing products. Another known security device that can be strengthened using the present invention is a padlock. As shown in Figure 7 tracks 30 of the matrix with dispersed WC can be welded to the padlock body 32, in addition to the tracks 34 welded to the shackle 36. The micrograph shown in Figure 8 illustrates the bond between a track 38 and an elongate element or body 40 in a device of the invention, with minimal migration of the track material into the material of the body. As can be seen, tungsten carbide particles (shown white) in a variety of sizes are distributed in the self-fluxing matrix or alloy (shown grey) which has displaced some of the material of the body as it has been applied, either by compression or softening of the material during the application process. While the distribution of the particles is random, the concentration is clearly sufficient to ensure resistance to any attempt to cut through it.

Claims

1. A security device in which a metallic elongate body (4,20,36,40) has at least one end attachable to a lock unit (24,32), wherein the body has a square, circular or polygonal original cross-section and at least one track (8,22,34,38) applied to the surface of the body having the original cross-section and extending longitudinally on the body, the material of the track having particles of a hard cut-resistant material dispersed in a self-fluxing matrix of lower melting point than that of the body and comprising one of nickel, iron and cobalt in composition with chromium, silicon and boron, the or each track being metallurgically bonded with the elongate body.

2. A security device according to Claim 1 wherein the material of said at least one track (8,22,34,38) is bonded to the surface of the body (4,20,36,40) by one of laser welding and laser cladding.

3. A security device according to Claim 2 wherein the matrix includes a ceramic material.

4. A security device according to any preceding Claim wherein the material of the cut-resistant particles comprises at least one of tungsten carbide, silicon carbide and an industrial or synthetic diamond.

5. A security device according to any preceding Claim wherein the cut-resistant particles are in spherical form.

6. A security device according to Claim 5 wherein the particle size varies in the range 50 - 160pm.

7. A security device according to any of Claims 1 to 4 wherein the particles are in cast and crushed form.

8. A security device according to Claim 7 wherein the dimensions of the particles vary between 50 and 200pm.

9. A security device according to any preceding Claim wherein the particles comprise 40-65% by volume of the track material.

10. A security device according to any preceding Claim wherein a plurality of tracks (8,22,36,38) are applied to the body (4,20,36,40) to extend contiguously side by side on the body.

11. A security device according to Claim 10 wherein the contiguous tracks fully clad the body.

12. A security device according to any preceding Claim wherein a plurality of said tracks (8,22,36,38) cross each other on the surface of the elongate body (4,20,36,40).

13. A security device according to any preceding Claim wherein said at least one track (8,22,36,38) has a maximum thickness of 2mm14. A security device according to any preceding Claim wherein said at least one track (8,22,36,38) has a width in the range 3-1 Omm.

15. A security device according to any preceding Claim wherein said at least one track (8,22,34,38) is compressed into the elongate body.

16. A security device according to any preceding Claim wherein the elongate body (2,36) has a circular cross section.

17. A security device according to any preceding Claim wherein said at least one end of the elongate body (20,36) is attachable to the lock unit (24) by entering an opening therein, and wherein a track (28) of material having particles of a hard cutresistant material dispersed in a self-fluxing matrix comprising one of nickel, iron and cobalt in composition with chromium, silicon and boron is metallurgically bonded with the lock unit around the boundary of the opening.

18. A security device according to Claim 17 wherein the material of the cutresistant particles in the track (28) around the opening comprises at least one of tungsten carbide, silicon carbide and an industrial or synthetic diamond.

19. A security device according to any preceding Claim wherein the elongate body is encapsulated in a layer of polymeric material.

20. A padlock comprising a security device according to any preceding Claim wherein the elongate body is the padlock shackle (32).

21. A D-lock comprising a security device according to any preceding Claim wherein each end of the elongate body (20) is adapted to engage a locking bar (24).

22. A method of reinforcing a metallic elongate body (4,20,36,40) of a security device, the metallic elongate body (4, 20, 36, 40) having a square, circular or polygonal original cross-section by welding to the surface of the body having the original cross-section at least one of track (8,22,34,38) of a cut-resistant material extending longitudinally on the body, the material of each track having particles of a hard cut-resistant material dispersed in a self-fluxing matrix of lower melting point than that of the body and comprising one of nickel, iron and cobalt in composition with chromium, silicon and boron, the or each track being metallurgically bonded with the elongate body.

23. A method according to Claim 22 wherein the elongate body (4,20,36,40) is part of a pre-existing security device.

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