Aquatic feed and use thereof

Abstract

The present disclosure belongs to the technical field of aquatic feed, and specifically relates to an aquatic feed and use thereof. In the present disclosure, a fermented soybean meal, a peanut meal, a fish meal, a chicken meal, a krill meal, a high-gluten flour, an aquatic multivitamin, a multi-mineral premix, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, choline chloride, a vitamin C ester, a phospholipid oil, a refined fish oil, and a soybean oil are beneficial to an improvement of nutrients in the aquatic feed, making application ingredients of the aquatic feed more comprehensive. Activated carbon is beneficial to adsorbing pollutants to reduce accumulation of the pollutants, thereby controlling organic pollutants. Feeding the aquatic feed to aquatic animals can not only control organic pollutant pollution in the aquatic animals, but also promote growth of the aquatic animals.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present disclosure belongs to the technical field of aquatic feed, and specifically relates to an aquatic feed and use thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] Dioxins, known as the "poison of the century", are easily passed through the biological chain and accumulated in organisms and human bodies, posing a widespread, long-term, hidden, and delayed threat to the health of organisms and humans. Therefore, these compounds have become a common issue of environmental and food safety of international concern.

[0003] Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis), also known as hairy crab, is one of the most valuable supporting industries in aquaculture industry of China. However, due to the crabs being bottom-dwelling aquatic omnivores, filter feeding habits, and small activity range, as well as a high ecological niche in the food chain, they can rapidly accumulate pollutants from the both the aquatic environment and from feeding and pose potential health risks to human.

[0004] Existing farmers mostly reduce the dioxin content in sediment by pond cleaning to control dioxin pollution in Eriocheir sinensis. However, the pond clearing with a lot of manpower and material resources not only increases the cost of breeding, but also fails to fundamentally control dioxin pollution of Eriocheir sinensis. Therefore, it is an urgent problem to be solved in this field to control the dioxin pollution of Eriocheir sinensis in a simple, economical, green, and efficient manner. SUMMARY

[0005] An objective of the present disclosure is to provide an aquatic feed and use thereof. The present disclosure can not only control organic pollutant pollution in Eriocheir sinensis, but also promote the growth of Eriocheir sinensis.

[0006] To achieve the above objective, the present disclosure provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] The present disclosure provides an aquatic feed, including the following components in mass percentage:

[0008] 22% to 28% of a fermented soybean meal, 7% to 12% of a peanut meal, 18% to 25% of a fish meal, 2% to 6% of a chicken meal, 2% to 6% of a krill meal, 22% to 30% of a high-gluten flour, 0.1% to 0.5% of an aquatic multivitamin, 0.1% to 0.5% of a multi-mineral premix, 1% to 3% of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.2% to 0.6% of choline chloride, 0.1% to 0.3% of a vitamin C ester, 1% to 3% of a phospholipid oil, 2% to 4% of a refined fish oil, 2% to 4% of a soybean oil, and 0.5% to 3% of activated carbon.

[0009] Preferably, the aquatic feed includes the following components in mass percentage:

[0010] 26.4% of the fermented soybean meal, 10% of the peanut meal, 20% of the fish meal, 4% of the chicken meal, 2% of the krill meal, 27.5% of the high-gluten flour, 0.3% of the aquatic multivitamin, 0.3% of the multi-mineral premix, 1.5% of the calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.4% of the choline chloride, 0.1% of the vitamin C ester, 2% of the phospholipid oil, 3% of the refined fish oil, 2% of the soybean oil, and 0.5% of the activated carbon; alternatively, [001.1] 26.4% of the fermented soybean meal, 10% of the peanut meal, 20% of the fish meal, 4% of the chicken meal, 2% of the krill meal, 25.5% of the high-gluten flour, 0.3% of the aquatic multivitamin, 0.3% of the multi-mineral premix, 1.5% of the calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.4% of the choline chloride, 04% of the vitamin C ester, 2% of the phospholipid oil, 3% of the refined fish oil, 2% of the soybean oil, and 2.5% of the activated carbon.

[0012] Preferably, the activated carbon includes food-grade activated carbon; and

[0013] the activated carbon has a particle size of 40 mesh to 80 mesh.

[0014] Preferably, the choline chloride includes choline chloride with an active ingredient, of 60%;

[0015] the vitamin C ester includes a vitamin C ester with an active ingredient of 35%; and [001.6] the fish meal includes an imported fish meal.

[0017] The present disclosure further provides use of the aquatic feed in controlling pollution of an organic pollutant, in an aquatic animal and / or improving a growth performance of the aquatic animal.

[0018] Preferably, the organic pollutant includes a dioxin pollutant. [001.9] Preferably, the aquatic animal includes Eriocheir sinensis.

[0020] Preferably, the improving the growth performance of the aquatic animal includes promoting an increase in a muscle index (MSI) of the aquatic animal.

[0021] The present disclosure further provides a method for controlling pollution of an organic pollutant in an aquatic animal and / or improving a growth performance of the aquatic animal, including:

[0022] feeding the aquatic feed to the aquatic animal.

[0023] Preferably, the aquatic animal includes Eriocheir sinensis.

[0924] Beneficial effects:

[0025] The present disclosure provides an aquatic feed, including the following components in. mass percentage: 22% to 28% of a fermented soybean meal, 7% to 12% of a peanut meal, 18% to 25% of a fish meal, 2% to 6% of a chicken meal, 2% to 6% of a krill meal, 22% to 30% of a high-gluten flour, 0.1% to 0.5% of an aquatic multivitamin, 0.1% to 0.5% of a multi-mineral premix, 1% to 3% of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.2% to 0.6% of choline chloride, 0.1% to 0.3% of a. vitamin C ester, 1% to 3% of a phospholipid oil, 2% to 4% of a refined fish oil, 2% to 4% of a soybean oil, and 0.5% to 3% of activated carbon. In the present disclosure, a fermented soybean meal, a peanut meal, a fish meal, a chicken meal, a krill meal, a high-gluten flour, an aquatic multivitamin, a multi-mineral premix, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, choline chloride, a vitamin C ester, a phospholipid oil, a refined fish oil, and a soybean oil are beneficial to an improvement of nutrients in the aquatic feed, making application ingredients of the aquatic feed more comprehensive. Activated carbon is beneficial to adsorbing pollutants to reduce accumulation of the pollutants, thereby controlling organic pollutants.

[0026] Based on the above technical advantages, the present disclosure further provides use of the aquatic feed in controlling pollution of an organic pollutant in an aquatic animal and / or improving a growth performance of the aquatic animal. The aquatic feed can not only control organic pollutant pollution in the aquatic animals, but also promote growth of the aquatic animals.

[0027] The present disclosure further provides a method for controlling pollution of an organic pollutant in an aquatic animal and / or improving a growth performance of the aquatic animal. Experiments have shown that after the aquatic feed prepared above is fed to Eriocheir sinensis, a dioxin concentration in vivo is reduced by 53% to 58% and an MSI is increased by 7.4% to 9,5%. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS [002§] To illustrate the examples of the present disclosure or the technical solutions in the prior art more clearly, the accompanying drawings required in the examples will be briefly introduced below.

[0029] FIG. 1 shows the influences of feeding feeds with different formulas on the accumulation of dioxin pollutants in Eriocheir sinensis in Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Example 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0030] The present disclosure provides an aquatic feed, including the following components in mass percentage: 22% to 28% of a fermented soybean meal, 7% to 12% of a peanut meal, 18% to 25% of a fish meal, 2% to 6% of a chicken meal, 2% to 6% of a krill meal, 22% to 30% of a high-gluten flour, 0.1% to 0.5% of an aquatic multivitamin, 0.1% to 0.5% of a multi-mineral premix, 1% to 3% of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.2% to 0.6% of choline chloride, 0.1% to 0.3% of a vitamin C ester, 1% to 3% of a phospholipid oil, 2% to 4% of a refined fish oil, 2% to 4% of a soybean oil, and 0.5% to 3% of acti vated carbon.

[0031] In the present disclosure, all raw materials and equipment used are commercially available, unless otherwise specified.

[0032] In the present disclosure, the aquatic feed includes 22% to 28%, preferably 26.4% of the fermented soybean meal in mass percentage.

[0033] In the present disclosure, the aquatic feed includes 7% to 12%, preferably 10% of the peanut meal in mass percentage. [(1034] In the present disclosure, the aquatic feed includes 18% to 25%, preferably 20% of the fish meal in mass percentage; and the fish meal preferably includes an imported steamed fish meal.

[0035] In the present disclosure, the aquatic feed includes 2% to 6%, preferably 4% of the chicken meal in mass percentage. [0(136] In the present disclosure, the aquatic feed includes 2% to 6%, preferably 2% of the krill meal in mass percentage; and the krill meal preferably includes an Antarctic krill meal.

[0037] In the present disclosure, the aquatic feed includes 22% to 30%, preferably 27.5% or 25.5% of the high-gluten flour in mass percentage.

[0038] Tn the present disclosure, the aquatic feed includes 0.1% to 0.5%, preferably 0.5% of the aquatic multivitamin in mass percentage; and in a specific example, the aquatic multivitamin is a general aquatic multivitamin.

[0039] In the present disclosure, the aquatic feed includes 0.1% to 0.5%, preferably 0.3% of the multi-mineral premix in mass percentage.

[0040] In the present disclosure, the aquatic feed includes 1% to 3%, preferably 1.5% of the calcium dihydrogen phosphate in mass percentage.

[0041] In the present disclosure, the aquatic feed includes 0.2% to 0.6%, preferably 0 4% of the choline chloride in mass percentage; and the choline chloride includes preferably choline chloride with an active ingredient of 60%.

[0042] In the present disclosure, the aquatic feed includes 0.1% to 0.3%, preferably 0.1% of the vitamin C ester in mass percentage; and the vitamin C ester includes preferably a vitamin C ester with an active ingredient of 35%.

[0043] In the present disclosure, the aquatic feed includes 1% to 3%, preferably 2% of the phospholipid oil in mass percentage.

[0044] In the present disclosure, the aquatic feed includes 2% to 4%, preferably 3% of the refined fish oil in mass percentage.

[0045] In the present disclosure, the aquatic feed includes 2% to 4%, preferably 2% of the soybean oil. in mass percentage.

[0046] In the present disclosure, the aquatic feed includes 0.5% to 3%, preferably 0.5% or 2.5% of the activated carbon in mass percentage; the activated carbon preferably includes food-grade activated carbon, the activated carbon has a particle size of preferably 40 mesh to 80 mesh; and the activated carbon is beneficial to adsorbing pollutants to reduce accumulation of the pollutants, thereby controlling organic pollutants. There is no special requirements for a preparation method of the aquatic feed, as long as the above raw materials are mixed evenly.

[0047] The present disclosure further provides use of the aquatic feed in controlling pollution of an organic pollutant in an aquatic animal and / or improving a growth performance of the aquatic animal. In the present disclosure, the organic pollutant preferably includes a dioxin pollutant; the aquatic animal preferably includes Eriocheir sinensis', the improving the growth performance of the aquatic animal preferably includes promoting an improvement of an MSI of the aquatic animal; preferably, a process of promoting the pollution of the organic pollutant in the aquatic animal includes reducing a concentration of the pollutant in the animal. This aquatic feed can not only control organic pollutant pollution in the aquatic animals, but also promote growth of the aquatic animals.

[0048] The present disclosure further provides a method for controlling pollution of an organic pollutant in an aquatic animal and / or improving a growth performance of the aquatic animal, including: feeding the aquatic feed to the aquatic animal. In the present disclosure, the aquatic animal preferably includes Eriocheir sinensis', there are no special requirements for the feeding method and dosage, and techniques well known in the art can be used. Experiments have shown that after the aquatic feed prepared above is fed toEriocheir sinensis, a dioxin concentration is reduced by 53% to 58% and an MSI is increased by 7.4% to 9.5% in the Eriocheir sinensis.

[0049] In order to further illustrate the present disclosure, the aquatic feed and the use thereof provided by the present disclosure are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, but the accompanying drawings and the examples should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present disclosure.

[0050] Example I

[0051] A method for controlling pollution of an organic pollutant in an aquatic animal and / or improving a growth performance of the aquatic animal included:

[0052] Experimental site: a dioxin-contaminated Eriocheir sinensis breeding base in Shanghai, and the sediment of this breeding base had an organic pollution concentration of 6.6 pg toxic equivalent quantity (TEQ) / g.

[0053] Experimental setting: hairy crabs {Eriocheir sinensis) were cultured in cages, with 60 crabs in each cage (including 30 male crabs and 30 female crabs), where crab specifications were: male crabs weighing 100 g to 125 g, female crab weighing 75 g.

[0054] (1) The aquatic feed included the following components in mass percentage: fermented soybean meal 26.4%, peanut meal 10%, imported fish meal 20%, chicken meal 4%, Antarctic krill meal 2%, high-gluten flour 27.5%, general aquatic multivitamin 0.3%, multi-mineral premix 0.3%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.5%, choline chloride 0.4% (with 60% active ingredient), vitamin C ester 0.1% (with 35% active ingredient), phospholipid oil 2%, refined fish oil 3%, soybean oil 2%, and activated carbon 0.5%; the above raw materials were mixed evenly to obtain the aquatic feed.

[0055] (2) The aquatic feed prepared in step (1) was fed to hairy crabs at a proportion of 0.5% to J.% of the crab weight; specifically : the aquatic feed was fed 1 time a day with routine management being conducted. [(1056] Example 2

[0057] This example differed from Example 1 in that step (1) was: the aquatic feed included the following components in mass percentage: fermented soybean meal 26.4%, peanut meal 10%, imported steamed fish meal 20%, chicken meal 4%, Antarctic krill meal 2%, high-gluten flour 25.5%, general aquatic multivitamin 0.3%, multi-mineral premix 0.3%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.5%, choline chloride 0.4% (with 60% active ingredient), vitamin C ester 0.1% (with 35% active ingredient), phospholipid oil 2%, refined fish oil 3%, soybean oil 2%, and activated carbon 2.5%, the above raw materials were mixed evenly to obtain the aquatic feed.

[0058] Comparative Example 1

[0059] This comparative example differed from Example 1 in that step (1) was: the aquatic feed included the following components in mass percentage: fermented soybean meal 26.4%, peanut meal 10%, imported steamed fish meal 20%, chicken meal 4%, Antarctic krill meal 2%, high-gluten flour 28%, general aquatic multivitamin 0.3%, multi-mineral premix 0.3%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.5%, choline chloride 0.4% (with 60% active ingredient), vitamin C ester 0.1% (with 35% active ingredient), phospholipid oil 2%, refined fish oil 3%, and soybean oil 2%; the above raw materials were mixed evenly to obtain the aquatic feed.

[0060] The concentrations of dioxin accumulated in the hairy crabs in Examples 1, 2 and Comparative Example 1 were measured before feeding (0 days, d), 7 d, 14 d, 21 d, 28 d, and 35 d separately (where a method for determining the dioxin concentration referred to the method specified in the standard US EPA methods 1613B and 1668C). The results were shown in Table 1 and FIG 1 (in FIG. 1, the Control represented the test results of Comparative Example 1, the 0.5 Activated carbon represented the test results of Example 1, and the 2.5 Activated carbon represented the test results of Example 2).

[0061] Table 1 Influences of different treatments on concentration of dioxin accumulated in hairy crabs (unit: pg TEQ / g)

[0062] Treatment Od 7d 14d 21d 28d 35d Example I 1.38 1.34 2.86 2.62 1.49 3.17 Example 2 1.38 2.11 2.60 3.03 2.18 3.56 Comparative Example 1 1.38 1.73 1.74 4.79 3.58 7.54

[0063] As shown in Table 1 and FIG. 1, as the feeding time increased, the concentration of accumulated dioxin in hairy crabs also increased When being fed for 35 d, the total TEQ concentration of accumulated dioxin in hairy crabs using regular feed without activated carbon was 6 as high as 7.54 pg TEQ / g; while the dioxin concentrations in hairy crabs fed 0.5% and 2.5% activated carbon feeds were 3.17 pg TEQ / g and 3.56 pg TEQ / g, respectively.

[0064] After feeding for 35 d, the growth performance indicators of the hairy crabs in Examples 1, 2 and Comparative Example 1 were tested, and the specific results were shown in Table 2. The growth performance indicators were measured with reference to the group standard method T / CMHXXH 001-2019 "Chongming clear water crab” issued by River Crab Association, Chongming District, Shanghai.

[0065] Table 2 Influences of different treatments on growth performances of hairy crabs (m::6, namely 6 crabs for repetition)

[0066] Treatment Condition factor (g / cmQ Hepatosomatic index HSI (%) Gonadosomatic index GSI (%) Muscle index MSI (%) Comparative Example 1 1.07±0.05a 7.12±3.47a 4.12±2.32a 25.26±2.09b Example 1 1.12±0.06a 6.04±1.24a 4.78±3.05a 27 90%.89a Example 2 1.07±0.03a 7.60±0.72a 5.12±2.49a 27.12±2.06ab

[0067] Notes: Duncan's method was used for multiple comparisons, items marked with different lowercase letters indicated significant differences between groups ( / ><0.05), and items marked with the same lowercase letters indicated insignificant differences between groups (p>0.05).

[0068] As shown in Table 2, compared with ordinary feed feeding: there was no significant difference in the condition factor, HSI, and GSI of hairy crabs fed with 0.5% and 2.5% activated carbon feeds and those fed with ordinary feed; and the MSI of hairy crabs fed with 0.5% activated carbon feed was significantly higher than that of hairy crabs fed with ordinary feed. It was seen that the feed added with activated carbon did not affect the growth performances of hairy crabs and promoted the increase of hairy / crab MSI to a certain extent.

[0069] In summary / , it can be seen that the aquatic feed prepared by the present disclosure can not only control the pollution of organic pollutants in E.r iocheir sinensis, but also promote the increase of MSI in Eriocheir sinensis.

[0070] Although the above example has described the present disclosure in detail, it is only a part of, not all of, the examples of the present disclosure. Other examples may also be obtained by persons based on the example without creative efforts, and all of these examples shall fall within the protection scope of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. An aquatic feed, comprising the foilowing components in mass percentage:22% to 28% of a fermented soybean meal, 7% to 12% of a peanut meal, 18% to 25% of a fish meal, 2% to 6% of a chicken meal, 2% to 6% of a krill meal, 22% to 30% of a high-gluten flour, 0.1% to 0.5% of an aquatic multivitamin, 0.1% to 0.5% of a multi-mineral premix, 1% to 3% of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.2% to 0.6% of choline chloride, 0.1% to 0.3% of a vitamin C ester, 1% to 3% of a phospholipid oil, 2% to 4% of a refined fish oil, 2% to 4% of a soybean oil, and 0.5% to 3% of activated carbon.

2. The aquatic feed according to claim 1, comprising the following components in mass percentage:26.4% of the fermented soybean meal, 10% of the peanut meal, 20% of the fish meal, 4% of the chicken meal, 2% of the krill meal, 27.5% of the high-gluten flour, 0.3% of the aquatic multivitamin, 0.3% of the multi-mineral premix, 1.5% of the calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0,4% of the choline chloride, 0.1% of the vitamin C ester, 2% of the phospholipid oil, 3% of the refined fish oil, 2% of the soybean oil, and 0.5% of the activated carbon, alternatively,26.4% of the fermented soybean meal, 10% of the peanut meal, 20% of the fish meal, 4% of the chicken meal, 2% of the krill meal, 25.5% of the high-gluten flour, 0.3% of the aquatic multivitamin, 0.3% of the multi-mineral premix, 1.5% of the calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.4% of the choline chloride, 0.1% of the vitamin C ester, 2% of the phospholipid oil, 3% of the refined fish oil, 2% of the soybean oil, and 2.5% of the activated carbon.

3. The aquatic feed according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the activated carbon comprises food-grade activated carbon; andthe activated carbon has a particle size of 40 mesh to 80 mesh.

4. The aquatic feed according to claim I or 2, wherein the choline chloride comprises choline chloride with an active ingredient of 60%;the vitamin C ester comprises a vitamin C ester with an active ingredient of 35%; andthe fish meal comprises an imported fish meal.

5. Use of the aquatic feed according to any one of claims 1 to 4 in controlling pollution of an organic pollutant in an aquatic animal and / or improving a growth performance of the aquatic animal.

6. The use according to claim 5, wherein the organic pollutant comprises a dioxin pollutant.

7. The use according to claim 5, wherein the aquatic animal comprises Eriocheir sinensis.

8. The use according to claim 5, wherein the improving the growth performance of the aquatic animal comprises promoting an increase in a muscle index (MSI) of the aquatic animal.

9. A method for controlling pollution of an organic pollutant in an aquatic animal and / or improving a growth performance of the aquatic animal, comprising:feeding the aquatic feed according to any one of claims 1 to 4 to the aquatic animal.

10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the aquatic animal comprises Eriocheir sinensis.10

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