Slab replacement method

Abstract

To provide a slab replacement method with which slabs can be replaced efficiently.SOLUTION: A slab replacement method includes an existing slab removal step, a new slab placement preparation step, and a new slab placement step. The existing slab removal step includes removal of slab pieces of existing slabs. The new slab placement preparation step includes preparatory work for arranging new slabs on a bridge girder from which slab pieces have been removed. The new slab placement step includes arranging the new slabs on the bridge girder on which the preparatory work has been performed. In the order of direction to move the work forward, there are in a line a first work area where the existing slab removal step is carried out, a second work area where the new slab placement preparation step is carried out, and a third work area where the new slab placement step is carried out. A first crane device used in the existing slab removal step is located on the existing slabs on the bridge girder. A second crane device used in the new slab placement step is located on the slabs newly placed on the bridge girder.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for replacing a deck that constitutes a structure such as a bridge (removing an existing deck and installing a new deck in its place). [Background technology]

[0002] A bridge is composed of, for example, multiple piers, multiple bridge girders (H-shaped steel) each extending in the bridge axis direction over the multiple piers, and a deck installed over the multiple girders. The deck is made of, for example, reinforced concrete. Such decks may need to be replaced (removal of the existing deck and installation of a new deck) due to reasons such as deterioration of the concrete after many years of use and corrosion of the internal rebar.

[0003] A known example of equipment used to replace deck slabs is the deck slab erection machine described in Patent Document 1. This machine is equipped with a self-propelled, trackless portal structure made up of front and rear portal frames connected in the bridge axis direction, and a lifting device (e.g., a chain block) that is installed on the underside of the ceiling of the portal structure so as to be movable in the front-rear and lateral directions. Here, the new deck slab is made of precast concrete.

[0004] The erection work of a new deck using such an erection machine is as follows: (1) Taking in the new deck at the rear of the erection machine, i.e., lifting the new deck with its long side facing the axis of the bridge by the lifting device located at the rear of the erection machine. (2) Moving the lifting device forward to transport the new deck to its installation position (3) Changing the orientation of the new deck so that its long side faces perpendicular to the bridge axis (rotating it 90 degrees) (4) Then, install it in place. This is the process. In addition, the removal of the existing deck will be done in a roughly reverse process. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0005] [Patent Document 1] Patent No. 3901657 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0006] However, in the deck replacement method using the above-mentioned erection machine, after removing the existing deck and installing the new deck at one construction site, the above-mentioned erection machine moves in the bridge axis direction and removes the existing deck and installs the new deck at the next construction site. Therefore, deck replacement work cannot start at the next construction site until the deck replacement work at one construction site is completed, and as a result, there is a problem that it takes a long time to replace the deck over the entire length of the bridge.

[0007] In view of the above circumstances, the present invention aims to provide a deck replacement method that enables efficient replacement of decks in structures such as bridges. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] Therefore, the deck replacement method according to the present invention is a method for replacing a deck arranged on a bridge girder in a structure having a bridge girder from an existing deck to a new deck. The deck replacement method according to the present invention has an existing deck removal step, a new deck placement preparation step, and a new deck placement step, the existing deck removal step includes removing a deck piece of the existing deck, the new deck placement preparation step includes performing preparatory work for placing a new deck on the bridge girder from which the deck piece has been removed, and the new deck placement step includes placing the new deck on the bridge girder for which the preparatory work has been performed. In the deck replacement method according to the present invention, a plurality of construction areas are set in the axial direction of the structure. In the deck replacement method according to the present invention, in the deck replacement construction progress direction along the axial direction, a first construction area in which the existing deck removal process is performed, a second construction area in which the new deck placement preparation process is performed, and a third construction area in which the new deck placement process is performed are arranged in this order from the front to the rear in the progress direction. In a first aspect of the deck replacement method according to the present invention, a crane device used in the existing deck removal process is located on the existing deck on the bridge girder. In a second aspect of the deck replacement method according to the present invention, a crane device used in the new deck placement process is located on the newly installed deck on the bridge girder. Effect of the Invention

[0009] According to the present invention, construction can be carried out in parallel (i.e. simultaneously) in multiple construction areas where the progress of deck replacement construction is different, so that the deck replacement can be carried out efficiently (in other words, in a short period of time). [Brief description of the drawings]

[0010] [Figure 1] Side view of an example of an existing bridge [Diagram 2] FIG. 1 is a side view showing a construction state of a deck replacement method according to a first embodiment of the present invention; [Diagram 3] A flowchart showing a main routine of the deck replacement method in the first embodiment. [Figure 4] A flowchart showing a subroutine of the deck replacement method in the first embodiment. [Diagram 5] A flowchart showing a method for removing an existing deck in the first embodiment. [Figure 6] A flowchart showing a method for preparing a new deck in the first embodiment. [Figure 7] A flowchart showing a method for arranging a new deck in the first embodiment. [Figure 8A] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a method for cutting an existing deck in the first embodiment. [Figure 8B] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a method for cutting an existing deck in the first embodiment. [Figure 9A] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a method for cutting edges of an existing deck in the first embodiment. [Figure 9B] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a method for cutting edges of an existing deck in the first embodiment. [Figure 10A] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a method for preparing a new deck in the first embodiment. [Figure 10B] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a method for preparing a new deck in the first embodiment. [Figure 10C] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a method for preparing a new deck in the first embodiment. [Figure 11A] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a method for arranging a new deck in the first embodiment. [Figure 11B] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a method for arranging a new deck in the first embodiment. [Figure 12] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a method of installing a stud dowel in the first embodiment. [Figure 13] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the relationship between time and the work process of each construction area in the first embodiment. [Figure 14] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the relationship between time and the work process of each construction area in the first embodiment. [Figure 15] A diagram showing the relationship between time and the work process of each construction area in an example of a conventional deck replacement method. [Figure 16A] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the relationship between time and the work process of each construction area in the second embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 16B] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the relationship between time and the work process of each construction area in the second embodiment. [Figure 17] A flowchart showing a method for arranging a new deck in the third embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 18] A flowchart showing a method for preparing a new deck in the fourth embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 19] A flowchart showing a method for arranging a new deck in the fifth embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 20] A flowchart showing a method for preparing a new deck in a sixth embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0011] Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In addition, the same reference numerals are used to denote the same or corresponding parts throughout the drawings.

[0012] Fig. 1 is a side view of an example of an existing bridge to which the deck replacement method according to the present invention can be applied. Fig. 2 is a side view showing a construction state of the deck replacement method in the first embodiment of the present invention. Note that in this embodiment, the proceeding direction of deck replacement construction on the bridge is defined as the forward direction, and front and rear are defined as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, and the following description will be given. Here, the proceeding direction of deck replacement construction is along the bridge axis direction of the bridge. Also, in this embodiment, the direction perpendicular to the bridge axis of the bridge is defined as the left-right direction (lateral direction) and the following description will be given (see Figs. 10A to 12).

[0013] In this embodiment, a bridge is described as an example of a "structure" (civil engineering structure) of the present invention, but the "structure" of the present invention is not limited to a bridge. Also, the bridge axis direction described above can correspond to the "axial direction of a structure" and the "axial direction of a bridge" of the present invention.

[0014] A bridge 1, which is an example of the "structure" of the present invention, includes a pair of front and rear abutments 2a, 2b, a plurality of piers 3 arranged at intervals between the abutments 2a, 2b, a plurality of bridge girders (H-shaped steel) 4 each extending in the bridge axis direction straddling the abutments 2a, 2b and the plurality of piers 3, and an existing concrete deck 5 arranged straddling the plurality of bridge girders 4. Note that a support not shown is interposed between the abutments 2a, 2b and the plurality of piers 3 and the plurality of bridge girders 4. Here, in the present embodiment, the following description will be given assuming that the existing deck 5 is made of reinforced concrete (RC deck), but the existing deck 5 may be made of prestressed concrete (PC deck). In addition, the bridge girder 4 has a web 4w, an upper flange 4f, and a lower flange (not shown), as shown in Figs. 10A to 10C described later.

[0015] In the present embodiment, the following description will be given assuming that the overall length (bridge length) Lt of the bridge 1 is 300 m, but the overall length Lt of the bridge 1 is not limited to 300 m. Also, in the present embodiment, the following description will be given assuming that the existing deck 5 of the bridge 1 is not divided in the direction perpendicular to the bridge axis, that is, so-called full section deck replacement construction, but the construction form is not limited to this, and for example, so-called half section deck replacement construction may be used, in which the existing deck 5 of the bridge 1 is divided into two in the direction perpendicular to the bridge axis.

[0016] The deck replacement method in this embodiment will be described with reference to Figures 3 and 4 in addition to Figures 1 and 2. Figure 3 is a flowchart showing a main routine of the deck replacement method in this embodiment. Figure 4 is a flowchart showing a subroutine of the deck replacement method in this embodiment.

[0017] The construction of replacing the deck of the bridge 1 (removal of the existing deck 5 and installation of a new deck 7 in its place) generally follows the main routine shown in FIG.

[0018] First, in step S101, the bridge 1 is divided into a plurality of (n in this embodiment) construction areas A1 to A n By dividing the work area into several areas, A1 to A nIn this embodiment, the construction areas A1 to A n The following explanation assumes that the length of each of the bridge axis directions is 6 m. n The length of each of the bridge axis directions is not limited to 6 m. For example, if the total length Lt of bridge 1 is 300 m and the construction areas A1 to A n If the length of each of these in the bridge axis direction is 6m, then n = 300 / 6 = 50.

[0019] Next, in step S102, the construction areas A1 to A n In each of the above, the existing deck 5 is removed and a new deck 7 is installed in place of the existing deck 5. In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. k ~A k-6 In this embodiment, the deck replacement work can be carried out in parallel in the deck replacement construction progress direction. k-4 ) and the work area behind this work area (for example, work area A k-6 ) different work steps can be carried out in parallel.

[0020] Construction area A1~A n Once the existing deck slabs 5 have been removed and new deck slabs 7 have been placed in their place in all of the above steps (i.e., once the placement of the new deck slabs 7 has been completed over the entire length Lt of the bridge 1), the process proceeds to step S103, where the new deck slabs 7 are fixed and integrated with the bridge girders 4, and adjacent new deck slabs 7 in the bridge axis direction are fixed and integrated with each other. In this manner, the deck replacement work for bridge 1 is carried out.

[0021] Regarding step S102 described above, the construction areas A1 to A n Each of the above has multiple work steps, from removal of the existing deck 5 to placement of the new deck 7. These multiple work steps are shown in FIG. As shown in Fig. 4, first, in step S1, as the first stage (first stage), removal work of the existing deck 5 is carried out. Here, step S1 corresponds to the "first work step" of the present invention.

[0022] Next, in step S2, as the middle stage (second stage), preparatory work (preparatory work for placing the new deck 7) is carried out in the construction area from which the existing deck 5 has been removed. Here, step S2 corresponds to the "second work step" of the present invention.

[0023] Next, in step S3, as the latter stage (third stage), the new deck slab 7 is placed in the construction area where the placement preparation work for the new deck slab 7 has been carried out. Here, step S3 corresponds to the "third work step" of the present invention.

[0024] Here, the removal work of the existing deck 5 carried out in step S1 will be described with reference to Fig. 5 and Figs. 8A to 9B in addition to Figs. 1 to 4 described above. Fig. 5 is a flowchart showing a method for removing the existing deck 5 in this embodiment. Fig. 8A and Fig. 8B are diagrams showing a method for cutting the existing deck 5 in this embodiment. Fig. 9A and Fig. 9B are diagrams showing a method for cutting the edge of the existing deck 5 in this embodiment.

[0025] As shown in Fig. 5, first, in step S11, cutting work of the existing deck 5 is performed. In this step S11, as shown in Figs. 8A and 8B, a cutting line 5b is set at a location a predetermined length La forward from the rear end of the existing deck 5, and the existing deck 5 is cut along this cutting line 5b using a concrete cutting device such as a concrete cutter or wire saw to form a deck piece 5a. In this embodiment, the aforementioned predetermined length La is set to 2 m, but the aforementioned predetermined length La is not limited to 2 m.

[0026] Next, in step S12, the edge cutting work of the deck piece 5a of the existing deck 5 is performed. In this step S12, first, as shown in Fig. 9A, a plurality of jacks 50a, 50b in a contracted state are installed in front and behind the deck piece 5a. Here, the jacks 50a, 50b are freely expandable in the vertical direction, and are, for example, hydraulic jacks.

[0027] The lower end of the front jack 50a abuts against the upper surface of the existing deck 5. The lower end of the rear jack 50b abuts against the upper surface 4a of the bridge girder 4 (more specifically, the upper surface 4a of the upper flange 4f of the bridge girder 4 shown in Figures 10A to 10C).

[0028] 9A, a beam member 51 is disposed so as to straddle the jacks 50a, 50b. The beam member 51 is fixed to the upper ends of the jacks 50a, 50b. The beam member 51 has a bracket (not shown), and a PC steel rod 52 extending in the vertical direction is disposed so as to penetrate the bracket and the deck slab piece 5a. The PC steel rod 52 is disposed so as to avoid the bridge girder 4. Fixing members 53a, 53b are attached to the upper and lower ends of the PC steel rod 52, respectively, for fixing the beam member 51 (the bracket described above) and the deck slab piece 5a to the PC steel rod 52.

[0029] Next, as shown in Fig. 9B, the jacks 50a, 50b are extended, thereby pulling up the deck piece 5a via the beam member 51 (the bracket described above) and the PC steel rod 52. When the deck piece 5a is thus separated (cut off) from the bridge girder 4, the jacks 50a, 50b are shortened, and the PC steel rod 52, the beam member 51, and the jacks 50a, 50b are removed.

[0030] Next, in step S13 of Fig. 5, the deck piece 5a cut off from the bridge girder 4 is lifted by the crane device 20 shown in Fig. 2, the deck piece 5a is turned so that the long side of the deck piece 5a faces the bridge axis direction (i.e., rotated 90°), and the deck piece 5a is placed on the platform of a transport vehicle (not shown) by the crane device 20. The transport vehicle carries the deck piece 5a to the construction area A1-A. n The transport vehicle can be transported forward in the direction in which the deck replacement work progresses.

[0031] The crane apparatus 20 includes a pair of left and right lower frames 21 extending in the front-rear direction, a portal frame 22 whose lower ends are connected to the pair of left and right lower frames 21, an upper frame 23 provided on the upper part of the portal frame 22, and a lifting apparatus 24 that is movable back-and-forth and left-right relative to the upper frame 23. The pair of left and right lower frames 21 are provided with wheels that can roll on the existing deck 5. The platform of the transport vehicle described above can be placed inside the portal frame 22 and between the pair of left and right lower frames 21.

[0032] In this embodiment, for each treatment area (i.e., treatment areas A1 to A n By carrying out the above-mentioned steps S11 to S13 three times for each of the above construction areas, the removal work of the existing deck 5 is completed for 6 m, which is the length in the bridge axis direction of one construction area. As described above, in step S1 of FIG. 4, the removal work of the existing deck slab 5 is carried out.

[0033] Next, the preparation work for placement of the new deck slab 7 carried out in step S2 of FIG. 4 will be described with reference to FIG. 6 and FIGS. 10A to 10C in addition to the above-mentioned FIGS. Fig. 6 is a flowchart showing a method for preparing the placement of the new deck slab 7 in this embodiment. Fig. 10A to Fig. 10C are diagrams showing a method for preparing the placement of the new deck slab 7 in this embodiment. Here, Fig. 10A to Fig. 10C correspond to cross section II in Fig. 11A described later.

[0034] As shown in Fig. 6, first, in step S21, a scraping operation is performed on the upper surface 4a of the bridge girder 4 (more specifically, the upper surface 4a of the upper flange 4f of the bridge girder 4 shown in Fig. 10A) that is exposed to the outside after the existing deck 5 (deck slab piece 5a) is removed. Here, the scraping operation may include removing concrete pieces remaining on the upper surface 4a of the bridge girder 4.

[0035] Next, in step S22, flange seals 60 made of, for example, rubber are installed on both the left and right sides of the upper flange 4f of the bridge girder 4 on which the scraping work has been performed (see FIG. 10B). The flange seals 60 are plate-shaped extending in the bridge axis direction. The flange seals 60 are intended to prevent mortar poured into the space 9 (see FIG. 11B) between the new deck 7 and the bridge girder 4 from leaking out of the space 9 when the new deck 7 and the bridge girder 4 are fixed and integrated in the above-mentioned step S103.

[0036] Next, in step S23, a plurality of height adjustment members 70 for adjusting the placement height of the new deck 7 are installed on the upper surface 4a of the upper flange 4f of the bridge girder 4 (see FIG. 10C). It is preferable that the height adjustment members 70 are vertically extendable and retractable. The height adjustment members 70 may be, for example, manual jacks that are vertically extendable and retractable. Alternatively, the height adjustment members 70 may be made of members (spacers) that have rigidity that cannot be deformed after their own height has been determined. The multiple height adjustment members 70 are arranged in the bridge axis direction at intervals from each other in the bridge axis direction.

[0037] Incidentally, regarding the height adjustment material 70, the height of the height adjustment material 70 itself may be adjusted prior to placing the new deck 7 on the bridge girder 4 so that when the new deck 7 is placed on the bridge girder 4 in step S3 described above and step S31 described below, the planned placement height of the new deck 7 will be achieved. The height adjustment of the height adjustment material 70 itself may be performed before placing it on the upper surface 4a of the upper flange 4f of the bridge girder 4 in step S23, or may be performed after placing it on the upper surface 4a of the upper flange 4f of the bridge girder 4.

[0038] In this embodiment, the height adjustment material 70 is installed after the flange seal 60 is installed, but the height adjustment material 70 may be installed prior to the installation of the flange seal 60. In other words, steps S22 and S23 may be interchanged. As described above, in step S2 of FIG. 4, the preparation work for placement of the new deck slab 7 is carried out.

[0039] Next, the arrangement work of the new deck slab 7 carried out in step S3 of FIG. 4 will be described with reference to FIGS. 7, 11A, 11B, and 12 in addition to the above-mentioned FIGS. Fig. 7 is a flow chart showing a method for arranging the new deck 7 in this embodiment. Fig. 11A and Fig. 11B are diagrams showing a method for arranging the new deck 7 in this embodiment. Here, Fig. 11B corresponds to cross section II in Fig. 11A. Fig. 12 is a diagram showing a method for installing the stud dowel 80.

[0040] 7, first, in step S31, the new deck 7 is placed on a plurality of height adjustment members 70 installed on the upper surface 4a of the upper flange 4f of the bridge girder 4 (see FIGS. 11A and 11B). As a result, a space 9 surrounded by the upper surface 4a of the upper flange 4f of the bridge girder 4, the lower surface 7b of the new deck 7, and the flange seal 60 is formed.

[0041] The new deck 7 is made of precast concrete (i.e., a PCa deck). The new deck 7 is substantially rectangular, with the short side in the bridge axis direction and the long side perpendicular to the bridge axis. In this embodiment, the length of the new deck 7 in the bridge axis direction is 2 m, but the length of the new deck 7 in the bridge axis direction is not limited to 2 m. A plurality of through holes 7a are formed in the new deck 7 so as to face the upper surface 4a of the upper flange 4f of the bridge girder 4.

[0042] A crane apparatus 30 shown in Fig. 2 is used for the arrangement work (placing work) of the new deck 7 in step S31. The crane apparatus 30 is configured to include a pair of left and right lower frames 31 extending in the front-rear direction, a portal frame 32 whose lower end is connected to the pair of left and right lower frames 31, an upper frame 33 provided on the upper part of the portal frame 32, and a lifting device 34 that can move back and forth and left and right relative to the upper frame 33. The pair of left and right lower frames 31 are provided with wheels that can roll on the new deck slab 7 placed on the bridge girder 4. A transport cart 40 can travel inside the portal frame 32 and between the pair of left and right lower frames 31.

[0043] The new deck 7 to be hoisted by the crane device 30 is transported by the transport vehicle 40 from the ground adjacent to the abutment 2b (see FIG. 1) to the crane device 30. The traveling stability of the transport vehicle 40 may be improved by placing a plate-like member such as an iron plate on the bridge girder 4 to cover the gaps between adjacent new decks 7 from above. The transport vehicle 40 may be self-propelled. The transport vehicle 40 is preferably configured to include wheels using rubber tires.

[0044] On the ground adjacent to the abutment 2b, the new deck 7 to be transported by the transport cart 40 to the crane device 30 is unloaded from a transport vehicle (not shown) onto the transport cart 40, which is lighter than the transport vehicle. For this unloading operation, a crane device having a configuration similar to the crane devices 20 and 30 described above may be used. Therefore, in this embodiment, the new deck 7 is placed in the construction area A1-A from the rear in the direction of progress of the deck replacement construction. n Delivered to.

[0045] In this embodiment, after the new deck slab 7 is lifted from the transport cart 40 by the crane equipment 30, the orientation of the new deck slab 7 is changed by the crane equipment 30 so that the long side of the new deck slab 7 is facing perpendicular to the bridge axis (i.e., rotated by 90 degrees).

[0046] In this embodiment, for each treatment area (i.e., treatment areas A1 to A n By carrying out the above-mentioned step S31 three times for each of the above-mentioned sections, the placement work of the new deck slabs 7 is carried out for 6 m (i.e., three pieces), which is the length of one construction area in the bridge axis direction.

[0047] Next, in step S32 of Fig. 7, multiple stud dowels 80 are welded and fixed to the upper surface 4a of the upper flange 4f of the bridge girder 4 so as to be positioned within the through holes 7a of the new deck 7, as shown in Fig. 12. If the transport vehicle 40 passes during the installation work of the stud dowels 80 in step S32, the installation work of the stud dowels 80 is interrupted when the transport vehicle 40 passes. In this manner, the placement work of the new deck slab 7 is carried out in step S3 of FIG.

[0048] In the construction state at a certain time shown in Figure 2, construction area A k+1 The crane device 20 is located in the construction area A. k+1 Construction area A located behind k In the construction area A, the work shown in step S1 (steps S11 to S13) is carried out. k Construction area A located behind k-1 In the construction area A, the work shown in step S21 is carried out. k-1 Construction area A located behind k-2 In the construction area A, the work shown in step S22 is carried out. k-2 Construction area A located behind k-3 In the construction area A, the work shown in step S23 is carried out. k-3 Construction area A located behind k-4 In the construction area A, the work shown in step S31 is carried out. k-4 Construction area A located behind k-5 The crane device 30 is located in the construction area A. k-5 Construction area A located behind k-6 2, the work shown in the above-mentioned step S32 is being carried out. Note that the symbol "α" shown in Fig. 2 indicates that the work is paused midway through the above-mentioned steps S1 to S3 (steps S11 to S32).

[0049] In this embodiment, the work area where the work of step S1 is performed (for example, the work area A shown in FIG. 2) k ) to the construction area where the work in step S32 is being performed (for example, the construction area A shown in FIG. 2). k-6 ) is provided. Therefore, the scraping work in step S21 and the welding work in step S32 are performed inside the temporary tent 10. Note that the construction area covered by the temporary tent 10 is not limited to that shown in FIG.

[0050] In this manner, in this embodiment, different work processes can be carried out in parallel (i.e. simultaneously) in the construction area in front and the construction area behind this construction area in the progressing direction of the deck replacement construction. In the present embodiment, in the direction of progression of the deck replacement construction, the more the construction area moves from the front side to the rear side (for example, the construction area A shown in FIG. 2 ), the k From construction area A k-6 ), a plurality of steps (steps S1 to S32) can be performed in parallel (ie, simultaneously) so that the steps are later in the process (ie, closer to step S32).

[0051] In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, the crane apparatus 20 is located in front of the crane apparatus 30 in the direction in which the deck slab replacement construction proceeds.

[0052] In this embodiment, the temporary tent 10 and the crane devices 20 and 30 advance in accordance with the progress of the deck replacement construction. Therefore, the deck replacement system capable of carrying out multiple work steps (steps S1 to S32) in parallel (i.e. simultaneously) also advances. Here, this deck replacement system includes the temporary tent 10 and the crane devices 20 and 30.

[0053] Fig. 13 is a diagram showing the relationship between times t=t1 to t10 and the work process of each of the construction areas A1 to A9 in this embodiment. Fig. 14 is a diagram showing the relationship between times t=t1 to t15 and the work process of each of the construction areas A1 to A8 in this embodiment.

[0054] Incidentally, the symbol "α" shown in FIGS. 13 and 14 indicates that the work is stopped midway through the above-mentioned steps S1 to S3 (steps S11 to S32), similar to the above-mentioned FIG.

[0055] The time between times t1 and t2, the time between times t2 and t3, . . ., the time between times t13 and t14, and the time between times t14 and t15 are all the same time (1.2 hours in this embodiment, but not limited to this). n For each of the above steps, the operation process times of steps S1, S21, S22, S23, S31, and S32 are the same. When setting the operation process times, it may be considered which of steps S1, S21, S22, S23, S31, and S32 is on the critical path.

[0056] As shown in Figs. 13 and 14, in this embodiment, deck replacement (removal of the existing deck 5 and placement of the new deck 7 in its place) in the construction areas A1 to A6 is completed between times t1 and t13.

[0057] In this regard, Fig. 15 shows the relationship between times t1 to t13 and the work processes in each of the construction areas A1 and A2 in an example of a conventional deck replacement method. Fig. 15 shows that it takes the work time from times t1 to t13 to remove the existing deck 5 in construction area A1 and place a new deck 7 in its place, and then remove the existing deck 5 in construction area A2 and place a new deck 7 in its place.

[0058] Therefore, as is clear from the illustrations in Figs. 13 to 15, when the deck slab replacement method of this embodiment is used, the deck slab replacement construction can be carried out much more quickly compared to the conventional deck slab replacement method.

[0059] In step S103 in Fig. 3 described above, mortar is injected and poured into space 9 (see Fig. 11B) from through holes 7a of new deck 7 arranged on bridge girder 4, and this mortar and stud dowels 80 (see Fig. 12) fix and integrate the new deck slab 7 and bridge girder 4. Also, in step S103 in Fig. 3 described above, reinforced concrete work is carried out in the gap filling portion (not shown) between adjacent new deck slabs 7 in the bridge axis direction, so that these new deck slabs 7 are fixed and integrated.

[0060] According to this embodiment, the deck replacement method is to divide the structure (bridge 1) into a plurality of construction areas A1 to A2 in the axial direction of the structure (bridge 1). n By dividing the work area into several areas, A1 to A n This includes setting the construction area A1 to A n Each of the above has a plurality of work processes (steps S1 to S3 (S11 to S32)) from removal of the existing deck 5 to placement of the new deck 7. In the deck replacement construction progress direction along the axial direction (bridge axis direction) of the structure (bridge 1), different work processes are carried out in parallel in a construction area in front of the deck replacement construction progress direction and a construction area behind this construction area in the deck replacement construction progress direction (see Fig. 2, Fig. 13, and Fig. 14). This allows construction to be carried out in parallel (i.e. simultaneously) in a plurality of construction areas with different progress statuses of the deck replacement construction, so that replacement from the existing deck 5 to the new deck slab 7 can be carried out efficiently (in other words, in a short period of time) (see Figs. 13 to 15).

[0061] According to the present embodiment, the work process is carried out in a later stage from the construction area on the front side in the direction of progress of the deck replacement construction to the construction area on the rear side in the direction of progress of the deck replacement construction (for example, as shown in FIG. 2, in the construction area A k From construction area A k-6 In this way, the more the work progresses, the closer it is to step S32), multiple work steps are carried out in parallel (see Figs. 2, 13, and 14). This allows each work step to be continued and advanced along the direction in which the deck replacement construction progresses, thereby reducing downtime (waiting time for work) in each work step and enabling the deck replacement construction to be carried out efficiently.

[0062] According to this embodiment, the removed existing deck 5 (deck piece 5a) is placed in the construction area A1 to A n The new deck 7 is carried forward in the direction of the deck replacement construction, and the new deck 7 is placed in the construction area A1-A n This makes it possible to prevent confusion between the work of carrying out the existing deck 5 (the deck piece 5a) and the work of carrying in the new deck 7.

[0063] According to this embodiment, each of the processing areas A1 to A n Each of the multiple work steps includes a first work step (step S1) of removing the existing deck 5 from the construction area, a second work step (step S2) of carrying out preparatory work for placing a new deck 7 in the construction area from which the existing deck 5 was removed, and a third work step (step S3) of placing the new deck 7 in the construction area where the preparatory work has been carried out. Therefore, by carrying out various preparations for the placement of the new deck 7 prior to placing the new deck 7, the placement of the new deck 7 can be carried out smoothly.

[0064] Furthermore, according to this embodiment, the second work process (step S2) includes providing height adjustment members 70 on the upper surface 4a of the bridge girder 4 of the bridge 1 (step S23) to adjust the placement height of the new deck slab 7 to be placed in the construction area in the third work process (step S3). This allows the new deck slab 7 to be easily placed in the construction area at the planned placement height in step S31 (step S3).

[0065] Furthermore, according to this embodiment, the second work step (step S2) includes carrying out scraping work on the upper surface 4a of the bridge girder 4 of the bridge 1 (step S21). This scraping work is carried out inside the temporary tent 10. Therefore, since the temporary tent 10 can function as a rain shelter, the scraping work can be carried out even in rainy weather. In addition, since dust generated during the scraping work can remain inside the temporary tent 10, scattering of the dust to the outside can be suppressed.

[0066] According to this embodiment, the construction areas A1 to A n Among the multiple work steps each of the above has, in a work step including welding (for example, step S32), the welding work is performed inside the temporary tent 10. Therefore, since the temporary tent 10 can function as a rain shelter, the welding work can be performed even in rainy weather.

[0067] According to this embodiment, the new deck 7 is made of precast concrete. This simplifies the installation work of the new deck 7 at the deck replacement construction site.

[0068] Furthermore, according to this embodiment, after the placement of the new deck 7 over the entire length of the bridge 1 is completed, the new deck 7 and the bridge girders 4 of the bridge 1 are fixed and integrated, and adjacent new deck slabs 7 in the axial direction of the bridge 1 (bridge axis direction) are fixed and integrated (step S103). This allows the integration of the new deck slab 7 and the bridge girders 4, and the integration of adjacent new deck slabs 7, to be performed all at once over the entire length of the bridge 1, so that these integration operations can be performed efficiently in a short period of time.

[0069] In this embodiment, after the placement of the new deck 7 has been completed over the entire length of the bridge 1, the new deck 7 and the bridge girders 4 are fixed and integrated, and adjacent new deck slabs 7 in the bridge axis direction are fixed and integrated. Alternatively, after the placement of the new deck slab 7 has been completed over a specified section that is shorter than the entire length of the bridge 1 and includes multiple construction areas, the new deck slab 7 and the bridge girders 4 may be fixed and integrated together in this specified section, and adjacent new deck slabs 7 in the bridge axis direction may be fixed and integrated.

[0070] 16A and 16B show times t1 to t19 and construction areas A1 to A2 in the second embodiment of the present invention. 20 FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the relationship between each of the above work processes. The points that differ from the first embodiment will be described.

[0071] In this embodiment, compared to the first embodiment described above, the treatment areas A1 to A n In this embodiment, the length in the bridge axis direction of each of the construction areas A1 to A n The length of each of the bridge axis directions is set to 2m, but the construction areas A1 to A n The length of each of the bridge axis directions is not limited to 2 m. For example, if the total length Lt of bridge 1 is 300 m and the construction areas A1 to A nIf the length of each of these in the bridge axis direction is 2m, then n = 300 / 2 = 150.

[0072] In addition, in this embodiment, the time between times t1 and t2, the time between times t2 and t3, ..., the time between times t17 and t18, and the time between times t18 and t19 are each the same time (0.4 hours in this embodiment, but not limited to this).

[0073] In this embodiment, one treatment area (i.e., treatment areas A1 to A n For each of the above, the work process time for step S1 is 0.4 hours, the work process time for step S21 is 0.8 hours (0.4 hours x 2), the work process time for steps S22 and S23 is 1.2 hours (0.4 hours x 3), the work process time for step S31 is 0.4 hours, and the work process time for step S32 is 0.4 hours.

[0074] In this embodiment, as shown in Figures 16A and 16B, it is possible to optimize the time allocation of each work process and the work range of each work process according to the characteristics of each work process. For example, by pausing the scraping work of step S21 at times t6 to t7 and t9 to t10 in Figure 16A and times t12 to t13, t15 to t16, and t18 to t19 in Figure 16B, it is possible to prevent chronic generation of dust inside the temporary tent 10.

[0075] FIG. 17 is a flowchart showing a method for placing the new deck slab 7 in the third embodiment of the present invention. The points that differ from the first embodiment will be described.

[0076] In this embodiment, step S33 is added after step S32 instead of step S103. That is, in this embodiment, for each processing area (i.e., processing areas A1 to A nIn each of the above steps, the stud dowels 80 are installed in step S32, followed by step S33 where the new deck slabs 7 and the bridge girders 4 are fixed together and integrated, and adjacent new deck slabs 7 in the bridge axis direction are fixed together and integrated. These integration steps are similar to those in the first embodiment described above, and therefore will not be described here.

[0077] In the second embodiment described above, it goes without saying that step S33 may be added after step S32 as a replacement for step S103, similarly to this embodiment.

[0078] FIG. 18 is a flowchart showing a method for preparing the placement of a new deck slab 7 in the fourth embodiment of the present invention. The points that differ from the first embodiment will be described.

[0079] In this embodiment, after performing scraping work on the upper surface 4a of the upper flange 4f of the bridge girder 4 in the above-mentioned step S21, the process proceeds to step S24, where a survey is carried out on the shape of the upper surface 4a of the upper flange 4f of the bridge girder 4. After this survey is completed, the process proceeds to step S22, where flange seals 60 are installed on both the left and right sides of the upper flange 4f of the bridge girder 4. That is, in this embodiment, step S24 is added between step S21 and step S22.

[0080] Incidentally, in the second and third embodiments described above, it goes without saying that step S24 may be added between step S21 and step S22, similarly to this embodiment.

[0081] FIG. 19 is a flowchart showing a method for arranging the new deck slab 7 in the fifth embodiment of the present invention. The points that differ from the first embodiment will be described.

[0082] In this embodiment, after placing the new deck 7 on the multiple height adjustment materials 70 installed on the upper surface 4a of the upper flange 4f of the bridge girder 4 in the above-mentioned step S31, the process proceeds to step S34, where the height of the new deck 7 is adjusted. After this height adjustment is completed, the process proceeds to step S32, where multiple stud dowels 80 are welded and fixed to the upper surface 4a of the upper flange 4f of the bridge girder 4 so as to be positioned within the through holes 7a of the new deck 7. That is, in this embodiment, step S34 is added between step S31 and step S32.

[0083] Incidentally, in the second to fourth embodiments described above, it goes without saying that step S34 may be added between step S31 and step S32, similarly to this embodiment.

[0084] FIG. 20 is a flowchart showing a method for preparing the placement of the new deck slab 7 in the sixth embodiment of the present invention. The points that differ from the first embodiment will be described.

[0085] In this embodiment, multiple inserts are embedded in the new deck 7. Each insert has a female thread that penetrates the new deck 7 from top to bottom. A male thread of a bolt with a head on the upper side is screwed into this female thread. The lower end of the male thread of the bolt protrudes downward from the lower surface 7b of the new deck 7 and can abut against the upper surface 4a of the upper flange 4f of the bridge girder 4. By changing the degree to which the male thread of the bolt is screwed into the female thread, the protrusion amount of the lower end of the male thread of the bolt protruding downward from the lower surface 7b of the new deck 7 can be changed. Therefore, these inserts and bolts (hereinafter referred to as "insert bolts") can function as height adjustment materials for adjusting the placement height of the new deck 7.

[0086] In this embodiment, a plurality of height adjustment members (for example, the aforementioned insert bolts) for adjusting the placement height of the new deck 7 are provided on the new deck 7 prior to the aforementioned step S31. Therefore, the aforementioned height adjustment members 70 are not required, and therefore, in this embodiment, the aforementioned step S23 can be omitted as shown in FIG.

[0087] In the second to fifth embodiments, similar to this embodiment, if a plurality of height adjustment members (e.g., the aforementioned insert bolts) for adjusting the arrangement height of the new deck 7 are provided on the new deck 7 prior to the aforementioned step S31, the aforementioned height adjustment members 70 become unnecessary, and it goes without saying that step S23 can be omitted. In particular, in the fifth embodiment, similar to this embodiment, if a plurality of height adjustment members (e.g., the aforementioned insert bolts) for adjusting the arrangement height of the new deck 7 are provided on the new deck 7 prior to the aforementioned step S31 and step S23 is omitted, these height adjustment members (e.g., the aforementioned insert bolts) can be used in adjusting the height of the new deck 7 in step S34.

[0088] In the first embodiment described above, work teams including workers and equipment are individually organized (i.e., divided into different tasks) to correspond to each of the multiple work processes (steps S1, S21-S23, S31, S32), and these work teams are lined up in a row in the bridge axis direction according to the order of the work processes (steps S1, S21-S23, S31, S32) (i.e., a sort of production line for deck replacement is formed by these work teams). Then, the deck replacement construction progresses as these work teams perform their respective tasks in parallel and repeat forward movement. Therefore, the deck replacement construction progresses through a flow work involving forward movement by these work teams. This point is the same not only in the first embodiment but also in the second to sixth embodiments. Here, by utilizing ICT (information and communication technology) including AI (artificial intelligence) technology for the work by each work team and the cooperation between the work teams, it is possible to realize the automation of part or all of the deck replacement construction, which can lead to a significant improvement in productivity. Therefore, the deck replacement method of the present invention can be one of the basic technologies that will improve productivity in infrastructure maintenance and renewal by promoting i-Construction (registered trademark) through the use of ICT and other technologies, and will also contribute to increasing the number of young people entering the construction industry by creating an attractive work environment, and has great industrial applicability.

[0089] In the first to sixth embodiments described above, for example, the treatment areas A1 to A n If work is running behind schedule in any of the above areas, the composition (structure) of the work team may be changed according to the progress of the construction, such as by increasing the number of workers in the construction area where work is running behind schedule (i.e., the composition (structure) of the work team may be made flexible).

[0090] In the first to sixth embodiments described above, an example was shown in which the length in the bridge axis direction of the construction area where the existing deck slab 5 removal work (above-mentioned step S1) is performed remains constant (6 m in the first and third to sixth embodiments, and 2 m in the second embodiment), but in addition to this, the length in the bridge axis direction of the construction area where the existing deck slab 5 removal work (above-mentioned step S1) is performed may change depending on the time. In other words, the length in the bridge axis direction of the construction area where the existing deck slab 5 removal work (above-mentioned step S1) is performed may be made flexible. When the length in the bridge axis direction of the construction area where the existing deck slab 5 removal work (above-mentioned step S1) is performed changes depending on the time, the subsequent work can be appropriately adjusted to follow it.

[0091] In the first to sixth embodiments described above, the treatment areas A1 to A n The length of each of the construction areas A1 to A2 in the bridge axis direction is constant (6 m in the first and third to sixth embodiments, and 2 m in the second embodiment). n The lengths of the respective bridges in the bridge axis direction may be different from each other.

[0092] In the first embodiment described above, the construction areas A1 to A n In each of the above, a work down period (period corresponding to the symbol "α" in FIG. 2) is provided between the above-mentioned steps S31 and S32, but this work down period is not limited to between the above-mentioned steps S31 and S32. In addition to this, or instead of this, a work down period may be provided arbitrarily in at least one of the above-mentioned steps S1 and S21, between steps S21 and S22, between steps S22 and S23, and between steps S23 and S31. This point is not limited to the first embodiment, but is similar to the second to sixth embodiments. Here, the work down period can function as an adjustment allowance for the work time of each work.

[0093] In the first to sixth embodiments described above, the treatment areas A1 to A n The order of work processes in each of the above is the same, but in addition, the construction areas A1 to A nThe order of some of the work steps may be different from the order of the work steps described in the first to sixth embodiments.

[0094] In the above-described first to sixth embodiments, the existing deck 5 may be made of precast concrete (PCa deck). The existing deck 5 may be made of cast-in-place concrete. The existing deck 5 may be a steel deck, a composite deck, or the like.

[0095] In the first to sixth embodiments described above, the new deck 7 may be a deck made of half precast concrete, in which precast concrete is used for a part of the deck. The new deck 7 may be made of prestressed concrete (PC deck). The new deck 7 may be a steel deck, a composite deck, or the like.

[0096] In the above-mentioned first to sixth embodiments, a bridge has been described as an example of the "structure" of the present invention, but the "structure" of the present invention is not limited to a bridge. For example, the "structure" of the present invention may be a tunnel having a deck.

[0097] It goes without saying that the illustrated embodiments are merely illustrative of the present invention, and that the present invention encompasses various modifications and variations that may be made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the claims, in addition to those directly shown in the described embodiments. In addition, the claims at the time of filing of Patent Application No. 2017-202222 were as follows: [Claim 1] A method for replacing a deck in a structure, comprising: Setting a plurality of construction areas by dividing the structure into a plurality of construction areas in an axial direction of the structure, Each construction area has multiple work processes, from removing the existing deck to placing the new deck. A deck replacement method in which, in a deck replacement construction progress direction along the axial direction of the structure, different work processes are carried out in parallel in a construction area in front of the construction direction and a construction area behind the construction area in the progress direction. [Claim 2] 2. The deck replacement method according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of work stages are carried out in parallel such that the work stages progress from the construction area at the front of the traveling direction to the construction area at the rear of the traveling direction. [Claim 3] The removed existing deck is carried out from the construction area forward in the direction of travel, 3. The deck replacement method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a new deck is transported into the construction area from the rear in the traveling direction. [Claim 4] Each construction area has multiple stages of work processes, A first work process for removing the existing deck in the construction area; A second work process in which preparatory work is carried out for placing a new deck in the construction area from which the existing deck has been removed; A third work step of placing a new deck in the construction area where the preparatory work has been carried out; The deck slab replacement method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising: [Claim 5] The structure is a bridge, The deck replacement method according to claim 4, wherein the second work process includes providing a height adjustment material on an upper surface of the bridge girder of the bridge to adjust the placement height of the new deck to be placed in the construction area in the third work process. [Claim 6] The structure is a bridge, 6. The deck replacement method according to claim 4 or claim 5, wherein the second work step includes carrying out scraping work on an upper surface of the bridge girder of the bridge. [Claim 7] The deck slab replacement method according to claim 6, wherein the scraping work is carried out inside a temporary tent. [Claim 8] 8. The deck slab replacement method according to claim 1, wherein, in a work process including welding work among a plurality of work processes each of which has a plurality of work processes, the welding work is carried out inside a temporary tent. [Claim 9] The structure is a bridge, A deck replacement method as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein after the placement of the new deck has been completed over the entire length of the bridge, the new deck and the bridge girder of the bridge are fixed and integrated, and adjacent new decks in the axial direction of the bridge are fixed and integrated. [Claim 10] 10. The deck slab replacement method according to claim 1, wherein the new deck slab is made of precast concrete. [Explanation of symbols]

[0098] 1 Bridges 2a, 2b Abutments 3. Pier 4 Bridge girders 4a Top side 4f Upper flange 4w Web 5 Existing deck 5a Floor slab piece 5b cutting line 7 New deck 7a Through hole 7b Bottom side 9 space 10 Temporary Tents 20,30 Crane equipment 21,31 Lower frame 22,32 Gate frame 23,33 Upper frame 24,34 Lifting equipment 40 Transport Trolley 50a,50b Jack 51 Beam member 52 PC steel bar 53a, 53b Fixing member 60 Flange seal 70 Height adjustment material 80 Stud dowel A1~A k ~A n Construction area

Claims

1. A method for installing a new deck in a structure having a bridge girder, Placing the new deck on the bridge girder, Fixing the newly constructed deck slab and the bridge girder together; Including, Placing the new deck on the bridge girder means placing the new deck on a height adjustment material installed on the bridge girder, Fixing and integrating the new deck and the bridge girder includes pouring mortar into a space between the bridge girder and the new deck, How to install a new deck.

2. A method for installing a new deck in a structure having a bridge girder, Placing the new deck on the bridge girder, Fixing the newly constructed deck slab and the bridge girder together; Including, Fixing and integrating the new deck slab and the bridge girder includes pouring mortar into a space between the bridge girder and the new deck slab, The new deck includes a height adjustment material that adjusts the placement height of the new deck, After the new deck is placed on the bridge girder, the placement height of the new deck is adjusted using the height adjustment material before the new deck and the bridge girder are fixed and integrated. How to install a new deck.

3. A method for installing a new deck in a structure having a bridge girder, Placing the new deck on the bridge girder, Fixing the newly constructed deck slab and the bridge girder together; Including, Fixing and integrating the new deck slab and the bridge girder includes pouring mortar into a space between the bridge girder and the new deck slab, The bridge girder has an upper flange, and flange seals are installed on both the left and right sides of the upper flange, and the space is a space surrounded by the upper surface of the upper flange, the underside of the new deck slab, and the flange seal. How to install a new deck.

4. A method for installing a new deck in a structure having a bridge girder, Placing the new deck on the bridge girder, Fixing the newly constructed deck slab and the bridge girder together; Including, Fixing and integrating the new deck slab and the bridge girder includes pouring mortar into a space between the bridge girder and the new deck slab, A through hole is formed in the new deck, The bridge girder has an upper flange, and a stud dowel is welded and fixed to an upper surface of the upper flange so as to be positioned within the through hole, By pouring the mortar into the space, the new deck and the bridge girder are fixed and integrated by the mortar and the stud dowels. How to install a new deck.

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