Electronic apparatus

Abstract

To provide a highly convenient electronic apparatus etc., to reduce the power consumption of the electronic apparatus etc., to provide an electronic apparatus etc., high in visibility against any external light, and to provide an electronic apparatus etc., capable of displaying both a smooth moving image and an eye-friendly still image.SOLUTION: An electronic apparatus has a first display part, a second display part, and a control part. The control part functions to simultaneously display two or more of a first image, a second image and a third image at the first display part and second display part individually. The first image is an image displayed with reflected light, the second image is an image displayed with emitted light, and the third image is an image display with light as a combination of the reflected light and emitted light.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] One aspect of the present invention relates to an electronic device. One aspect of the present invention relates to an image display method and an image display method. TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a display system.

[0002] Note that one embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the above technical fields. The technical field of one embodiment of the present invention is a semiconductor device, a display device, a light-emitting device, a power storage device, a storage device, and a , electronic device, lighting device, input device, input / output device, driving method thereof, or manufacturing method thereof The law can be cited as one example. [Background technology]

[0003] In recent years, electronic devices equipped with display devices have become increasingly diverse. Examples of electronic devices include smartphones, tablet computers, and wearable devices.

[0004] One such electronic device is an e-book reader. Unlike the last class, it is an electronic device that is specialized for displaying text information. While mobile terminals are equipped with LCD panels that can display smooth moving images, Some registered terminals are equipped with electronic paper that can display still images using low power.

[0005] For example, Patent Document 1 discloses an active layer using a transistor as a pixel switching element. A flexible matrix type electronic paper and a binder type electronic book using the same have been proposed. There are. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0006] [Patent Document 1] JP 2002-169190 A Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0007] An object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a highly convenient electronic device or the like. One of the objectives is to reduce the power consumption of electronic devices and the like. One of the objectives is to provide an electronic device or the like that realizes recognizability. To provide an electronic device capable of displaying both still images and images that are easy on the eyes. Another object of the present invention is to provide a novel electronic device or the like. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] One aspect of the present invention is an electronic device having a first display unit, a second display unit, and a control unit. The control unit controls the first display unit and the second display unit to display the first image and the second image, respectively. The first image has a function of simultaneously displaying two or more of the first image and the third image. the first image is an image displayed by incident light, the second image is an image displayed by emitted light, and the third image is an image displayed by The image is displayed using a mixture of reflected light and emitted light.

[0009] Another embodiment of the present invention is a display device including a first housing having a first display unit and a second housing having a second display unit. The electronic device has a second housing for supporting the first and second components, and a control unit. A folded form in which the first display unit and the second display unit are folded so as to overlap each other, and a folded form in which the first display unit and the second display unit are folded so as to overlap each other, and an open form in which the first display unit and the second display unit are exposed. The first display unit and the second display unit individually display a first image, a second image, and a third image. The first image is displayed by reflected light. the first image is an image displayed by emitting light, and the third image is an image displayed by reflecting light. The image is displayed using a mixture of light and fluorescent light.

[0010] In the above, it is preferable that the first housing and the second housing are detachably connected. It is.

[0011] In the above, the second display unit has a function as a touch sensor, and the control unit has a function as a first The document information is displayed on the first display section, and the user input is detected on the second display section via the touch sensor. It is preferable that the input information be displayed when issued.

[0012] In the above, the second display unit has a function as a touch sensor, and the control unit when no user input is detected, displaying the second image or the third image on the second display unit; When a user input is detected, the first image is displayed at the detection position of the second display unit. preferable.

[0013] In the above, the second display unit has a function as a touch sensor, and the control unit When no user input is detected, the second display unit displays a plurality of object information on the second image. or a third image, and when a user input is detected, the object located at the detected position is displayed. It is preferred to display the object information as the first image.

[0014] In the above, the user's gaze is directed to the first display unit or the second display unit. a viewpoint detection unit that detects a first area in which the viewpoint is being observed and outputs position information of the first area to a control unit; In addition, at this time, the control unit may determine whether the first region is located on the basis of the position information. A second image or a third image is displayed, and the first image is displayed in a second area other than the first area. It is preferable to show

[0015] In the above, an imaging unit having a function of capturing an image and outputting captured first image information. It is preferable that the control unit has a function of combining the first image information and the virtual object information. In this case, the control unit preferably has a function of generating second image information obtained by the first Based on the image information of the second image, virtual object information is displayed on the first display unit or the second display unit. Display one area as the second or third image, and display the other areas as the first image. It is preferable.

[0016] In another aspect of the present invention, the display device is configured to display information on two display sections by reflected light. The first image is displayed by the light emitted from the screen, and the second image is displayed by the light emitted from the screen. and simultaneously displaying two or more of the third images displayed by the second image display method. be.

[0017] In another aspect of the present invention, a computer is provided that displays images on two display units individually. A first image displayed by reflected light, a second image displayed by emitted light, and a combination of reflected light and emitted light. and a control unit for simultaneously displaying two or more of the third images displayed by a mixed light of the first and second images. It is a program that enables the system to function in a certain way.

[0018] Moreover, one aspect of the present invention is a display device having a first display device, a second display device, and a control device. The first display device and the second display device are a display system that displays an image by reflected light. The control device includes a first display element and a second display element that displays by emitting light. is provided to the first display device and the second display device individually, by only the first display element. A first image to be displayed, a second image to be displayed only by the second display element, and Two or more of the third images displayed by both the first display element and the second display element are displayed simultaneously. It has the function of Effect of the Invention

[0019] According to one aspect of the present invention, it is possible to provide a highly convenient electronic device or the like. It is possible to reduce the power consumption of the electronic device. Or, you can provide both smooth video display and still image display that is easy on the eyes. It is possible to provide an electronic device etc. that can perform the above-mentioned functions. Alternatively, it is possible to provide a novel electronic device etc. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0020] [Figure 1] Example of electronic device configuration. [Diagram 2] Example of electronic device configuration. [Diagram 3] Example of electronic device configuration. [Figure 4] Example of electronic device configuration. [Diagram 5] 5A to 5C are diagrams for explaining examples of image display methods. [Figure 6] 5A to 5C are diagrams for explaining examples of image display methods. [Figure 7] 5A to 5C are diagrams for explaining examples of image display methods. [Figure 8] 5A to 5C are diagrams for explaining examples of image display methods. [Figure 9] Example of electronic device configuration. [Figure 10] 5A to 5C are diagrams for explaining examples of image display methods. [Figure 11] FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a display system. [Figure 12] FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an idling stop drive. [Figure 13] FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining a specific example of display. [Figure 14] FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining a specific example of display. [Figure 15] 1A and 1B are a diagram illustrating a circuit of a display device and a top view of a pixel. [Figure 16] FIG. 2 illustrates a circuit of a display device. [Figure 17] 1A and 1B are a diagram illustrating a circuit of a display device and a top view of a pixel. [Figure 18] FIG. 1 illustrates a structure of a display device. [Figure 19] FIG. 1 illustrates a structure of a display device. [Figure 20] FIG. 1 illustrates a structure of a display device. [Figure 21] FIG. 1 illustrates a structure of a display device. [Figure 22] 1A to 1C are diagrams illustrating a configuration of an input / output panel according to an embodiment. [Diagram 23] 1A to 1C are diagrams illustrating a configuration of an input / output panel according to an embodiment. [Figure 24] 1 shows an example of a display module configuration. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0021] The embodiment will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the following description. The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and various changes and modifications may be made in the form and details without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It will be easily understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention can be realized by the following embodiments. The present disclosure should not be construed as being limited to the contents of the preceding paragraph.

[0022] In the configuration of the invention described below, the same parts or parts having similar functions are The same reference numerals are used in common between different drawings, and the repeated explanations are omitted. When referring to a function, the hatch pattern may be the same and no particular symbol may be used.

[0023] In each figure described in this specification, the size, layer thickness, or area of ​​each component is indicated by the following formula: The figures may be exaggerated for clarity and are not necessarily limited to scale. stomach.

[0024] In this specification, ordinal numbers such as "first" and "second" are used to avoid confusion of components. The numbers are added for the purpose of convenience and are not intended to be limiting.

[0025] (Embodiment 1) The electronic device according to one embodiment of the present invention illustrated below has two display units and a display unit for displaying the two display units. and a control unit that controls the display of the image.

[0026] The invention disclosed below also includes an image display method, a method for controlling the display of an image by a computer, The display device includes a program for displaying an image, and a control device for controlling the display device. Display systems, etc. are included.

[0027] The electronic device of one embodiment of the present invention includes a first housing having a first display unit, a second housing having a second display unit, and a The control unit is provided in the first housing or the second housing. The control unit may be provided outside the first housing or the second housing.

[0028] It is preferable that the first housing and the second housing are connected in a deformable manner. The housing is folded so that the first display unit and the second display unit face each other and overlap each other. and a state in which the display device is opened so that the first display unit and the second display unit are exposed. It is preferable that the first display unit and the second display unit are connected to the back of the display unit. The two housings are connected so that they can be transformed into a folded shape, with the two housings positioned so that the two housings meet at the center. It is more preferable that

[0029] With this configuration, the portable device can be easily carried when the first and second housings are folded. When open, the two display sections provide a wide display area, making it easy to view at a glance.

[0030] A display device (including a display panel and a display module) constituting the first display unit and the second display unit It is preferable that at least one of the above-mentioned components has a function as a touch sensor. This allows intuitive user input using touch operations or a stylus. .

[0031] The first display section and the second display section are displays in which a reflective element and a light-emitting element are mixed. It is preferable to use a device that displays an image using only reflective elements. Displaying an image using only a reflective element and a light-emitting element, It is more preferable to apply a display device capable of doing so.

[0032] This allows the display to consume less power when the outside light is bright, thanks to the reflective element. On the other hand, when the outside light is dark, the light emitting element can provide a vivid display. By simultaneously displaying using the reflective element and the light-emitting element, power consumption is reduced, and It is possible to provide a vivid display.

[0033] At this time, two or more of the above types of images are displayed in the display area of ​​the first display unit or the second display unit. It is preferable that the first display unit or the second display unit is configured to display images simultaneously. Within the display area of ​​the display unit, a first image is displayed using only reflective elements, and a second image is displayed using only light-emitting elements. a second image displayed by the reflective element and a third image displayed by both the reflective element and the light-emitting element; It is preferable that the display device be capable of simultaneously displaying two or more of the above images.

[0034] As a result, for example, a picture is displayed on the display area of ​​the first display unit or the second display unit by the control unit. When displaying an image, it is desirable to emphasize background information and other areas that are not desired to be emphasized, or to emphasize areas that the user is focusing on. The first image is displayed using only reflective elements in areas that are not visible to the user, such as areas that are not visible to the user. By doing so, it is possible to reduce power consumption. A second image or a third image is displayed using a light-emitting element in the area where the user is gazing. This makes it possible to further increase the contrast of the relevant portion and improve visibility. do.

[0035] That is, one embodiment of the present invention is a display using only reflected light, a display using only emitted light, or or a display using both reflected light and emitted light in a display area of ​​the first display unit or the second display unit. It can be used in different ways within the company.

[0036] [Configuration example] Hereinafter, a more specific example of an electronic device according to one embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. do.

[0037] 1A shows a perspective view of an electronic device 10. The electronic device 10 includes a housing 111 and a housing 11 The housing 111 has a display unit 121, and the housing 112 has a hinge 113. Has 22.

[0038] The housing 111 and the housing 112 are connected by a hinge 113. 12 can rotate relatively via a hinge 113.

[0039] As will be described later, it is preferable that the housing 111 and the housing 112 are detachable. .

[0040] FIG. 1A shows a state in which the display unit 121 and the display unit 122 are open and exposed. FIG. 1B shows a case in which the display unit 121 and the display unit 122 face each other and overlap each other. FIG. 1C shows a state in which the display unit 111 and the housing 112 are folded. The housing 111 and the housing 112 are folded so that the display unit 21 and the display unit 122 are back-to-back. The electronic device 10 is folded from the state shown in FIG. The shape can be reversibly transformed into the shape shown in FIG. 1(C) via the shape shown in FIG.

[0041] The display unit 121 and the display unit 122 each have a reflective display element and a light-emitting element. A display device (or a display panel, a display module) having such a display device can be applied.

[0042] [Block diagram 1] FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of the electronic device 10. The electronic device 10 includes a control unit 11, a driving unit 13, and a The control unit 11 includes a calculation unit 12. do.

[0043] The display unit 121 and the display unit 122 each have a plurality of pixel units arranged in a matrix. The pixel unit 20 includes a first pixel 21 and a second pixel 22.

[0044] In FIG. 2, the first pixel 21 and the second pixel 22 are red (R), green (G), 1 shows an example in which the display device has display elements corresponding to three colors including blue (B).

[0045] The first pixel 21 has a display element 21R corresponding to red (R) and a display element 21R corresponding to green (G). Display elements 21R, 21G, and display element 21B corresponding to blue (B) are provided. 21B are display elements that utilize reflection of external light.

[0046] The second pixel 22 has a display element 22R corresponding to red (R) and a display element 22R corresponding to green (G). The display elements 22R, 22G, and the display element 22B corresponding to blue (B) are provided. Each of 22B is a display element that utilizes light from a light source.

[0047] The driving unit 13 and the driving unit 14 drive a plurality of images in the display unit 121 or the display unit 122, respectively. The pixel unit 20 includes a first driving circuit. A signal including a grayscale value, a scanning signal, a power supply potential, etc. are supplied to the pixel 21 and the second pixel 22. The driving unit 13 and the driving unit 14 each have, for example, a signal line driving circuit and a scanning line driving circuit. .

[0048] A video signal S0 including image information is input from the outside to the control unit 11. The control unit 11 Four items including grayscale values ​​to be supplied to each pixel unit 20 in the display unit 121 or the display unit 122. (signal S1, signal S2, signal S3, and signal S4), and the driving unit 13 and the driving The control unit 11 outputs the signals S1, S2, S3, and S4 to the control unit 14. In addition, a timing signal such as a clock signal and a start pulse signal is generated to drive the driving unit 13 and The signal is output to the drive unit 14.

[0049] The signal S1 and the signal S3 are respectively applied to the first pixel 21 of the pixel unit 20. Here, the signal S1 and the signal S3 are signals including adjustment values. The data includes information on three gray scale values ​​to be given to the display elements 21R, 21G, and 21B. nothing.

[0050] Also, the signal S2 and the signal S4 are respectively applied to the second pixel 22 of the pixel unit 20. Here, the signal S2 and the signal S4 are signals including the grayscale values ​​of one pixel unit. For each of the display elements 22R, 22G, and 22B, three pieces of gray-scale value information are given. Includes information.

[0051] Each of the signals S1, S2, S3, and S4 is transmitted through one signal line. It may be a serial signal, or a parallel signal transmitted over multiple signal lines. stomach.

[0052] As shown in FIG. 2, the control unit 11 outputs signals to the display unit 121 and the display unit 122 individually. Therefore, the display unit 121 and the display unit 122 can be individually For example, an image can be displayed on one of the display units 121 and 122, The other can also be stopped.

[0053] In addition, the control unit 11 controls the first pixel 21 and the second pixel 22 in the pixel unit 20 individually. The signals S1 and S2 or the signals S3 and S4 are input to the display unit 121 and The display unit 121 and the display unit 122 can be supplied with the following: A portion displayed using only the first pixel 21, a portion displayed using only the second pixel 22, A portion where display is performed using both the first pixel 21 and the second pixel 22, and a portion where display is not performed The display unit 121 and the display unit 122 can display a mixture of two or more of the above items. can.

[0054] Here, the calculation unit 12 is, for example, a GPU (Graphics Processing Unit). In addition, microprocessors such as FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) and FPA PL such as A (Field Programmable Analog Array) The configuration realized by D (Programmable Logic Device) is This is also fine.

[0055] At this time, the video signal S0 is input to a central processing unit (CPU) provided separately from the electronic device 10. The signal is generated by the central processing unit (Central Processing Unit) and sent to the control unit 11. Alternatively, the calculation unit 12 may function as a CPU and receive the video signal. The device may have a function for generating a signal S0.

[0056] In addition, the video signal S0 input from the outside is not gamma-corrected or otherwise corrected in advance. Alternatively, the calculation unit 12 may have a function of performing the correction. The calculation unit 12 calculates the signals S1, S2, and S3 based on the signal obtained by correcting the video signal S0. The generated signals S1, S2, S3, and S4 may be generated. Corrections may be made to each of the signals S4.

[0057] The calculation unit 12 interprets and executes instructions from various programs using a processor. It performs various data processing and program control. Programs that can be executed by the processor are The program may be stored in a memory area of ​​the processor, or may be stored in a separate memory. It may be possible.

[0058] The calculation unit 12 may have a main memory. The main memory may be a RAM (Random Access Memory). volatile memory such as ROM (Read Only Memory) and The configuration may include a non-volatile memory such as a .times. ...

[0059] As an example of RAM, DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory) emory) is used, and a memory space is virtually allocated as a working space of the calculation unit 12. The operating system, application, etc. stored in an external storage device are used. Application programs, program modules, program data, etc. are used for execution. These data and programs are loaded into RAM. The modules are directly accessed and operated by the computing unit 12 .

[0060] The control unit 11 is mounted on a circuit board such as a printed circuit board, and the driving unit 13 and the driving unit 14 are mounted on the The display unit 121 and the display unit 122 may be provided on the substrate on which the display unit 121 and the display unit 122 are formed. At this time, the circuit board and the driving unit 13 or the driving unit 14 are connected by a flexible printed circuit (FPC). It is sufficient to connect via a USB Printed Circuit or the like. The driving unit 13 and the driving unit 14 are respectively formed on a substrate on which the display unit 121 and the display unit 122 are formed. The display unit 121 or the display unit 122 is formed on the board in the same process as the transistors that constitute the display unit 121 or the display unit 122. Alternatively, the driving unit 13 and the driving unit 14 may be partly or entirely integrated into an IC (Integrated Circuit). Alternatively, the control unit 1 may be mounted on the board as a fused circuit. 1 and one or more ICs functioning as the driving unit 13 or the driving unit 14 are mounted on the substrate. Alternatively, the control unit 11 and the driving unit 13 or the driving unit 14 may be mounted on the display unit 121. Alternatively, a substrate on which the display unit 122 is formed is provided with a display unit 121 or a display unit 122. They may be formed in the same process as the transistors.

[0061] [Example of display device configuration] The following describes display devices that can be used for the display unit 121 and the display unit 122. explain.

[0062] A display device according to one embodiment of the present invention has a pixel provided with a first display element that reflects visible light. Alternatively, the display device may have a pixel provided with a second display element that emits visible light. Alternatively, the display device may have a pixel provided with a third display element that transmits visible light. Alternatively, a first display element and a second display element or a third display element may be provided. The pixel may have a pixel structure.

[0063] In this embodiment, a first display element that reflects visible light and a second display element that emits visible light are used. A display device having a display device and a display element is described.

[0064] The display device includes a first light reflected by a first display element and a second light emitted by a second display element. The device has a function to display an image by either one or both of the above. The device detects an amount of a first light reflected by a first display element and an amount of a second light emitted by a second display element. By controlling the amount of light of and , respectively, it has the function of expressing gradation.

[0065] The display device also expresses gradations by controlling the amount of reflected light from the first display element. The gradation is expressed by controlling the amount of light emitted from the first pixel and the second display element. It is preferable to have a configuration having a second pixel. The first pixel and the second pixel are, for example, A plurality of these are arranged in a matrix to form the display unit.

[0066] The first pixels and the second pixels are arranged in the display area with the same number and pitch. In this case, it is preferable that the adjacent first pixel and second pixel are combined to form a pixel unit. This can be called a "first pixel display". an image displayed only by a plurality of second pixels, and an image displayed only by a plurality of first pixels and a plurality of Each of the images displayed by both second pixels can be displayed in the same display area. .

[0067] The first display element of the first pixel may be an element that reflects external light to display an image. Since such elements do not have a light source, the power consumption during display is extremely small. It becomes possible to do so.

[0068] The first display element can typically be a reflective liquid crystal element. The display element for the first display is a shutter-type MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems). In addition to MEMS elements and optical interference type MEMS elements, Cell type, electrophoresis type, electrowetting type, electronic liquid powder type An element to which the above is applied can be used.

[0069] The second display element of the second pixel has a light source and displays an image using light from the light source. In particular, a device that emits light from a light-emitting substance by applying an electric field can be used. It is preferable to use electroluminescent elements that can be extracted. The light emitted by the projector has high color reproducibility (wide color gamut) because its brightness and chromaticity are not affected by external light. It is possible to provide a high-contrast, i.e., vivid display.

[0070] The second display element is, for example, an OLED (Organic Light Emitting g Diode), LED(Light Emitting Diode), QLED( Quantum-dot Light Emitting Diode, semiconductor laser Alternatively, a self-luminous light-emitting element such as a display element The backlight is the light source, and the transparent element controls the amount of light transmitted from the backlight. A combination of a transparent liquid crystal element may be used. LEDs are used as backlights. When an edge-light type backlight is used as the light source, it becomes easier to make the display device thinner. This is preferable.

[0071] The first pixel may be a sub-pixel that exhibits, for example, white (W) or red (R), green (G), or The pixel may have sub-pixels that emit three colors of light: red (A), green (B), and blue (B). Similarly, the second pixel may be a subpixel that exhibits, for example, white (W) or red (R), It is possible to configure the display device to have sub-pixels that emit three colors of light: green (G), blue (B), and blue (B). The sub-pixels of each of the first pixel and the second pixel can have four or more colors. The more types of sub-pixels there are, the more power consumption can be reduced and the better the color reproducibility can be. It can be done.

[0072] In one aspect of the present invention, a first mode displays an image at a first pixel, and a second mode displays an image at a second pixel. a second mode for displaying an image on the first pixel and a second pixel; and a third mode for displaying an image on the first pixel and the second pixel. can be switched.

[0073] In the following description, an image displayed in the first mode is referred to as a first image, and an image displayed in the second mode is referred to as a second image. The image displayed in the third mode is called the second image, and the image displayed in the third mode is called the third image. There is a match.

[0074] The first mode is a mode in which an image is displayed using light reflected by a first display element. The first mode does not require a light source, so it is a driving mode with extremely low power consumption. For example, This is effective when the illuminance of the external light is sufficiently high and the external light is white light or light close to white light. The first mode is a display mode suitable for displaying text information such as books and documents. In addition, because it uses reflected light, it is possible to provide a display that is gentle on the eyes and reduces eye fatigue. This has the effect of

[0075] In the second mode, an image is displayed by utilizing light emitted by the second display element. Therefore, it is extremely vivid (high contrast and color) regardless of the illuminance or chromaticity of the external light. For example, when the illuminance of external light is extremely low, such as at night or in a dark room, This is effective when the display is very small. Also, when the outside light is dark, a bright display can be dazzling to the user. To prevent this, the second mode uses a lower brightness display. This not only reduces glare but also reduces power consumption. The second mode is suitable for displaying vivid images and smooth videos. This is the mode.

[0076] In the third mode, both the reflected light by the first display element and the emitted light by the second display element are Specifically, the light emitted by the first pixel and the light emitted by the second pixel are used to display the image. The light emitted by the first pixel and the light emitted by the adjacent second pixel are mixed to produce a single color. The third mode provides a brighter display than the first mode, but is slower than the second mode. For example, it can reduce power consumption when used indoors under lighting, in the morning or evening, or outdoors. This is effective when the illuminance of light is relatively low or when the chromaticity of the external light is not white. By using a mixture of reflected and emitted light, it feels like you are looking at a painting. It is possible to display an image that matches the image.

[0077] Next, the pixel unit 20 will be described with reference to each diagram of FIG. 3(A) to (C). 2 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration example of a pixel unit 20.

[0078] The first pixel 21 has a display element 21R, a display element 21G, and a display element 21B. The element 21R reflects external light and outputs a red light included in the first gradation value input to the first pixel 21. The display element 21G emits red light R1 having a luminance according to the gradation value corresponding to the display surface. Similarly, the display element 21B also emits green light G1 or blue light B1 toward the display surface. Put out.

[0079] The second pixel 22 has a display element 22R, a display element 22G, and a display element 22B. The element 22R has a light source and emits red light included in the second gradation value input to the second pixel 22. The display element 22G emits red light R2 having a luminance according to the corresponding gray scale value toward the display surface. Similarly, the display element 22B emits green light G2 or blue light B2 toward the display surface. do.

[0080] [Third mode] FIG. 3A shows a display element 21R, a display element 21G, and a display element 21B that reflect external light. The light-emitting display elements 22R, 22G, and 22B are all driven to display an image. As shown in FIG. 3A, the pixel unit 20 has a reflective The six light beams are R1, G1, and B1, which are incident light beams, and R2, G2, and B2, which are emitted light beams. By mixing the lights of different colors, light 25 of a predetermined color can be emitted toward the display surface.

[0081] [First mode] FIG. 3B shows a display device that drives display elements 21R, 21G, and 21B that reflect external light. As shown in FIG. 3B, the pixel unit The pixel 20 does not drive the second pixel 22 when, for example, the illuminance of the external light is sufficiently high. In addition, by mixing only the light from the first pixel 21 (light R1, light G1, and light B1), This allows light 25 of a specific color to be emitted toward the display surface. It is possible to perform powerful driving.

[0082] [Second mode] FIG. 3C shows a state in which the display element 22R, the display element 22G, and the display element 22B are driven to display an image. As shown in FIG. 3C, the pixel unit 20 is in an example of an operation mode. For example, when the illuminance of external light is extremely low, the first pixel 21 is not driven and the second pixel 22 is driven. A predetermined color is obtained by mixing only the light from element 22 (light R2, light G2, and light B2). The light 25 can be projected onto the display surface. This allows for a vivid display. In addition, by lowering the brightness when the illuminance of external light is low, the glare felt by the user is reduced. This also reduces power consumption.

[0083] In addition, the first mode, the second mode, and the third mode are displayed on the display unit 121 and the display unit It is possible to execute the process partially within the display area of ​​122. Different portions of the display may be displayed using different display modes.

[0084] The above is a description of the configuration example of the pixel unit 20.

[0085] [Block diagram 2] FIG. 4 shows an example of a configuration in which some parts are different from those in FIG. 2. The display unit 121 and the display unit 122 each have a touch sensor. Therefore, the display unit 121 and the display unit 122 are provided with a touch panel. It can also be called a touch panel module.

[0086] In FIG. 4, the driving unit 13 and the driving unit 14 each have a function of driving the touch sensor 35. The signal T1 or T2 including the position information acquired by the touch sensor 35 is input to a control unit It has the function of outputting to 11.

[0087] The touch sensor 35 may be, for example, a capacitive type, a resistive film type, a surface acoustic wave type, a red Touch sensors of external line type, electromagnetic induction type, optical type, pressure sensitive type, etc. can be used. For example, touch operations, tap operations, and slide operations performed on the display units 121 and 122 Gestures such as wipe and pinch are treated as input operations (also called user input) It can be detected.

[0088] The viewpoint detection unit 31 has a function of detecting the user's viewpoint and outputting the position information to the control unit 11. has.

[0089] The viewpoint detection unit 31 is, for example, an imaging device that captures an image of the user's eyes and image information obtained by the imaging device. A computing device that calculates the position information of the viewpoint that the user is gazing at from the information and outputs it to the control unit 11. For example, a fixed focus or variable focus optical system may be used. A device (lens, etc.) that can detect visible light, infrared light, or ultraviolet light in two dimensions. The configuration may include a range sensor, etc.

[0090] When the captured image includes the user's eyes, the viewpoint detection unit 31 detects the user's Calculating the direction and position of the eye pupils, and the distance from the viewpoint detection unit 31 to the user's eyes, etc. This makes it possible to calculate position information of the viewpoint at which the user is gazing.

[0091] It is preferable that the viewpoint detection unit 31 includes two or more imaging devices spaced apart from each other. The two image capture devices capture the right and left eyes of the user, respectively, to obtain the user's visual field. The position information of the point can be calculated more accurately. Even if the device has a sensor, such as an infrared sensor, that is specialized for measuring the distance between the device and the face, good.

[0092] [Image display method example 1] An example of a method for displaying an image on the electronic device 10 will be described below.

[0093] FIG. 5 is a schematic top view of the electronic device 10 in an open state.

[0094] [Text mode] In FIG. 5, the display unit 121 displays document information 141a, and the display unit 122 displays document information 141b. 1b indicates the displayed state (text mode). For example, to view document information, The application for this is executed, and the file containing the document information is read and displayed. It can also be called a posture.

[0095] Here, as an example of the document information 141a and the document information 141b, a textbook is assumed to be a teaching material. This shows an example of a text document that displays a specific two-page spread. The electronic device 10 can be used as a textbook.

[0096] When the electronic device 10 is used as a textbook, the display unit 121 Also, the period during which a still image is displayed on the display unit 122 is extremely long. The time spent gazing at the display unit 121 and the display unit 122 is therefore longer. When displaying document information on the display 2, a display method using a reflective display element (first mode) By applying this technology, it is possible to achieve a display that is easy on the eyes and consumes less power. By reducing the frequency of screen redraws (also called frame frequency) when displaying images, , it is possible to reduce power consumption more effectively.

[0097] In addition, in the document information 141a and the document information 141b, text information and drawing information are mixed. If the text information is displayed in the first mode, the drawing information is displayed in the second mode or By displaying the drawing in the third mode, the drawing information can be displayed more emphatically. In addition, it is more effective when the drawing information includes video content. A drive that reduces the frequency of screen refresh (also called frame frequency) only in the area where the image is displayed. It is preferable to use the above-mentioned movement because it is possible to reduce power consumption more effectively.

[0098] [Note Mode] In FIG. 6A, a user can freely write on the display portion 121 and the display portion 122. In FIG. 6A, the display unit 121 and the display unit 122 are in a state where the display unit 121 and the display unit 122 are in a note mode. The ruled lines are displayed on the screen, and you can freely draw on the screen with a stylus 131 or your finger. FIG. 6A shows a state in which a user input image 142 is displayed on the display unit 121. It shows.

[0099] For example, in the note mode, the touch sensor 3 provided on the display unit 121 and the display unit 122 When a user input by a stylus 131 or a finger is detected by the A user input image 142 is generated based on the input information and displayed on the display unit 121 or 122. It can be done.

[0100] In note mode, you can input text using handwritten input or software keyboard. You can also use drawing tools to draw polygons, circles, lines, etc. It is also possible to perform drawing using the

[0101] In the note mode, for example, pre-prepared ruled lines are displayed in the first mode, and the user By displaying the user input image 142 in the second mode or the third mode, power consumption is reduced. This allows the user to effectively highlight only the information written by the user.

[0102] [Dual mode] In FIG. 6B, the display unit 121 displays document information 141a, and the display unit 122 is used as a notebook. The figure shows a state in which the device is used as a dual mode.

[0103] In the dual mode, the document information 141a is displayed on one display unit 121, while the display This allows the user to freely write in the area 122 of the electronic device 10. It can have two functions: writing and notes, which can improve your learning effect. do.

[0104] [Write mode] FIG. 6C shows a case where document information 141 is displayed on the display unit 121 in the same manner as in the text mode shown in FIG. 13A and the display unit 122 is displaying document information 141b. The user's signature is written on the document information 141a or 141b. This is the mode in which the input image 146 can be displayed.

[0105] In the writing mode, the text information of the document information 141a or the document information 141b is You can also draw markers to highlight certain areas.

[0106] The user input image 146 written by the user in the writing mode is displayed in the second mode. In this way, the user input image 146 can be displayed in a text mode. Even when the information is displayed overlapping the document information 141a or the document information 141b, the information is more emphasized. This makes it easy to intuitively distinguish between them.

[0107] The above text mode, note mode, dual mode, and writing mode are The user can freely switch between them.

[0108] As an example of a method for switching the mode, for example, Then, a page is turned by swiping horizontally, and the display unit 121 or By swiping vertically on the display unit 122, the display of each display unit can be changed to a text mode. You can also switch between note and writing modes. The icon associated with the operation of selecting a drawing tool or the like is displayed on the display unit 121 or The icon is displayed on a part of the display unit 122, and by tapping the icon, the mode is switched to the writing mode. or select a drawing tool.

[0109] [Submission mode] FIG. 7 shows a state in which a user input image 142 created by a user is sent to a submission destination (submission mode). For example, in Note mode or Dual mode, By tapping the icon, you can submit or decline the request as shown in Figure 7. A window 145 is displayed to confirm whether or not the

[0110] The information of the user input image 142 is converted into digital data and transmitted to facilities such as schools and companies via wireless communication or the like. The data can be transmitted to a server owned by the company. In addition to the data in 2, the electronic device 10 and unique ID information for identifying the user are also stored. It is preferable that the information includes the time, etc. Also, the data is encrypted before being transmitted. is more preferred.

[0111] This allows the user to input a user input image 142 created by the user into an application such as an email. This makes it easier to submit the user input image 14 without having to launch the application. The recipients of the second prize (schools, companies, and other institutions) will also receive the attached file via individual email. This has the advantage of making data management easier, as there is no need to handle files.

[0112] The above is a description of the image display method example 1.

[0113] [Image display method example 2] An example of a display method that can further reduce power consumption will be described below.

[0114] In FIG. 8(A), the document information 141a and the document information 141b shown in FIG. Here, the area 151 of the display unit 121 is the area where the user is gazing. or an area including its vicinity.

[0115] In FIG. 8B, the area 151 including the area the user is gazing at is displayed on the display unit 122. 13 shows an example of the case where the object is moved to the side.

[0116] The housings 111 and 112 each have a camera 114 provided on the display surface side. The pair of cameras 114 function as part of the viewpoint detection unit 31 described above.

[0117] The area 151 including the range in which the user is gazing is determined by the second mode or the third mode. On the other hand, it is preferable to display the image in a portion where the user is not gazing, i.e., the display The portion of the display unit 121 other than the area 151 and the display unit 122 can be displayed in the first mode. This is preferable. In this way, most of the display unit 121 and the display unit 122 are made up of only reflective display elements. Since it is possible to display the image at a low power consumption, power consumption can be effectively reduced.

[0118] In addition, if video content is included in the range outside the area 151, It is preferable to display the image as a still image rather than displaying it as a continuous image. It is preferable that the entire area outside the area 151 be displayed as a still image. The outer range can be displayed with a reduced frame frequency for more efficient consumption. Power consumption can be reduced.

[0119] At this time, as shown in FIG. 8B, the area 151 is changed to a region where video content is displayed. In other words, when a user watches video content, the part in question is displayed as a still image. It is preferable that the display be switched from the normal display to a video display so that the video content can be played back. At this time, the video content may be automatically played back when it overlaps with the area 151. When the user taps on that part, the video starts playing. You may do so.

[0120] This concludes the description of image display method example 2.

[0121] [About the case] When the electronic device 10 is used as a textbook, the housings 111 and 112 are lightweight. For example, the weight of the housing 111 and the housing 112 is preferably 10 g or more and 1000 g or less. Preferably, the weight is 50 g or more and 800 g or less, more preferably, 50 g or more and 500 g or less, and even more preferably It is preferable that the weight of the two housings is 50g or more and 250g or less. If it is less than 100g, it will be the same weight as a specialized book or lighter, making it suitable for everyday use, especially for children. It is preferable as a portable device.

[0122] Furthermore, when the electronic device 10 is used as a textbook or the like, it is required that it can be used for several years. Therefore, the housings 111 and 112 are preferably made of materials that are weather resistant and strong. For example, alloys such as titanium alloys, magnesium alloys, and aluminum alloys, It is preferable to use carbon fiber or the like.

[0123] As shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 5, etc., the ends of the housings 111 and 112 are rounded. The design has no sharp edges, making it a safe device even when used by children. It is possible.

[0124] This concludes the explanation of the housing.

[0125] [Image display method example 3] An example of an image display method for an electronic device different from the above will be described below.

[0126] FIG. 9A is a perspective view of the electronic device 10. In FIG. 9, the display unit 122 is an input device (key This is an example of a case where the device is used as a keyboard, etc. 0 can be used as a notebook PC, for example.

[0127] FIG. 9B shows an example in which the housing 111 and the housing 112 are separated. In FIG. 9B, a support 121 is mounted on the rear surface of the housing 111 (the surface opposite to the display unit 121). The housing 111 is held in an inclined state by the support portion 115. When not in use, it is preferable that one of the displays is stored in the housing 111. When one device is used as a display and the other is used as an input device, the two devices can be separated. The electronic device 10 can be made more convenient.

[0128] When the housing 111 and the housing 112 are separated, the housing 111 is a portable device such as a tablet terminal device. The housing 112 functions as an input device capable of wireless communication with the housing 111. In this case, by consolidating the control unit and the like in the housing 111, the housing 112 can be used. Since the internal structure can be simplified, the electronic device 10 can be made lightweight. The housing 111 and the housing 112 are configured to function independently as mobile information terminal devices. This is also fine.

[0129] In addition, in FIG. 9B, an example in which the hinge 113 and the housing 111 can be separated is shown. However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the hinge 113 may have a mechanism that allows it to be separated into two parts. The present invention provides a mechanism for connecting the housing 111 and the housing 112 in a separable manner without using a hinge 113. It may have.

[0130] FIG. 10A is a schematic diagram of the top surface of the housing 112. An image 143 having a plurality of objects 143a each resembling a key on a keyboard is displayed. Each of the objects 143a is associated with an input action. As shown in FIG. 0(A), the user taps the screen with a finger 132 or the like to input user information. The information is transmitted to the control unit 11.

[0131] FIG. 10(B1) shows a state where a finger 132 is tapping on one object 143a. In addition, in Fig. 10(B2), finger 132 is indicated by a dashed line.

[0132] At this time, the object touched by the finger 132 or the like is mostly hidden by the finger 132 or the like. Therefore, the object touched by the finger 132 or the like is not visible to the user. It is preferable to display in the first mode in which only the display element is used, or to stop displaying. This allows power consumption to be reduced. The object is to be displayed in a second mode or a third mode using a light-emitting element. However, if the environment is bright enough or if the user requests it, The portion not touched by the finger 132 or the like may also be configured to be displayable in the first mode.

[0133] Also, as shown in FIG. 10(B3), not only the object touched by the finger 132 but also the object touched by the finger 1 Objects covered by 32 are also invisible to the user, so they are displayed in the first mode. In this case, a proximity sensor or an optical sensor may be used as a touch sensor of the display unit 122. The position of a finger 132 or the like located within a predetermined distance from the surface of the display unit 122 is detected by the sensor. It is sufficient to obtain the location information.

[0134] FIG. 10(C1) is an example of enlarging two objects. In FIG. 10(C1), The figure shows the objects corresponding to the letters "E" and "R."

[0135] As shown in FIG. 10(C1), only the outline portion 144a and the symbol portion 144b of the key are displayed. It is preferable to display only the first mode and not the second mode using light-emitting elements. Or, when displayed in the third mode, the position is other than the outline portion 144a and the symbol portion 144b. By displaying the light-emitting elements in black (i.e., not emitting light), power consumption is minimized. It can be limited.

[0136] FIG. 10(C2) shows a state where the "R" key is tapped with finger 132. , the key "E" is displayed in the second mode or the third mode using a light-emitting element, and the key " The "R" key is displayed in the first mode using only the reflective display element. The minutes are covered by finger 132 and external light does not reach them, so they are essentially not displayed.

[0137] This concludes the description of image display method example 3.

[0138] One embodiment of the present invention has two display units, each of which has a first screen that displays images by reflected light. a first image displayed by luminescent light, a second image displayed by a mixture of reflected light and luminescent light, In addition, the first to third images can be displayed on one display unit. It is possible to display two or more of them at the same time. This allows you to use various display methods. In addition, by making the area for displaying the first image as large as possible, it is possible to reduce power consumption. On the other hand, the second image or the first image can be used to highlight the part that is desired to be emphasized. By using three different images, power consumption can be reduced while providing a less stressful display to the user. The information can be provided to users.

[0139] In addition, we will combine input methods such as touch sensors and methods to recognize the user's viewpoint. This reduces the power consumption of the display in areas that the user is not aware of, making it more effective. Therefore, a display method that is essentially stress-free and consumes low power can be realized.

[0140] This embodiment may be combined, at least in part, with other embodiments described in this specification. It can be implemented in combination.

[0141] (Embodiment 2) In this embodiment, a display method that can reduce power consumption will be described. The method partially distinguishes between images with little change and images with a lot of change, and the images with little change consume less power. Explains examples of display methods that can reduce power consumption by applying less-powerful display methods do.

[0142] In the method exemplified in this embodiment, an image captured by an image capturing means and a The images are then synthesized with computer graphics (CG) images generated by the Augmented Reality (AR) is also a display technology. can be applied.

[0143] A display device used in a display system according to one embodiment of the present invention includes a first display element. At least the first pixel has a write element and a second pixel having a second display element. The data written can be held for two or more consecutive frame periods, and The display can be maintained without being changed.

[0144] Therefore, an image with little change is displayed using the first pixel, and an image with a lot of change is displayed using the second pixel. By using only two pixels for display, power consumption can be reduced.

[0145] [Configuration example] FIG. 11 is a block diagram illustrating a display system according to one embodiment of the present invention. The display system 60 includes a control unit 600, a display unit 610, a camera 605 (CAM), and a PS (Global Positioning System) Receiver 606 (GPS) A data input / output unit 607 (I / O), a touch sensor 613 (T-SEN), and a light sensor The display system 60 may have a configuration including a sensor 614 (P-SEN). The elements included are not limited to these, and other elements may be included.

[0146] The display system 60 shown in FIG. 11 is applied to the electronic device 10 shown in the first embodiment. The display system 60 shown here is the same as the housing 111 and the housing 112 in the first embodiment. 112, or both. If it is installed in one of the enclosures, In this case, the display system 60 can control both the display unit 121 and the display unit 122. Therefore, the display unit 610 described below is the same as the display unit 121 in the first embodiment. 122, or both.

[0147] The control unit 600 includes a data processing circuit 601 (CPU), a first memory 602 (RAM1), , a second memory 603 (RAM2) and a control circuit 604 (CON). It is possible.

[0148] The data processing circuit 601 is a CPU (Central Processing Unit). The data processing circuit 601 may include an arithmetic circuit such as a First memory 602, second memory 603, control circuit 604, camera 605, GPS receiver 606, a data input / output unit 607, a touch sensor 613, an optical sensor 614, and the like. It has the function of controlling the entire display system 60, such as sending and receiving

[0149] The first memory 602 and the second memory 603 have a function of storing image data. For example, image data may be stored as a frame memory, and the data processing circuit 601 may output a control signal to the image processing circuit 602. In addition, by storing multiple frames of data, This enables processing such as comparing image data between frames.

[0150] The first memory 602 has a function of storing image data to be displayed on the first display element. .

[0151] The second memory 603 has a function of storing image data to be displayed on the second display element. Yes.

[0152] The control circuit 604 controls the operation of the display unit 610 in accordance with the frequency at which the two types of image data are updated. It has the function of executing operational control.

[0153] The display unit 610 includes a first pixel 611 (PIX1) having a first display element and a second display element. The first display element includes a second pixel 612 (PIX2). A reflective liquid crystal element can be used. The second display element can be, for example, a light-emitting element. Children can be used.

[0154] The reflective liquid crystal element can operate with low power consumption, and the light-emitting element can display with high visibility. It is to be noted that the first pixel 611 has a second display element, and the second pixel 612 has a second display element. The display device may also have a first display element.

[0155] In the first pixel 611 and the second pixel 612, a write transistor for image data and It is preferable to use a transistor having a metal oxide in the channel region. Such a transistor has an extremely low off-state current and can retain the potential written as image data for a long time. Therefore, new image data can be stored for multiple frame periods. This enables the so-called idling stop driving, which allows the image display to be maintained without writing data. do.

[0156] In idling stop driving, image data written to the pixels is written over two or more frames. This makes it possible to reduce the frequency of rewriting image data. Therefore, power consumption can be reduced.

[0157] A reflective liquid crystal element that can be used as the first display element does not require a backlight. Therefore, the power consumption of the pixel section is equal to the power consumption of the circuit operation. It is particularly preferable to perform idling stop driving of pixels having display elements, and the power consumption of the pixel portion is The power consumption can be reduced in proportion to the rewrite frequency.

[0158] The camera 605 has a function of acquiring a captured image according to incident light.

[0159] The GPS receiver 606 can communicate with communication satellites and has a function for calculating the reception position. do.

[0160] The data input / output unit 607 has a function of acquiring image data and the like from the outside or a function of outputting image data to the outside. For example, the data input / output unit 607 is connected to a wired or wireless network. It can be connected to a network and can obtain image data, etc. from outside via the network. In addition, the data input / output unit 607 can receive media on which image data and the like are stored. It may be connected.

[0161] The touch sensor 613 is an input unit and is provided on top of the display unit 610. A function that converts the user's touch action of 0 into an electrical signal and outputs it to the data processing circuit 601 The input information is output to the data processing circuit 601. It is used as an input signal for the application software processed by 01.

[0162] The light sensor 614 functions to measure the illuminance of the environment in which the display system 60 is used. The data processing circuit 601 and the control circuit 604 obtain the illuminance information and determine the table to be used. The display device can be selected, the brightness of the display unit 610 can be changed, and the color of the image can be adjusted. The optical sensor 614 may be provided in a pixel. In the display system 60, the touch sensor 613 and the light sensor 614 can be omitted. It is also possible.

[0163] By using a display system 60 having the components described above, multiple images can be synthesized. For example, an image of a subject can be captured by the camera 605 and displayed. Information about the subject is acquired from the data input / output unit 607, and the two are combined and displayed on the display unit 610. It can be displayed.

[0164] The image P captured by the camera 605 is divided into a first pixel 611 and a second pixel 612. The image Q acquired via the data input / output unit 607 is displayed on the first pixel 611 and the second pixel 612. If the image P and the image Q are displayed on the other side of the pixel 612, an area where the images P and Q are displayed overlaps will be generated. Therefore, the area of ​​image P where image Q is displayed should be processed to a black image. It is preferable that the processing is performed by a data processing circuit. may be unnecessary.

[0165] The position of image Q relative to image P is determined by using a designated marker in the first image. Alternatively, the position information, data, etc. acquired by the GPS receiver 606 can be used to determine the position. Either the information acquired via the data input / output unit 607 or the image information of the camera 605, or can be determined from the results of calculations based on the composite information.

[0166] The control circuit 604 converts the image data input from the first memory 602 into the image data of the first pixel 611. The first pixel 611 has a reflective liquid crystal element, and Therefore, image data that is rewritten less frequently can be written first. When a display is made using one pixel 611, the first pixel 611 is driven in a specific frame period. It is possible to stop the operation of peripheral circuits for

[0167] The control circuit 604 also converts the image data input from the second memory 603 into a second pixel pixel. The second pixel 612 has a light-emitting element and has a function of displaying a moving image. Therefore, the second pixel 612 has a good display response. It is preferable to display an image that is rewritten more frequently than the image data to be displayed.

[0168] The number of frames for which the idling stop drive is performed is set in advance, and the number of frames is also determined based on the environment. Changes in force, displacement, position, speed, acceleration, angular velocity, rotation speed, distance, light, magnetic , temperature, chemicals, sound, time, hardness, electric field, current, voltage, power, radiation, flow rate, humidity, (including functions to measure gradient, vibration, smell, or infrared rays, etc.) The number of frames may be changed automatically. By controlling the number of frames, consistency with reality can be achieved. It also reduces power consumption by suppressing unnecessary rewriting of image data. It can be done.

[0169] [Idling Stop Drive] An example of the above-mentioned idling stop driving will be described with reference to FIGS. 12(A) to 12(C). explain.

[0170] FIG. 12A is a circuit diagram of a pixel that is composed of a liquid crystal element 653 and a pixel circuit 651. In FIG. 12A, a transistor connected to a signal line SL and a gate line GL is shown. M1, capacitance element Cs LC and a liquid crystal element LC.

[0171] FIG. 12B shows the signal line in a normal driving mode other than the idling stop driving mode. 1 is a timing chart showing waveforms of signals respectively applied to gate lines SL and GL. In normal drive mode, it can be operated at a normal frame frequency (e.g. 60Hz). do.

[0172] When the periods of consecutive frames at the frame frequency are T1, T2, and T3, In each frame period, a scanning signal is applied to the gate line, and data D1 on the signal line is written to the pixel. This operation is performed even if the same data D1 is written in T1, T2, and T3. The same applies even when different data is written.

[0173] FIG. 12C shows the signal line SL and the gate line GL 1 is a timing chart showing waveforms of signals respectively given to the idling stop drive In operation, it can be operated at a slow frame frequency (for example, 1 Hz).

[0174] In FIG. 12(C), the frame period in the frame frequency is T1, and the data The period for writing is T W , the period for which data is to be retained is T RET It is expressed as: Idlings Top drive is period T W A scanning signal is applied to the gate line, and data D1 of the signal line is written to the pixel. Including period T RET The gate line is fixed at a low voltage, making transistor M1 non-conductive. Then, the pixel is caused to hold the data D1 that was written as a state.

[0175] Here, by using a transistor to which a metal oxide is applied as the transistor M1, The low off-current allows data D1 to be retained for a long time. In the examples of (A) to (C), a liquid crystal element LC is used. However, light-emitting elements such as organic EL elements can also be used. Even if a child is used, idling stop driving is similarly possible.

[0176] In the circuit diagram shown in FIG. 12A, the liquid crystal element LC is a leak path for the data D1. Therefore, in order to perform the idling stop drive properly, the resistivity of the liquid crystal element LC is to 1.0×10 14 It is preferable to set the resistance at Ω·cm or more.

[0177] [Example of display method] Next, a specific example of display will be described. Here, a first display element is provided in the first pixel 611. In the case where the second pixel 612 is provided with a second display element, As an example of the idling stop drive, FIGS. 13(A1) to 13(A3) and FIG. 14 This will be explained using:

[0178] 13A1 to 13A3 are images of buildings captured as a first image P1, which will be described later. , and the second images Q1, Q2, and Q3, which will be described later, are synthesized from the images of the aircraft. By displaying Fig. 13 (A1) to (A3) in succession, it is possible to make it appear as if the aircraft does not actually exist. It is possible to create a video of the drone flying above a group of buildings.

[0179] In order to construct the images shown in (A1) to (A3) of FIG. 13, the following steps are taken in the periods F1 to F3: An example of an image that may be acquired, generated, or displayed is shown in FIG.

[0180] First, during a period F1, an image of a group of buildings is captured by the camera 605 as a first image P1. Then, the first image P1 is processed so that the area to be combined with the image is displayed in black, and the third image An image P1' is generated.

[0181] Also, an image of the flying object is acquired as a second image Q1 from the data input / output unit 607. Then, the original data of the black-displayed area in the third image P1' is synthesized with the second image Q1, and The other areas are displayed in black to generate a fourth image Q1'.

[0182] Then, the third image P1' is displayed in the first pixel 611, and the fourth image Q1' is displayed in the second pixel 612. By displaying the image in pixel 612, the image shown in FIG. 13(A1) is displayed as a whole. .

[0183] Here, the third image P1' displayed in the first pixel 611 is an image of the vehicle in the idling stop mode. This will be maintained after period F2 due to the above movement.

[0184] During the period F2, the image of the flying object is sent as the second image Q2 to the data input / output unit 607. Then, the fourth image Q2' is obtained by subtracting the second pixel 61 from the fourth image Q2'. 2, the image shown in FIG. 13(A2) is displayed as a whole.

[0185] During the period F3, the image of the flying object is sent as the second image Q3 to the data input / output unit 607. Then, the fourth image Q3′ is obtained from the second pixel 61 2, the image shown in FIG. 13(A3) is displayed as a whole.

[0186] In this way, by reserving an area in the original image to which the image is to be added in advance, Idling stop driving can be performed efficiently.

[0187] Here, the period F1 is a period for acquiring the first image P1 and a period for generating the third image P1′. a period for acquiring the second image Q1, a period for generating the fourth image Q1', and a period for generating the third image Q2. The period in which the third image P1' and the fourth image Q1' are displayed is included. In periods other than the period in which 1' is displayed, the image that was synthesized and displayed before the period F1 is Similarly, in the periods F2 and F3, the fourth image Q2' is displayed. In the period other than the period in which Q3′ or Q4′ is displayed on the second pixel 612, It is preferable to display the synthesized image.

[0188] The above is an explanation of the example of the display method.

[0189] [Regarding semiconductor devices] The above-mentioned pixels and semiconductor devices such as transistors used in circuits for driving the pixels In the present invention, it is preferable to apply a metal oxide to the semiconductor layer. The Cloud-Aligned Composite-Oxid (CAC-OS) e Semiconductor) can be used.

[0190] In particular, it is preferable to use an oxide semiconductor having a band gap larger than that of silicon. If a semiconductor material with a wider band gap and lower carrier density than silicon is used, Therefore, the current in the off state of the transistor can be reduced.

[0191] In addition, due to the low off-state current, the It is possible to hold the charge for a long period of time. Such a transistor is applied to pixels. By doing so, it is possible to stop the driving circuit while maintaining the grayscale of each pixel. As a result, it is possible to realize electronic devices with extremely reduced power consumption.

[0192] In addition, semiconductor devices such as transistors used in the above-mentioned pixels and circuits for driving the pixels The body may be made of a polycrystalline semiconductor. For example, polycrystalline silicon may be used. Polycrystalline silicon can be formed at a lower temperature than single crystal silicon, and amorphous silicon is preferable. Compared to silicon, it has high field effect mobility and high reliability. By applying this to pixels, the aperture ratio of the pixels can be improved. Even if the pixel has a gate driver circuit and a source driver circuit, the gate driver circuit and the source driver circuit are formed on the same substrate as the pixel. This makes it possible to reduce the number of parts that make up the electronic device.

[0193] This embodiment may be combined, at least in part, with other embodiments described in this specification. It can be implemented in combination.

[0194] (Embodiment 3) An example of a display panel that can be used in a display device according to one embodiment of the present invention will be described below. The display panel exemplified below has both a reflective liquid crystal element and a light-emitting element. This is a display panel that can perform display in both optical and reflective modes.

[0195] [Configuration example] FIG. 15A is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of the display device 400. The display device 362 includes a plurality of pixels 410 arranged in a matrix. 400 includes a circuit GD and a circuit SD. Also, a plurality of pixels 410 arranged in a direction R, A plurality of wirings G1, a plurality of wirings G2, a plurality of wirings ANO, and Also, the pixel 410 arranged in the direction C and the circuit SD The semiconductor device has a plurality of wirings S1 and a plurality of wirings S2 electrically connected to the semiconductor device.

[0196] For simplicity, a configuration having one circuit GD and one circuit SD is shown here. A circuit GD and a circuit SD for driving the crystal element, and a circuit GD and a circuit S for driving the light-emitting element D may be provided separately.

[0197] The pixel 410 has a reflective liquid crystal element and a light emitting element. The substrate and the light emitting element have an overlapping portion.

[0198] FIG. 15B1 shows a configuration example of the conductive layer 311b included in the pixel 410. The conductive layer 311b functions as a reflective electrode of the liquid crystal element in the pixel 410. , an opening 451 is provided.

[0199] In FIG. 15(B1), the light emitting element 360 located in the area overlapping with the conductive layer 311b is indicated by a dashed line. The light-emitting element 360 is disposed so as to overlap the opening 451 of the conductive layer 311b. As a result, the light emitted by the light emitting element 360 is emitted to the display surface side through the opening 451. can be.

[0200] In FIG. 15(B1), pixels 410 adjacent in the direction R correspond to different colors. At this time, as shown in FIG. 15(B1), in a plurality of pixels arranged in the direction R, The openings 451 are provided at different positions on the conductive layer 311b so as not to be arranged in a straight line. This allows two adjacent light emitting elements 360 to be spaced apart. It is possible that the light emitted by the light emitting element 360 may enter the color layer of the adjacent pixel 410. This can suppress the phenomenon known as crosstalk. Since the light emitting element 360 can be spaced apart, the EL layer of the light emitting element 360 can be formed as a shadow mask. Even in the case where different display devices are manufactured separately, a high-definition display device can be realized.

[0201] Alternatively, the arrangement may be as shown in FIG.

[0202] If the ratio of the total area of ​​the openings 451 to the total area of ​​the non-openings is too large, The display becomes dark. Also, the ratio of the total area of ​​the openings 451 to the total area of ​​the non-openings If the value is too small, the display using the light emitting element 360 will be too dark.

[0203] In addition, the area of ​​the opening 451 provided in the conductive layer 311b functioning as a reflective electrode is too small. As a result, the efficiency of light that can be extracted from the light emitted by the light emitting element 360 decreases.

[0204] The shape of the opening 451 may be, for example, a polygon, a rectangle, an ellipse, a circle, a cross, or the like. The shape may also be thin stripes, slits, or a checkered pattern. The apertures 451 may be arranged close to adjacent pixels. The pixels are arranged close to the other pixels to be displayed, which helps to suppress crosstalk.

[0205] [Circuit configuration example] 16 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration example of a pixel 410. In FIG. 16, two adjacent pixels It shows 410.

[0206] The pixel 410 includes a switch SW1, a capacitance element C1, a liquid crystal element 340, a switch SW2, and a transistor. The pixel 410 includes a transistor M, a capacitance element C2, and a light emitting element 360. , wire G1, wire G2, wire ANO, wire CSCOM, wire S1, and wire S2 are electrically 16, the wiring VCO M1, and a wiring VCOM2 electrically connected to the light-emitting element 360 are shown.

[0207] FIG. 16 shows an example in which transistors are used for the switches SW1 and SW2. This shows that.

[0208] The switch SW1 has a gate connected to the wiring G1 and either the source or the drain connected to the wiring S1, and the other of the source and drain is connected to one electrode of the capacitance element C1 and the liquid crystal One electrode of the capacitance element C1 is connected to the wiring CSCO The other electrode of the liquid crystal element 340 is connected to the wiring VCOM1. .

[0209] The switch SW2 has a gate connected to the wiring G2 and a source or drain The other of the source and drain is connected to one electrode of the capacitance element C2. The other electrode of the capacitance element C2 is connected to the gate of the transistor M. The transistor M is connected to either the source or drain of the transistor M1 and the wiring ANO. The other of the source and the drain is connected to one electrode of the light-emitting element 360. The other electrode of terminal 360 is connected to wiring VCOM2.

[0210] In FIG. 16, a transistor M has two gates that sandwich a semiconductor. These are connected to form This increases the current that the transistor M can pass. It is possible.

[0211] A signal for controlling the switch SW1 to a conductive state or a non-conductive state is applied to the wiring G1. A predetermined potential can be applied to the wiring VCOM1. A signal for controlling the alignment state of the liquid crystal of the liquid crystal element 340 can be applied. The OM can be given a predetermined electrical potential.

[0212] A signal for controlling the switch SW2 to a conductive state or a non-conductive state is applied to the wiring G2. A potential difference that causes the light emitting element 360 to emit light is generated between the wiring VCOM2 and the wiring ANO. The wiring S2 can be connected to a potential that causes the transistor M to be turned on or off. A signal to control the same can be given.

[0213] In the pixel 410 shown in FIG. 16, for example, when performing a reflective mode display, the wiring G1 and The liquid crystal element 340 is driven by a signal applied to the wiring S1 and displays the image by optical modulation. In addition, when displaying in the light-emitting mode, the wiring G2 and the wiring S2 are provided with The light emitting element 360 can be driven by a signal to emit light for display. When driving in this mode, the wiring G1, the wiring G2, the wiring S1, and the wiring S2 are The input signal can be driven by a signal applied to the

[0214] In FIG. 16, one pixel 410 includes one liquid crystal element 340 and one light emitting element 360. 17A shows an example in which one pixel 410 has one The liquid crystal element 340 and four light-emitting elements (light-emitting element 360r, light-emitting element 360g, light-emitting element 3 60b, and light-emitting element 360w.

[0215] In FIG. 17A, in addition to the example of FIG. 16, a line G3 and a line S3 are connected to a pixel 410. It is being done.

[0216] In the example shown in FIG. 17A, for example, four light emitting elements (light emitting element 360r, light emitting element 36 0g, light-emitting element 360b, and light-emitting element 360w) are respectively red (R), green (G), and blue (B). A light-emitting element that emits blue (B) and white (W) can be used. A reflective liquid crystal element that exhibits white color can be used as the reflective mode. When the display mode is white, the display can be white with high reflectance. When display is performed at 1000 W, a display with high color rendering can be performed at low power.

[0217] 17B shows a configuration example of a pixel 410. The pixel 410 has an electrode 31 A light emitting element 360w overlaps with an opening of the electrode 311, and a light emitting element disposed around the electrode 311. 360r, light emitting element 360g, and light emitting element 360b. It is preferable that the light emitting element 360g and the light emitting element 360b have substantially the same light emitting area. stomach.

[0218] [Display panel configuration example] FIG. 18 is a perspective schematic diagram of a display panel 300 according to an embodiment of the present invention. 18 has a structure in which a substrate 351 and a substrate 361 are bonded together. is indicated by a dashed line.

[0219] The display panel 300 includes a display unit 362, a circuit 364, wiring 365, etc. For example, the circuit 364, the wiring 365, the conductive layer 311b functioning as a pixel electrode, etc. In FIG. 18, an IC 373 and an FPC 372 are mounted on a board 351. Therefore, the configuration shown in FIG. 18 includes the display panel 300, the FPC 372, and It can also be said to be a display module having the IC373.

[0220] The circuit 364 can be, for example, a circuit that functions as a scanning line driver circuit.

[0221] The wiring 365 has a function of supplying signals and power to the display unit and the circuit 364. Power is input to wiring 365 from the outside via FPC 372 or from IC 373.

[0222] In FIG. 18, the substrate 351 is formed by a COG (Chip On Glass) method or the like. The IC 373 is, for example, a scanning line driving circuit, Alternatively, an IC having a function as a signal line driver circuit or the like can be applied. 0 may have a circuit that functions as a scanning line driver circuit and a signal line driver circuit, or The display panel is connected to the outside via FPC372, and the circuits that function as the driving circuits and signal line driving circuits are provided. In cases such as when inputting a signal to drive panel 300, IC373 is not provided. Also, IC373 may be mounted by COF (Chip On Film) method, etc. It may also be mounted on FPC372.

[0223] FIG. 18 shows an enlarged view of a part of the display unit 362. The display unit 362 has a plurality of displays. The conductive layer 311b of the display element is arranged in a matrix. It has a function of reflecting visible light, and functions as a reflective electrode for the liquid crystal element 340 described later.

[0224] As shown in FIG. 18, the conductive layer 311b has an opening. The light emitting element 360 is disposed on the substrate 351 side. The light is emitted to the substrate 361 side through the opening of 1b.

[0225] In addition, a touch sensor can be provided on the substrate 361. For example, a sheet-shaped electrostatic A capacitive touch sensor 366 may be provided so as to overlap the display unit 362. Alternatively, a touch sensor may be provided between the substrate 361 and the substrate 351. If a touch sensor is provided between the sensor and the photoelectric conversion sensor, in addition to the capacitive touch sensor, An optical touch sensor using an element may also be applied.

[0226] [Cross-section example 1] FIG. 19 shows a part of the area including the FPC 372 and the circuit 36 ​​of the display panel shown in FIG. 4 and a part of the area including the display unit 362 are cut away. 3 shows an example of a surface, not including the touch sensor 366.

[0227] The display panel has an insulating layer 220 between a substrate 351 and a substrate 361. Between the insulating layer 220 and the light-emitting element 360, the transistor 201, the transistor 205, The transistor 206, the coloring layer 134, etc. are included. In addition, between the insulating layer 220 and the substrate 361, The liquid crystal element 340 and the colored layer 135 are included. The substrate 361 and the insulating layer 220 are bonded to each other by the adhesive layer 16. 1, and the substrate 351 and the insulating layer 220 are bonded to each other via an adhesive layer 162. .

[0228] The transistor 206 is electrically connected to the liquid crystal element 340. The transistor 205 and the transistor 206 are electrically connected to the optical element 360. Since the insulating layer 220 is also formed on the surface of the substrate 351 side, these are formed in the same process. It can be made by

[0229] The substrate 361 includes a colored layer 135, a light-shielding layer 136, an insulating layer 218, and a liquid crystal element 340. A conductive layer 313 functioning as a common electrode, an alignment film 133b, an insulating layer 117, etc. are provided. The insulating layer 117 serves as a spacer for maintaining the cell gap of the liquid crystal element 340. It works.

[0230] On the substrate 351 side of the insulating layer 220, an insulating layer 211, an insulating layer 212, an insulating layer 213, and an insulating The insulating layer 211 is provided with insulating layers such as the insulating layer 214 and the insulating layer 215. The insulating layer 212, the insulating layer 213, and the insulating layer 214 function as a gate insulating layer of the transistor. The insulating layer 214 is provided to cover each transistor. The insulating layer 214 and the insulating layer 215 function as a planarizing layer. In this embodiment, insulating layers 212 and 213 are used as insulating layers for covering transistors and the like. Although the embodiment shows a case where the insulating layer 214 has three layers, the present invention is not limited to this and may have four or more layers. The insulating layer 2 may function as a planarizing layer. Item 14 need not be provided if unnecessary.

[0231] In addition, the transistors 201, 205, and 206 are partially A conductive layer 221 functions as a gate, and a conductive layer 222 functions as a source or drain. The semiconductor layer 231 is a layer 222. Here, the semiconductor layer 231 is a layer obtained by processing the same conductive film. The layers are marked with the same hatching pattern.

[0232] The liquid crystal element 340 is a reflective liquid crystal element. The liquid crystal element 340 includes a conductive layer 311a, a liquid crystal The conductive layer 311a has a laminated structure in which a conductive layer 312 and a conductive layer 313 are laminated. A conductive layer 311b that reflects visible light is provided in contact with the first side. The conductive layer 311a and the conductive layer 313 are made of a material that transmits visible light. In addition, an alignment film 133a is provided between the liquid crystal 312 and the conductive layer 311a. An alignment film 133b is provided between the conductive layer 313 and the substrate 361. has a polarizing plate 130.

[0233] In the liquid crystal element 340, the conductive layer 311b has a function of reflecting visible light, and the conductive layer 31 The light incident from the substrate 361 side is polarized by the polarizing plate 130. The light is polarized in a direction perpendicular to the light axis, passes through the conductive layer 313 and the liquid crystal 312, and is reflected by the conductive layer 311b. The light passes through the liquid crystal 312 and the conductive layer 313 again and reaches the polarizing plate 130. The orientation of the liquid crystal is controlled by applying a voltage between the layer 311b and the conductive layer 313, and the light is optically modulated. That is, the intensity of the light emitted through the polarizing plate 130 can be controlled. In addition, the colored layer 135 absorbs light outside a specific wavelength range. As a result, the extracted light exhibits, for example, red color.

[0234] The light emitting element 360 is a bottom emission type light emitting element. A laminate in which a conductive layer 191, an EL layer 192, and a conductive layer 193b are laminated in this order from the layer 220 side. The conductive layer 193a is provided to cover the conductive layer 193b. The conductive layer 191 and the conductive layer 193b contain a material that reflects visible light. The light emitted by the light emitting element 360 passes through the colored layer 134, the insulating layer 220, the opening 251, and is emitted to the substrate 361 side via the conductive layer 313 and the like.

[0235] As shown in FIG. 19, the opening 251 is provided with a conductive layer 311a that transmits visible light. In this way, even in the area overlapping with the opening 251, Since the liquid crystal 312 is oriented in the same manner as in the other regions, poor alignment of the liquid crystal occurs at the boundary between these regions. This can prevent unintended light leakage.

[0236] Here, a linear polarizing plate may be used as the polarizing plate 130 disposed on the outer surface of the substrate 361. However, a circular polarizer can also be used. For example, a linear polarizer and a 1 / 4 wave A laminate of long retardation plates can be used. This can suppress the reflection of external light. In addition, a light diffusion plate may be provided to suppress reflection of external light. Depending on the type, the cell gap, orientation, driving voltage, etc. of the liquid crystal element used in the liquid crystal element 340 are adjusted. In this way, a desired contrast can be achieved.

[0237] An insulating layer 217 is provided on the insulating layer 216 that covers the end of the conductive layer 191. The layer 217 serves as a spacer to prevent the insulating layer 220 and the substrate 351 from coming closer than necessary. The EL layer 192 and the conductive layer 193a are covered with a shielding mask (metal mask). In the case where the mask is formed using the above, a masking layer is provided to prevent the mask from coming into contact with the surface on which the mask is to be formed. Note that the insulating layer 217 does not have to be provided if it is not necessary.

[0238] One of the source and drain of the transistor 205 is connected to the light-emitting element via the conductive layer 224. It is electrically connected to the conductive layer 191 of 360 .

[0239] One of the source and drain of the transistor 206 is connected to the conductive layer 3 via a connection 207. The conductive layer 311b and the conductive layer 311a are provided in contact with each other. These are electrically connected. Here, the connection portion 207 is provided on the insulating layer 220. This is a portion that connects the conductive layers provided on both sides of the insulating layer 220 together via the opening.

[0240] A connection portion 204 is provided in the area where the substrate 351 and the substrate 361 do not overlap. The connection portion 204 is electrically connected to the FPC 372 via the connection layer 242. 04 has the same structure as the connection portion 207. The upper surface of the connection portion 204 is a conductive layer 311a The conductive layer obtained by processing the same conductive film as that in the first embodiment is exposed. The FPC 372 can be electrically connected via the connection layer 242.

[0241] A connection portion 252 is provided in a portion of the area where the adhesive layer 161 is provided. In 52, a conductive layer obtained by processing the same conductive film as the conductive layer 311a and the conductive layer 31 3 is electrically connected to the substrate 361 by the connector 243. A signal input from an FPC 372 connected to the substrate 351 side is input to the formed conductive layer 313. Alternatively, the potential can be supplied via connection 252 .

[0242] The connector 243 may be, for example, a conductive particle. For this purpose, it is possible to use particles of organic resin or silica coated with a metal material. It is preferable to use nickel or gold as the metal material because it is possible to reduce the contact resistance. Particles coated with layers of two or more metal materials, such as nickel coated with gold, are It is preferable to use a material that is elastically deformable or plastically deformable as the connector 243. In this case, the connectors 243, which are conductive particles, are preferably used as shown in FIG. In this way, the connector 243 and the electric This increases the contact area with the electrically conductive layer, reducing contact resistance and preventing connection failures. The occurrence of such defects can be suppressed.

[0243] The connector 243 is preferably disposed so as to be covered with the adhesive layer 161. For example, The connectors 243 may be dispersed in the adhesive layer 161 before curing.

[0244] FIG. 19 shows an example of a circuit 364 in which a transistor 201 is provided. do.

[0245] In FIG. 19, transistors 201 and 205 are shown as examples in which the channel is shaped The semiconductor layer 231 is sandwiched between two gates. The first gate is a conductive layer 221, and the second gate is a conductive layer overlapping with the semiconductor layer 231 via the insulating layer 212. With this configuration, the threshold voltage of the transistor is In this case, two gates are connected and the same signal is applied to them. Such a transistor may be driven by supplying a It is possible to increase the field effect mobility compared to transistors, thereby increasing the on-current. As a result, a circuit capable of high speed operation can be fabricated. It is possible to reduce the area occupied by the path portion. Applying a transistor with a large on-current This allows the number of wiring lines to be increased when display panels are made larger or more precise. It is possible to reduce signal delay in the wiring, and to suppress display unevenness.

[0246] Note that the transistors in the circuit 364 and the transistors in the display portion 362 are the same. The transistors in the circuit 364 may all have the same structure. Alternatively, transistors having different structures may be used in combination. The multiple transistors in 362 may all have the same structure, or may have different structures. Transistors may also be used in combination.

[0247] At least one of the insulating layers 212 and 213 that cover the transistors is resistant to water and hydrogen. It is preferable to use a material in which impurities are not easily diffused, such as the insulating layer 212. In this case, the insulating layer 213 can function as a barrier film. It is possible to effectively suppress the diffusion of impurities into the transistor from the outside. This makes it possible to realize a highly reliable display panel.

[0248] On the substrate 361 side, an insulating layer 218 is provided to cover the colored layer 135 and the light-shielding layer 136. The insulating layer 218 may function as a planarizing layer. Since the surface of the conductive layer 313 can be made substantially flat, the alignment state of the liquid crystal 312 can be made uniform. .

[0249] [Cross-section example 2] In addition, in the display panel of one embodiment of the present invention, a first The first transistor and the second transistor may have an overlapping region. By adopting such a configuration, the area per pixel can be made smaller, and high-definition images can be displayed. Therefore, a display panel with a high pixel density can be formed.

[0250] For example, a transistor 205 for driving a light-emitting element 360; The transistor 208 may have an overlapping region. A transistor 206 for driving the element 340, a transistor 205 and a transistor One of the stadia 208 may be configured to have an overlapping region.

[0251] [Cross-section example 3] As shown in FIG. 21, a display panel according to an embodiment of the present invention is a display panel 300a. The display panel 300b may be attached via an adhesive layer 50. The display unit 300a includes a liquid crystal element 340 and a transistor 206 in a display unit 362a. The transistor 201a is included in the circuit 364a that drives the display panel 300b. The display unit 362b includes a light emitting element 360 and transistors 205 and 208. A circuit 364b that drives the transistor 362b includes a transistor 201b.

[0252] With this configuration, each of the display panels 300a and 300b A suitable manufacturing process can be used, and product yield can be improved.

[0253] [About each component] Each of the above components will be described below.

[0254] 〔substrate〕 A material having a flat surface can be used for the substrate of the display panel. The substrate from which the light is extracted is made of a material that transmits the light. For example, glass, quartz, Materials such as ceramic, sapphire, and organic resins can be used.

[0255] By using a thin substrate, the display panel can be made lighter and thinner. Furthermore, by using a substrate having a thickness sufficient to provide flexibility, a flexible display panel can be realized. It can be realized.

[0256] In addition, the substrate on the side from which light is not extracted does not need to have light-transmitting properties. In addition to the above-mentioned substrate, a metal substrate or the like can also be used. Metal substrates have high thermal conductivity and the entire substrate Since heat can be easily transferred to the body, localized temperature increases in the display panel can be suppressed. In order to obtain flexibility and bendability, the thickness of the metal substrate is preferably 10 μm or more and 200 μm or less. The thickness is preferably 20 μm or less and more preferably 50 μm or less.

[0257] The material constituting the metal substrate is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include aluminum, copper, and nickel. Metals such as nickel, or alloys such as aluminum alloys and stainless steel are preferably used. It is possible.

[0258] In addition, insulating treatment is performed by oxidizing the surface of the metal substrate or forming an insulating film on the surface. For example, a coating method such as spin coating or dipping may be used. The insulating film may be formed by electrodeposition, vapor deposition, sputtering, or the like. In addition to leaving it in an atmosphere or heating it, an oxide film is formed on the surface of the substrate by anodizing or other methods. It may be formed.

[0259] As a material that is flexible and transparent to visible light, for example, polyethylene terephthalate is used. Polyester resins such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), Polyacrylonitrile resin, polyimide resin, polymethyl methacrylate resin, polycarbonate Polycarbonate (PC) resin, Polyethersulfone (PES) resin, Polyamide resin, Cyclo Olefin resin, polystyrene resin, polyamide-imide resin, polyvinyl chloride resin, poly Tetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) resin, etc. In particular, materials with a low thermal expansion coefficient For example, a thermal expansion coefficient of 30×10 -6 Polyamides below / K The material that can be suitably used is a resin such as an imide resin, a polyimide resin, or PET. Substrates with fibers impregnated with organic resin or substrates with inorganic fillers mixed into organic resin to reduce the thermal expansion coefficient. A substrate made of such a material is light in weight, so that the substrate can be easily mounted. The display panel used can also be made lightweight.

[0260] When the above-mentioned materials contain fibrous bodies, the fibrous bodies are made of high strength organic or inorganic compounds. High strength fibers are specifically fibers with high tensile modulus or Young's modulus. Representative examples are polyvinyl alcohol fibers, polyester fibers, and polyvinyl alcohol fibers. Mid fiber, polyethylene fiber, aramid fiber, polyparaphenylene benzobisoxy Examples of the fiberglass include Sasol fiber, glass fiber, and carbon fiber. Examples of glass fibers include those made of glass fiber such as sappan, S-glass, D-glass, and Q-glass. Alternatively, it is used in the form of a nonwoven fabric, and the structure in which the fiber body is impregnated with resin and the resin is hardened is formed by using a microfiber. The flexible substrate may be a substrate made of a fiber and a resin. The use of such a structure is preferred because it improves reliability against damage caused by bending or localized pressure. It is.

[0261] Alternatively, glass, metal, or the like that is thin enough to be flexible may be used for the substrate. Alternatively, a composite material in which glass and a resin material are bonded together with an adhesive layer may be used.

[0262] A hard coat layer (e.g., For example, silicon nitride, aluminum oxide, etc.) or a layer of material capable of dispersing pressure (for example, aluminum In addition, the life of the display element may be reduced by moisture, etc. In order to suppress the above, an insulating film with low water permeability may be laminated on a flexible substrate. For example, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, silicon nitride oxide, aluminum oxide, nitrogen For example, an inorganic insulating material such as aluminum oxide can be used.

[0263] The substrate may be formed by laminating a plurality of layers. In particular, the substrate may have a glass layer. This improves the barrier properties against water and oxygen, making it possible to provide a highly reliable display panel. .

[0264] [Transistor] The transistor includes a conductive layer functioning as a gate electrode, a semiconductor layer, and a a conductive layer that functions as a drain electrode; and a conductive layer that functions as a gate insulating layer. The above describes the case where a bottom-gate transistor is used. is.

[0265] Note that the structure of a transistor included in a display device of one embodiment of the present invention is not particularly limited. For example, a planar type transistor or a staggered type transistor may be used. Alternatively, a top-gate or bottom-gate transistor may be used. Alternatively, gate electrodes may be provided above and below the channel. It may be possible to use

[0266] The crystallinity of the semiconductor material used in the transistor is not particularly limited. Semiconductors with crystallinity (microcrystalline semiconductors, polycrystalline semiconductors, single crystal semiconductors, or partially crystalline semiconductors) If a semiconductor having crystallinity is used, the transistor This is preferable because it is possible to suppress deterioration of the transistor characteristics.

[0267] In addition, the semiconductor material used in transistors must have an energy gap of 2 eV or more. It is preferable to use a metal oxide having a polarization energy of 2.5 eV or more, and more preferably 3 eV or more. A typical example is an oxide semiconductor containing indium. C-OS, etc. can be used.

[0268] Using oxide semiconductors that have a wider band gap and lower carrier density than silicon The transistor has a low off-state current, so the capacitance element connected in series with the transistor It is possible for the charge stored in the capacitor to be held for a long period of time.

[0269] The semiconductor layer may be, for example, indium, zinc, and M (aluminum, titanium, gallium, germanium, etc.). Rumanium, yttrium, zirconium, lanthanum, cerium, tin, neodymium or The film can be expressed as an In-M-Zn oxide film containing metals such as hafnium. .

[0270] When the oxide semiconductor constituting the semiconductor layer is an In-M-Zn oxide, The atomic ratio of metal elements in the sputtering target used to form a film of the oxide is In≧ It is preferable that M and Zn satisfy the condition M. The atomic ratio of In:M:Zn is 1:1:1, In:M:Zn is 1:1:1.2, and I n:M:Zn=3:1:2, In:M:Zn=4:2:3, In:M:Zn=4:2:4 .1, In:M:Zn=5:1:6, In:M:Zn=5:1:7, In:M:Zn=5 The atomic ratio of the semiconductor layers to be formed is preferably 1:1:8. The atomic ratio of metal elements contained in the target varies by ±40%. .

[0271] The bottom-gate transistor described in this embodiment can reduce the manufacturing process. In addition, the use of an oxide semiconductor allows the film to be formed at a lower temperature than polycrystalline silicon. The material used for wiring and electrodes below the semiconductor layer and for the substrate is a material with low heat resistance. The range of materials that can be used is widened. For example, A glass substrate having a large area can be suitably used.

[0272] For the semiconductor layer, an oxide semiconductor film having a low carrier density is used. For example, , the carrier density is 1×10 17 / cm 3 Less than or equal to 1×10 15 / cm 3 Below, More preferably, 1×10 13 / cm 3 Less than or equal to 1×10 11 / cm 3 below, More preferably, 1×10 10 / cm 3 Less than 1 x 10 -9 / cm 3 More than 10 ... Such oxide semiconductors can be used as high-purity intrinsic or substantially high-purity oxide semiconductors. This is called an intrinsic oxide semiconductor. This has a low impurity concentration and a low defect state density. Therefore, it can be said that the oxide semiconductor has stable characteristics.

[0273] In addition, the semiconductor characteristics and electrical characteristics (electric field characteristics) of the required transistors are not limited to these. It is sufficient to use a material with an appropriate composition depending on the characteristics of the device (e.g., effective mobility, threshold voltage, etc.). In order to obtain the semiconductor characteristics of a transistor, the carrier density, impurity concentration, and defect density of the semiconductor layer are It is preferable to appropriately set the recess density, the atomic ratio of metal elements to oxygen, the interatomic distance, the density, etc. It is.

[0274] In the oxide semiconductor that constitutes the semiconductor layer, silicon and carbon, which are group 14 elements, If oxygen is contained in the semiconductor layer, oxygen vacancies increase and the semiconductor layer becomes n-type. The concentrations of silicon and carbon in the body layer (obtained by secondary ion mass spectrometry) were ×10 18 atoms / cm 3 Less than or equal to 2×10 17 atoms / cm 3 Below and do.

[0275] In addition, when alkali metals and alkaline earth metals combine with oxide semiconductors, they form carriers. This can cause the off-state current of the transistor to increase. Alkali metal or alkaline earth metals in the conductor layer obtained by secondary ion mass spectrometry The concentration of the genus is 1×10 18 atoms / cm 3 Less than or equal to 2×10 16 atoms / cm 3 To the following:

[0276] In addition, when nitrogen is contained in the oxide semiconductor that constitutes the semiconductor layer, the electron This causes an increase in carrier density, making it easier to convert to n-type. Transistors using semiconductors tend to have normally-on characteristics. Therefore, the nitrogen concentration obtained by secondary ion mass spectrometry in the semiconductor layer should preferably be 5×10 18 atoms / cm 3 or less.

[0277] Also, the semiconductor layer may have, for example, a non-single crystal structure. The non-single crystal structure includes, for example, CAAC-OS (C-Axis Aligned Crystalline Oxide Semiconductor, or C-Axis Aligned and A-B-plane Anchored Crystalline Oxide Semiconductor) having crystals oriented along the c-axis, a polycrystalline structure, a microcrystalline structure, or an amorphous structure. Among non-single crystal structures, the amorphous structure has the highest density of defect levels, and CAAC-OS has the lowest density of defect levels. ine Oxide Semiconductor, or C-Axis Align ed and A-B-plane Anchored Crystalline Ox ide Semiconductor), a polycrystalline structure, a microcrystalline structure, or an amorphous structure. In the non-single crystal structure, the amorphous structure has the highest density of defect levels, and CAAC-OS has the lowest density of defect levels. The oxide semiconductor film with an amorphous structure has, for example, a disordered atomic arrangement and no crystal component. Or, the oxide film with an amorphous structure has, for example, a completely amorphous structure and no crystal part. The oxide semiconductor film with an amorphous structure has, for example, a disordered atomic arrangement and no crystal component. Or, the oxide film with an amorphous structure has, for example, a completely amorphous structure and no crystal part.

[0278] Note that the semiconductor layer may be a mixed film having two or more of an amorphous structure region, a microcrystalline structure region, a polycrystalline structure region, a CAAC-OS region, and a single crystal structure region. The mixed film may have, for example, a single-layer structure or a stacked structure including any two or more of the above-described regions. Note that the semiconductor layer may be a mixed film having two or more of an amorphous structure region, a microcrystalline structure region, a polycrystalline structure region, a CAAC-OS region, and a single crystal structure region. The mixed film may have, for example, a single-layer structure or a stacked structure including any two or more of the above-described regions. Note that the semiconductor layer may be a mixed film having two or more of an amorphous structure region, a microcrystalline structure region, a polycrystalline structure region, a CAAC-OS region, and a single crystal structure region. The mixed film may have, for example, a single-layer structure or a stacked structure including any two or more of the above-described regions.

[0279] Note that the semiconductor layer may be a mixed film having two or more of an amorphous structure region, a microcrystalline structure region, a polycrystalline structure region, a CAAC-OS region, and a single crystal structure region. The mixed film may have, for example, a single-layer structure or a stacked structure including any two or more of the above-described regions. C-OS region, and a single crystal structure region. The mixed film may have, for example, a single-layer structure or a stacked structure including any two or more of the above-described regions. The mixed film may have, for example, a single-layer structure or a stacked structure including any two or more of the above-described regions. The mixed film may have, for example, a single-layer structure or a stacked structure including any two or more of the above-described regions.

[0280] <Configuration of CAAC-OS> Hereinafter, CAC (C This paper explains the configuration of the Multicloud Aligned Composite Operating System (MSO).

[0281] CAC-OS is, for example, an oxide semiconductor in which the elements constituting the oxide semiconductor are 0.5 nm to 10 nm thick. A material having a size of 1 nm or more and 2 nm or less, or a size close to that range, is unevenly distributed. In the following, one or more metal elements are included in the oxide semiconductor. The region having the metal element is unevenly distributed and has a size of 0.5 nm to 10 nm, preferably 1 nm A mixture of particles with sizes between 1 m and 2 nm or close to that size is called a mosaic or patch. It is also called a state.

[0282] Note that the oxide semiconductor preferably contains at least indium. In addition to these, aluminum, gallium, iridium, and zinc are preferably included. tritium, copper, vanadium, beryllium, boron, silicon, titanium, iron, nickel, Germanium, zirconium, molybdenum, lanthanum, cerium, neodymium, hafnium , tantalum, tungsten, magnesium, etc. It may be included.

[0283] For example, CAC-OS in In-Ga-Zn oxide (In- The Ga-Zn oxide may be specifically referred to as CAC-IGZO. (hereinafter referred to as InO X1 (X1 is a real number greater than 0.) or Indium Zinc Oxide (hereinafter, In X2 Zinc Y2 O Z2 (X2, Y2, and Z2 are real numbers greater than 0. ) and gallium oxide (GaO X3(X3 is a real number greater than 0) ), or gallium zinc oxide (Ga X4 Zinc Y4 O Z4 (X4, Y4, and Z1 and Z2 are real numbers greater than 0.) The material is separated into a mosaic pattern. The mosaic-like InO X1 , or In X2 Zinc Y2 O Z2 is uniformly distributed in the film. This is a configuration (hereinafter also referred to as a cloud-like configuration).

[0284] In other words, CAC-OS is X3 The region where In is the main component and X2 Zinc Y2 O Z2 , or InO X1 A composite oxide semiconductor having a structure in which a region in which In this specification, for example, the number of In atoms relative to the element M in the first region is The first region has a ratio of In to the element M that is greater than the atomic ratio of In to the element M in the second region. It is assumed that the concentration of In is higher than that of the second region.

[0285] IGZO is a common name and refers to a compound made of In, Ga, Zn, and O. A typical example is InGaO3(ZnO). m1 (m1 is a natural number), or In (1+x0) Ga (1-x0) O3(ZnO) m0 (-1≦x0≦1, m0 is an arbitrary number) Examples of the crystalline compound include those represented by the following formula:

[0286] The crystalline compound has a single crystal structure, a polycrystalline structure, or a CAAC structure. The CAAC structure is a structure in which multiple IGZO nanocrystals have a c-axis orientation and are aligned on the ab plane. In the case of ZnO, the crystal structure is non-oriented and connected.

[0287] On the other hand, CAC-OS refers to the material composition of an oxide semiconductor. In a material composition containing Ga, Zn, and O, some of the nanoparticles are mainly composed of Ga. The region where In is observed as a nanoparticle and the region where In is observed as a nanoparticle are mainly composed of In are shown in Fig. Therefore, in CAC-OS, , crystal structure is a secondary factor.

[0288] Note that CAC-OS does not include a laminated structure of two or more films with different compositions. For example, a structure consisting of two layers, one containing In as the main component and the other containing Ga as the main component, Not at all.

[0289] In addition, GaO X3 The region where In is the main component and X2 Zinc Y2 O Z2 , or InO X1 In some cases, it may be difficult to observe a clear boundary between the region in which the main component is the

[0290] Instead of gallium, aluminum, yttrium, copper, vanadium, and beryllium are used. Aluminum, boron, silicon, titanium, iron, nickel, germanium, zirconium, molybdenum lanthanum, cerium, neodymium, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, or magnesium If one or more selected species from the group consisting of uranium, uranium, etc. are included, CAC-OS will In one area, the metal element is observed to be the main component in the form of nanoparticles, and in another area, In is the main component. The nanoparticle-like regions are randomly distributed in a mosaic pattern. This refers to.

[0291] CAC-OS is formed by sputtering without intentionally heating the substrate. In addition, when the CAC-OS is formed by a sputtering method, the deposition gas The gas is selected from an inert gas (typically argon), oxygen gas, and nitrogen gas. In addition, the ratio of the acid to the total flow rate of the deposition gas during deposition may be The lower the flow rate ratio of the oxygen gas, the more preferable. For example, the flow rate ratio of the oxygen gas is set to 0% or more and less than 30%. It is preferable to set the range to 0% or more and 10% or less.

[0292] CAC-OS is a method for measuring X-ray diffraction (XRD). When measured using the out-of-plane θ / 2θ scan, In other words, no clear peaks are observed in the measurement area from the X-ray diffraction. It can be seen that the orientation of the regions in the ab plane direction and the c-axis direction is not observed.

[0293] In addition, CAC-OS uses an electron beam with a probe diameter of 1 nm (also called a nanobeam electron beam). In the electron beam diffraction pattern obtained by irradiating the sample with light, a ring-shaped region of high brightness and Several bright spots are observed in the ring region. Therefore, the electron diffraction pattern indicates that CAC The crystal structure of -OS has no orientation in the planar direction and cross-sectional direction. It can be seen that the crystalline structure is (no-crystal).

[0294] For example, in the case of CAC-OS using In-Ga-Zn oxide, the energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX: Energy Dispersive X-ray spectrometry) The EDX mapping obtained using oscopy revealed that GaO X3The area where is the main component Area and In X2 Zinc Y2 O Z2 , or InO X1 The areas where the main component is It can be confirmed that the structure matches.

[0295] CAC-OS has a structure different from that of IGZO compounds in which metal elements are uniformly distributed. It has different properties from GZO compounds. That is, CAC-OS is GaO X3 The main components are and the region where In X2 Zinc Y2 O Z2 , or InO X1 The region where is the main component and the region where is The phase is gradually separated, and the regions each consisting of one element as a main component are arranged in a mosaic pattern.

[0296] Here, In X2 Zinc Y2 O Z2 , or InO X1 The area where GaO is the main component X This is a region with high conductivity compared to the region where In 3 is the main component. X2 Zinc Y2 O Z2 , or InO X1 The carriers flow through the area where the main component is oxygen. Therefore, the In X2 Zinc Y2 O Z2 , or I nO X1 The regions where the main component is ZnO are distributed in a cloud-like shape in the oxide semiconductor, resulting in a high electric field. Field effect mobility (μ) can be realized.

[0297] On the other hand, GaO X3 The region where the main components are In X2 Zinc Y2 O Z2, or InO X1 This region has higher insulating properties than the region where GaO is the main component. X3 etc. By distributing the region in which the main component is Switching operation can be achieved.

[0298] Therefore, when CAC-OS is used in a semiconductor device, GaO X3 Insulation due to Sex and In X2 Zinc Y2 O Z2 , or InO X1 The conductivity caused by the This allows for a high on-state current (I on ), and high field-effect mobility (μ It is possible.

[0299] In addition, semiconductor devices using CAC-OS have high reliability. This is ideal for a variety of semiconductor devices including displays.

[0300] Alternatively, silicon may be used as the semiconductor in which the channel of the transistor is formed. Although amorphous silicon may be used as the capacitor, it is particularly preferable to use silicon having crystallinity. For example, microcrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, single crystal silicon, etc. are used. In particular, polycrystalline silicon can be formed at a lower temperature than single crystal silicon. It also has higher field effect mobility and higher reliability than amorphous silicon.

[0301] The bottom-gate transistor described in this embodiment can reduce the manufacturing process. In addition, the use of amorphous silicon in this case is preferable compared to polycrystalline silicon. Since it can be formed at low temperatures, it is highly resistant and can be used as a material for wiring and electrodes below the semiconductor layer, and as a material for substrates. The possibility of using low-heat materials allows for a wider range of material choices. For example, a very large glass substrate can be used. Since the impurity region of the transistor is easily formed in a self-aligned manner, the characteristics of the transistor are not uniform. In this case, it is preferable to use polycrystalline silicon or single crystal silicon. This is suitable for use in situations where

[0302] [Conductive Layer] In addition to the gates, sources, and drains of transistors, various wiring and Materials that can be used for the conductive layers such as electrodes include aluminum, titanium, chromium, and titanium alloys. Aluminum, nickel, copper, yttrium, zirconium, molybdenum, silver, tantalum, or thallium Examples of the metals include tin and tin oxide, and alloys containing tin as the main component. Films containing the materials can be used as single layers or as multilayer structures. For example, silicon A single-layer structure of an aluminum film containing titanium, a two-layer structure of an aluminum film laminated on a titanium film, A two-layer structure in which an aluminum film is laminated on a stainless steel film, and a copper-magnesium-aluminum alloy Two-layer structure with copper film laminated on gold film, two-layer structure with copper film laminated on titanium film, tungsten A two-layer structure in which a copper film is laminated on top of a titanium film or titanium nitride film is laminated on top of that with an aluminum film. A titanium or copper film is laminated on top of the titanium or titanium nitride film. Layer structure, molybdenum film or molybdenum nitride film, and aluminum film or A three-layer structure in which a copper film is laminated and a molybdenum film or molybdenum nitride film is further formed on top of the copper film. Incidentally, oxides such as indium oxide, tin oxide, and zinc oxide may also be used. In addition, the use of copper containing manganese is preferable because it improves the controllability of the shape by etching. .

[0303] Examples of the conductive material having a light-transmitting property include indium oxide, indium tin oxide, and indium tin oxide. Conductive oxides such as indium zinc oxide, zinc oxide, zinc oxide doped with gallium, or Graphene can be used. Alternatively, gold, silver, platinum, magnesium, nickel, tin, etc. such as tin, chromium, molybdenum, iron, cobalt, copper, palladium, or titanium. Metallic materials and alloy materials containing the metallic materials can be used. Alternatively, a metal material, an alloy material (or a combination thereof) may be used. In the case of using these nitrides, it is sufficient to make them thin enough to have light transmission. A laminated film of a material can be used as the conductive layer. For example, a silver-magnesium alloy and an insulator can be used. It is preferable to use a laminated film of dilute tin oxide or the like, since the electrical conductivity can be increased. These include conductive layers such as various wiring and electrodes that constitute the display device, and conductive layers of the display element. The conductive layer may also be used as a pixel electrode or a common electrode.

[0304] [Insulating layer] Examples of insulating materials that can be used for each insulating layer include acrylic and epoxy. In addition to resins and resins with siloxane bonds, silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, silicon oxynitride Inorganic insulating materials such as silicon, silicon nitride, and aluminum oxide can also be used.

[0305] In addition, the light emitting element is preferably provided between a pair of insulating films with low water permeability. This makes it possible to prevent impurities such as water from entering the light emitting element, and thus prevents a decrease in the reliability of the device. It can be suppressed.

[0306] Insulating films with low water permeability include silicon nitride films and silicon oxynitride films, which are made of nitrogen and silicon. and films containing nitrogen and aluminum, such as an aluminum nitride film. A silicon oxide film, a silicon oxynitride film, an aluminum oxide film, or the like may also be used.

[0307] For example, the water vapor permeability of a low-permeability insulating film is 1×10 -5 [g / (m 2 ·day) ] or less, preferably 1 × 10 -6 [g / (m 2 ·day)] or less, preferably 1×1 0 -7 [g / (m 2 ·day)] or less, and more preferably 1×10 -8 [g / (m 2 d ay)] below.

[0308] [Liquid crystal element] The liquid crystal element may be, for example, a vertical alignment (VA) A liquid crystal element in which the vertical alignment mode is applied can be used. Multi-Domain Vertical Alignment mode, PVA( Patterned Vertical Alignment) mode, ASV (Adv Anced Super View mode, etc. can be used.

[0309] In addition, the liquid crystal element may be a liquid crystal element to which various modes are applied. For example, in addition to VA mode, TN (Twisted Nematic) mode, IPS (In -Plane-Switching mode, FFS (Fringe Field Switching) mode itching) mode, ASM(Axially Symmetric aligne) d Micro-cell mode, OCB (Optically Compensated ed Birefringence mode, FLC (Ferroelectric L iquid Crystal mode, AFLC (AntiFerroelectric) Liquid crystal elements using the Liquid Crystal (LC) mode can be used. .

[0310] The liquid crystal element is a device that controls the transmission or non-transmission of light by the optical modulation action of liquid crystal. The optical modulation of liquid crystals is achieved by the electric field applied to the liquid crystal (horizontal electric field, vertical electric field). The liquid crystal used in the liquid crystal element is controlled by a These include thermotropic liquid crystal, low molecular weight liquid crystal, polymer liquid crystal, and polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC). : Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal), Ferroelectric Liquid These liquid crystal materials can be used as colloidal liquid crystals, antiferroelectric liquid crystals, etc. It shows telic phase, smectic phase, cubic phase, chiral nematic phase, isotropic phase, etc. .

[0311] As the liquid crystal material, either a positive type liquid crystal or a negative type liquid crystal may be used. It is only necessary to use an optimum liquid crystal material depending on the mode and design to be applied.

[0312] In addition, an alignment film can be provided to control the alignment of the liquid crystal. When adopting this method, liquid crystals exhibiting a blue phase without using an alignment film may be used. When the temperature of a cholesteric liquid crystal is increased, the cholesteric phase changes to the isotropic phase. The blue phase appears only in a narrow temperature range, so it is difficult to distinguish between the two. In order to improve the range, a liquid crystal composition containing a chiral agent of several weight percent or more is used in the liquid crystal layer. A liquid crystal composition containing a liquid crystal exhibiting a blue phase and a chiral agent has a short response time and optically isotropic In addition, the liquid crystal composition containing the liquid crystal exhibiting the blue phase and the chiral agent does not require alignment treatment. In addition, no alignment film is required, and the viewing angle dependency is small. This prevents electrostatic damage caused by rubbing, and This can reduce defects and damage to the liquid crystal display device during the manufacturing process.

[0313] The liquid crystal element may be a transmissive liquid crystal element, a reflective liquid crystal element, or a semi-transmissive liquid crystal element. An element or the like can be used.

[0314] In one embodiment of the present invention, a reflective liquid crystal element can be used in particular.

[0315] When using a transmissive or semi-transmissive liquid crystal element, two polarizing A backlight is provided on the outer side of the polarizing plate. It may be a direct-light type backlight or an edge-light type backlight. Direct backlight equipped with LED (Light Emitting Diode) This makes local dimming easier and increases contrast. In addition, when an edge-light type backlight is used, the module including the backlight can be displayed more clearly. This is preferable because it allows the thickness of the module to be reduced.

[0316] When using a reflective liquid crystal element, a polarizing plate is provided on the display surface side. It is preferable to place a light diffusion plate on the display surface side, since this improves visibility.

[0317] In addition, when using a reflective or semi-transmissive liquid crystal element, a freon is placed on the outside of the polarizing plate. As the front light, an edge light type front light may be provided. It is preferable to use LED (Light Emitting Diode) The use of a front light is preferable since it reduces power consumption.

[0318] [Light-emitting element] The light-emitting element may be a self-emitting element that can emit light by applying a current or voltage. This category includes elements whose brightness can be controlled. For example, LEDs, organic EL elements, inorganic EL elements, etc. An L element or the like can be used.

[0319] The light-emitting elements are top emission type, bottom emission type, and dual emission type. The electrode that extracts the light uses a conductive film that transmits visible light. For the electrode on the side from which light is not extracted, it is preferable to use a conductive film that reflects visible light.

[0320] The EL layer has at least a light-emitting layer. The EL layer has a hole-injecting layer as a layer other than the light-emitting layer. high hole transporting material, hole blocking material, high electron transporting material, electron injection highly conductive or bipolar substances (substances with high electron transport and hole transport properties), etc. The film may further include a layer comprising:

[0321] The EL layer can be made of either low molecular weight or high molecular weight compounds. Each of the layers constituting the EL layer may be formed by deposition (including vacuum deposition). ), a transfer method, a printing method, an ink-jet method, a coating method, or the like.

[0322] When a voltage higher than the threshold voltage of the light-emitting element is applied between the cathode and anode, the EL layer is charged from the anode side. Holes are injected from the cathode side, and electrons are injected from the cathode side. The injected electrons and holes are These molecules recombine and the luminescent material contained in the EL layer emits light.

[0323] When a white-emitting light-emitting element is used as the light-emitting element, two or more types of light-emitting elements are used in the EL layer. For example, the light emitted by two or more luminescent materials may be of complementary colors. By selecting a light-emitting material so as to satisfy the above relationship, white light can be obtained. For example, Luminescent substances that emit light of R (red), G (green), B (blue), Y (yellow), O (orange), etc. Or, among luminescent materials that emit light containing two or more of the spectral components of R, G, and B, It is preferable that the spectrum of the light emitted from the light emitting element is in the visible light region. A light-emitting element having two or more peaks within a wavelength range (e.g., 350 nm to 750 nm) It is preferable to apply the above-mentioned method. Also, the emission spectrum of the material having a peak in the yellow wavelength region is preferably a material that also has spectral components in the green and red wavelength regions.

[0324] The EL layer is made up of a light-emitting layer containing a light-emitting material that emits one color and a light-emitting layer containing a light-emitting material that emits another color. For example, a plurality of light-emitting layers in the EL layer are preferably laminated. The layers may be stacked in contact with each other or separated by an area that does not contain any luminescent material. For example, a fluorescent-emitting layer or a phosphorescent-emitting layer may be laminated between the fluorescent-emitting layer and the phosphorescent-emitting layer. The phosphorescent layer contains the same materials (e.g., host material, assist material) as the phosphorescent layer, and both of the emitting layers A region that does not contain any optical material may be provided. This makes it easier to manufacture the light-emitting element. In addition, the driving voltage is reduced.

[0325] The light-emitting element may be a single element having one EL layer, or a light-emitting element having multiple EL layers. and a charge generating layer interposed therebetween to form a tandem element.

[0326] The conductive film that transmits visible light is, for example, indium oxide, indium tin oxide, indium It can be formed using zinc oxide, zinc oxide, zinc oxide doped with gallium, etc. In addition, gold, silver, platinum, magnesium, nickel, tungsten, chromium, molybdenum Metallic materials such as iron, cobalt, copper, palladium, or titanium, including these metallic materials Alloys and nitrides of these metal materials (e.g., titanium nitride) also have a degree of translucency. In addition, a laminated film of the above materials can be used as a conductive layer. For example, a laminated film of an alloy of silver and magnesium and indium tin oxide can be used. The use of such a material is preferable because it can increase the electrical conductivity. Graphene, etc. may also be used. stomach.

[0327] The conductive film that reflects visible light is made of, for example, aluminum, gold, platinum, silver, nickel, tungsten, etc. Metallic materials such as stainless steel, chromium, molybdenum, iron, cobalt, copper, or palladium, In addition, the above-mentioned metal materials and alloys may be used. In addition, titanium, nickel, neodymium, germanium, etc. may be added. Alternatively, an alloy containing aluminum (aluminum alloy) and neodymium may be used. Also, an alloy containing copper, palladium, magnesium, and silver may be used. Gold is preferred because of its high heat resistance. By laminating a metal film or a metal oxide film in contact with the metal, oxidation can be suppressed. Examples of materials for such metal films and metal oxide films include titanium and titanium oxide. In addition, the conductive film that transmits visible light may be laminated with a film made of a metal material. For example, silver and indium tin oxide laminated film, and silver-magnesium alloy and indium tin oxide laminated film etc. can be used.

[0328] The electrodes may be formed by vapor deposition or sputtering. Using a discharge method such as the ink jet method, a printing method such as the screen printing method, or a plating method It can be formed.

[0329] In addition, the above-mentioned light-emitting layer, the substance having a high hole-injecting property, the substance having a high hole-transporting property, the The layer including a substance having a high electron transporting property, a substance having a high electron injecting property, a bipolar substance, etc. They are inorganic compounds such as quantum dots and polymer compounds (oligomers, dendrimers, polymers, etc.) For example, by using quantum dots in the light-emitting layer, It can also function as a

[0330] The quantum dot materials include colloidal quantum dot materials, alloy quantum dot materials, Core-shell type quantum dot materials, core type quantum dot materials, etc. can be used. , materials containing elements from groups 12 and 16, 13 and 15, or 14 and 16 Alternatively, cadmium, selenium, zinc, sulfur, phosphorus, indium, tellurium, Quantum dot materials containing elements such as lead, gallium, arsenic, and aluminum may also be used.

[0331] [Adhesive layer] The adhesive layer may be a light-curing adhesive such as an ultraviolet-curing adhesive, a reaction-curing adhesive, or a heat-curing adhesive. Various curing adhesives such as viscoelastic adhesives, anaerobic adhesives, etc. can be used. Epoxy resin, acrylic resin, silicone resin, phenolic resin, polyimide resin, imide resin, PVC (polyvinyl chloride) resin, PVB (polyvinyl butyral) resin, E VA (ethylene vinyl acetate) resin, etc. In particular, the moisture permeability of epoxy resin, etc. A material with low adhesion is preferable. Two-part mixed resin may also be used. It may be used.

[0332] The resin may contain a desiccant. For example, an oxide of an alkaline earth metal (an acid The material used is one that adsorbs moisture by chemical adsorption, such as calcium chloride or barium oxide. Alternatively, materials such as zeolite and silica gel can absorb water by physical adsorption. If a desiccant is included, impurities such as moisture may enter the element. This is preferable because it can suppress the occurrence of the problem of the noise and improve the reliability of the display panel.

[0333] In addition, by mixing a filler with a high refractive index or a light scattering material into the resin, it is possible to improve the light extraction efficiency. For example, titanium oxide, barium oxide, zeolite, and di Ruthenium, etc. can be used.

[0334] [Connection Layer] The connection layer is made of anisotropic conductive film (ACF). conductive film) and anisotropic conductive paste (ACP) Conductive Paste) can be used.

[0335] [Colored layer] Materials that can be used for the coloring layer include metal materials, resin materials, pigments, and dyes. Examples of such materials include resin materials.

[0336] [Light blocking layer] Materials that can be used for the light-shielding layer include carbon black, titanium black, Examples of the material include a metal, a metal oxide, and a composite oxide including a solid solution of a plurality of metal oxides. The film may be a film containing a resin material, or may be a thin film of an inorganic material such as a metal. In addition, the light-shielding layer may be a laminated film of a film containing the material of the colored layer. A film containing a material for a colored layer that transmits light and a material for a colored layer that transmits light of another color By using the same material for the colored layer and the light-shielding layer, a laminated structure with a film containing This is preferable because it allows the equipment to be standardized and the process to be simplified.

[0337] This embodiment may be combined, at least in part, with other embodiments described in this specification. It can be implemented in combination.

[0338] (Embodiment 4) The configuration of an input / output panel according to one embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 22 and 23. Reveal.

[0339] FIG. 22 illustrates a configuration of an input / output panel according to one embodiment of the present invention. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a pixel included in the panel.

[0340] FIG. 23 illustrates a structure of an input / output panel of one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 23(B) is a cross-sectional view illustrating the configuration of the functional film of the input / output panel shown in FIG. FIG. 23(C) is a cross-sectional view illustrating the configuration of the second unit. FIG. 23(D) is a cross-sectional view illustrating the configuration of the first unit.

[0341] In this specification, variables whose values ​​are integers of 1 or more may be used as symbols. For example, let (p) contain a variable p whose value is an integer greater than or equal to 1, and let any of the components up to p be It may be used as part of a code to specify a number. For example, the variable m, which takes an integer value of 1 or more, and (m,n) including variable n is a code that identifies one of the maximum m × n components. It may be used in some places.

[0342] The input / output panel 700TP3 described in this configuration example has pixels 702(i,j) (see FIG. 22). The input / output panel 700TP3 is connected to the first unit 501 and the second unit The touch panel 502 includes an input unit 503 and a functional membrane 770P (see FIG. 23). One unit 501 includes a functional layer 520, and the second unit 502 includes a functional layer 720. .

[0343] [Pixel 702(i,j)] Pixel 702(i,j) includes a portion of functional layer 520, a first display element 750(i,j), and and a second display element 550(i,j) (see FIG. 22).

[0344] The functional layer 520 includes a first conductive film, a second conductive film, an insulating film 501C, and a pixel circuit 530. Incidentally, pixel circuit 530(i,j) (not shown) may be, for example, a transistor. The functional layer 520 includes an optical element 560, a coating film 565, and a lens 580. The functional layer 520 also includes an insulating film 528 and an insulating film 521. The material obtained by stacking the insulating film 521A and the insulating film 521B can be used for the insulating film 521.

[0345] For example, a material with a refractive index of about 1.55 is used for the insulating film 521A or the insulating film 521B. Alternatively, a material having a refractive index of about 1.6 can be used for the insulating film 521A or the insulating film 521B. Alternatively, acrylic resin or polyimide can be used as the insulating film 521A or the insulating film 521B. It can be used for the border membrane 521B.

[0346] The insulating film 501C has a region sandwiched between the first conductive film and the second conductive film, and is an insulating The membrane 501C includes an opening 591A.

[0347] The first conductive film is electrically connected to the first display element 750(i,j). , is electrically connected to the electrode 751(i,j) of the first display element 750(i,j). , the electrode 751(i,j) can be used as the first conductive film.

[0348] The second conductive film has an area overlapping the first conductive film. The second conductive film has an opening 591. At A, the conductive film 512B is electrically connected to the first conductive film. The second conductive film is electrically connected to the pixel circuit 530(i,j). For example, the source of the transistor used for the switch SW1 of the pixel circuit 530(i,j) A conductive film functioning as a source electrode or a drain electrode can be used as the second conductive film. By the way, the insulating film 501C is electrically connected to the second conductive film through the opening 591A. The connected first conductive film can be called a through electrode.

[0349] The second display element 550(i,j) is electrically connected to the pixel circuit 530(i,j). The second display element 550(i,j) has a function of emitting light toward the functional layer 520. The second display element 550(i,j) may be, for example, a lens 580 or an optical element 56. It has the function of emitting light towards 0.

[0350] The second display element 550(i,j) displays the image using the first display element 750(i,j). The second display element 5 is arranged so as to be visible in a part of the visible range. The shape of the first display element 75 having an area 751H that does not block the light emitted by the first display element 75 0(i,j) is used for the electrode 751(i,j). The direction in which external light is incident on and reflected by the first display element 750(i,j) that displays image information is indicated by a dashed line. The arrows in the figure indicate the position of the first display element 750(i,j). The direction in which the second display element 550(i,j) emits light is indicated by a solid arrow in a part of the possible range. is shown in the figure using

[0351] As a result, in a part of the area where the display using the first display element can be viewed, The display using the second display element can be visually recognized. The user can view the display without changing the reflection. The object color represented by the light emitted from the first display element is multiplied by the light source color represented by the light emitted from the second display element. Or, it is possible to display the object color and the light source color in a pictorial manner. As a result, a novel input / output panel with excellent convenience and reliability can be provided. .

[0352] For example, a first display element 750(i,j) includes an electrode 751(i,j) and an electrode 752. and a layer 753 containing a liquid crystal material. Also, the liquid crystal display device includes an alignment film AF1 and an alignment film AF2. Specifically, a reflective liquid crystal element can be used for the first display element 750(i,j). Cut.

[0353] For example, a transparent conductive film with a refractive index of about 2.0 is used for the electrode 752 or the electrode 751(i, j). Specifically, an oxide containing indium, tin, and silicon can be used as the electrode 752. Alternatively, a material with a refractive index of about 1.6 can be used for the electrode 751(i,j). It can be used as an alignment film.

[0354] For example, the second display element 550(i,j) has an electrode 551(i,j) and an electrode 552. Electrode 552 includes electrodes 551(i,j) and a layer 553(j) including a light-emitting material. The layer 553(j) including the light-emitting material has an area overlapping the electrode 551(i,j). and electrode 552. Electrode 551(i,j) has a region sandwiched between connecting portion 522 In the pixel circuit 530(i,j), the organic EL element can be used for the second display element 550(i,j).

[0355] For example, a transparent conductive film with a refractive index of about 2.0 can be used for the electrodes 551(i, j). Specifically, an oxide containing indium, tin, and silicon is used for the electrodes 551(i,j). Alternatively, a material having a refractive index of about 1.8 may be used as the layer 553(j) containing the luminescent material. can be used.

[0356] The optical element 560 has a translucent property. The optical element 560 has a first region, a second region, and a third region. It has an area of.

[0357] The first region includes an area supplied with visible light from the second display element 550(i,j), and the second The second region includes a region in contact with the coating film 565, and the third region has a function of emitting a part of visible light. The third region has an area equal to or smaller than the area of ​​the first region to which visible light is supplied. Prepare.

[0358] The coating film 565 has a reflectivity for visible light, and the coating film 565 reflects a part of the visible light. , and has the function of supplying to the third area.

[0359] For example, a metal can be used for the coating film 565. Specifically, a material containing silver can be used for coating. For example, a material containing silver and palladium or silver and The coating film 565 may be made of a material containing copper or the like.

[0360] [Lens 580] A material that transmits visible light can be used for the lens 580. Materials with the following refractive indices can be used for the lens 580: An organic material may be used for the lens 580 .

[0361] For example, materials including oxides or sulfides may be used for lens 580 .

[0362] Specifically, cerium oxide, hafnium oxide, lanthanum oxide, magnesium oxide, Niobium oxide, tantalum oxide, titanium oxide, yttrium oxide, zinc oxide, indium and tin The lens 580 is made of an oxide containing indium, gallium, and zinc, or an oxide containing indium, gallium, and zinc. Alternatively, zinc sulfide or the like can be used for the lens 580.

[0363] For example, a material containing resin can be used for the lens 580. Resins with fluorine or iodine introduced, resins with heavy metal atoms introduced, resins with aromatic rings introduced Resin, resin containing sulfur, etc. can be used for the lens 580. A resin containing nanoparticles of a material with a higher refractive index than oil can be used for the lens 580. Titanium oxide or zirconium oxide can be used for the nanoparticles.

[0364] [Functional Layer 720] The functional layer 720 includes a region sandwiched between the substrate 770 and the insulating film 501C. The pixel 720 includes an insulating film 771 and a colored film CF1.

[0365] The colored film CF1 is an area sandwiched between the substrate 770 and the first display element 750(i, j). It has a region.

[0366] The insulating film 771 has a region sandwiched between the colored film CF1 and the layer 753 containing a liquid crystal material. This makes it possible to flatten the unevenness caused by the thickness of the colored film CF1. This can suppress the diffusion of impurities from the color film CF1 and the like to the layer 753 containing a liquid crystal material.

[0367] For example, the insulating film 771 can be made of an acrylic resin with a refractive index of about 1.55.

[0368] [Substrate 570, Substrate 770] The input / output panel described in this embodiment has a substrate 570 and a substrate 770. .

[0369] The substrate 770 has an area overlapping the substrate 570. It has areas that sandwich the functional layer 520 .

[0370] The substrate 770 has an area that overlaps with the first display element 750(i,j). A material that is less prone to folding may be used in this area.

[0371] For example, the substrate 770 can be made of a resin material with a refractive index of about 1.5.

[0372] [Joining layer 505] The input / output panel described in this embodiment mode also has a bonding layer 505 .

[0373] The bonding layer 505 has an area sandwiched between the functional layer 520 and the substrate 770. 20 and the substrate 770.

[0374] [Structure KB1, Structure KB2] The input / output panel described in this embodiment has a structure KB1 and a structure KB2. do.

[0375] The structure KB1 has a function of providing a predetermined gap between the functional layer 520 and the substrate 770. The structure KB1 has a region overlapping with the region 751H, and the structure KB1 is light-transmitting. This allows the light emitted by the second display element 550(i,j) to be supplied to one side. and can be ejected from the other side.

[0376] In addition, the structure KB1 has an area that overlaps with the optical element 560. For example, A material selected so that the difference in refractive index between the material used is 0.2 or less is used for the structure KB1. This makes it possible to efficiently utilize the light emitted by the second display element. In this case, the area of ​​the second display element can be increased. The density can be reduced.

[0377] The structure KB2 has a function of controlling the thickness of the polarizing layer 770PB to a predetermined thickness. The structure KB2 has an area overlapping with the second display element 550(i, j), and the structure KB2 is transparent. Equipped with.

[0378] Alternatively, a material that transmits light of a predetermined color is used for the structure KB1 or the structure KB2. This allows the structure KB1 or KB2 to be used, for example, as a color filter. For example, a material that transmits blue, green or red light can be inserted into the structure KB1. It can be used for the structure KB2. Also, it can be used for the material that transmits yellow light or white light. The material can be used for structure KB1 or structure KB2.

[0379] Specifically, polyester, polyolefin, polyamide, polyimide, polycarbonate polysiloxane, acrylic resin, or a combination of resins selected from these. A composite material or the like can be used for the structure KB1 or the structure KB2. The insulating film may be formed using a material having such a structure.

[0380] For example, an acrylic resin with a refractive index of about 1.5 can be used for the structure KB1. An acrylic resin having a refractive index of about 1.55 can be used for the structure KB2.

[0381] [Input unit 503] The input unit 503 includes a detector element. The detector element is a pixel having an area overlapping with the pixel 702(i,j). This function detects the presence of a finger or other object approaching the display. The interface can be used to input location information.

[0382] For example, a capacitance type proximity sensor, an electromagnetic induction type proximity sensor, an optical type proximity sensor, A resistive film type proximity sensor or a surface acoustic wave type proximity sensor is used as the input unit 503. Specifically, it can be used for surface capacitive touch panels, projected capacitive touch panels, or red LED touch panels. An external line detection type proximity sensor can be used.

[0383] For example, a touch sensor with a refractive index of about 1.6 and a capacitive proximity sensor is used as an input device. It can be used in knit 503.

[0384] [Functional membrane 770D, functional membrane 770P, etc.] The input / output panel 700TP3 described in this embodiment includes a functional film 770D and a functional film 770P and.

[0385] The functional film 770D has an area that overlaps with the first display element 750(i,j). 0D has a region in which a first display element 750(i,j) is sandwiched between the functional layer 520 and itself.

[0386] For example, a light diffusing film can be used for the functional film 770D. A material having a columnar structure with an axis along a direction intersecting the surface is used for the functional film 770D. This allows light to be easily transmitted along the axis and easily scattered in other directions. Alternatively, for example, the first display element 750(i,j) can diffuse the light reflected by the first display element 750(i,j). It can be dispersed.

[0387] The functional film 770P is a polarizing layer 770PB, a retardation film 770PA or a structure KB2 The polarizing layer 770PB has an opening, and the retardation film 770PA has a polarizing layer 770 The structure KB2 has an area overlapping with the PB. The structure KB2 is provided in the opening.

[0388] For example, a dichroic dye, a liquid crystal material, and a resin can be used in the polarizing layer 770PB. The polarizing layer 770PB has a polarizing property. Therefore, by using the functional film 770P as a polarizing plate, This can be done.

[0389] The polarizing layer 770PB has an area overlapping with the first display element 750(i,j), and the structure KB 2 has an area overlapping with the second display element 550(i,j). For example, a reflective liquid crystal element can be used as the first display element. Alternatively, the light emitted from the second display element can be efficiently extracted. Alternatively, the density of the current flowing through the organic EL element can be reduced. The reliability of the system can be improved.

[0390] For example, anti-reflection film, polarizing film or retardation film is used as the functional film 770P. Specifically, a film containing a dichroic dye and a retardation film can be used as a functional film 77. Can be used for 0P.

[0391] In addition, it has an antistatic film that prevents dust from sticking, a water-repellent film that makes it difficult for dirt to stick, and A hard coat film that suppresses the occurrence of scratches associated with the above process can be used for the functional film 770P.

[0392] For example, a material with a refractive index of about 1.6 can be used for the diffusion film. A material with a refractive index of about 1.6 can be used for the retardation film 770PA.

[0393] This embodiment may be combined, at least in part, with other embodiments described in this specification. It can be implemented in combination.

[0394] (Embodiment 5) In this embodiment, a display module that can be applied to an electronic device of one embodiment of the present invention will be described. Reveal.

[0395] The display module 6000 shown in FIG. 24(A) includes an upper cover 6001 and a lower cover 600 Between the FPC 6005 and the display panel 6006, the frame 6009, and the It has a print substrate 6010 and a battery 6011.

[0396] For example, a display device manufactured according to one embodiment of the present invention is used for the display panel 6006. This makes it possible to manufacture display modules with a high yield.

[0397] The upper cover 6001 and the lower cover 6002 are adapted to the size of the display panel 6006. The shape and dimensions can be changed appropriately.

[0398] A touch panel may be provided over the display panel 6006. In the present embodiment, a resistive or capacitive touch panel is superimposed on the display panel 6006. In addition, a touch panel may not be provided, and the display panel 6006 may be provided with a touch panel function. It is also possible to give it the ability to do so.

[0399] The frame 6009 protects the display panel 6006 and also prevents the movement of the printed circuit board 6010. It also functions as an electromagnetic shield to block electromagnetic waves generated by the operation of the frame. The frame 6009 may also function as a heat sink.

[0400] The printed circuit board 6010 includes a power supply circuit, a signal circuit for outputting a video signal, and a clock signal. The power supply circuit is provided with a signal processing circuit. Alternatively, the power source may be a battery 6011 provided separately. , this can be omitted when using a commercial power source.

[0401] In addition, the display module 6000 includes components such as a polarizing plate, a retardation plate, and a prism sheet. It may be added.

[0402] FIG. 24(B) is a schematic cross-sectional view of a display module 6000 equipped with an optical touch sensor. It is.

[0403] The display module 6000 includes a light emitting section 6015 and a receiving section 6016 provided on a printed circuit board 6010. The optical unit 6016 is surrounded by an upper cover 6001 and a lower cover 6002. The region has a pair of light guiding portions (light guiding portion 6017a, light guiding portion 6017b).

[0404] The display panel 6006 is connected to a printed circuit board 6010 and a battery via a frame 6009. The display panel 6006 and the frame 6009 are disposed in a stacked manner. 6017a, and is fixed to the light guiding portion 6017b.

[0405] The light 6018 emitted from the light emitting portion 6015 is guided to the display panel 60 by the light guiding portion 6017a. The light passes through the upper portion of the light guide 6017b and reaches the light receiving portion 6016. When the light 6018 is blocked by a detection object such as a stylus, a touch operation is detected. It is possible.

[0406] A plurality of light emitting units 6015 are provided, for example, along two adjacent sides of the display panel 6006. A plurality of light receiving sections 6016 are provided at positions facing the light emitting sections 6015. It is possible to obtain information about the position where the touch operation was performed.

[0407] The light emitting unit 6015 may be a light source such as an LED element. 6015, a light that emits infrared rays that are invisible to the user and harmless to the user It is preferred to use a source.

[0408] The light receiving section 6016 is a photoelectric element that receives the light emitted by the light emitting section 6015 and converts it into an electrical signal. Preferably, a photodiode capable of receiving infrared rays can be used. can.

[0409] The light guide portion 6017a and the light guide portion 6017b are made of a material that transmits at least the light 6018. By using the light guide portion 6017a and the light guide portion 6017b, the light emitting portion The light receiving unit 6015 and the light receiving section 6016 can be disposed below the display panel 6006, and external light can be This can prevent the touch sensor from malfunctioning due to the light reaching the light receiving section 6016. It is preferable to use a resin that absorbs infrared rays and transmits infrared rays. This prevents false touch sensor detection. This allows for more effective suppression of movement.

[0410] This embodiment may be combined, at least in part, with other embodiments described in this specification. It can be implemented in combination. [Explanation of symbols]

[0411] 10 Electronic equipment 11 Control section 12 Arithmetic section 13 Drive unit 14 Drive unit 20 pixel units 21 pixels 21B Display element 21G display element 21R Display element 22 pixels 22B Display element 22G display element 22R Display element 25 light 31 Viewpoint detection unit 35 Touch Sensor 50 Adhesive layer 60 Display System 111 Cabinet 112 Cabinet 113 Hinge 114 Camera 115 Support part 117 Insulating Layer 121 Display section 122 Display section 130 Polarizing Plate 131 Stylus 132 fingers 133a Alignment film 133b Alignment film 134 Colored layer 135 Colored layer 136 Light blocking layer 141a Document Information 141b Document Information 142 User Input Images 143 images 143a Object 144a Contour 144b Symbol part 145 Windows 146 User Input Images 151 areas 161 Adhesive layer 162 Adhesive layer 191 Conductive Layer 192 EL layer 193a conductive layer 193b Conductive layer 201 Transistor 201a Transistor 201b Transistor 204 Connection 205 Transistor 206 Transistor 207 Connection 208 Transistor 211 Insulating layer 212 Insulating layer 213 Insulating Layer 214 Insulating layer 215 Insulating Layer 216 Insulating Layer 217 Insulating Layer 218 Insulating Layer 220 Insulating layer 221 Conductive Layer 222 Conductive Layer 223 Conductive Layer 224 Conductive Layer 231 Semiconductor Layer 242 Connection Layer 243 Connectors 251 Aperture 252 Connection 300 Display Panel 300a Display Panel 300b Display panel 311 Electrode 311a conductive layer 311b Conductive layer 312 Liquid crystal 313 Conductive Layer 340 Liquid crystal element 351 Substrate 360 Light emitting element 360b Light emitting element 360g Light emitting element 360r Light emitting element 360w light emitting element 361 Substrate 362 Display section 362a Display 362b Display section 364 circuits 364a circuit 364b circuit 365 Wiring 366 Touch Sensor 372 FPC 373 IC 400 display device 410 pixels 451 Aperture 501 units 501C Insulating film 502 units 503 Input Unit 505 Bonding layer 512B Conductive film 520 Functional Layer 521 Insulating film 521A Insulating film 521B Insulating film 522 Connection 528 Insulating film 530 Pixel Circuit 550 Display element 551 Electrode 552 Electrode 553 Layer containing luminescent material 560 Optical Elements 565 Coating film 570 Substrate 580 Lens 591A opening 600 Control section 601 Data Processing Circuit 602 Memory 603 Memory 604 Control circuit 605 Camera 606 GPS Receiver 607 Data Input / Output Unit 610 Display section 611 pixels 612 pixels 613 Touch Sensor 614 Optical Sensor 651 Pixel Circuit 653 Liquid crystal element 700TP3 I / O Panel 702 pixels 720 Functional Layer 750 Display element 751 Electrode 751H area 752 Electrode 753 Layer containing liquid crystal material 770 Substrate 770D Functional membrane 770P functional membrane 770PA Retardation Film 770PB polarizing layer 771 Insulating Film 6000 Display Module 6001 Top cover 6002 Lower cover 6005 FPC 6006 Display Panel 6009 Frame 6010 Printed Circuit Board 6011 Battery 6015 Light emitting part 6016 Light receiving section 6017a Light guiding part 6017b Light guiding section 6018 light

Claims

1. An electronic device having a first display unit, a second display unit, and a control unit, the control unit has a function of simultaneously displaying two or more of a first image, a second image, and a third image on the first display unit and the second display unit, respectively; the first image is an image displayed by reflected light, the second image is an image displayed by emitting light, the third image is an image displayed by a mixture of the reflected light and the emitted light, a viewpoint detection unit that detects a first area in the first display unit or the second display unit that a user is gazing at, and outputs position information of the first area to the control unit; The control unit displays the second image or the third image in the first area based on the position information, and displays the first image in a second area other than the first area; The electronic device includes an imaging device that captures an image of the user's eyes, and a calculation device that calculates position information of the viewpoint at which the user is gazing from image information obtained by the imaging device and outputs the position information to the control unit.

2. An electronic device having a first housing having a first display unit, a second housing having a second display unit, and a control unit, The first housing and the second housing are connected to be deformable between a folded state in which the first display unit and the second display unit overlap each other and an open state in which the first display unit and the second display unit are exposed; the control unit has a function of simultaneously displaying two or more of a first image, a second image, and a third image on the first display unit and the second display unit, respectively; the first image is an image displayed by reflected light, the second image is an image displayed by emitting light, the third image is an image displayed by a mixture of the reflected light and the emitted light, a viewpoint detection unit that detects a first area in the first display unit or the second display unit that a user is gazing at, and outputs position information of the first area to the control unit; The control unit displays the second image or the third image in the first area based on the position information, and displays the first image in a second area other than the first area; The electronic device includes an imaging device that captures an image of the user's eyes, and a calculation device that calculates position information of the viewpoint at which the user is gazing from image information obtained by the imaging device and outputs the position information to the control unit.

3. In claim 1 or 2, The electronic device, wherein the first housing and the second housing are detachably connected to each other.

Images