Cryogenic fluid delivery system and air conditioning device using same

Abstract

A cryogenic fluid delivery system for use with a cryogenic fluid tank and a tank connector apparatus for connecting the cryogenic fluid tank to the cryogenic fluid delivery system, the cryogenic fluid delivery system having a tank engagement member configured to be attached to the cryogenic fluid tank, at least one distribution member configured to distribute the cryogenic fluid, and a vaporizer module including a boiling chamber configured to receive liquid cryogenic fluid and enable the liquid cryogenic fluid disposed therein to boil into a gaseous cryogenic fluid and facilitate delivery thereof in a non-pressurized manner towards the at least one distribution member.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The subject matter of this disclosure relates to the field of air conditioners, and in particular to air conditioners that utilize the emission of a cryogenic fluid into their immediate surroundings. [Background technology]

[0002] Examples of the types of vehicles to which the subject matter of this disclosure refers are disclosed below. No. 5,960,635 discloses an air conditioning system that uses liquid nitrogen having a liquid nitrogen source in a pressure vessel and a release valve that releases the liquid nitrogen from the pressure vessel into a housing where it absorbs latent heat and becomes nitrogen gas. The system further includes a thermostat that controls the release valve and a dehumidifier that blows warmer air from outside the housing to mix with the nitrogen gas inside the housing to produce a cooler air mixture. The dehumidifier further dehumidifies the cooler air mixture before directing it to the atmosphere outside the housing. Korean Patent No. 101666183 discloses a cooling device for discharging oxygen, the cooling device having a cooling air discharge unit formed at an upper end of a body and a lower cover removably attached to a lower end of the body, and a control unit for controlling the amount of oxygen gas discharged from a filling container, the oxygen gas discharged from at least one liquid oxygen (LOX) filling container being discharged through a blower fan and at least one discharge tube for guiding the discharge tube to discharge. Summary of the Invention

[0003] According to a first aspect of the presently disclosed subject matter, there is provided a cryogenic fluid delivery system for use with a cryogenic fluid tank, comprising: a. a tank engagement member fixedly attached to the cryogenic fluid tank and configured to selectively allow flow of cryogenic fluid from the tank into a system; b. a distribution member configured to distribute the cryogenic fluid external to the system; c. A cryogenic fluid delivery system is provided, comprising: a vaporizer module having a boiling chamber having a liquid receiving portion fluidly connecting the tank engaging member and the dispensing portion and configured to receive a liquid cryogenic fluid; and a gas discharge portion for boiling a liquid cryogenic fluid disposed therein into a gaseous cryogenic fluid and facilitating delivery of the liquid cryogenic fluid in a non-pressurized manner towards the dispensing member.

[0004] The first aspect may include at least the embodiments listed below. Embodiment 1. A cryogenic fluid delivery system for use with a cryogenic fluid tank, comprising: a. a tank engagement member fixedly attached to the cryogenic fluid tank and configured to selectively allow flow of cryogenic fluid from the tank into a system; b. a distribution member configured to distribute cryogenic fluid external to the system and to be held in an elevated position relative to the tank engaging member, at least during operation of the system; c. A cryogenic fluid delivery system is provided, comprising: a vaporizer module having a boiling chamber having a liquid receiving portion fluidly connecting the tank engaging member and the dispensing portion and configured to receive a liquid cryogenic fluid; and a gas discharge portion for boiling a liquid cryogenic fluid disposed therein into a gaseous cryogenic fluid and facilitating delivery of the liquid cryogenic fluid in a non-pressurized manner towards the dispensing member.

[0026] Embodiment 2. A cryogenic fluid delivery system comprising: a boiling chamber comprising: a. a liquid receiving vessel comprising a liquid receiving portion, the liquid receiving vessel including a liquid cryogenic fluid inlet in fluid communication with the tank engaging member, and a liquid outlet; b. a gas distribution vessel constituting a gas emission portion, the gas distribution vessel having a fluid inlet in fluid communication with a liquid outlet of the liquid receiving vessel and a gas outlet in fluid communication with the distribution member; c. A flow blocking member configured to selectively block liquid communication between the liquid receiving vessel and the gas distributing vessel when a predetermined amount of liquid is found / placed in the gas distributing tank. A cryogenic fluid delivery system as described in embodiment 1, comprising: Embodiment 3: A cryogenic fluid delivery system as described in embodiment 2, wherein the flow preventing member comprises a float member disposed within the gas distribution container and a plug member disposed within the liquid receiving container and connected to the float member by a connecting element, the plug member being configured with a shape suitable for blocking the liquid outlet of the liquid receiving container. Embodiment 4. A cryogenic fluid delivery system as described in embodiment 3, wherein the liquid receiving vessel is positioned below and adjacent the gas distributing vessel, and the liquid outlet of the liquid receiving vessel is positioned below and adjacent the fluid inlet of the gas distributing vessel. Embodiment 5. The cryogenic fluid delivery system of embodiment 4, wherein the connecting element is a metal rod extending from the float member through the fluid inlet of the gas distribution vessel and the liquid outlet of the liquid receiving vessel to the plug member. Embodiment 6. A cryogenic fluid delivery system as described in any one of embodiments 3 to 5, wherein the float member is configured with sufficient dimensions and density to enable it to float in the type of cryogenic fluid stored in the cryogenic fluid tank. Embodiment 7. The cryogenic fluid delivery system of embodiment 6, wherein the float is formed from a material suitable for operation with cryogenic fluid. Embodiment 8. The cryogenic fluid delivery system of embodiment 7, wherein the float is formed from polyoxymethylene. Embodiment 9. The cryogenic fluid delivery system of any one of embodiments 3 to 8, wherein the float member is configured with a cross-section similar to, but smaller than, the cross-section of the gas distribution vessel.

[0023] Embodiment 10. The cryogenic fluid delivery system of any one of embodiments 1 to 9, wherein the cryogenic fluid delivery system is in an ambient environment. Embodiment 11. The cryogenic fluid delivery system of any one of embodiments 1 to 10, wherein the cryogenic fluid delivery system is at least partially free of insulation. Embodiment 12. The cryogenic fluid delivery system of embodiment 11, wherein at least a portion of the boiling chamber is constructed with an insulating layer.

[0031] Embodiment 13. The cryogenic fluid delivery system of embodiment 12, wherein the insulating layer is configured to allow attachment and detachment from the boiling member. Embodiment 14. A cryogenic fluid delivery system according to any one of embodiments 1 to 13, further comprising a pressurizing device configured to controllably apply pressure to the cryogenic fluid in the boiling member. Embodiment 15. A cryogenic fluid delivery system as described in embodiment 14, wherein the pressurizing device comprises at least one heating element configured to at least indirectly apply heat to the interior of the boiling member, and a pressure sensor configured to measure the gas pressure inside the boiling member. Embodiment 16. A cryogenic fluid delivery system as described in embodiment 14 or 15, wherein the pressurizing device is configured to be operated by an independent power source. Embodiment 17. A cryogenic fluid delivery system according to any one of embodiments 1 to 16, wherein the cryogenic fluid is a non-toxic cryogenic liquid.

[0046] Embodiment 18. The cryogenic fluid delivery system of embodiment 17, wherein the cryogenic fluid is liquid nitrogen. Embodiment 19. The cryogenic fluid delivery system of embodiment 17, wherein the cryogenic fluid is liquid air. Embodiment 20. A cryogenic fluid delivery system as described in any one of embodiments 1 to 19, wherein the boiling chamber further comprises a safety device configured to prevent liquid cryogenic fluid from exiting the system. Embodiment 21 An air conditioning device for use with a cryogenic fluid tank, comprising: a housing having a tank receiving portion at a lower end configured to accommodate the cryogenic fluid tank; a hollow neck extending vertically upward from the tank receiving portion and configured to accommodate therein a cryogenic fluid delivery system described in any one of embodiments 1 to 20; and a distribution portion at an upper portion of the housing configured to accommodate a distribution member of the cryogenic fluid delivery system. Embodiment 22: An air conditioner according to embodiment 21, wherein the neck is configured with an extension mechanism to enable the neck portion to increase and decrease its length, thereby respectively increasing and decreasing the distance between the tank receiving portion and the dispensing portion. Embodiment 23. An air conditioner as described in embodiment 21 or 22, wherein the neck portion has a footprint substantially smaller than the tank receiving portion and the dispensing head. Embodiment 24. An air conditioner according to any one of embodiments 21 to 23, wherein the dispensing portion is configured to be located between 1 and 3 meters above the tank receiving portion, at least during operation of the apparatus. Embodiment 25. An air conditioner according to any one of embodiments 21 to 24, wherein the device further comprises a scale configured to measure the amount of cryogenic fluid stored in the cryogenic fluid tank. Embodiment 26. An air conditioner as described in embodiment 25, wherein the weight measuring device comprises a communication module configured to transmit said measurements to at least one remote device. Embodiment 27. An air conditioner as described in any of embodiments 21 to 26, further comprising a cryogenic gas saving module configured to convey cold air generated around the boiling chamber following operation of the boiling chamber to the outside of the housing while preventing flow of cryogenic fluid towards the boiling chamber. Embodiment 28. An air conditioning apparatus as described in embodiment 27, wherein the cryogenic gas saving module comprises a cryogenic valve interconnecting the tank engaging member and the boiling chamber and configured to prevent the flow of the fluid when a predetermined amount of cold air accumulates around it, and a convection element configured to generate an air flow to facilitate / transport the accumulated cold air to the outside of the housing.

[0046] Embodiment 29. The air conditioner of embodiment 28, wherein the cryogenic valve is configured to be normally open and closed when the temperature and convection elements are electrically operated.

[0005] According to a second aspect of the subject matter of the present disclosure, there is provided a tank connector apparatus for connecting a cryogenic fluid tank comprising an inner vessel having a neck, a bottom, a top defined by the neck, and a sidewall extending therebetween, to a cryogenic fluid delivery system comprising a cryogenic liquid inlet, the tank connector apparatus comprising: a. a tank mounting device configured to fit fluid-tightly around a neck of a cryogenic fluid tank, the cryogenic fluid tank having an exterior facing surface, a tank facing surface, and a central tunnel traversing therebetween along a vertical axis thereof; b. a fluid intake module fitted fluid-tightly within the central tunnel and having a fluid inlet portion projecting perpendicularly from the tank facing surface and a fluid outlet portion projecting perpendicularly from the exterior facing surface, the fluid inlet portion configured to be received within the inner vessel and operative to permit flow of cryogenic fluid from the inner vessel towards the fluid outlet portion; c. at least one fluid distribution member in selective fluid communication with the fluid outlet portion and operative to selectively allow flow of the cryogenic fluid out of the tank connector apparatus.

[0006] The second aspect may include at least the embodiments listed below. 30. A tank connector device for connecting a cryogenic fluid tank having an inner vessel having a neck, a bottom, a top defined by the neck, and a sidewall extending therebetween, to a cryogenic fluid delivery system having a cryogenic liquid inlet, comprising: a. a tank mounting device configured to fit fluid-tightly around a neck of a cryogenic fluid tank, the cryogenic fluid tank having an exterior facing surface, a tank facing surface, and a central tunnel traversing therebetween along a vertical axis thereof; b. a fluid intake module fitted fluid-tightly within the central tunnel and having a fluid inlet portion projecting perpendicularly from the tank-facing surface in a direction away from the exterior-facing surface and a fluid outlet portion projecting perpendicularly from the exterior-facing surface in a direction away from the tank-facing surface, the fluid inlet portion configured to be received within the inner vessel and operative to permit flow of cryogenic fluid from the inner vessel towards the fluid outlet portion; c. at least one fluid distribution member in selective fluid communication with the fluid outlet portion and operative to selectively allow flow of the cryogenic fluid out of the tank connector apparatus. Embodiment 31 The tank connector device of embodiment 30, wherein at least one fluid distribution member comprises a gas distribution member configured to selectively distribute cryogenic gas outside the tank connector device, and the fluid draw-in module comprises a gas draw-in member operative to allow cryogenic gas to flow from the inner vessel toward the gas distribution member. Embodiment 32. A tank connector apparatus as described in embodiment 30 or 31, wherein at least one fluid distribution member comprises a liquid distribution member configured to selectively distribute cryogenic liquid to a cryogenic liquid inlet of the cryogenic fluid delivery system, and the fluid drawing module comprises a liquid drawing member operative to allow the cryogenic liquid to flow from the inner container towards the liquid distribution member. Embodiment 33. A tank connector device as described in any one of embodiments 30 to 32, wherein the liquid inlet member has a liquid inlet portion and the gas inlet member has a gas inlet portion, both constituting the fluid inlet portion, the liquid inlet portion protruding further from the tank facing surface than the gas inlet portion. Embodiment 34. A tank connector device as described in embodiment 32, wherein the liquid drawing member is in the form of a pipe having a first diameter, and the fluid drawing module further comprises a sleeve surrounding the liquid drawing member and having a second diameter larger than the first diameter, such that an annular space is formed therebetween, constituting a gas drawing member. Embodiment 35. The tank connector device of embodiment 33 or 34, wherein the liquid distribution member has an engaging member configured to receive a corresponding engaging member of the cryogenic fluid delivery system in a fluid-tight mating manner to enable fluid communication therebetween. Embodiment 36. The tank connector device of embodiment 35, wherein the engaging member includes a liquid flow preventing mechanism configured to prevent liquid flow through the engaging member when a corresponding engaging member is not matingly received therein. Embodiment 37. The tank connector device of embodiment 35 or 36, wherein the engaging member of the plug portion is constituted by a socket having a particular cross-section and configured to closely receive a corresponding engaging member of the same cross-section. Embodiment 38. A tank connector device as described in any one of embodiments 30 to 37, wherein the tank mounting device is formed as a hollow cap-like body configured to fit tightly onto the outer surface of the neck portion of the cryogenic fluid tank, and the tank facing surface has at least one opening forming a fluid passage between the inner container of the cryogenic fluid tank and the hollow cap-like body. Embodiment 39. The tank connector device of embodiment 38, wherein the cap-shaped body comprises a pressure gauge, a filling tube having a one-way inlet, and a pressure relief valve extending through the side wall and in fluid communication with the hollow space within the hollow cap-shaped body. Embodiment 40. The tank connector device of embodiment 37 or 38, further comprising a clamping element configured to be attached to both the cap-like body and the neck of the cryogenic fluid tank, and configured in a relaxed state allowing the tank connector device to be attached and removed from the neck portion, and in a tight state in which the clamping element presses a portion of the cap-like body against the neck portion to form a liquid-tight attachment therebetween. Embodiment 41. A tank connector device as described in any one of embodiments 30 to 37, wherein the tank mounting device comprises an extensible body that is transitionable between a normal state suitable for insertion into the neck portion of the cryogenic fluid tank and an extensible state operable to be tightly fitted into the neck portion of the cryogenic fluid tank. Embodiment 42. The tank connector device of embodiment 41, wherein the extensible body is configured to transition from a normal state to an extensible state by a clamping device having an upper portion positioned adjacent to and above the exterior facing surface and a lower portion positioned adjacent to and below the tank facing surface, and the clamping is operable to increase and decrease the distance between the upper portion and the lower portion to transition the extensible body between the normal state and the extensible state. Embodiment 43. A tank connector device as described in embodiment 41 or 42, wherein the central tunnel is formed from a rigid material and the extensible body is formed as a sleeve around the central tunnel. Embodiment 44. A tank connector device as described in embodiment 43, wherein the diameter of the sleeve remains the same in both the normal state and the extensible state of the extensible body, and in the normal state, the sleeve and the central tunnel form an annular space between them, and in the extensible state, the sleeve is pressed tightly against the central tunnel in a liquid-tight manner. Embodiment 45. A tank connector device as described in any one of embodiments 41 to 44, wherein in a normal state, the extensible body is configured with a first diameter, and in an extensible state, the extensible body is configured with a second diameter larger than the first diameter. Embodiment 46. A tank connector device as described in any one of embodiments 41 to 44, wherein in a normal state, the extensible body is configured with a first cross-sectional surface area, and in an extensible state, the extensible body is configured with a second cross-sectional surface area that is larger than the first cross-sectional surface area. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0007] In order to better understand the subject matter disclosed herein, and to illustrate how it may be carried out in practice, embodiments will now be described, by way of non-limiting example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: [Figure 1] 1 is a perspective view of a cryogenic air conditioner according to an example of the subject matter of the present disclosure; FIG. [Diagram 2] 1 is a perspective view of a cryogenic fluid delivery system attached to a cryogenic fluid tank according to an example of the disclosed subject matter. FIG. [Diagram 3] FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a liquid receiving portion of the cryogenic fluid delivery system seen in FIG. 2. [Figure 4A] FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the boiling chamber of the cryogenic fluid delivery system as seen in FIG. 2 with transparent sidewalls for clarity. [Figure 4B]4B is a cross-sectional view along plane AA of an enlarged portion of region 4B in the boiling chamber of FIG. 4A with the flow obstruction member in an allowable state. [Figure 4C] Same as FIG. 4B, with the flow obstructing member in the blocking state. [Figure 5A] FIG. 4B is an exemplary embodiment showing a cross-sectional view along plane AA of an enlarged portion of region 4B in the boiling chamber of FIG. 4A with an enclosed insulation mechanism. [Figure 5B] Same as FIG. 5A with the insulation mechanism in the remote position and with the insulation mechanism folded up. [Figure 6A] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a gas saving module attached to a vaporization module according to an example of the presently disclosed subject matter. [Figure 6B] FIG. 6B is a perspective view of an enlarged portion of region 6B of the evaporator module of FIG. 6A, cut along the inside of the neck of a cryogenic air conditioner with a cryogenic fluid delivery system, with the cryogenic valve open and the convector turned off. [Figure 6C] FIG. 6B is a perspective view of an enlarged portion of region 6B of the evaporator module of FIG. 6A, cut along the inside of the neck of a cryogenic air conditioner with a cryogenic fluid delivery system, the cryogenic valve closed, and the convector turned on. [Figure 7A] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a cryogenic fluid tank known in the art. [Figure 7B] FIG. 7B is a cross-sectional view of the cryogenic fluid tank of FIG. 7A along plane BB. [Figure 8A] 1 is a perspective view of a tank connector apparatus attached to a cryogenic fluid tank and a system connection portion attached thereto, according to an example of the disclosed subject matter. [Figure 8B] 8B is a cross-sectional view of the cryogenic fluid tank of FIG. 7A with the tank connector apparatus of FIG. 8A attached. [Figure 9A] FIG. 8B is a partial exploded view of the tank connector device and system connection portion shown in FIG. 8A. [Figure 9B] FIG. 8B is a cross-sectional view along plane CC of the tank connector arrangement of FIG. 8A and its attached system connection portion. [Figure 10A] FIG. 13 is a perspective view of a tank connector apparatus attached to a cryogenic fluid tank according to another example of the presently disclosed subject matter. [Figure 10B] FIG. 8B is a cross-sectional view of the tank connector device of FIG. 8A and its attached system connection portion along a central vertical plane. [Figure 10C] 10B is a cross-sectional view of the tank connector device of FIG. 8A and its attached system connection portion taken along plane DD of FIG. 10A. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0008] One example of a cryogenic air conditioning apparatus (hereinafter "apparatus") according to the subject matter of this disclosure is configured to operate as an alfresco stand-alone cooling unit, allowing for the release of cryogenic fluid into its immediate vicinity.

[0009] In general, the device may include a housing having a hollow interior and a cryogenic fluid delivery system disposed within the housing and configured to connect to a cryogenic fluid tank. The cryogenic fluid delivery system may be configured to allow flow of cryogenic liquid from a first portion into the system, allow the received liquid cryogenic fluid to boil into a gaseous cryogenic fluid, and facilitate release of the gaseous cryogenic fluid outside the system at a different portion of the system. In some cases, the cryogenic fluid tank may be disposed near the device to form a single portable device. In other cases, the cryogenic fluid tank may be disposed at a remote location and connected to one or more devices with a removable liquid-tight connection via one or more tubing elements.

[0010] The apparatus can be configured for use with a cryogenic fluid tank, which can be either integrated within or compatible with the housing. In further embodiments of the presently disclosed subject matter, the cryogenic fluid tank can be configured with a tank connector apparatus attached, the tank connector apparatus configured to allow for quick and safe removal and connection of the tank to the apparatus, as described in further detail below.

[0011] One advantage of using cryogenic fluids for cooling is their liquid to gas expansion ratio. Some cryogenic fluids have a liquid to gas expansion ratio of greater than 1:650 (at 20 degrees Celsius), for example, 1 liter of liquid nitrogen can provide about 700 liters of gas, which can be released outside the device at a relatively cryogenic temperature and used to reduce the temperature in the immediate surroundings of the device.

[0012] The device can be configured to operate outdoors in an ambient environment. The device can also be configured to operate without being connected to a power grid (i.e., it can be operated by a small portable power source), and in further cases, without being plugged into any power source. The device can do so by absorbing enough heat from the environment to induce boiling of the cryogenic fluid within the device. To that end, the device can have a hollow housing defining an interior space that can be configured to accommodate a cryogenic fluid delivery system while providing or preventing thermal insulation therefrom to allow sufficient heat transfer between the system and the environment. By operating in an ambient environment, the device can be configured to be mobile, allowing it to be easily operated from one location to another, similar to a gas-operated patio heater. In other examples of the subject matter of the present disclosure, the device can include at least one element that utilizes electricity. In such examples, the device can include a heating device to facilitate heat absorption by the system, or a cryogenic solenoid valve to help regulate the flow of the cryogenic fluid within the device.

[0013] The housing may comprise a tank receiving portion configured to accommodate a cryogenic fluid tank, allowing for insertion and removal of the tank therefrom, for example, for refilling purposes. The hollow body of the housing may comprise a thin outer shell defining an interior space, the outer shell being adapted to allow sufficient heat transfer with the exterior of the device, at least in some parts thereof. To that end, at least a portion of the housing may be formed from a material having high thermal conductivity properties, such as aluminum, polycarbonate and polypropylene or ABS, and may be formed with a thickness of about 1-4 mm (depending on the type of material used). In some cases, some parts of the housing may be narrower than other parts, reducing the volume of air in the interior space separating the cryogenic fluid delivery system from the outer shell of the housing. In some cases, some parts of the outer shell may be thinner or thicker than other parts.

[0014] The tank-receiving portion of the housing may comprise sufficient weight to stabilize itself. In other cases, the housing may be relatively lightweight if sufficient stability can be provided by a tank disposed within the housing. In some cases, the tank-receiving portion may be configured with a scale on its bottom surface, on which the cryogenic fluid tank may be disposed to measure the amount of cryogenic fluid stored therein. The tank-receiving portion may further comprise a retractable cart integrated therein or integrable therewith, on which the cryogenic fluid tank may be disposed.

[0015] The housing may comprise a dispensing portion through which the cryogenic gas is discharged to the exterior of the device at its top and which is connected to the tank receiving portion by an elongated neck portion.

[0016] 1, the apparatus of this example, shown as 10, has a housing 12 and a base 14 which may be separate from or integral with the housing 12. The housing 12 includes a tank receiving portion 16 at its bottom configured to receive and accommodate a cryogenic fluid tank (not shown), a dispensing portion 18 at its top, and an elongated neck 19 interconnecting the tank receiving portion 16 and the dispensing portion 18.

[0017] The tank receiving portion 16 may include an opening (not shown) with a selectively removable hatch that provides access to the interior space within the housing 12. The opening and hatch are dimensioned to receive cryogenic storage tanks of various sizes, such as 25-50 liter dewars, and in particular 35 liter dewars. In some cases, the cryogenic fluid that may be used with the device must be a non-toxic and non-flammable cryogenic fluid, such as nitrogen. In further cases, the cryogenic fluid may be liquefied air (i.e., a mixture of gases that mimics the composition of atmospheric air cooled to condensation temperatures), and in such cases the device may be operated indoors.

[0018] In general, the distribution portion can be configured to distribute gas up to 360 degrees around it by having one or more gas outlets disposed therein. The gas outlets can be disposed equidistantly from one another. The one or more gas outlets can be configured with an open state in which cryogenic fluid gas is distributed therethrough and a closed state in which cryogenic fluid gas is prevented from being distributed therethrough. In some cases, the one or more gas outlets can be manipulated to change their angle relative to the housing to increase or decrease the angle through which gas is distributed.

[0019] In this example, the distribution section 18 is located at the top of the apparatus 10 and includes three gas outlets 17A, 17B (a third not shown), each positioned 120 degrees from the other two around the periphery of the apparatus to form a cooled sphere around the apparatus.

[0020] Typically, the dispensing portion may be located between 0.5 and 3 meters above the tank receiving portion, at least during operation of the device. To that end, the neck may be configured with an extension mechanism, allowing it to extend and shorten, thereby increasing and decreasing the distance of the dispensing portion from the tank receiving portion. In some cases, the dispensing member may comprise at least one directing element for each gas outlet, for directing the gas released therefrom. In a further example of the subject matter of the present disclosure, one or more gas outlets may be located along the neck of the housing.

[0021] In this example, the elongated neck 19 is hollow and configured with a footprint substantially smaller than the tank receiving portion 16 and the dispensing portion 18. The footprint of the neck is configured to allow for the accommodation of a cryogenic fluid delivery system that provides a conduit for the cryogenic fluid delivery system to couple the cryogenic fluid tank to the dispensing portion 18. Although shown with a circular cross section, the elongated neck may take a variety of forms, for example, an elliptical cross section, or a hexagonal or octagonal cross section.

[0022] In general, a cryogenic fluid delivery system may have a tank engagement member at one end configured to receive liquid cryogenic fluid and at least one distribution member at the other end configured to distribute gaseous cryogenic fluid therefrom. The tank engagement member may be configured to be removably attached in a liquid-tight manner to the cryogenic fluid tank to allow the cryogenic fluid to selectively enter the system. The flow of cryogenic fluid from the cryogenic fluid tank into the system may occur naturally solely due to internal forces acting within the tank due to vaporization of the cryogenic fluid within the tank. In other cases, external means may be used to apply a force to the fluid within the tank to facilitate the liquid cryogenic fluid exiting the tank.

[0023] At least one distribution member may be configured to be held in an elevated position relative to the tank engaging member, at least during operation of the system, and to distribute gaseous cryogenic fluid out of the system, i.e., to and through the distribution member of the housing.

[0024] The cryogenic fluid delivery system further comprises a vaporizer module fluidly connecting the tank engaging member and the distribution member in an airtight manner. For example, the tank engaging member and the distribution member can be connected by a tubing member configured for use with a cryogenic fluid. To enable the received liquid cryogenic fluid to turn into a gaseous cryogenic fluid, the vaporizer module can comprise a boiling member configured to enable the liquid cryogenic fluid received therein to boil and vaporize into a non-pressurized gaseous cryogenic fluid, from which it is promoted to the distribution member.

[0025] The example cryogenic fluid delivery system 100 is best shown in Figures 2-5B and includes a tank engagement member 110, a distribution member 120, and a vaporizer module 130 that fluidly connects the tank engagement member 110 and the distribution member 120. The tank engagement member 110 is configured to provide a fluid-tight connection to the cryogenic fluid tank 20 to provide fluid communication between the cryogenic fluid tank 20 and the cryogenic fluid delivery system 100. In some cases, the tank engagement member 110 can be configured to connect to a tank connector arrangement that fits around the neck of the cryogenic fluid tank, as will be further described in connection with Figures 8A-10C.

[0026] In general, the distribution members of the cryogenic fluid delivery system can be configured to receive and distribute the cryogenic gas out of the vaporizer module. In some cases, the distribution device can be configured to provide a continuous flow of gas, while in other cases, the distribution device can be configured to provide bursts of gas of various intensities.

[0027] Distribution member 120 is configured to receive gaseous cryogenic fluid from vaporizer module 130 and facilitate gaseous cryogenic fluid in an airtight manner toward and out of distribution portion 18 of housing 12. In this example, distribution member 120 is configured with at least one outlet 122 configured to allow gaseous cryogenic fluid to flow from boiling chamber 140 to at least one gas outlet 17A and 17B of distribution portion 18 at approximately atmospheric pressure.

[0028] In general, the vaporizer module may be formed as an airtight tube system configured to allow flow of the cryogenic fluid from the tank engagement member to the distribution member. To this end, the vaporizer module may be formed from a material suitable for operating with the cryogenic fluid. It is emphasized that the system may operate solely by movement of the cryogenic fluid in the vaporizer module caused solely by pressure generated by ambient vaporization of the cryogenic fluid in the tank.

[0029] The vaporizer module can include a liquid receiving portion and a gas releasing portion. The liquid receiving portion can include a safety release valve having a pressure relief valve configured to allow release of cryogenic fluid from the liquid receiving portion when pressure therein rises above a certain threshold.

[0030] 3, the liquid receiving portion of the vaporizer module 130 of this example, designated 132, includes a system connection portion 133 suitable for connection to the cryogenic fluid tank 20, as described in more detail below, a liquid outlet 134, a stopcock 135 configured to allow a user to manually block the flow of fluid into the system, and a pressure relief valve 136 configured to open to direct liquid cryogenic fluid from the liquid receiving portion 132 to the outside of the system if the pressure within the liquid receiving portion 132 becomes dangerously high, i.e., exceeds 22 PSI. The gas discharge portion of this example is comprised by the distribution member 120 of the system.

[0031] In general, the vaporizer module may be configured with a boiling chamber in which liquid cryogenic fluid may boil and turn into gaseous cryogenic fluid in a controlled manner. The boiling chamber may be configured with a liquid receiving portion configured to allow liquid cryogenic fluid to accumulate therein and a gas discharge portion configured to allow the liquid cryogenic fluid accumulated therein to boil into gaseous cryogenic fluid and to facilitate its delivery in a non-pressurized manner towards the distribution member. As used herein, the term "non-pressurized manner" means that the gaseous cryogenic fluid may flow out of the distribution portion of the housing through the distribution member of the system by pressure generated solely by boiling occurring at least in the gas discharge portion of the boiling chamber.

[0032] The boiling chamber may include a liquid receiving vessel and a gas distributing vessel in fluid communication with each other. The liquid receiving vessel may define a liquid receiving portion of the boiling chamber and may be in fluid communication with the liquid receiving portion at one portion and in fluid communication with the gas distributing vessel at a different portion. The liquid receiving vessel may be configured to receive and store liquid cryogenic fluid so as to mitigate boiling of the liquid cryogenic fluid within the liquid receiving vessel.

[0033] The gas distribution vessel may constitute the gas discharge portion and may be in fluid communication with the receiving vessel to receive the liquid cryogenic fluid and in fluid communication with the distribution member to allow for distributing the gaseous cryogenic gas. The gas distribution vessel may be configured to allow the cryogenic liquid disposed therein to boil to its gaseous form in a controlled manner. The gas distribution vessel may comprise a sidewall that may be configured with suitable dimensions to be positioned adjacent to and / or fitted to the exterior envelope of the housing, more specifically the elongated neck thereof, to allow for ambient heat transfer between the exterior of the housing and the interior space of the vessel.

[0034] The liquid receiving vessel and the gas distributing vessel may be connected to each other such that liquid starts to flow into the gas distributing vessel only when the liquid receiving vessel is nearly full. In one example of the presently disclosed subject matter, the gas distributing vessel may be located on top of the liquid receiving vessel, more specifically, at least a portion of the ceiling of the liquid receiving vessel constitutes at least a portion of the floor of the gas distributing vessel. In another example, the liquid receiving vessel and the gas distributing vessel may be fluidly connected by a liquid-tight pipe element.

[0035] 2 and 4A-4B, vaporizer module 130 includes boiling chamber 140 configured to allow liquid cryogenic fluid disposed therein to boil into gaseous cryogenic fluid. In this example, boiling chamber 140 is configured to be disposed within elongated neck 19 of housing 12. In this example, its diameter is slightly smaller than the diameter of elongated neck 19. Boiling chamber 140 includes liquid receiving vessel 150 and gas dispensing vessel 160 fluidly connected to liquid receiving vessel 150 in a liquid-tight manner.

[0036] The liquid receiving vessel 150 is formed as a cylinder defining a vertically passing central axis X and includes a bottom bulkhead 152, an upper bulkhead 153, and a sidewall 154 extending therebetween and having a first inner diameter D1. The bottom bulkhead 152 defines a liquid inlet 155 through which liquid cryogenic fluid can enter from the tank via the liquid receiving portion 132, and the upper bulkhead 153 defines a liquid outlet 156. Both the liquid inlet 155 and the liquid outlet 156 are concentric with the central axis X. The gas distribution vessel 160 is also formed as a cylinder and includes a bottom bulkhead 162 forming an upper surface of the upper bulkhead 153 of the liquid receiving vessel 150, an upper bulkhead 163, and a sidewall 164 extending therebetween and having a second inner diameter D2 greater than D1. The bottom bulkhead 162 includes a liquid inlet 165 fluidly connected to the liquid outlet 156, and the top bulkhead 163 includes gas outlets 122A and 122B which together comprise the distribution member 120. The liquid inlet 165 is also concentric with the central axis X and forms a connecting channel 170 with the liquid outlet 156 of the liquid receiving vessel 150. The gas distribution vessel 160 includes at least one connector 168 configured to allow integration of add-ons into the system.

[0037] In general, the boiling chamber may further comprise a blocking device configured to selectively block fluid communication between the liquid receiving vessel and the gas distributing vessel when a predetermined amount of liquid is placed in the gas distributing tank. Thus, the liquid receiving vessel is filled to a certain extent where liquid cryogenic fluid enters the gas distributing vessel, and the blocking device blocks the fluid path when sufficient cryogenic liquid enters. Thus, the liquid cryogenic fluid in the vessel absorbs latent heat and vaporizes into gas form. Then, since the liquid to gas expansion ratio is greater for the cryogenic gas, the gas cryogenic fluid self-pressurizes and exits the system from the gas outlet of the gas distribution chamber, through the distribution member, and out of the system.

[0038] The blocking device may comprise a measuring element and a blocking element, the measuring element configured to measure an amount of liquid in the gas dispensing vessel and to activate the blocking element when a predetermined amount of liquid is measured, and the blocking element configured to block fluid communication between the liquid receiving vessel and the gas dispensing vessel upon its activation by the measuring element.

[0039] As shown in Figures 4A-4C, the boiling chamber 140 further comprises a flow blocking member 200 configured to have a permissive state allowing fluid to flow into the gas distribution vessel 160 and a blocking state preventing fluid from flowing into the gas distribution vessel 160 and allowing liquid cryogenic fluid disposed therein to boil. The flow blocking member 200 comprises a float 210 disposed within the gas distribution vessel 160 and a plug member 220 disposed within the liquid receiving vessel 150. The float 210 is configured to rise with the liquid level within the gas distribution vessel 160 and thus constitutes a measuring element for measuring the amount of liquid within the gas distribution vessel. The plug member 220 is configured to fit into the liquid outlet 156 of the liquid receiving vessel to selectively block the flow of liquid therefrom towards the gas distribution vessel 160 when actuated by the float 210.

[0040] The float 210 is configured with dimensions and formed from materials suitable for operation with a cryogenic fluid while allowing it to float in the type of cryogenic fluid stored in the cryogenic fluid tank. When the cryogenic fluid is nitrogen, the float can be formed from an engineering thermoplastic such as polyoxymethylene. The float 210 is configured with a similar shape, but slightly smaller than the gas distribution vessel 160, to prevent the float 210 from being angled relative to the sidewall 164 of the gas distribution vessel 160, while forming a gap 180 between the float 210 and the sidewall 164 through which gaseous cryogenic fluid can pass. The float 210 includes a third inner diameter D3 that is smaller than the second inner diameter D2 of the gas distribution vessel 160 and larger than the first inner diameter D1. The distance D2-D3 is configured to be sufficient to allow vaporization of liquid cryogenic fluid disposed below the float 210 and to allow the vaporized gaseous cryogenic fluid to be promoted toward the distribution member 120. In this example, the float 210 is formed of a hollow body 211 with a tightly fitted cap 212. In general, the measurement element and the blocking element can be constituted by two separate elements that communicate with each other electrically, either wired or wirelessly. For example, the float and the plug can communicate with each other wirelessly, and when the float reaches a certain distance from the bottom bulkhead of the gas dispensing vessel, the float can send a signal to the plug to block the liquid outlet. In some cases, the measurement element and the blocking element can be physically connected to form a single element, and the blocking element can be placed in the liquid receiving vessel and the measurement element can be placed in the gas dispensing vessel with a connecting member connecting them via a connecting channel. In some cases, the length of the connecting element can be changed to move the float and the plug closer to each other or farther from each other.

[0041] In the present invention, the float 210 and the plug member 220 are connected via a connecting member 230, the upper end of which is connected to the float 210 and the lower end of which is composed of the plug member 220. The connecting member 230 extends along the vertical axis X through the connecting channel 170 and has a gas distribution segment 231 disposed in the gas distribution chamber and a liquid receiving segment 232 disposed in the liquid receiving vessel 150. In the permissive state, the gas distribution segment 231 is configured with a length L1, and in the blocking state, the gas distribution segment 231 is configured with a length L2 greater than L1, the length L2-L1 determining the distance the float must rise in order for the plug to reach and block the liquid outlet 156. In this example, the liquid receiving segment 232 of the connecting member 230 is configured with a spring 234 element threaded thereto and configured to apply a force opposite to the lift force applied by the float to the connecting member 230 in the blocking state to facilitate smooth operation and transition between states of the flow blocking member 200. In another example, the float 210 is constructed with sufficient weight to provide sufficient gravitational force to facilitate smooth operation and transitions between states.

[0042] According to one example of the subject matter of the present disclosure, the device can include an insulating device around any of the vaporization module portions. Specifically, the device can include an insulating device around the boiling chamber configured to selectively provide an insulating layer between the boiling chamber and the exterior shell of the device. The insulating device can be configured in a stored state, in which the boiling chamber sidewalls are in close proximity to the exterior shell of the housing, and only air separates the boiling chamber from the exterior shell. The insulating device can also be configured in a deployed state, in which the retractable layer surrounds at least a portion of the boiling chamber. The retractable layer can be configured to have insulating properties to slow the boiling rate of the cryogenic fluid in the boiling chamber, resulting in less gaseous cryogenic fluid being dispensed through the device. In other cases, the retractable layer can be configured to have thermally conductive properties to accelerate the boiling rate of the cryogenic fluid in the boiling chamber, resulting in more gaseous cryogenic fluid being dispensed through the device.

[0043] The insulation device can include a deployment mechanism configured to selectively deploy and retract the retractable layer around any portion of the boiling chamber. The deployment mechanism can be configured to deploy the retractable layer to a desired extent between fully deployed, where the retractable layer at least completely surrounds the gas distribution chamber, and undeployed, where the retractable layer can be fully retracted within the deployment mechanism or spaced apart from the gas distribution chamber. In some cases, the deployment mechanism can be configured by a scroll mechanism or by a sleeve vertically operable to be inserted and removed from the gas distribution chamber.

[0044] In this example, the device further comprises an insulating device 250, which is in a deployed state in FIG. 5A and in a retracted state in FIG. 5B. The insulating device 250 comprises an operating mechanism 251 and a retractable layer 252 having a cylindrical shape and dimensioned to fit between the liquid receiving vessel 150 and the outer shell of the housing 12 to enclose the entire liquid receiving vessel 150. The operating mechanism 251 in this example is shown as a scroll mechanism fixedly connected to one side of the retractable layer 252 and configured to accommodate substantially the entire retractable layer 252 in the deployed state and to unfold substantially the entire retractable layer 252 in the deployed state. The operating mechanism 251 of the present invention is manually operated without the need for electricity by an actuation handle 253, allowing a user to determine the extent to which the retractable layer 252 encloses the gas dispensing vessel 160.

[0045] In general, the cryogenic fluid delivery system may include a cryogenic gas conserving module that may be configured to extend the amount of time each cryogenic fluid tank may be used. The cryogenic gas conserving module may transition between a storage state, in which the boiling chamber may accumulate cold in the form of ice and / or cold air resulting from the intense cold in the boiling chamber, in its surroundings, and a distribution state, in which cooling is achieved by convection means. The cryogenic gas conserving module may be configured to utilize its accumulated cold to cool the surroundings without using cryogenic fluid, meaning that the flow of cryogenic fluid may be prevented while the cryogenic gas conserving module is operating. The cryogenic gas conserving module may be operated by activating at least one air flow generator that generates an air flow that is cooled by the cold air in the device and conveys it to the external surroundings of the device, while using a cryogenic valve to reduce and / or prevent the flow of cryogenic fluid towards the boiling chamber. The convection of the accumulated cold may also raise the temperature of the boiling chamber and its immediate surroundings to a temperature range favorable for the smooth operation of the boiling chamber.

[0046] The cryogenic gas saving module can be configured to operate with power that can be obtained from either an external power grid, self-generated electricity, or a battery that is part of the system. In some cases, power can be generated during operation of the boiling chamber and discharged during operation of the cryogenic gas saving module. If batteries can be used to provide power to the cryogenic gas saving module, the system can include two battery slots configured to allow one battery to power the module and the other battery to be charged outside of the system.

[0047] In some cases, the cryogenic gas conserving module may be configured with a thermal sensor in electronic communication with the cryogenic valve and the convection means, In such a case, when the temperature of the boiling chamber drops below a predetermined threshold, the cryogenic gas conserving module provides a command to the cryogenic valve to prevent or significantly reduce flow from the tank towards the boiling chamber while activating the convection means.

[0048] In this example shown in Figures 6A-6C, the cryogenic gas saving module 110' interconnects the tank engaging member 110 to the boiling chamber 140 by means of a cryogenic valve 116'. The cryogenic valve 116' is connected to a valve engine box 112', in which there is a motor (not shown) configured to operate the cryogenic valve 116'. At least one convection member 119' can be arranged adjacent to the boiling chamber and can be configured to operate to transport cool air from within the air conditioner to its exterior. A communication module (not shown) is arranged in the valve engine box 112' and configured to receive information regarding the amount of cool air accumulated around the boiling chamber 140 by means of a temperature sensor (also not shown) and to communicate accordingly with the convection means 119' and the motor of the cryogenic valve 116'.

[0049] 6B, the amount of cold air (C) accumulated above the boiling chamber 140 is not sufficient to induce sufficient cooling outside the system, and thus normal operation of the system 100 occurs with a flow of liquid cryogenic fluid (arrow L) towards the boiling chamber and a flow of gaseous cryogenic fluid (arrow G) towards the distribution member. In this situation, the cryogenic valve 116 is open (normally open in this case) and the convection means is not operating.

[0050] As shown in Fig. 6C, the amount of cold (C) accumulated above the boiling chamber 140 is now sufficient to induce sufficient cooling to the exterior of the system, and therefore the cryogenic gas conservation module 110' is transitioned to a dispensing state. In the dispensing state, the flow of liquid cryogenic fluid (arrow L) towards the boiling chamber is blocked (arrow L). In this situation, the cryogenic valve 116 is closed and the convection means 119 operates to transfer heat to the exterior of the housing.

[0051] 7A and 7B show an exemplary cryogenic fluid tank for use with the apparatus of the present invention. Cryogenic fluid tank 20 includes an outer jacket 21 and an inner fluid holding vessel 22 which may have a layer of insulation (not shown) therebetween. Inner fluid holding vessel 22 forms a neck portion 23 with outer jacket 21 and defines an opening to inner fluid holding vessel 22, with inlet tube 24 formed therein extending from the neck portion into inner fluid holding vessel 22 to approximately the bottom thereof.

[0052] In accordance with the subject matter of the present disclosure, the tank engagement member of the cryogenic fluid delivery system can be configured for fluid-tight removably attachment to the cryogenic fluid tank to selectively allow the cryogenic fluid to exit the tank and enter the system. To this end, the cryogenic fluid tank can be configured with a tank connector device to which the tank engagement member of the cryogenic fluid delivery system can be connected to allow the system to be attached to and detached from the tank in a manner that is quick and convenient for a user and without exposing the cryogenic fluid stored in the tank to the environment. The tank connector device can include a coupling element configured to fixedly attach the tank connector device to the cryogenic fluid tank.

[0053] In general, a tank connector apparatus that may be configured for liquid-tight attachment to a cryogenic fluid tank may include a tank mounting apparatus configured to fit around a neck of the tank and a fluid draw module configured to facilitate flow of fluid cryogenic fluid from the tank, through the body to its exterior in a controlled manner. The tank mounting apparatus may include a central tunnel that traverses along its vertical axis to allow fluid to flow therethrough.

[0054] In some cases, the fluid draw-in module can be fitted fluid-tight within the central tunnel and can have a fluid inlet portion projecting perpendicularly from the tank facing surface in a direction away from the exterior facing surface and a fluid outlet portion projecting perpendicularly from the exterior facing surface in a direction away from the tank facing surface. The fluid inlet portion can be configured to be received within the inner vessel and operable to enable flow of the cryogenic fluid from the inner vessel towards the fluid outlet portion. The fluid outlet portion can be configured in fluid communication with at least one fluid distribution member operable to selectively enable flow of the cryogenic fluid out of the tank connector arrangement.

[0055] One example of a tank connector apparatus 300 of the subject matter of the present disclosure is shown in Figures 8A and 8B attached to a cryogenic fluid tank 20 and in Figures 9A and 9B with a system connection portion 400 of a tank engaging member 110. The tank connector apparatus 300 includes a cap-like body 310 having a sidewall 311 extending between a system-facing surface 312 and an opposing tank-facing surface 313. The sidewall 311 is dimensioned to fit snugly within the neck portion 23. The sidewall also includes a skirt 314 projecting laterally outwardly from a portion of the sidewall 311 above the tank-facing surface 313 and extending sufficiently to be positioned at the top of the neck portion 23, with the portion of the neck below the skirt 314 defining a neck mating portion 315 configured to fit snugly within the neck portion 23 when the tank connector apparatus 300 is attached to the cryogenic fluid tank 20. The skirt 314 has a bottom surface with a circumferential groove (not shown) and a sealing band disposed thereon to prevent leakage of fluid from the cryogenic fluid tank 20 when the cap-like body 310 is attached to the cryogenic fluid tank 20.

[0056] The cap-like body 310 also includes a pressure gauge 316, a one-way valve 317, and at least one relief valve 318 that extends from the outside into an internal space formed in the cap-like body 310 and is in fluid communication with three gas-permissive openings (two of which, 315A and 315B, are shown) formed in the tank-facing surface 313 of the cap-like body 310, which is hollow in this example, and which allows fluid communication with the inner fluid holding vessel 22 when attached to the tank.

[0057] In general, the coupling element of the tank connector device may be constituted by an integral part of the cap-like body, such as an extension of a skirt that can be screwed onto the neck portion of the tank. In other cases, the coupling element may be implemented by any attachment means known to the person skilled in the art. More specifically, the coupling element may have at least a portion of the coupling element configured to be placed against the cap-like body and at least a portion of the coupling element configured to be placed against the neck portion from its interior or exterior. The coupling element may be constituted with a fastening device that operates to increase the attachment of the tank attachment device to the neck portion.

[0058] In this example, the tank connector device 300 comprises a coupling element 320 configured as a tightening clamp, formed of two semicircles 321A and 321B pivotally connected to one another at one end and having at its other end a tightening device 324. Each semicircle of the coupling element 320 is configured with a top rim projecting laterally inwardly from its upper end and configured to be mounted on the skirt 314 of the cap-like body, and a bottom rim projecting laterally inwardly from its bottom surface and configured to rest against a portion of the neck portion of the tank, which in this example is one of a number of circumferential grooves 25 embedded in the neck portion 23, allowing such a fit.

[0059] In general, the liquid drawing module can include a tank-facing portion and a mounting portion. In some examples, the tank-facing portion can extend vertically outward from the tank-facing surface to an extent sufficient to reach near the bottom of the inner fluid-holding vessel when connected to the tank, to allow drawing in liquid even when there is a small amount of cryogenic liquid in the tank. In other examples, the tank-engaging member of the system can be configured by a flexible hose, and the tank-facing portion can be fixed to allow easy removal of the flexible hose from the cryogenic fluid tank, allowing for easy attachment thereof since the cryogenic fluid tank can be positioned within a radius instead of a specific spot for the flexible hose to reach.

[0060] The mounting portion of the liquid drawing module t can face the exterior of the system facing surface and can be flush, protrude from, or recessed into the system facing surface. The mounting portion can include a receiving socket configured to matably receive a corresponding engagement member of the cryogenic fluid delivery system in an air-tight manner. The corresponding engagement member of the cryogenic fluid delivery system can have a complementary shape to the receiving socket, and the receiving socket can be configured with a flow blocking mechanism configured to prevent fluid flow through the receiving socket when the corresponding engagement member is not fully engaged with the receiving socket.

[0061] In this example, the tank connector device 300 comprises a liquid-drawing module t340 that traverses the cap-like body 310 from the system-facing surface 312 to the tank-facing surface 313 and is concentric with a central vertical axis X'. The liquid-drawing module t340 comprises a tank-facing portion constituted by a tube 330 that extends vertically downward from the tank-facing surface 313 of the cap-like body 310. The tube 330 comprises a height H3 that is slightly larger than the height H2 of the inner fluid holding vessel 22, which is sufficient to reach near its bottom to be able to draw liquid even when the amount of liquid in the inner fluid holding vessel 22 is low.

[0062] The mounting portion of the liquid retraction module 340 comprises a receiving socket 350 recessed within the system-facing surface 312 of the cap-like body 310, with a quick connector (not shown) interconnecting the receiving socket 350 and the tube 330. The receiving socket 350 is configured with sloping side walls 351 converging to a bottom opening 352 leading to a selective connector 355. The upper surface of the sloping side walls 351 is configured with a guide rim 353 projecting vertically upward from the system-facing surface 312 to allow guided insertion of a corresponding element into the receiving socket 350. The selective connector 355 in this example is configured to selectively allow fluid passage therethrough only when a corresponding mating element is fitted therein.

[0063] In general, the tank engagement member of the cryogenic fluid delivery system may be comprised of a system connector portion configured to form a removable fluid passage with the tank connector device 300. The system connection portion may comprise a connector body having a system side and a tank facing side. The system side may comprise a system connector configured to enable a liquid-tight connection to the cryogenic fluid delivery system, more specifically to a vaporizer module. The tank facing side may comprise a corresponding engagement element projecting perpendicularly therefrom and configured to be tightly and fluid-tightly fitted into a receiving socket of the tank fastening portion, more specifically to be fitted snugly at least partially through an opening in the bottom of the receiving socket.

[0064] In this example, the tank engagement member of the cryogenic fluid delivery system 100 comprises a system interface portion 400 configured to engage with the tank connector arrangement 300. The system interface portion 400 comprises a body 410 having a sidewall 411 extending between a system facing surface 312 and a tank facing surface 413 having a circumference matching or larger than the system facing surface 412 of the tank connector arrangement 300. To enable a fluid-tight connection between the system interface portion 400 and the tank connector arrangement 300, the system facing surface 312 of the cap-like body 310 comprises a circumferential recess 319 extending around its circumference and having a sealing band 319A fitted snugly therein.

[0065] The system connection portion 400 includes a corresponding engaging element 415 projecting from the tank-facing surface 413 and a system connector (not shown) projecting from the system-facing surface 412, both extending along and concentric with a central vertical axis X'. The corresponding engaging element 415 includes a socket-matching portion 414 configured with a cross-section that matches the receiving socket 350 to fit snugly into the receiving socket 350, and the corresponding engaging element 415 is configured to match the selective connector 355.

[0066] In general, the tank connector device may be configured with an extension mechanism configured to operate between a stored state in which the system connection portion is spaced from the tank engaging member to allow removal of the tank with or without the tank engaging member, and a mated state in which the system connection portion is air-tightly mated onto the tank engaging member. In some cases, the system connection portion may comprise an extension mechanism, where in the stored state at least the engagement element is spaced from the system connector to a first extent, and in the mated state the engagement element is spaced from the system connector to a second extent that is greater than the first extent, but still provides a fluid-tight passageway from the engagement element to outside of the system connector.

[0067] Another example of a tank connector apparatus 300' of the subject matter of the present disclosure is shown in Figures 10A-10C and installed on a cryogenic fluid tank 20. The tank connector apparatus 300 includes an extensible body 310 having a sidewall 311 extending between a system-facing surface 312 and an opposing tank-facing surface 313. The sidewall 311 is dimensioned to fit snugly within the neck portion 23. The body also includes a skirt 314 that projects laterally outward from the system-facing surface 312 and extends sufficiently to be disposed over the top of the neck portion 23.

[0068] In general, the tank connector device can be connected to the neck portion of the cryogenic fluid tank by being fitted tightly and liquid-tightly to the neck portion. In some cases, the tank connector device can be configured to increase its diameter to press against the inner wall of the neck portion, thereby providing a liquid-tight seal. The tank connector device can have a rigid core and a compressible envelope, the compressible envelope designed to be fitted onto the rigid core in a manner that allows it to be compressed to increase its diameter. In some cases, the portion of the tank connector device 300' that is intended to be compressed against the side wall can be configured with a rigid surface to increase friction between them.

[0069] In this example, the body comprises a rigid hollow tunnel 370 having an inner wall 371, a tank-facing portion 370A, and an exterior-facing portion 370B. The rigid hollow tunnel 370 traverses the body from the system-facing side 312 to the tank-facing side 313 along its vertical axis X, and the compressible exterior shell 372 is held on the rigid hollow tunnel 370 by a bottom nut 373 attached thereto. The extensible body 310 is configured to be transitionable between a normal state having a first diameter and an extensible state having a second diameter larger than the first diameter and allowing for a tight fit within the neck portion 23. The body is configured to be compressed from the normal state to the extensible state by a tightening nut 374 that is threadedly engaged with a thread disposed on the exterior-facing portion 370B of the rigid hollow tunnel 370. The tightening nut 374 comprises a side handle 374A that allows a user to change the state of the body from the normal state to the extensible state.

[0070] The tank connector apparatus 300' further comprises a gas-containing portion 375 (or fluid outlet) configured to receive cryogenic gas from a cryogenic fluid tank and selectively allow its release to the exterior of the tank connector apparatus 300'. The gas-containing portion 375 comprises a pressure gauge 316, a one-way valve 317, and at least one relief valve 318 extending from the exterior to an interior space formed within the gas-containing portion 375.

[0071] The tank connector device 300' comprises a liquid-drawing member 330 constituted by a pipe having a diameter smaller than the diameter of the internal space of the gas-containing portion 375. The liquid-drawing member 330 comprises a top portion having a mounting portion protruding from the upper surface of the gas-containing portion 375, which is identical to the mounting portion of the liquid-drawing module t340. The liquid-drawing member 330 also comprises a bottom portion extending vertically away from the tank-facing surface 313 of the body 310 and aligned with its vertical axis. The liquid-drawing member 330 and the inner wall 371 of the rigid hollow tunnel 370 are concentric and spaced apart from each other over their entire length to allow the cryogenic gas to flow within the space from the cryogenic fluid tank to the gas-containing portion 375 (as shown in FIG. 10C).

Claims

1. A cryogenic fluid delivery system for use with a cryogenic fluid tank, comprising: a. A tank engagement member fixedly attached to the cryogenic fluid tank and configured to selectively allow the outflow of cryogenic fluid from the tank into the system; b. At least one distribution member configured to distribute cryogenic fluid outside the system and, optionally, held at a high position relative to the tank engagement member, at least during operation of the system; c. A vaporizer module fluidly connected to the tank engagement member and the at least one distribution member, The vaporizer module further comprising a boiling chamber having a liquid receiving portion configured to receive liquid cryogenic fluid and a gas discharge portion disposed therein for boiling the liquid cryogenic fluid into gaseous cryogenic fluid and facilitating the delivery of the liquid cryogenic fluid in a non-pressurized manner towards the at least one distribution member, the boiling chamber comprising: i. A liquid receiving container forming the liquid receiving portion, comprising a liquid cryogenic fluid inlet in fluid communication with the tank engagement member and a liquid outlet; ii. A gas discharge container forming the gas discharge portion, comprising a fluid inlet in fluid communication with the liquid outlet of the liquid receiving container and a gas outlet in fluid communication with the distribution member; iii. A flow blocking member configured to selectively block fluid communication between the liquid receiving container and the gas discharge container when a predetermined amount of liquid is contained within the gas distribution member. A cryogenic fluid delivery system.

2. The cryogenic fluid delivery system according to claim 1, wherein the flow blocking member comprises a float member disposed within the gas discharge container and a plug member disposed within the liquid receiving container and connected to the float member by a connecting element, the plug member being configured in a shape suitable for closing the liquid outlet of the liquid receiving container.

3. The cryogenic fluid delivery system according to claim 2, wherein the liquid receiving container is disposed adjacent to and below the gas release container, and the liquid outlet of the liquid receiving container is disposed adjacent to and below the fluid inlet of the gas release container.

4. The cryogenic fluid delivery system according to claim 2, wherein the float member is configured with dimensions and density sufficient to allow the float member to float on the cryogenic fluid of the type stored in the cryogenic fluid tank.

5. The cryogenic fluid delivery system according to claim 1, wherein the cryogenic fluid delivery system is exposed to ambient temperature.

6. The cryogenic fluid delivery system according to claim 1, wherein the cryogenic fluid delivery system at least partially does not include a heat insulating material from the ambient environment.

7. The cryogenic fluid delivery system according to claim 6, wherein at least a part of the boiling chamber is provided with a boiling rate control device.

8. The cryogenic fluid delivery system according to claim 1, further comprising a pressurizing device configured to controllably apply pressure to the cryogenic fluid in the boiling chamber.

9. The cryogenic fluid delivery system according to claim 8, wherein the pressurizing device includes at least one heating element configured to at least indirectly apply heat to the interior of the boiling chamber, and a pressure sensor configured to measure the gas pressure inside the interior of the boiling chamber.

10. The cryogenic fluid delivery system according to claim 1, wherein the cryogenic fluid is liquid nitrogen or liquid air.

11. The cryogenic fluid delivery system according to claim 1, wherein the boiling chamber further includes a safety device configured to prevent the liquid cryogenic fluid from exiting the system.

12. An air conditioner for use with an ultra-low temperature fluid tank, comprising: a housing having at a lower end a tank receiving portion configured to house the ultra-low temperature fluid tank; a hollow neck extending vertically upward from the tank receiving portion and configured to house at least a part of a vaporizer module of the ultra-low temperature fluid delivery system according to claim 1 therein; and a distribution portion at an upper part of the housing configured to house at least one distribution member of the ultra-low temperature fluid delivery system.

13. The air conditioner according to claim 12, wherein the neck comprises an extension mechanism operable to increase and decrease the length of the neck and thereby increase and decrease the distance between the tank receiving portion and the distribution portion.

14. The air conditioner according to claim 12, wherein the neck is substantially narrower than the tank receiving portion and the distribution head.

15. The air conditioner according to claim 12, further comprising an ultra-low temperature gas saving module configured to convey outside the housing cold air generated around the boiling chamber as a result of the operation of the boiling chamber while preventing the flow of the ultra-low temperature fluid toward the boiling chamber.

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