Coastal Solutions

Abstract

The present invention relates to coastal solutions. The coastal solution comprises a plurality of bottom-mounted infrastructure modules defining a boundary and forming a lagoon, each of the plurality of bottom-mounted infrastructure modules being configured to transfer the load of the bottom-mounted infrastructure module to the seabed and to withstand the surrounding water pressure. The coastal solution further comprises a general-purpose module, which may be either bottom-mounted or floating, the floating infrastructure module being located within the boundary or breakwater. The floating infrastructure module is designed to allow relatively light infrastructure services and traffic networks, such as vehicles, to pass through. The general-purpose module is designed for live-work-play, housing residences, offices, and recreational facilities, etc. The bottom-mounted general-purpose module is designed to accommodate a relatively heavy upper structure, and the floating general-purpose module is designed to accommodate a relatively tall upper structure.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to coastal solutions for lifestyle living spaces on water. In particular, the present invention relates to a comprehensive coastal solution of a set of infrastructure and live-work-play modules that is an alternative approach to help protect coasts and address sea level rise. The coastal solution comprises a number of large modular structures that can be fully pre-assembled on-site and / or in a factory and combined in various configurations to provide solutions for climate change, coastal protection, and large scale infrastructure and built environment spaces. These modules are connected to land to create an extension of the land-based housing complex into the marine space. [Background technology]

[0002] Climate change is a global phenomenon that may not be recognized by many, but is one of the most serious challenges facing humanity. Climate change will have devastating consequences, including economic impacts, as well as the destruction of biodiversity, loss of food sources. For many countries, the impacts of climate change are most noticeable in the severity of warming and increased precipitation, and especially sea level rise.

[0003] Traditional static solutions such as building seawalls and land reclamation have been implemented, but these are not sustainable solutions. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] Therefore, practitioners are constantly striving to provide alternative solutions for coastal protection, address the challenges of sea level rise due to climate change, and provide land resilience to support a growing population. [Means for solving the problem]

[0005] The above and other problems are solved and the state of the art is advanced by the coastal solution according to the present invention. A first advantage of the coastal solution is that it provides an alternative solution to address sea level rise due to climate change. A second advantage of the coastal solution is that it is an alternative (and complementary) climate change adaptation method to land reclamation and coastal protection. A third advantage of the coastal solution is that it is a reusable solution. In particular, the coastal solution is portable with the ability to be deployed and redeployed for different uses in different locations. A fourth advantage of the coastal solution is that it is scalable and exportable, that can be built to order and adapted and expanded as the need arises. A fifth advantage is that the coastal solution includes multiple large modular structures that can be fully pre-assembled on-site and / or in a factory and assembled in various configurations to provide solutions for climate change, coastal protection, and large scale infrastructure and built environment space.

[0006] A first aspect of the invention relates to a coastal solution comprising a plurality of bottom-mounted infrastructure modules defining a coastal solution boundary, each configured to transfer loads of the bottom-mounted infrastructure modules to the seabed and to withstand surrounding water pressure, a plurality of floating general-purpose modules and a plurality of floating infrastructure modules each comprising a restraint configured to moor the floating general-purpose and floating infrastructure modules to open ends of piles extending from the seabed, and a plurality of bottom-mounted general-purpose modules, all located within a coastal solution boundary defined by the plurality of bottom-mounted infrastructure modules.

[0007] In one form of the first aspect of the invention, the nearshore solution further comprises a gate between two adjacent bottom-based infrastructure modules.

[0008] In one form of the first aspect of the present invention, each of the plurality of bottom-mounted infrastructure modules and the plurality of bottom-mounted general-purpose modules further comprises a plurality of columns configured to transfer bottom loads to the seabed and a hull configured to withstand surrounding water pressure.

[0009] In one form of the first aspect of the present invention, each of the plurality of bottom-mounted infrastructure modules and the plurality of bottom-mounted general-purpose modules further comprises a top layer above water level adapted for lifestyle and transportation facilities, a bottom layer configured for storage, and a plurality of basement layers between the top and bottom layers configured for underground lifestyle and transportation networks, and public facility storage facilities.

[0010] In one form of the first aspect of the present invention, the bottom layer comprises a ballast system for controlling the buoyancy of the bottom-based infrastructure module or bottom-based general-purpose module.

[0011] In one form of the first aspect of the present invention, the plurality of basement layers are open space.

[0012] In one form of the first aspect of the present invention, each of the bottom-mounted infrastructure module and the bottom-mounted general-purpose module is provided with a concrete spacer installed in a fixed position on the bottom of the bottom-mounted infrastructure module or the bottom-mounted general-purpose module as a means for adjusting the height of the bottom-mounted infrastructure module or the bottom-mounted general-purpose module.

[0013] In one form of the first aspect of the present invention, the concrete spacer is a concrete block.

[0014] In one form of the first aspect of the present invention, each of the plurality of floating general-purpose modules and the plurality of floating infrastructure modules further comprises a first basement layer and a second basement layer, and the restraints are provided along the outer periphery of the floating general-purpose modules or floating infrastructure modules and are integrally connected to the side walls of the first and second basement layers.

[0015] In one form of the first aspect of the invention, the restraint includes rollers between the piles and guides within the restraint to securely restrain the floating general purpose module or floating infrastructure module by the piles in a lateral direction perpendicular to the surface of the first basement layer.

[0016] In one form of the first aspect of the invention, the second basement layer comprises a ballast system for controlling the buoyancy of the floating general purpose module or floating infrastructure module.

[0017] In one form of the first aspect of the invention, the ballast system is an actively compensated ballast system configured to maintain the floating utility module or floating infrastructure module at a particular draft and uprightness.

[0018] In one form of the first aspect of the invention, the first basement layer comprises interior space for underground living infrastructure, transportation infrastructure, and utility infrastructure for storage, energy generation, and power plants.

[0019] In one embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, the bottom-mounted general-purpose module and the floating general-purpose module are hexagonal.

[0020] In one form of the first aspect of the invention, the nearshore solution further comprises a flexible linking arm configured to couple the bottom-mounted infrastructure module and the floating general-purpose module together.

[0021] In one form of the first aspect of the invention, the bottom-based and floating modules will be manufactured using sustainable materials, subject to further technical and cost evaluation. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0022] These and other features and advantages of the present invention are described in the following detailed description and illustrated in the following drawings. [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a floating infrastructure according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an infrastructure bottom-mounted module according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Diagram 3] FIG. 3 illustrates a universal bottom-mounted module according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an infrastructure floating module according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Diagram 5] FIG. 5 illustrates a universal floating module according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a restraint coupled to a mooring pile according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0023] The present invention relates to coastal solutions for lifestyle living spaces on water. In particular, the present invention relates to an integrated coastal solution of a set of infrastructure modules and general purpose or live-work-play modules that is an alternative approach to help protect coasts and address sea level rise. The coastal solution includes modules that create an integrated living breakwater to provide coastal protection and create new urban space. These modules are connected to land to create an extension of the land-based housing complex into the marine space.

[0024] It is expected that sea levels will rise by 0.63 m this century and global sea surface temperatures will increase by 1-4°C due to climate change and global warming, causing the destruction of coastal cities and coastal marine biodiversity. Thus, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the coastal solution of the present invention provides an alternative source of resilient and sustainable land that is built with low / zero carbon sustainable materials. The coastal solution may be used to house smart and energy efficient buildings, where power is generated by renewable energy sources. Furthermore, since the structures and equipment for building the coastal solution are modular in nature, the coastal solution has improved scalability and adaptability and may be deployed on a global scale. The occupancy of marine space by floating cities may disrupt existing shipping routes and anchorages, and the modularity of the coastal solution ensures full utilization of the marine space reserved for the floating city.

[0025] Unlike the design of offshore floating structures such as semi-submersibles whose main functions are located above sea level for oil drilling operations, the design of coastal solutions for live-work-play purposes requires a more thorough study of human comfort. Maximum acceleration values ​​referring to the classification rule recommendations have been used in the design of this invention, and if the acceleration exceeds the limit, humans may perceive motion and become seasick.

[0026] Coastal solutions are a sustainable alternative that can address the effects of sea level rise while creating new living and lifestyle spaces above and below water level. Furthermore, the comfort of occupants of floating platforms should not be compromised, even when environmental conditions are different compared to fixed structures on land.

[0027] To promote sustainability, the coastal solution will also include the following environmentally friendly features, which will be adopted following further technical and cost evaluation:

[0028] - Adopt the use of environmentally friendly concrete such as carbon-hardened concrete, concrete with recycled concrete aggregates (RCA), or concrete using cement replacement technologies. These technologies help reduce carbon emissions by using the released carbon dioxide to harden the cement or convert it into fuel and other useful products. Cement replacement technologies allow concrete to be produced without the need for Portland cement, instead using substitutes such as steel slag, a waste product from steel mills, to harden the concrete.

[0029] - Installation of solar panels on the roof of the upper structure - Rainwater collection and treatment facilities on the roof of the upper structure - Greening of walls to promote awareness of green coverage and environmental issues The coastal solution comprises an infrastructure module and a live-work-play module.

[0030] There are two types of infrastructure modules: bottom-mounted and floating. Bottom-mounted modules act as breakwaters for coastal protection. Floating infrastructure modules are for relatively light loads.

[0031] For general purpose or live-work-play modules, there are bottom-mounted modules and floating modules. Bottom-mounted modules accommodate relatively heavy loads and therefore buildings or superstructures with relatively many floors. Floating modules accommodate relatively light loads with relatively few floors and superstructures.

[0032] The bottom-based infrastructure modules form a breakwater to protect the coast and form a lagoon. The floating infrastructure modules, bottom-based and floating general-purpose or live-work-play modules are formed within this lagoon to form a coastal township. The bottom-based infrastructure modules forming the breakwater have openings / gates to allow emergency / maintenance access in and out of the lagoon and also to allow water transfer between the lagoon and the open sea. The coastal solution infrastructure modules and general-purpose or live-work-play modules are described in more detail below: Introduction of Coastal Solutions 100 (basic plan) FIG. 1 shows a coastal solution 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The coastal solution 100 comprises a number of bottom-mounted infrastructure modules 110, a number of floating infrastructure modules 130, and a number of general-purpose modules (bottom-mounted or floating) 120. The general-purpose modules 120 are intended for live-work-play purposes. Thus, the general-purpose modules 120 may also be known as general-purpose live-work-play modules 120. The general-purpose modules 120 may be bottom-mounted or floating, depending on the requirements. FIG. 2 shows the bottom-mounted infrastructure module 110, FIG. 3 shows the bottom-mounted general-purpose module 120, FIG. 4 shows the floating infrastructure module 130, and FIG. 5 shows the floating general-purpose module 120. A gate 150 is provided between the two bottom-mounted infrastructure modules 110 to allow vessels to enter and leave the coastal solution 100.

[0033] The bottom-based infrastructure modules 110 are positioned to define the boundaries of the coastal solution 100 as well as the shape of the coastal protection breakwater, and each of the bottom-based modules 110 is designed to transfer the loads of the bottom-based infrastructure modules 110 to the seabed, and the hulls of the modules are designed to withstand the surrounding water pressure.

[0034] The floating infrastructure module 130 and the floating general-purpose module 120 are provided with restraints configured to secure the floating infrastructure module 130 and the floating general-purpose module 120 to open ends of piles (such as mooring piles) extending from the seabed. The bottom-based general-purpose module 120, the floating infrastructure module 130, and the floating general-purpose module 120 are positioned within the boundary of the bottom-based infrastructure module 110. In this configuration, the floating infrastructure module 130 and the floating general-purpose module 120 will be within a lagoon area protected by the bottom-based infrastructure module 110, which acts as a breakwater forming the lagoon area.

[0035] Each universal module 120 has an area of ​​5,000 square meters, which allows it to accommodate approximately 2000 inhabitants, and three universal modules 120, when connected together, can accommodate up to 6000 inhabitants. These figures can vary depending on how the upper structures are designed and whether they are used more for apartments, offices or other recreational purposes.

[0036] To reduce greenhouse gas emissions, the modules 110, 120, 130 are manufactured using environmentally friendly concrete techniques that incorporate carbon dioxide for hardening or replace cement with alternative materials such as concrete that utilizes metal slag, silica binder, and recycled concrete aggregate (RCA). Additionally, each module 110, 120, 130 is made of reinforced concrete construction with a beehive-like configuration, such as a honeycomb structure, to provide rigidity strength and redundancy.

[0037] The space on the top surface of the modules 110, 120, 130 can be used for functions such as roads, parks and gardens, shopping malls, park connectors, etc. The space at the underground level can be used for functions such as train tunnels / stations, underground shopping spaces, storage spaces, parking lots, underground tunnels, water spaces, shore disposal and power connections, etc., as described in more detail below.

[0038] 1 shows the modules 110, 120, 130 having the same dimensions, those skilled in the art will recognize that non-uniform modules 110, 120, 130 may be implemented without departing from the invention. Additionally, the modules 110, 120, 130 may be hexagonal in shape so that they can be easily interconnected to form larger clusters. Bottom-mounted module The bottom-based infrastructure modules 110 are constructed to define a boundary (also referred to as a perimeter) of the coastal solution 100 that forms a lagoon area within the boundary. The bottom-based infrastructure modules 110 function as a form of coastal protection breakwater to solve the problem of sea level rise. The bottom-based infrastructure modules 110 can also be considered as a form of coastal protection breakwater. As shown in FIG. 1, the boundary of the coastal solution 100 is defined by the coastline and the bottom-based infrastructure modules 110. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that the coastal solution 100 may be constructed beyond the coastline 190 with multiple bottom-based infrastructure modules 110 connected to each other to define the perimeter of the coastal solution 100 without departing from the present invention.

[0039] There are two types of bottom-mounted modules: bottom-mounted infrastructure module 110 shown in FIG. 1 (although the details of the bottom-mounted infrastructure module are referred to as 110a in FIG. 2) and bottom-mounted general-purpose module 120 shown in FIG. 1 (although the details of the bottom-mounted general-purpose module are referred to as 120a in FIG. 3).

[0040] As shown in Figures 2 and 3, the bottom-mounted modules 110a, 120a will be seated directly on the seabed. It is therefore necessary to ensure that the seabed is as flat and regular as possible. If the seabed is irregular or wavy, the seating structure of the bottom-mounted modules 110a, 120a seated thereon will spread and risk being overstressed. To avoid such risks, a marine geophysical survey should be carried out in preparation for the seabed preparation works. The survey can identify any anomalies on the surface of the seabed, map buried objects within the rocks and upper unconsolidated seabed sediments, and reveal information about the nature of the seabed. After the survey is completed, the seabed will be prepared by removing the top layer or laying a layer of material on the seabed to form a flat bed.

[0041] Gates 150 are provided between the bottom-based modules 110a, 120a that define the perimeter of the floating infrastructure, allowing vessels to enter and leave the coastal solution 100. Essentially, the bottom-based modules 110a, 120a are used for coastal protection breakwaters and flood control.

[0042] After on-site fabrication, assembly, and commissioning, the bottom-based modules 110a, 120a will be floated to the installation site by de-ballasting the ballast system in the bottom layer 110a4, 120a3, and then ballasted down onto the seabed. Similarly, the bottom-based modules 110a, 120a can be de-ballasted and relocated if the need arises. Thus, the ballast tanks in the ballast system in the bottom layer 110a4, 120a3 are provided to allow for transportation of the bottom-based modules 110a, 120a during installation, as well as any possible future relocation. - Bottom mounted module - internal components The bottom-based infrastructure module 110a comprises a top layer 110a1, a first basement layer 110a2, a second basement layer 110a3, and a bottom layer 110a4. The top layer 110a1 is for lifestyle and transportation, such as malls, parks, and roads. The first basement layer 110a2 is configured for interior space used for underground parking, underground shopping areas, and the like. The second basement layer 110a3 is configured for infrastructure applications, such as storage, energy generation, power plants, and train tunnels. The bottom layer 110a4 is configured for storage and ballast systems. Those skilled in the art will recognize that more basement layers may be added between the top layer 110a1 and the bottom layer 110a4, depending on the depth of the water level to the seabed. The bottom-based infrastructure module 110a comprises columns 110a8, 110a9, and 110a10 for transferring the load of the bottom-based infrastructure module 110 to the seabed.

[0043] The bottom-mounted general-purpose module 120a comprises a top layer 120a1, a number of basement layers 120a2, and a bottom layer 120a3. The top layer 120a1 is for lifestyle and transportation, such as malls, parks, and roads. Unlike the infrastructure module 110a, the top layer 120a1 is configured for medium to high density residential complexes, such as 8 to 15 stories. The basement layers 120a2 are configured for interior spaces used for underground parking, underground shopping malls, and the like, as well as infrastructure applications, such as storage, energy generation, power plants, and train tunnels. The bottom layer 120a3 is configured for storage and ballast systems. Those skilled in the art will recognize that the number of basement layers 120a2 depends on the depth of the water level to the seabed.

[0044] FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of the bottom-based infrastructure module 110a. The left side of FIG. 2 shows the water level 110a5, and the right side of FIG. 3 shows the water level at high tide 110a6 and the water level at low tide 110a7. To address the possibility of water level rise due to global warming and climate change, an appropriate freeboard (distance between the water surface and the top surface) is designed to take into account future water level rise. As an added measure of future proofing, the bottom-based infrastructure module 110a or the bottom-based general-purpose module 120a will be designed to withstand the water pressure and load of increased water levels, and if needed in the future, additional breakwaters can be built off-site and installed on the top layer 110a1 of the bottom-based infrastructure module 110a or the bottom-based general-purpose module 120a.

[0045] The bottom-based modules 110a, 120a have concrete spacers in place at the bottom of the structure as a means to adjust the height of the bottom-based modules 110a, 120a to meet freeboard requirements. The concrete spacers are essentially concrete blocks placed between the bottom layer 110a4, 120a3 and the seabed. Floating module Similar to the bottom-mounted modules 110a, 120a, there are two types of floating infrastructure modules, namely, the floating infrastructure module 130 as shown in Fig. 1 (but the details of the floating infrastructure module are called 130a in Fig. 4) and the floating general-purpose module 120 as shown in Fig. 1 (but the details of the floating general-purpose module are called 120b in Fig. 5). The floating infrastructure module 130a is designed for relatively light infrastructure services and traffic passing such as vehicles or park connectors, while the floating general-purpose module 120b is designed to accommodate housing, offices and recreational facilities.

[0046] The floating modules 130a, 120b will be anchored by mooring piles as shown in Figures 4 and 5. The floating modules 130a, 120b will accommodate light structures above the water level and are configured for low to medium density housing estates such as 3-8 stories above the top surface as shown in Figure 5. The floating modules 130a, 120b are flexible and independent of seabed depth and seabed conditions as they are floating modules. Therefore, no extensive seabed preparation is required below the floating modules 130a, 120b.

[0047] After on-site fabrication, assembly and commissioning, the floating modules 130a, 120b will be floated to the installation site by de-ballasting the ballast system in the second basement layer 130a2, 120b2 and then ballasted down with the tops of the mooring piles extending into the restraints 730. Similarly, the floating modules 130a, 120b can be de-ballasted and relocated if the need arises. Floating Module - Internal Components As shown in FIG. 6, the floating modules 130a, 120b are secured to the seabed by mooring piles 710 with the tops 720 of the mooring piles extending into the restraints 730. The restraints 730 are configured to secure the floating modules 130a, 120b in place while allowing vertical movement in response to water levels and preventing horizontal movement. As shown in FIG. 6, the restraints 730 are integrally connected to the side walls of the first basement layer 130a1, 120b1 and the second basement layer 130a2, 120b2. Through openings are provided at the bottom of the restraints 730 so that the tops 720 of the mooring piles can be inserted into the through openings to secure the floating modules 130a, 120b to the mooring piles. The restraints 730 include covers 731 for covering the tops of the through openings. This cover 731 is height adjustable to accommodate the length of the mooring pile inserted in the through opening.

[0048] As shown in Figures 4 and 5, the floating modules 130a, 120b have two levels below the top surface, namely the first basement layer 130a1, 120b1 and the second basement layer 130a2, 120b2. The restraints 730 are provided along the periphery of the floating modules 130a, 120b and are integrally connected to the side walls of the first basement layer 130a1, 120b1 and the second basement layer 130a2, 120b2. The restraints 730 may include rollers between the mooring piles and guides within the restraints 730 to ensure that the floating modules 130a, 120b are restrained laterally by the mooring piles, i.e., to ensure that the floating modules 130a, 120b do not move up or down due to changes in the water level within the boundaries of the coastal solution 100 or the overall load of the floating modules.

[0049] The second basement layer 130a2, 120b2 includes a ballast system for controlling the buoyancy of the floating modules 130a, 120b. An active compensation ballast system is installed at this level to constantly monitor and keep the platform stable. Specifically, the active ballast system constantly monitors the draft and inclination of the floating modules and performs appropriate ballasting to keep the floating modules 130a, 120b at a specified draft and upright. In one embodiment, if the live load (moving load from people, vehicles, etc.) is significantly smaller than the overall module, an active ballast system may not be required since the movement will not cause a significant change in the draft and inclination of the floating modules 130a, 120b. The ballast system in the second basement layer 130a2, 120b2 is provided to allow for transportation of the floating modules 130a, 120b during installation as well as any possible future relocation.

[0050] The first basement layer 130a1, 120b1 comprises interior space for underground living infrastructure, transportation infrastructure, and utility infrastructure for storage, energy generation, and power plants. Depending on the planning and arrangement of the bottom-mounted and floating modules, there will be sharing of mechanical and electrical equipment between the connected modules 120, 130 of FIG. 1, so energy generation and power plant equipment is not required for all modules in the connected cluster.

[0051] For example, in a cluster of three modules 120, 130, a single power generation facility would need to reside in one of the three modules, thus freeing up the space in the other two modules for other purposes. Thus, the actual configuration of the first basement layers 130a1, 120b1 is left to the skilled artisan as a design choice.

[0052] The floating infrastructure module 130a and the floating general-purpose module 120b may be connected to each other via rigid or flexible connectors. Rigid connectors essentially link two modules 130a, 120b together to form a larger single module. Flexible connectors allow the modules 130a, 120b to retain some individuality and draft variations without interfering with each other. Flexible connecting arms are an example of flexible connectors that can be easily installed and disengaged, keeping the platforms fixed at a safe distance from each other and linking the movement of each module 130a, 120b in the cluster. For the avoidance of doubt, each cluster may be formed using two or more floating infrastructure modules 130a, two or more floating general-purpose modules 120b, or a combination of multiple floating infrastructure modules 130a and multiple floating general-purpose modules 120b.

[0053] The above is a description of an exemplary embodiment of a coastal solution according to the present invention, and it is envisioned that those skilled in the art can and will design alternative infrastructures, installations, systems, and methods based on this disclosure that infringe the invention as set forth in the following claims.

Claims

1. Coastal solutions, a plurality of bottom-based infrastructure modules defining a boundary of the coastal solution, each of the plurality of bottom-based infrastructure modules configured to transmit loads to the seabed and to withstand ambient water pressure; a plurality of floating general-purpose modules and a plurality of floating infrastructure modules, each of the plurality of floating general-purpose modules and the plurality of floating infrastructure modules comprising a restraint configured to moor the floating general-purpose modules to an open end of a pile extending from the seabed; a plurality of bottom-mounted general-purpose modules; the plurality of floating general-purpose modules, the plurality of floating infrastructure modules, and the plurality of bottom-based general-purpose modules are located within the boundary of the coastal solution; Each of the plurality of floating general-purpose modules and the plurality of floating infrastructure modules further comprises a first basement layer and a second basement layer; The restraint is provided along the outer periphery of the floating general-purpose module or the floating infrastructure module, and is integrally connected to the side walls of the first basement layer and the second basement layer; the restraining device includes rollers between the piles and guides within the restraining device to ensure that the floating general-purpose module or the floating infrastructure module is restrained by the piles in a lateral direction perpendicular to the surface of the first basement layer; Coastal Solutions.

2. Further comprising a gate between two adjacent bottom-mounted infrastructure modules. The coastal solution of claim 1.

3. Each of the plurality of bottom-mounted infrastructure modules and the plurality of bottom-mounted general-purpose modules comprises: a plurality of columns configured to transfer bottom loads to the seabed; and a hull configured to withstand ambient water pressure. The coastal solution of claim 1.

4. Each of the plurality of bottom-mounted infrastructure modules and the plurality of bottom-mounted general-purpose modules comprises: A top layer above the water level adapted to lifestyle and transportation facilities; A bottom layer configured for storage; and a plurality of basement layers between the top layer and the bottom layer, the basement layers being configured for an underground lifestyle and transportation network, and public facility storage facilities. The coastal solution of claim 1.

5. The bottom layer is provided with a ballast system for controlling the buoyancy of the bottom-mounted infrastructure module or the bottom-mounted general-purpose module. A coastal solution according to claim 4.

6. The plurality of basement layers are open space. A coastal solution according to claim 4.

7. Each of the bottom-mounted infrastructure module and the bottom-mounted general-purpose module comprises: As a means for adjusting the height of the bottom-mounted infrastructure module or the bottom-mounted general-purpose module, a concrete spacer is provided which is installed in a fixed position on the bottom of the bottom-mounted infrastructure module or the bottom-mounted general-purpose module. A coastal solution according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

8. The concrete spacer is a concrete block. A coastal solution according to claim 7.

9. the second basement layer comprises a ballast system for controlling the buoyancy of the floating general-purpose module or the floating infrastructure module; The coastal solution of claim 1.

10. the ballast system is an actively compensated ballast system configured to maintain the floating utility module or the floating infrastructure module at a particular draft and upright position; A coastal solution according to claim 9.

11. The first basement layer comprises interior space for underground living infrastructure, transportation infrastructure, and utility infrastructure for storage, energy generation, and power plants. The coastal solution of claim 10.

12. The bottom-mounted general-purpose module, the floating infrastructure module, and the floating general-purpose module are hexagonal. The coastal solution of claim 1.

13. a flexible connecting arm configured to connect the bottom-mounted infrastructure module and the floating general-purpose module to each other; The coastal solution of claim 1.

14. It is believed that the bottom-based general-purpose module, the bottom-based infrastructure module and the floating general-purpose module are manufactured using recycled concrete aggregate (RCA); The coastal solution of claim 1.

Images