Coated Cutting Tools

Abstract

The present invention relates to a coated cutting tool (1) comprising a substrate (5) and a coating (6), the coating (6) being Ti 1-x Al x The first nanolayer type (9), which is N (0.35≦x<0.67), Ti 1-y S y A second nanolayer type (10) in which y is 0.10≦y≦0.25, and Ti 1-z Al z a nanolayer (8) of about 0.5 to about 10 μm of alternating nanolayers of a third nanolayer type (11) having a thickness of 0.70≦z≦0.90, wherein each nanolayer type Ti in the nanolayer (8) 1-x Al x N(9), Ti 1-y S y N(10), and Ti 1-z Al z The present invention relates to a coated cutting tool (1) having an average nanolayer thickness of N(11) of 1 to 30 nm.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention is 1-x Al x N(0.35≦x<0.67), Ti 1-y S y N(0.10≦y≦0.25), and Ti 1-z Al z The present invention relates to a coated cutting tool comprising a coating comprising a nanomultilayer of alternating nanolayers of N (0.70≦y≦0.90). [Background technology]

[0002] Metal machining operations include, for example, turning, milling, and drilling. To provide long tool life, coated cutting tools, such as inserts, should be highly resistant to various types of wear. To enhance the wear resistance of cutting tools, various types of wear-resistant coatings are known in the art.

[0003] A cutting tool generally has at least one rake face and at least one flank face. A cutting edge exists where the rake face and the flank face meet.

[0004] Flank wear occurs obviously on the flank of the cutting edge, mainly from the abrasive wear mechanism. The flank is subjected to the movement of the workpiece, and too much flank wear will result in poor surface texture of the workpiece, leading to inaccurate cutting process and increased friction in the cutting process.

[0005] If better flank wear resistance is provided, it will result in longer tool life for a particular metal machining operation.

[0006] The coating must also remain adherent to the substrate during the machining operation, i.e. must not peel off. Some workpiece material types, such as ISO-M (stainless steels) and ISO-S (heat-resistant superalloys and e.g. titanium), are so-called sticky materials and are more inducing of peeling than other workpiece material types. These material types also have a smearing behaviour, which means that the workpiece material rubs onto the cutting tool surface, which may eventually lead to the formation of a built-up edge (BUE) of the workpiece material on the cutting edge. Such a BUE may result in the coating peeling off or even a part of the cutting tool edge being peeled off.

[0007] Different metal machining operations affect coated cutting tools differently. Turning, for example, is a continuous metal machining operation, while milling is more intermittent in nature. In milling, thermal and mechanical loads change over time. Thermal loads induce thermal tensions that can result in so-called thermal cracks (herein called "comb cracks") in the coating, while the latter can cause fatigue in the cutting edge and lead to chipping, i.e. small fragments of the cutting edge detached from the rest of the substrate. Thus, common wear types of coated cutting tools in milling are cracks and chipping. Such chipping can be reduced by a high level of toughness of the coating, especially at the cutting edge. High comb crack resistance and cutting edge toughness are therefore very important for tool life.

[0008] To provide cutting tools with superior properties over those currently available on the market, there is a continuing demand for coated cutting tools, where the coating has superior properties in terms of wear resistance, cutting edge toughness, comb crack resistance, spalling resistance, etc. Improvements in one or more of the above mentioned properties will result in longer tool life.

[0009] Nano multilayer coatings are used in the field of cutting tools for metal machining. In these coatings, at least two layers that differ in some respect form alternating coatings of a stack of nanolayers. Summary of the Invention

[0010] It is an object of the present invention to provide a coated cutting tool that exhibits at least high flank wear resistance and high spalling resistance.

[0011] The object of the present invention is to provide a coated cutting tool comprising a substrate and a coating, the coating being of Ti 1-x Al x The first nanolayer type is N(0.35≦x<0.67), the second nanolayer type is Ti 1-y S y A second nanolayer type is N (0.10≦y≦0.25), and Ti 1-z Al z and a nano-multilayer of about 0.5 to about 10 μm of alternating nano-layers of a third nano-layer type, where the third nano-layer type is TiN (0.70≦z≦0.90), and each nano-layer type in the nano-multilayer 1-x Al x N, Ti 1-y S y N, and Ti 1-z Al z An average nanolayer thickness of N is achieved by the coated cutting tool of 1-30 nm.

[0012] As used herein, a "nanomultilayer of alternating nanolayers of a first nanolayer type, a second nanolayer type, and a third nanolayer type" means that the different types of nanolayers generally alternate in a certain order in the nanomultilayer. However, due to the technique chosen for depositing the nanomultilayer in the PVD reactor, for example using a so-called three-turn rotation of the tool to be coated, there may be a change in the order of the three types of nanolayers at some points in the nanomultilayer.

[0013] In one embodiment, the ratio between the sums of all the nanolayer thicknesses of each nanolayer type in the nanomultilayer, Ti 1-x Al x N:Ti 1-y Si y N:Ti 1-z Al z N is a:b:c [where 0.5 < a < 3, 0.5 < b < 3, 0.5 < c < 3, preferably 0.75 < a < 2.5, 0.75 < b < 2.5, 0.75 < c < 2.5, most preferably 0.9 < a < 2.25, 0.9 < b < 2.25, 0.9 < c < 2.25].

[0014] The ratio between the sums of the nanolayer thicknesses of each nanolayer type in the nanomultilayer, Ti 1-x Al x N:Ti 1-y Si y N:Ti 1-z Al z N, that is, a:b:c can be determined by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) analysis, preferably in combination with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), over a distance perpendicular to the substrate surface, where the elemental composition and the thickness of individual nanolayers are determined. A distance of at least 25 times the average nanolayer thickness is used. For the first nanolayer type Ti 1-x Al x the sum of the nanolayer thicknesses of the N nanolayers is "a", for the second nanolayer type Ti 1-y Si y the sum of the nanolayer thicknesses of the N nanolayers is "b", and for the third nanolayer type Ti 1-z Al z the sum of the nanolayer thicknesses of the N nanolayers is "c".

[0015] For each nanolayer type Ti in the nanomultilayer 1-x Al x N, Ti 1-y Si y N, and Ti 1-z Al z the average nanolayer thickness can also be determined by the above-described STEM / EDS analysis.

[0016] The first nanolayer type is Ti 1-xAl x When it is N, appropriately 0.40 ≦ x ≦ 0.67, preferably 0.45 ≦ x ≦ 0.62.

[0017] The second nano-layer type is Ti 1-y Si y When it is N, appropriately 0.13 ≦ y ≦ 0.23, preferably 0.17 ≦ y ≦ 0.21.

[0018] The third nano-layer type is Ti 1-z Al z When it is N, appropriately 0.70 < z ≦ 0.85, preferably 0.75 < z ≦ 0.85.

[0019] Each nano-layer type Ti in the nano-multilayer 1-x Al x N, Ti 1-y Si y N, and Ti 1-z Al z The average nano-layer thickness in the nano-multilayer of N is appropriately 1 - 20 nm, preferably 1.5 - 10 nm, and most preferably 2 - 5 nm.

[0020] In the nano-multilayer, the nano-layer type Ti 1-x Al x N, Ti 1-y Si y N, and Ti 1-z Al z Between any one of N and the nano-layer type Ti 1-x Al x N, Ti 1-y Si y N, and Ti 1-z Al z The ratio of the average nano-layer thickness in the nano-multilayer between any one of the remaining two of N and any one of the others is appropriately 0.1 - 10, preferably 0.5 - 5, and most preferably 0.8 - 2.

[0021] Appropriately, within a series of 10 consecutive nano-layers, preferably 8, and most preferably 6 consecutive nano-layers in the nano-multilayer, the nano-layer type Ti 1-x Al x N, Ti1-y S y N, and Ti 1-z Al z All of N exist.

[0022] The thickness of the nanomultilayer is suitably from about 1 to about 8 μm, preferably from about 1.5 to about 5 μm.

[0023] In one embodiment, the coating comprises an inner layer of TiN or (Ti,Al)N beneath the nanomultilayer, preferably closest to the substrate. The (Ti,Al)N layer can be either a single layer, or a nanomultilayer of alternating nanolayers of different Ti / Al ratios. Preferably, the inner layer is (Ti,Al)N. When (Ti,Al)N is used as the inner layer, the (Ti,Al)N is suitably TiN or (Ti,Al)N. 1-t Al t N (0.35≦t≦0.67, preferably 0.40≦t≦0.67, most preferably 0.45≦t≦0.62). In a preferred embodiment, the Ti-Al relationship in the (Ti,Al)N of the inner layer is the same as the Ti-Al relationship in the first nanolayer type of the nanomultilayer. This is because this simplifies manufacturing when the same target can be used as already used in the nanomultilayer. The thickness of this inner layer is suitably about 0.1 to about 3 μm, preferably about 0.5 to about 2 μm.

[0024] In one embodiment, for the purpose of controlling the color of the coated cutting tool, the coating comprises a first nano-layer type Ti 1-x Al x N(0.35≦x<0.67), second nano-layer type Ti 1-y S y N(0.10≦y≦0.25), or the third nano-layer type Ti 1-z Al z N (0.70≦z≦0.90).

[0025] The values ​​of x, y, or z of the outermost layer are preferably the nano-multilayer Ti 1-x Al x N, Ti 1-y Sy N, or Ti 1-z Al z It is the same as x, y, or z of N, since this simplifies manufacturing if the same targets can be used as already used in the nanomultilayer.

[0026] The thickness of this outermost layer is suitably about 0.1 to about 0.5 μm, preferably about 0.1 to about 0.3 μm.

[0027] The nanolayers of the first nanolayer type, the second nanolayer type, and the third nanolayer type are suitably cathodic arc evaporation deposited layers, and the optional inner layer of TiN or (Ti,Al)N, as well as the optional outermost monolayer, are suitably cathodic arc evaporation deposited layers.

[0028] The substrate of the coated cutting tool may be selected from the group of cemented carbide, cermet, ceramic, cubic boron nitride, and high speed steel. In one embodiment, the substrate is a cemented carbide containing 5-18 wt% Co.

[0029] The coated cutting tool is suitably a cutting tool insert, a drill or a solid end mill for metal machining. The cutting tool insert is, for example, a turning insert or a milling insert. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0030] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an embodiment of a cutting tool that is a milling insert. [Diagram 2] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an embodiment of a cutting tool that is a turning insert. [Diagram 3] 1 is a schematic diagram showing a cross-section of one embodiment of a coated cutting tool of the present invention illustrating a substrate and a coating comprising different layers. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0031] Detailed Description of Embodiments in the Drawings FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of an embodiment of a cutting tool (1) having a rake face 2, a flank face 3, and a cutting edge 4. The cutting tool 1 is, in this embodiment, a milling insert. FIG. 2 shows a schematic view of an embodiment of a cutting tool 1 having a rake face 2, a flank face 3, and a cutting edge 4. The cutting tool 1 is, in this embodiment, a turning insert. FIG. 3 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the coated cutting tool of the present invention having a substrate 5 and a coating 6. The coating 6 includes a first (Ti,Al)N innermost layer 7, followed by Ti 1-x Al x N, Ti 1-y Si y N, and Ti 1-z Al z N, and consists of a nanomultilayer 8 of alternating nanolayers 9, 10, and 11 which are Ti

[0032] In one embodiment, a:b:c of Ti 1-x Al x N:Ti 1-y Si y N:Ti 1-z Al z N is the ratio in the nanomultilayer 8 between the sums of the nanolayer thicknesses of each nanolayer type 9, 10, 11 in the nanomultilayer 8, and 1.5 < a < 2.5, 0.75 < b < 1.25, 0.75 < c < 1.25, preferably 1.75 < a < 2.25, 0.9 < b < 1.1, 0.9 < c < 1.1. In this embodiment, the nanomultilayer 8 is preferably Ti 1-x Al x N / Ti 1-z Al z N / Ti 1-x Al x N / Ti 1-y Si y N in the order of, the first nanolayer type 9 which is Ti 1-x Al x N, the second nanolayer type 10 which is Ti 1-y Si y N, and the third nanolayer type 11 which is Ti 1-z Al zIt includes a repeating sequence of N continuous nanolayers. The nanomultilayer 8 preferably consists of (Ti 1-x Al x N / Ti 1-z Al z N / Ti 1-x Al x N / Ti 1-y Si y N..) m and is composed of m = 15 to 1500, preferably m = 30 to 800.

[0033] In a further embodiment, a:b:c is the ratio in the nanomultilayer 8 between the sums of the nanolayer thicknesses of each nanolayer type 9, 10, 11 in the nanomultilayer 8 for Ti 1-x Al x N:Ti 1-y Si y N:Ti 1-z Al z N, where 0.75 < a < 1.25, 1.5 < b < 2.5, 0.75 < c < 1.25, preferably 0.9 < a < 1.1, 1.75 < b < 2.25, 0.9 < c < 1.1. In this embodiment, the nanomultilayer 8 preferably consists of Ti 1-x Al x N / Ti 1-y Si y N / Ti 1-z Al z N / Ti 1-y Si y N in the order of the first nanolayer type 9 of Ti 1-x Al x N, the second nanolayer type 10 of Ti 1-y Si y N, and the third nanolayer type 11 of Ti 1-z Al z N and includes a repeating sequence of continuous nanolayers. The nanomultilayer (8) preferably consists of (Ti 1-x Al x N / Ti 1-y Si y N / Ti 1-z Al z N / Ti 1-y Si y N) n and is composed of n = 15 to 1500, preferably n = 30 to 800.

[0034] In a further embodiment, the ratio a:b:c in the nanomultilayer 8 of the total nanolayer thicknesses of each nanolayer type 9, 10, 11 in the nanomultilayer 8 is Ti 1-x Al x N:Ti 1-y Si y N:Ti 1-z Al z There is N, 0.75 < a < 1.25, 0.75 < b < 1.25, 1.5 < c < 2.5, preferably 0.9 < a < 1.1, 0.9 < b < 1.1, 1.75 < c < 2.25. In this embodiment, the nanomultilayer 8 is suitably Ti 1-z Al z N / Ti 1-x Al x N / Ti 1-z Al z N / Ti 1-y Si y N in the order of the first nanolayer type 9, Ti 1-x Al x N, the second nanolayer type 10, Ti 1-y Si y N, and the third nanolayer type 11, Ti 1-z Al z N of a repeating sequence of consecutive nanolayers. The nanomultilayer 8 is suitably (Ti 1-z Al z N / Ti 1-x Al x N / Ti 1-z Al z N / Ti 1-y Si y N) p and is composed of p = 15 to 1500, suitably p = 30 to 800.

[0035] In a further embodiment, the ratio a:b:c in the nanomultilayer 8 of the total nanolayer thicknesses of each nanolayer type 9, 10, 11 in the nanomultilayer 8 is Ti 1-x Al x N:Ti 1-y Si y N:Ti 1-z Al zThere is N, where 0.75 < a < 1.25, 0.75 < b < 1.25, 0.75 < c < 1.25, preferably, 0.9 < a < 1.1, 0.9 < b < 1.1, 0.9 < c < 1.1. In this embodiment, the nano-multilayer 8 is suitably Ti 1-x Al x N / Ti 1-y Si y N / Ti 1-z Al z N in the order of, the first nano-layer type 9 is Ti 1-x Al x N, the second nano-layer type 10 is Ti 1-y Si y N, and the third nano-layer type 11 is Ti 1-z Al z N including a repeating sequence of continuous nano-layers. The nano-multilayer 8 is suitably composed of (Ti 1-x Al x N / Ti 1-y Si y N / Ti 1-z Al z N) q where q = 20 to 2000, suitably q = 40 to 1000.

[0036] In a further embodiment, the coating 6 includes an inner layer 7 of (Ti,Al)N below the nano-multilayer 8, preferably closest to the substrate 5, and the inner layer 7 is Ti 1-u Al u N (0.35 ≦ u < 0.67, suitably 0.40 ≦ u ≦ 0.67, preferably 0.45 ≦ u ≦ 0.62) and Ti 1-v Al v N (0.70 ≦ v ≦ 0.90, suitably 0.70 ≦ v ≦ 0.80) of an alternating nano-layer (Ti,Al)N nano-multilayer which is a (Ti,Al)N layer.

[0037] (Ti,Al)N nano-multilayer in the Ti 1-u Al u N layer average nano-layer thickness is suitably 1 to 30 nm, preferably 1 to 20 nm, most preferably 2 to 10 nm. The thickness of this inner layer 7 is suitably about 0.1 to about 3 μm, preferably about 0.5 to about 2 μm.

Example

[0038] Example 1 (present invention) Ti deposited on sintered cemented carbide cutting tool insert blanks with the geometries CNMG120408MM and R390-11T308M-PM 0.85 S 0.15 N, Ti 0.50 Al 0.50 N, and Ti 0.20 Al 0.80 A coated cutting tool was provided that contained a nano-multilayer of TiN nanolayers. The composition of the cemented carbide was 10 wt% Co, 0.4 wt% Cr, and the balance WC. The cemented carbide blank was coated by cathodic arc evaporation in a vacuum chamber containing four arc flanges (each flange containing multiple cathodic evaporators). 0.50 Al 0.50 The targets were mounted in the evaporator at two of the flanges facing each other. The remaining target, Ti 0.85 S 0.15 and Ti 0.20 Al 0.80 was mounted in the evaporator with the remaining two flanges facing each other. The target was circular and flat, with a diameter of 100 mm, which is available on the general market. Suitable target technology packages for arc evaporation are available from market suppliers such as IHI Hauzer Techno Coating BV, Kobelco (Kobe Steel Ltd.) and Oerlikon Balzers.

[0039] An uncoated blank was mounted on a pin that underwent three rotations in a PVD chamber.

[0040] The chamber was placed under high vacuum (10 -2 The chamber was pumped down to a pressure of less than 1 Pa and heated to about 450-550° C. by a heater located inside the chamber. The blank was then etched in an Ar plasma for 60 min.

[0041] First, Ti 0.50 Al 0.50 By using only the target, Ti 0.50 Al 0.50 An innermost layer of N was deposited.

[0042] The chamber pressure (reaction pressure) was set to 4 Pa ​​N2 gas and a DC bias voltage of -50 V (relative to the chamber wall) was applied to the blank assembly. The cathodes were operated in arc discharge mode with a current of 150 A for 70 minutes (each) (two flanges). The table rotation speed was 5 rpm. Ti with a thickness of about 1.4 μm was deposited on the blank assembly. 0.50 Al 0.50 A layer of N was deposited on the blank.

[0043] The nanomultilayers were then deposited by using all the mounted targets.

[0044] The chamber pressure (reaction pressure) was set to 4 Pa ​​N2 gas, and a DC bias voltage of -70 V (relative to the chamber wall) was applied to the blank assembly. The cathodes were operated in arc discharge mode with a current of 150 A for 35 minutes (each) (four flanges). The table rotation speed was 5 rpm. A nano-multilayer coating with a thickness of about 1.4 μm was deposited on the blank.

[0045] The rotation speed is correlated with the thickness of a particular step, and a table rotation speed of 5 rpm for the current deposition rate and the equipment used is used to determine the thickness of each nanolayer Ti. 0.50 Al 0.50 N, Ti 0.85 S 0.15 N, and Ti 0.20 Al 0.80 It was concluded that this correlates with an average individual nanolayer thickness of about 2 nm for N. The number of nanolayers in the nanomultilayer is about 700.

[0046] Nano multilayer is Ti 0.50 Al 0.50 N / Ti 0.20 Al 0.80N / Ti 0.50 Al 0.50 N / Ti 0.85 S 0.15 N, comprising a repeating sequence of successive nanolayers.

[0047] Finally, to obtain uniform color among the individual coated cutting tools produced, Ti 0.85 S 0.15 By using only the target, Ti 0.85 S 0.15 An outermost layer of N was deposited. All deposition parameters were the same as for depositing the previous layer (one flange), except that the bias was -60 V and the cathode was operated for 10 min. 0.85 S 0.15 A layer of N was deposited to a thickness of about 0.2 μm.

[0048] In the nano-multilayer, each nano-layer Ti 0.50 Al 0.50 N, Ti 0.85 S 0.15 N, Ti 0.20 Al 0.80 N is the ratio of the total thickness of each nanolayer, i.e., Ti 0.50 Al 0.50 N:Ti 0.85 S 0.15 N:Ti 0.20 Al 0.80 N is approximately 2:1:1. This ratio is estimated from the deposition rate from each target, which is assumed to be the same, the rotation during deposition, and the deposition time.

[0049] The coated cutting tool is designated "Sample 1 (Invention)."

[0050] Example 2 Ti deposited on sintered cemented carbide cutting tool insert blanks with the geometries CNMG120408MM and R390-11T308M-PM 0.85 S 0.15 N, Ti 0.50 Al 0.50 N, and Ti 0.20 Al 0.80A coated cutting tool was provided that contained a nano-multilayer of TiN nanolayers. The composition of the cemented carbide was 10 wt% Co, 0.4 wt% Cr, and the balance WC. The cemented carbide blank was coated by cathodic arc evaporation in a vacuum chamber containing four arc flanges (each flange containing multiple cathodic evaporators). 0.50 Al 0.50 The targets were mounted in the evaporator at two of the flanges facing each other. The remaining target, Ti 0.85 S 0.15 and Ti 0.20 Al 0.80 was mounted in the evaporator with the remaining two flanges facing each other. The target was circular and flat, with a diameter of 100 mm, which is available on the general market. Suitable target technology packages for arc evaporation are available from market suppliers such as IHI Hauzer Techno Coating BV, Kobelco (Kobe Steel Ltd.) and Oerlikon Balzers.

[0051] An uncoated blank was mounted on a pin that underwent three rotations in a PVD chamber.

[0052] The chamber is placed under high vacuum (10 -2 The chamber was pumped down to a pressure of less than 1 Pa and heated to approximately 450-550° C. by a heater located within the chamber. The blank was then etched in an Ar plasma for 60 min.

[0053] First, Ti 0.50 Al 0.50 By using only the target, Ti 0.50 Al 0.50 An innermost layer of N was deposited.

[0054] The chamber pressure (reaction pressure) was set to 4 Pa ​​N2 gas and a DC bias voltage of -50 V (relative to the chamber wall) was applied to the blank assembly. The cathodes were operated in arc discharge mode with a current of 150 A for 70 minutes (each) (two flanges). The table rotation speed was 5 rpm. Ti with a thickness of about 1.4 μm was deposited on the blank assembly. 0.50 Al 0.50 A layer of N was deposited on the blank.

[0055] Next, Ti 0.85 S 0.15 Target and Ti 0.20 Al 0.80 By alternating the use of targets, nanomultilayers were deposited, with a thickness of about 35 nm for Ti. 0.85 S 0.15 N / Ti 0.20 Al 0.80 The first sequence of N nano-multilayers was produced. The table rotation speed was 5 rpm. Then, Ti 0.50 Al 0.50 Using only the target, a Ti film with a thickness of about 35 nm was 0.50 Al 0.50 This procedure was repeated for Ti 0.50 Al 0.50 Nanolayer Ti combined with a "monolayer" of N 0.85 S 0.15 N and Ti 0.20 Al 0.80 This was repeated until 20 sequences of N nanomultilayer sequences were completed. The total thickness of the deposited nanomultilayers was approximately 1.4 μm.

[0056] The chamber pressure (reaction pressure) was set to 4 Pa ​​of N2 gas, and Ti 0.85 S 0.15 and Ti 0.20 Al 0.80 When using a Ti target, a DC bias voltage of -40 V (relative to the chamber walls) is applied. 0.50 Al 0.50When using targets, a DC bias voltage of -80 V (relative to the chamber wall) was applied to the blank assembly. The cathodes were operated in arc discharge mode (each) for 70 minutes (two flanges at a time) with a current of 150 A. The table rotation speed was 5 rpm. A nano-multilayer coating with a thickness of about 1.4 μm was deposited on the blank.

[0057] The rotation speed is correlated with the thickness of a particular step, and a table rotation speed of 5 rpm for the current deposition rate and the equipment used is used to determine the thickness of each nanolayer Ti. 0.85 S 0.15 N and Ti 0.20 Al 0.80 It was concluded that N correlates with an average individual nanolayer thickness of about 2 nm.

[0058] Finally, to obtain uniform color among the individual coated cutting tools produced, Ti 0.85 S 0.15 By using only the target, Ti 0.85 S 0.15 An outermost layer of N was deposited. All deposition parameters were the same as for depositing the previous layer (one flange), except that the bias was -60 V and the cathode was operated for 10 min. 0.85 S 0.15 A layer of N was deposited to a thickness of about 0.2 μm.

[0059] The coated cutting tool is designated "Sample 2 (comparative)."

[0060] Example 3 Ti 0.80 S 0.20 N nanolayer and Ti 0.40 Al 0.60 N nanolayers and high Al Ti deposited on sintered cemented carbide cutting tool insert blanks with the shapes of CNMG120408MM and R390-11T308M-PM, respectively. 0.25 Al 0.75 N, Ti 0.15 Al 0.85 N, or Ti 0.05Al 0.95 Three different sets of coated cutting tool samples were provided, each containing a nano-multilayer with one of the Ti nano-layers and one of the N nano-layers. The composition of the cemented carbide was 10 wt.% Co, 0.4 wt.% Cr, and balance WC. The cemented carbide blanks were coated by cathodic arc evaporation in a vacuum chamber containing four arc flanges (each flange containing multiple cathodic evaporators). 0.80 S 0.20 The targets were mounted in the evaporator at two of the flanges facing each other. The remaining target, Ti 0.40 Al 0.60 and the high-Al (Ti,Al) target used (Ti,Al in three different runs, respectively). 0.25 Al 0.75 , Ti 0.15 Al 0.85 , or Ti 0.05 Al 0.95 ) was mounted in the evaporator at the remaining two flanges facing each other. The target was circular and flat, with a diameter of 100 mm, which is available on the general market. Suitable target technology packages for arc evaporation are available from market suppliers such as IHI Hauzer Techno Coating BV, Kobelco (Kobe Steel Ltd.) and Oerlikon Balzers.

[0061] An uncoated blank was mounted on a pin that underwent three rotations in a PVD chamber.

[0062] The chamber is placed under high vacuum (10 -2 The chamber was pumped down to a pressure of less than 1 Pa and heated to approximately 450-550° C. by a heater located within the chamber. The blank was then etched in an Ar plasma for 60 min.

[0063] First, Ti 0.40 Al 0.60 By using only the target, Ti 0.40 Al 0.60An innermost layer of N was deposited. The chamber pressure (reaction pressure) was set at 4 Pa ​​of N2 gas and a DC bias voltage of -70 V (with respect to the chamber wall) was applied to the blank assembly. The cathodes were operated (one flange) in arc discharge mode with a current of 150 A for 100 minutes (each). The table rotation speed was 5 rpm. A Ti layer with a thickness of about 1 μm was deposited. 0.40 Al 0.60 A layer of N was deposited on the blank.

[0064] The nanomultilayers were then deposited by using all the mounted targets.

[0065] The chamber pressure (reaction pressure) was set to 4 Pa ​​N2 gas, and a DC bias voltage of -100 V (relative to the chamber wall) was applied to the blank assembly. The cathodes were operated in arc discharge mode with a current of 150 A for 50 minutes (each) (four flanges). The table rotation speed was 5 rpm. A nano-multilayer coating with a thickness of about 2 μm was deposited on the blank.

[0066] Since the table rotation speed is correlated with the thickness of a particular step, the current deposition rate and the table rotation speed of 5 rpm for the equipment used were used to determine the thickness of each nanolayer Ti for the three different nanomultilayers fabricated. 0.40 Al 0.60 N, Ti 0.80 S 0.20 N, and also Ti 0.25 Al 0.75 N, Ti 0.15 Al 0.85 N and Ti 0.05 Al 0.95 It was concluded that this correlates with an average individual nanolayer thickness of about 2 nm for each N. The number of nanolayers in all three different sets of nanomultilayers is about 1000.

[0067] The nanomultilayers of the first set of samples were Ti 0.40 Al 0.60 N / Ti 0.80 S 0.20 N / Ti 0.25 Al0.75 N / Ti 0.80 S 0.20 The nanomultilayers of the second set of samples contain a repeating sequence of successive nanolayers in the order of Ti 0.40 Al 0.60 N / Ti 0.80 S 0.20 N / Ti 0.15 Al 0.85 N / Ti 0.80 S 0.20 The nanomultilayers of the third set of samples contain a repeating sequence of successive nanolayers in the order of Ti 0.40 Al 0.60 N / Ti 0.80 S 0.20 N / Ti 0.05 Al 0.95 N / Ti 0.80 S 0.20 N, comprising a repeating sequence of successive nanolayers.

[0068] Finally, in order to obtain uniform color among the individual coated cutting tools produced, the outermost layer was deposited by using only the respective high-Al (Ti,Al) target used in depositing each nanomultilayer for the three different sets of samples. All deposition parameters were the same as in depositing the previous layer (one flange), except that the bias was -100 V and the cathode was operated for 10 min. 0.25 Al 0.75 N, Ti 0.15 Al 0.85 N, or Ti 0.05 Al 0.95 A layer of N was deposited on three different sets of samples, each to a thickness of about 0.2 μm.

[0069] In the nano-multilayer, each nano-layer Ti 0.40 Al 0.60 N, Ti 0.85 S 0.15 N and Ti 0.25 Al 0.75 N, Ti 0.15 Al 0.85 N, and Ti 0.05 Al 0.95The sum of the thickness ratios of each of the thicknesses of N, i.e., Ti 0.40 Al 0.60 N:Ti 0.85 S 0.15 N: (Ti 0.25 Al 0.75 N, Ti 0.15 Al 0.85 N, or Ti 0.05 Al 0.95 N) is approximately 1:2:1. This ratio is estimated from the deposition rates from each target, which are assumed to be the same, their rotation during deposition, and the deposition time.

[0070] The coated cutting tools produced are designated as follows: - Nano multilayer, Ti 0.80 S 0.20 N, Ti 0.40 Al 0.60 N, and Ti 0.25 Al 0.75 "Sample 3" for a coated cutting tool composed of a nanolayer of N; - Nano multilayer, Ti 0.80 S 0.20 N, Ti 0.40 Al 0.60 N, and Ti 0.15 Al 0.85 "Sample 4" for a coated cutting tool consisting of a nanolayer of N; - Nano multilayer, Ti 0.80 S 0.20 N, Ti 0.40 Al 0.60 N, and Ti 0.05 Al 0.95 "Sample 5" for a coated cutting tool consisting of a nanolayer of N.

[0071] Example 4 Ti deposited on sintered cemented carbide cutting tool insert blanks with the geometries CNMG120408MM and R390-11T308M-PM 0.80 S 0.20 N, Ti 0.40 Al 0.60 N, and Ti 0.25 Al0.75 A coated cutting tool was provided that contained a nano-multilayer of TiN nanolayers. The composition of the cemented carbide was 10 wt% Co, 0.4 wt% Cr, and the balance WC. The cemented carbide blank was coated by cathodic arc evaporation in a vacuum chamber containing four arc flanges (each flange containing multiple cathodic evaporators). 0.80 S 0.20 The targets were mounted in the evaporator at two of the flanges facing each other. The remaining target, Ti 0.40 Al 0.60 and Ti 0.25 Al 0.75 was mounted in the evaporator with the remaining two flanges facing each other. The target was circular and flat, with a diameter of 100 mm, which is available on the general market. Suitable target technology packages for arc evaporation are available from market suppliers such as IHI Hauzer Techno Coating BV, Kobelco (Kobe Steel Ltd.) and Oerlikon Balzers.

[0072] An uncoated blank was mounted on a pin that underwent three rotations in a PVD chamber.

[0073] The chamber was placed under high vacuum (10 -2 The chamber was pumped down to a pressure of less than 1 Pa and heated to approximately 450-550° C. by a heater located within the chamber. The blank was then etched in an Ar plasma for 60 min.

[0074] First, Ti 0.40 Al 0.60 and Ti 0.25 Al 0.75 By using only the target, Ti 0.40 Al 0.60 N and Ti 0.25 Al 0.75 An innermost layer, which is a nanomultilayer of N nanolayers, was deposited.

[0075] The chamber pressure (reaction pressure) was set to 4 Pa ​​N2 gas and a DC bias voltage of -100 V (relative to the chamber wall) was applied to the blank assembly. The cathodes were operated in arc discharge mode with a current of 150 A for 50 minutes (each) (two flanges). The table rotation speed was 5 rpm. Ti with a thickness of about 1 μm was deposited on the blank assembly. 0.40 Al 0.60 N and Ti 0.25 Al 0.75 A nanomultilayer of N was deposited on the blank. The current deposition rate and the rotation speed for the equipment used correlate with the thickness of a certain step, so that it was concluded that the average individual nanolayer thickness was about 2 nm.

[0076] Then, by using all the targets attached, Ti 0.80 S 0.20 N, Ti 0.40 Al 0.60 N, and Ti 0.25 Al 0.75 A nanomultilayer of N nanolayers was deposited.

[0077] The chamber pressure (reaction pressure) was set to 4 Pa ​​N2 gas, and a DC bias voltage of -100 V (relative to the chamber wall) was applied to the blank assembly. The cathodes were operated in arc discharge mode with a current of 150 A for 50 minutes (each) (four flanges). The table rotation speed was 5 rpm. A nano-multilayer coating with a thickness of about 2 μm was deposited on the blank.

[0078] The rotation speed is correlated with the thickness of a particular step, and a table rotation speed of 5 rpm for the current deposition rate and the equipment used is used to determine the thickness of each nanolayer Ti. 0.40 Al 0.60 N, Ti 0.80 S 0.20 N, and Ti 0.25 Al 0.75 It was concluded that this correlates with an average individual nanolayer thickness of about 2 nm for N. The number of nanolayers in the nanomultilayer is about 1000.

[0079] Nano multilayer is Ti0.40 Al 0.60 N / Ti 0.80 S 0.20 N / Ti 0.25 Al 0.75 N / Ti 0.80 S 0.20 N, comprising a repeating sequence of successive nanolayers.

[0080] Finally, to obtain uniform color among the individual coated cutting tools produced, Ti 0.25 Al 0.75 By using only the target, Ti 0.25 Al 0.75 An outermost layer of TiN was deposited. All deposition parameters were the same as for depositing the previous layer, and the cathode was operated for 10 minutes (one flange). 0.25 Al 0.75 A layer of N was deposited to a thickness of about 0.2 μm.

[0081] In the three nanolayer types of nanomultilayers, each nanolayer Ti 0.40 Al 0.60 N, Ti 0.80 S 0.20 N, Ti 0.25 Al 0.75 N is the total thickness ratio of each thickness, i.e., Ti 0.40 Al 0.60 N:Ti 0.80 S 0.20 N:Ti 0.25 Al 0.75 N is approximately 1:2:1. This ratio is estimated from the deposition rate from each target, which is assumed to be the same, the rotation during deposition, and the deposition time.

[0082] The coated cutting tool is designated "Sample 6."

[0083] Example 5 Ti deposited on sintered cemented carbide cutting tool insert blanks with the geometries CNMG120408MM and R390-11T308M-PM 0.80 S 0.20 N, Ti 0.40 Al 0.60N, and Ti 0.15 Al 0.85 A coated cutting tool was provided that contained a nano-multilayer of TiN nanolayers. The composition of the cemented carbide was 10 wt% Co, 0.4 wt% Cr, and the balance WC. The cemented carbide blank was coated by cathodic arc evaporation in a vacuum chamber containing four arc flanges (each flange containing multiple cathodic evaporators). 0.15 Al 0.85 The two targets were mounted in the evaporator on two of the flanges facing each other. The remaining target, Ti 0.40 Al 0.60 and Ti 0.80 S 0.20 was mounted in the evaporator with the remaining two flanges facing each other. The target was circular and flat, with a diameter of 100 mm, which is available on the general market. Suitable target technology packages for arc evaporation are available from market suppliers such as IHI Hauzer Techno Coating BV, Kobelco (Kobe Steel Ltd.) and Oerlikon Balzers.

[0084] An uncoated blank was mounted on a pin that underwent three rotations in a PVD chamber.

[0085] The chamber was placed under high vacuum (10 -2 The chamber was pumped down to a pressure of less than 1 Pa and heated to approximately 450-550° C. by a heater located within the chamber. The blank was then etched in an Ar plasma for 60 min.

[0086] First, Ti 0.40 Al 0.60 By using only the target, Ti 0.40 Al 0.60 An innermost layer of N was deposited.

[0087] The chamber pressure (reaction pressure) was set to 4 Pa ​​N2 gas and a DC bias voltage of -70 V (relative to the chamber wall) was applied to the blank assembly. The cathodes were operated (one flange) in arc discharge mode with a current of 150 A for 100 minutes (each). The table rotation speed was 5 rpm. Ti with a thickness of about 1 μm was deposited on the blank assembly. 0.40 Al 0.60 A layer of N was deposited on the blank.

[0088] The nanomultilayers were then deposited by using all the mounted targets.

[0089] The chamber pressure (reaction pressure) was set to 4 Pa ​​N2 gas, and a DC bias voltage of -100 V (relative to the chamber wall) was applied to the blank assembly. The cathodes were operated in arc discharge mode with a current of 150 A for 50 minutes (each) (four flanges). The table rotation speed was 5 rpm. A nano-multilayer coating with a thickness of about 2 μm was deposited on the blank.

[0090] The rotation speed is correlated with the thickness of a particular step, and a table rotation speed of 5 rpm for the current deposition rate and the equipment used is used to determine the thickness of each nanolayer Ti. 0.40 Al 0.60 N, Ti 0.80 S 0.20 N, and Ti 0.15 Al 0.85 It was concluded that this correlates with an average individual nanolayer thickness of about 2 nm for N. The number of nanolayers in the nanomultilayer is about 1000.

[0091] Nano multilayer is Ti 0.15 Al 0.85 N / Ti 0.40 Al 0.60 N / Ti 0.15 Al 0.85 N / Ti 0.80 S 0.20 N, comprising a repeating sequence of successive nanolayers.

[0092] Finally, to obtain uniform color among the individual coated cutting tools produced, Ti 0.15 Al 0.85 By using only the target, Ti 0.15 Al 0.85 An outermost layer of TiN was deposited. All deposition parameters were the same as for depositing the previous layer, and the cathode was operated for 10 minutes (one flange). 0.15 Al 0.85 A layer of N was deposited to a thickness of about 0.2 μm.

[0093] The coated cutting tool is designated "Sample 7."

[0094] In the nano-multilayer, each nano-layer Ti 0.40 Al 0.60 N, Ti 0.80 S 0.20 N, Ti 0.15 Al 0.85 N is the total thickness ratio of each thickness, i.e., Ti 0.40 Al 0.60 N:Ti 0.80 S 0.20 N:Ti 0.15 Al 0.85 N is approximately 1:1:2. This ratio is estimated from the deposition rate from each target, which is assumed to be the same, the rotation during deposition, and the deposition time.

[0095] The prepared samples 1 to 7 are listed in Table 1. TIFF2024534250000002.tif151170

[0096] Table 2 further summarizes samples 1-7. TIFF2024534250000003.tif139170

[0097] Example 6 To determine the performance of the prepared samples, cutting tests were carried out.

[0098] Explanation of terms used: The following expressions / terms are commonly used in metal cutting and are explained in the following table: V c (m / min): cutting speed in meters per minute f z (mm / tooth): (in milling) feed rate in millimeters per tooth f n (mm / rev): Feed rate per revolution (in turning) z: (number) number of teeth in the cutting tool a e (mm): Radial cutting depth in millimeters a p (mm): Axial cutting depth in millimeters

[0099] Flank wear test: Vertical turning Workpiece material: Sverker 21 (tool steel), hardness approximately 210HB, D=180, L=700mm V c =125m / min f n =0.072mm / rev a p =2mm No cutting fluid

[0100] The cut-off criterion for tool life is a flank wear VB of 0.15 mm.

[0101] Peeling resistance: The evaluation was carried out by turning tests in austenitic stainless steel. The cutting depth a was increased (in one pass during radial facing) to induce adhesive wear and spalling of the coating. p was varied between 4-0 mm and 0-4 mm. The inserts were evaluated by SEM analysis.

[0102] Operation: Facing (turning) Material of workpiece: Austenitic stainless steel bar Sanmac 316L, L=200mm, D=100mm, approx. 215HB Insert type:CNMG120408MM Cooling: Yes Cutting depth a p =4~0mm, 0~4mm Cutting speed V c =140m / min Feed rate f z =0.36mm / rev TIFF2024534250000004.tif125170

[0103] It is concluded that Samples 1, 3, 4, 6, and 7 within the present invention have high flank wear resistance and exhibit much less flank wear than comparative Samples 2 and 5 outside the present invention.

[0104] It is concluded that Samples 1, 3, 4, 6, and 7 within the present invention have high delamination resistance and perform much better than Comparative Sample 2 outside the present invention.

[0105] Alternative inner layer effects: Samples 3 and 6 differ in that Sample 6 has an internal (Ti,Al)N nano-multilayer instead of a single (Ti,Al)N layer. Further cutting tests were performed on Sample 3 and Sample 6 to determine the effect on comb crack resistance and edge line toughness of having an alternative internal layer in Sample 6.

[0106] Comb crack resistance: Operation: Shoulder milling Tool holder: C5-391.20-25080 Material of workpiece: Toolox33 (tool steel), L=600mm, I=200mm, h=100mm Insert type: R390-11T308M-PM Cutting speed V c =250m / min Feed rate f z =0.2mm / rev Cutting depth a p =3mm Radial Fit a e =12.5mm With cutting fluid

[0107] The criterion for the end of tool life is a maximum chipping height VB>0.3 mm.

[0108] Edge toughness: Material of workpiece: Dievar unhardened, P3.0.Z.AN z=1 V c =200m / min f z =0.20mm a e =12mm a p =3.0 Cutting length = 12mm No cutting fluid

[0109] The cut-off criteria are at least 0.5 mm chipping at the cutting edge or 0.2 mm measured depth in either the escape or rake phase. Tool life is presented as the number of cut entries to achieve these criteria. TIFF2024534250000005.tif49170

[0110] The results of both the comb crack resistance test and the edge line toughness (ELT) test showed that the inner Ti 0.40 Al 0.60 Instead of the N layer, the inner nano-Ti 0.40 Al 0.60 N / Ti 0.25 Al 0.75 This is improved by the presence of the N layer.

Claims

1. A coated cutting tool (1) comprising a substrate (5) and a coating (6), wherein the coating (6) is Ti １－ｘ Al ｘ N (0.35 ≤ x < 0.67) of a first nano-layer type (9), Ti １－ｙ Si ｙ N (0.10 ≤ y ≤ 0.25) of a second nano-layer type (10), and Ti １－ｚ Al ｚ N (0.70 ≤ z ≤ 0.90) of a third nano-layer type (11) and comprising a nano-multilayer (8) of alternating nano-layers of about 0.5 to about 10 μm, wherein the average nano-layer thicknesses of the nano-layer types Ti １－ｘ Al ｘ N (9), Ti １－ｙ Si ｙ N (10), and Ti １－ｚ Al ｚ N (11) are each 1 to 30 nm, the coated cutting tool (1).

2. The ratio between the sums of the thicknesses of all of each nano-layer type in the nano-multilayer (8), Ti １－ｘ Al ｘ N(9):Ti １－ｙ Si ｙ N(10):Ti １－ｚ Al ｚ The coated cutting tool (1) according to claim 1, wherein N(11) is a:b:c [wherein, 0.5 < a < 3, 0.5 < b < 3, 0.5 < c < 3, preferably, 0.75 < a < 2.5, 0.75 < b < 2.5, 0.75 < c < 2.5, most preferably, 0.9 < a < 2.25, 0.9 < b < 2.25, 0.9 < c < 2.25].

3. When the first nano-layer type (9) is Ti １－ｘ Al ｘ N, the coated cutting tool (1) according to claim 1, suitably 0.40 ≦ x ≦ 0.67, preferably 0.45 ≦ x ≦ 0.

62.

4. The second nano-layer type (10) is Ti １－ｙ Si ｙ N, and in the case where it is, suitably 0.13 ≦ y ≦ 0.23, preferably 0.17 ≦ y ≦ 0.21, the coated cutting tool (1) according to claim 1.

5. The third nano-layer type (11) is Ti １－ｚ Al ｚ N, the coated cutting tool (1) according to claim 1, wherein suitably 0.70 < z ≦ 0.85, preferably 0.75 < z ≦ 0.

85.

6. Each nano-layer type Ti in the nano-multilayer １－ｘ Al ｘ N, Ti １－ｙ Si ｙ N, and Ti １－ｚ Al ｚ The coated cutting tool (1) according to claim 1, wherein the average nano-layer thickness in the N nano-multilayer (8) is suitably 1 to 20 nm, preferably 1.5 to 10 nm, and most preferably 2 to 5 nm.

7. In the nano-multilayer, nano-layer type Ti １－ｘ Al ｘ N(9), Ti １－ｙ Si ｙ N(10), and Ti １－ｚ Al ｚ Any one of N(11) and the average nano-layer thickness ratio in the nano-multilayer (8) between any one of the remaining two of N(11) and the nano-layer type Ti １－ｘ Al ｘ N(9), Ti １－ｙ Si ｙ N(10), and Ti １－ｚ Al ｚ The coated cutting tool (1) according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the average nano-layer thickness in the nano-multilayer (8) between any one of N(11) and any one of the remaining two of N(11) and the nano-layer type Ti is preferably 0.1 to 10, more preferably 0.5 to 5, and most preferably 0.8 to 2.

8. In the nano-multilayer (8), all of Ti １－ｘ Al ｘ N (9), Ti １－ｙ Si ｙ N (10), and Ti １－ｚ Al ｚ N (11) are present in a series of 10 consecutive nano-layers, preferably 8, most preferably 6 consecutive nano-layers in the coated cutting tool (1) according to claim 1.

9. The coated cutting tool (1) according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the nano-multilayer (8) is from about 1 to about 8 μm, preferably from about 1.5 to about 5 μm.

10. The coated cutting tool (1) according to claim 1, wherein the coating (6) comprises an inner layer (7) of TiN or (Ti, Al)N having a thickness of from about 0.1 to 3 μm, preferably from about 0.5 to about 2 μm, below the nano-multilayer (8) closest to the substrate (5).

11. The inner layer (7) is Ti １－ｔ Al ｔ N (0.35 ≦ t ≦ 0.70), the coated cutting tool (1) according to claim 10.

12. The inner layer (7) is Ti １－ｕ Al ｕ N (0.35 ≤ u < 0.67) and Ti １－ｖ Al ｖ The coated cutting tool (1) according to claim 10, wherein the (Ti, Al)N layer is a (Ti, Al)N nanomultilayer of alternating nanolayers of N (0.70 ≤ v ≤ 0.90).

13. The coated cutting tool (1) according to claim 1, wherein the substrate (5) of the coated cutting tool (1) is selected from the group consisting of carbide, cermet, ceramic, cubic boron nitride, and high speed steel.

14. The coated cutting tool (1) according to claim 1, wherein the coated cutting tool (1) is a cutting tool insert, drill, or solid end mill for metal machining.

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