Fuel composition

Abstract

To disclose a fuel composition.SOLUTION: A fuel composition of one embodiment includes aluminosilicates and a palm kernel shell obtained by the steps of allowing an ingredient material in a hopper to fall to a first elevation conveyor belt, primarily removing a metal composition from the ingredient material while elevating the ingredient material having been fallen to the first elevation conveyor belt, allowing the ingredient material from which the metal composition has been primarily removed to fall to a second elevation conveyor belt, removing foreign matters by using a filter before the ingredient material from which the metal composition has been primarily removed reaches the second elevation conveyor belt, and secondarily removing a metal composition from the ingredient material while elevating the foreign matter-removed ingredient material. A ratio obtained by dividing a content of silicon dioxide in the aluminosilicates by a content of aluminum oxide is 0.78-1.58, and the aluminosilicates are blended with palm kernel shell at a rate of 3-5 pts.wt. per 100 pts.wt. of palm kernel shell.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a fuel composition. [Background technology]

[0002] Generally, a large amount of palm by-products are generated during the palm oil production process. The by-product generated during the palm oil extraction process is called palm kernel shell (PKS).

[0003] Most of these palm kernel shells have been incinerated or buried, but recently, research has been ongoing to reuse the waste palm kernel shells as fuel. In this regard, Korean Patent No. 10-1566489 presents technology for a fluidized bed boiler control system that uses PKS as a mobile fuel.

[0004] However, when cultivating palm fruits on palm farms, large amounts of various fertilizers are used to increase yields, which can result in the palm kernel shells containing large amounts of alkaline components such as potassium (K) and sodium (N).

[0005] When palm kernel shells are burned in a boiler, the alkaline components (e.g., K2O, Na2O) contained in the shells are released, which not only causes uneven combustion but also reacts with the ash in the furnace to coat the inner walls of the boiler, potentially corroding metal surfaces including the inner walls of the boiler.

[0006] In addition, low-melting-point inorganic substances contained in palm kernel shells melt and flow during the combustion process of the palm kernel shells, adhering to the inner walls and heat exchange parts of the boiler and causing slagging and fouling phenomena, which significantly reduces the thermal efficiency of the boiler, interferes with the flow pattern inside the combustion furnace, and even causes serious damage to the inner walls of the boiler. Therefore, there is a need for the development of new technology that can improve on previous problems. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0007] The technical idea of ​​the present disclosure is intended to solve the above-mentioned problems, and aims to provide a technology that can reuse palm kernel shells as fuel, which have previously been incinerated or discarded.

[0008] Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a technology that can improve thermal imbalance, slagging, fouling, and corrosion problems inside a boiler caused by specific components present in palm kernel shells during combustion of palm kernel shells.

[0009] The problems that the present disclosure aims to solve are not limited to those mentioned above, and other technical problems not mentioned will be clearly understood by those having ordinary skill in the art to which the present disclosure pertains from the contents described below. [Means for solving the problem]

[0010] In order to achieve this object, in one embodiment of the present invention, the fuel composition includes palm kernel shells obtained by the steps of: dropping raw materials in a hopper onto a first ascending conveyor belt; ascending the raw materials dropped onto the first ascending conveyor belt to primarily remove metal components from the raw materials; dropping the raw materials from which the metal components have been primarily removed onto a second ascending conveyor belt; removing foreign matter with a filter before the raw materials from which the metal components have been primarily removed reach the second ascending conveyor belt; and ascending the raw materials from which the foreign matter has been removed to secondary remove metal components from the raw materials; and an aluminosilicate, wherein a ratio of a silicon dioxide content contained in the aluminosilicate divided by an aluminum oxide content contained in the aluminosilicate is 0.78 to 1.58, and 3 to 5 parts by weight of the aluminosilicate is mixed with the palm kernel shells per 100 parts by weight of the palm kernel shells.

[0011] The aluminosilicate has a specific surface area of ​​100 to 180 m2 as measured according to the International Organization for Standardization ISO 9277:2010. 2 / g.

[0012] In addition, the aluminosilicate may have a weight loss rate of 5% or less when heated from 400°C to 800°C.

[0013] Also, the aluminosilicate may be sprinkled onto and mixed with the palm kernel shells as they move on the third ascending conveyor belt.

[0014] In addition, immediately after the palm kernel shell is washed, the palm kernel shell may be mixed with the aluminosilicate and dried, thereby allowing the aluminosilicate to adhere to the surface of the palm kernel shell.

[0015] In order to achieve the above object, as another embodiment of the present invention, a method for producing a fuel composition includes a raw material dropping step of dropping raw materials in a hopper onto a first ascending conveyor belt; a primary metal selection step of primarily removing metal components from the raw materials while ascending the raw materials dropped onto the first ascending conveyor belt; a first transport step of dropping the raw materials from which metal components have been primarily removed onto a second ascending conveyor belt; a filtering step of removing foreign matter with a filter before the raw materials from which metal components have been primarily removed reach the second ascending conveyor belt; a secondary metal selection step of secondarily removing metal components from the raw materials while ascending the raw materials from which foreign matter has been removed; a washing step of washing palm kernel shells, which are the raw materials from which metal components have been secondarily removed; and a drying step of mixing the washed palm kernel shells with an aluminosilicate and drying the mixture to attach the aluminosilicate to the surfaces of the palm kernel shells.

[0016] The above-mentioned solutions to the problems are merely exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. In addition to the above-mentioned exemplary embodiments, there may be additional embodiments described in the drawings and the detailed description of the invention. Effect of the Invention

[0017] As described above, according to various embodiments of the present invention, a fuel composition is produced using palm kernel shells and aluminosilicate, thereby producing an environmentally friendly fuel with excellent combustion efficiency.

[0018] Furthermore, according to various embodiments of the present disclosure, when a fuel composition is produced using palm kernel shells, costs associated with waste disposal of palm kernel shells can be reduced.

[0019] In addition, according to various embodiments of the present invention, when the palm kernel shell is burned, the aluminosilicate reacts with certain components (e.g., potassium, sodium, chlorine, etc.) contained in the palm kernel shell to generate a substance with a high melting point, thereby improving thermal imbalance, slagging and fouling phenomena, and corrosion problems inside the boiler caused by certain components present in the palm kernel shell.

[0020] In particular, when a fuel composition is produced using palm kernel shells, it is possible to reduce the cost of waste disposal of palm kernel shells, and when the palm kernel shells are burned, the alkali components contained in the palm kernel shells are converted into high melting point substances by aluminosilicates, which contributes to complete combustion of the fuel and prevents corrosion of metal surfaces, including the inner walls of the boiler.

[0021] The effects of the various embodiments of the present invention are not limited to those mentioned above, and other effects not mentioned will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the claims. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0022] [Figure 1] 1 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a fuel composition production apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Diagram 2] 1 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a cleaning machine according to an embodiment of the present invention; [Diagram 3] 1 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a dryer according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 4] 1 is a flow chart that generally illustrates a method for producing a fuel composition according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Diagram 5] 4 is a flow chart that generally illustrates a method for producing a fuel composition according to another embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0023] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, for the sake of brevity, the description of known technical aspects will be omitted or simplified.

[0024] It should be noted that references herein to "one" or "an" embodiment of the present invention do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, but rather to at least one.

[0025] In the following examples, the terms "first", "second" and the like are not used in a limiting sense but are used to distinguish one component from another component.

[0026] In the following examples, singular expressions include plural expressions unless otherwise clearly indicated in the context.

[0027] In the following examples, terms such as "comprise" or "have" mean the presence of features or components described in the specification, and do not preclude the possibility that one or more other features or components may be added.

[0028] When an embodiment can be otherwise embodied, the order of certain steps may be performed differently from the order described. For example, two steps described in succession may be performed substantially simultaneously or in the reverse order from that described. That is, each step of the method described herein may be suitably performed in any order unless otherwise stated in the specification or clearly contradicted by the context.

[0029] <Description of fuel composition> The fuel composition according to an embodiment may include palm kernel shells and aluminosilicate. In an embodiment, the palm kernel shells may be obtained through a plurality of processes. FIG. 1 is a schematic conceptual diagram of an apparatus for producing a fuel composition according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 1, raw materials in a hopper 100 are dropped onto a first ascending conveyor belt 200, and the raw materials dropped onto the first ascending conveyor belt 200 may rise by the first ascending conveyor belt 200. Here, the raw materials refer to palm kernel shells from which foreign matter and metal components have not been removed. When the raw materials rise in the moving direction of the first ascending conveyor belt 200, metal components may be primarily removed from the raw materials by the magnetic force of a first metal separator 210 provided above the first ascending conveyor belt 200. The raw material from which the metal components have been primarily removed is dropped toward the second ascending conveyor belt 300, and before the raw material from which the metal components have been primarily removed reaches the second ascending conveyor belt 300, it passes through a filter 400 disposed between the first ascending conveyor belt 200 and the second ascending conveyor belt 300, whereby foreign matter can be removed. The raw material from which the foreign matter has been removed rises in the direction of movement of the second ascending conveyor belt, and during this process, the metal components can be secondarily removed from the raw material by the magnetic force of the second metal separator 310 disposed above the second ascending conveyor belt 300. The palm kernel shell, which is the raw material from which the metal components have been secondarily removed, can be mixed with an aluminosilicate. For example, 3 to 5 parts by weight (e.g., 3, 4, or 5 parts by weight) of aluminosilicate per 100 parts by weight of palm kernel shell can be mixed with the palm kernel shell. If the content of aluminosilicate is less than 3 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of palm kernel shell, it is difficult to effectively control the alkaline components released from the palm kernel shell during combustion of the palm kernel shell, so it is preferable to apply the content of aluminosilicate to 3 parts by weight or more.

[0030] According to one embodiment, the palm kernel shells moving along the second ascending conveyor belt 300 are dropped in the direction of the third ascending conveyor belt 500, and as the palm kernel shells move on the third ascending conveyor belt 500, a spreader 510 provided above the third ascending conveyor belt 500 can spread aluminosilicate on the palm kernel shells to mix them with the palm kernel shells.

[0031] According to another embodiment, the palm kernel shell can be put into a washer together with a washing solution (e.g., water, an acid solution of pH 5, etc.) and washed for a certain time (e.g., 1 to 2 hours), and immediately after washing the palm kernel shell, the palm kernel shell can be put into a dryer together with an aluminosilicate. During the process in which the palm kernel shell is mixed with the aluminosilicate and dried in the dryer, the aluminosilicate can be attached to the surface of the palm kernel shell.

[0032] In the present specification, aluminosilicate refers to a combination of alumina (Al2O3) and silica (SiO2). The aluminosilicate according to an embodiment may have a structure in which the number of silicon (Si) atoms relative to aluminum (Al) elements is 1 to 5.

[0033] In one embodiment, the aluminosilicate can convert the alkaline components released from the palm kernel shell into at least one of kalsilite (KAlSiO4) and leucite (KAlSiO2).

[0034] In other words, when the palm kernel shell is burned, the alkaline components contained in the palm kernel shell react with aluminosilicate and are converted into kalsilite, which has a melting point of 1600°C or higher, or into leucite, which has a melting point of 1500°C or higher. This improves the problems of slagging, fouling, and coagulation that occurred when the alkaline components melted in the boiler.

[0035] According to one embodiment, the aluminosilicate may include silicon dioxide and aluminum oxide.

[0036] In one embodiment, the content of aluminum oxide contained in the aluminosilicate may be 20 to 60 parts by weight. As a specific example, the content of aluminum oxide may be 20 parts by weight, 25 parts by weight, 30 parts by weight, 35 parts by weight, 40 parts by weight, 45 parts by weight, 50 parts by weight, 55 parts by weight, or 60 parts by weight. In addition, the content of aluminum oxide may be one or more of the above values ​​and one or less of the above values.

[0037] For example, the content range of aluminum oxide contained in the aluminosilicate may be 20 parts by weight to 30 parts by weight, 30 parts by weight to 40 parts by weight, 35 parts by weight to 45 parts by weight, 40 parts by weight to 50 parts by weight, or 20 parts by weight to 60 parts by weight. The aluminum oxide according to one embodiment can effectively control the alkaline components of palm kernel shells within the above range.

[0038] If the aluminum oxide contained in the aluminosilicate is outside the range of 20 to 60 parts by weight, it is not easy to effectively control the alkaline components released from the palm kernel shell during combustion of the palm kernel shell.

[0039] In one embodiment, the content of silicon dioxide contained in the aluminosilicate may be 40 to 80 parts by weight. As a specific example, the content of silicon dioxide may be 40 parts by weight, 45 parts by weight, 50 parts by weight, 55 parts by weight, 60 parts by weight, 65 parts by weight, 70 parts by weight, 75 parts by weight, or 80 parts by weight. In addition, the content of silicon dioxide may be one or more of the above values ​​and one or less of the above values.

[0040] For example, the content range of silicon dioxide contained in the aluminosilicate may be 40 parts by weight to 50 parts by weight, 50 parts by weight to 60 parts by weight, 55 parts by weight to 65 parts by weight, 60 parts by weight to 70 parts by weight, 55 parts by weight to 70 parts by weight, or 40 parts by weight to 80 parts by weight. The silicon dioxide according to one embodiment can effectively control the alkaline components of the palm kernel shell within the above range. If the silicon dioxide contained in the aluminosilicate is out of the range of 40 to 80 parts by weight, it is not easy to effectively control the alkaline components released from the palm kernel shell during the combustion of the palm kernel shell.

[0041] According to an embodiment, the ratio of the content of silicon dioxide contained in the aluminosilicate divided by the content of aluminum oxide contained in the aluminosilicate may be 0.78 to 1.58. For example, if the content of silicon dioxide contained in the aluminosilicate is 48 parts by weight and the content of aluminum oxide contained in the aluminosilicate is 42 parts by weight, the ratio of the content of silicon dioxide contained in the aluminosilicate divided by the content of aluminum oxide contained in the aluminosilicate may be 1.14.

[0042] As specific examples, the ratio of the silicon dioxide content in the aluminosilicate divided by the aluminum oxide content in the aluminosilicate is 0.78, 0.79, 0.8, 0.81, 0.82, 0.84, 0.86, 0.88, 0.9, 0.91, 0.92, 0.93, 0.94, 0.95, 0.96, 0.97, 0.98, 0.99, 1, 1.01, 1.02, 1.03, 1.04, 1.05, 1.06, 1.07, 1.08, 1.09, and 1. It may be 1, 1.11, 1.12, 1.13, 1.14, 1.15, 1.16, 1.17, 1.18, 1.19, 1.2, 1.21, 1.22, 1.23, 1.24, 1.25, 1.26, 1.27, 1.28, 1.29, 1.3, 1.31, 1.32, 1.34, 1.36, 1.38, 1.4, 1.42, 1.44, 1.46, 1.48, 1.5, 1.51, 1.52, 1.53, 1.54, 1.55, 1.56, 1.57, or 1.58. Also, the ratio of the content of silicon dioxide contained in the aluminosilicate divided by the content of aluminum oxide contained in the aluminosilicate may be in a range from one or more to one or less than one of the above values.

[0043] For example, the ratio of the content of silicon dioxide contained in the aluminosilicate divided by the content of aluminum oxide contained in the aluminosilicate may be in the range of 0.78 to 1.2, 0.98 to 1.2, 0.9 to 1.2, 0.9 to 1.3, 1 to 1.2, 1 to 1.4, 1.18 to 1.58, 1.2 to 1.58, 1.38 to 1.58, or 0.78 to 1.58. When the content ratio of silicon dioxide to aluminum oxide contained in the aluminosilicate is within the above range, the aluminosilicate reacts with the alkaline component of the palm kernel shell to effectively suppress slagging and fouling phenomena.

[0044] If the ratio of the silicon dioxide content in the aluminosilicate divided by the aluminum oxide content in the aluminosilicate is outside the range of 0.78 to 1.58, the efficiency of generating high melting point substances (e.g., kalsilite, leucite, etc.) by reacting with the alkaline components released from the palm kernel shell during combustion of the palm kernel shell decreases, making it difficult to prevent slagging and fouling.

[0045] According to one embodiment, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy can be used to determine the weights of silicon dioxide and aluminum oxide contained in the aluminosilicate, and thus derive the ratio of the silicon dioxide content in the aluminosilicate divided by the aluminum oxide content in the aluminosilicate.

[0046] In one embodiment, the aluminosilicate has a specific surface area of ​​100 to 180 m2 as measured according to the International Organization for Standardization ISO 9277:2010. 2 As a specific example, the specific surface area of ​​the aluminosilicate can be 100 m 2 / g, 110m 2 / g, 120m 2 / g, 130m 2 / g, 140m 2 / g, 150m 2 / g, 160m 2 / g, 170m 2 / g or 180m 2 / g may be applied. Also, the specific surface area of ​​the aluminosilicate may be in a range of one or more of the above values ​​and one or less of the above values.

[0047] For example, the specific surface area of ​​aluminosilicates ranges from 100 m 2 / g~140m 2 / g, 105m 2 / g~135m 2 / g, 110m 2 / g~130m 2 / g, 115m 2 / g~135m 2 / g, 120m 2 / g~150m2 / g, 125m 2 / g~145m 2 / g, 100m 2 / g~150m 2 / g or 100m 2 / g~180m 2 The upper limit of the specific surface area of ​​the aluminosilicate according to an embodiment is not particularly limited, but may be in the range of 300 m 2 / g or less, 250m 2 / g or less, 200m 2 / g or less, 250m 2 / g or less, 200m 2 / g or less, 180m 2 / g or less or 150m 2 / g or less.

[0048] In one embodiment, the larger the specific surface area of ​​the aluminosilicate, the easier it is to adsorb alkali components (e.g., K2O, Na2O, etc.) and chlorides (e.g., KCl, HCl, etc.) that are generated during the combustion of palm kernel shells, and the more effectively it can suppress slagging, fouling, and corrosion. Suppose the specific surface area of ​​the aluminosilicate is 100m 2 If the content is less than 1 / g, the efficiency of physically adsorbing and collecting the alkaline components generated from the palm kernel shells decreases, making it difficult to adequately control slagging and fouling phenomena, and chlorides may adhere to the inside of the boiler, causing corrosion of metal parts.

[0049] In one embodiment, the average particle size of the aluminosilicate may be 20 to 500 μm. As a specific example, the average particle size of the aluminosilicate may be 20 μm, 30 μm, 40 μm, 50 μm, 60 μm, 70 μm, 80 μm, 90 μm, 100 μm, 200 μm, 300 μm, 400 μm, or 500 μm. Of course, the average particle size of the aluminosilicate may be adjusted differently depending on the combustion conditions.

[0050] Meanwhile, the aluminosilicate according to an embodiment may have a weight loss rate of 5% or less, 4.5% or less, 4% or less, 3.5% or less, 3% or less, 2.5% or less, 2% or less, 1.5% or less, 1% or less, 0.9% or less, 0.8% or less, 0.7% or less, 0.6% or less, 0.5% or less, 0.4% or less, 0.3% or less, 0.2% or less, or 0.1% or less when heated from 400° C. to 800° C. at a rate of 10° C. per minute. For example, the weight loss rate of the aluminosilicate may be 5% or less when heated from 400° C. to 800° C. at a rate of 10° C. per minute. Here, the weight loss rate of the aluminosilicate may be calculated by the following Equation 1.

[0051] [Number 1] Weight loss rate of aluminosilicate (%) = (AB) / A*100 (where A is the weight of the aluminosilicate at 400°C and B is the weight of the aluminosilicate at 800°C)

[0052] The lower limit of the weight loss rate of the aluminosilicate according to an embodiment is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 0.001% or more, 0.01% or more, or 0.05% or more.

[0053] Unlike kaolin (e.g., kaolinite, halloysite, etc.), the aluminosilicate according to one embodiment does not contain water of crystallization within the aluminosilicate, so the phenomenon in which the water of crystallization evaporates at high temperatures and the total weight of the aluminosilicate is reduced hardly occurs, and the weight reduction rate at 400 to 800°C is 5% or less.

[0054] In contrast, the specific surface area of ​​kaolin may become larger than that at room temperature as the water of crystallization contained within it evaporates at 400~800℃. However, the specific surface area of ​​kaolin does not increase until it reaches the temperature at which the water of crystallization evaporates, making it difficult to quickly adsorb and remove the alkaline components released from the palm kernel shells.

[0055] However, the aluminosilicate according to one embodiment does not contain water of crystallization inside, and has a specific surface area (e.g., 100 to 180 m) at 400 to 800° C. similar to that at room temperature (e.g., 20 to 25° C.)2 / g), it can adsorb and remove alkaline components more quickly than kaolin.

[0056] The aluminosilicate according to an embodiment may further contain unavoidable impurities as the balance other than the content of aluminum oxide and silicon dioxide.

[0057] <Description of the method for producing the fuel composition> A fuel composition according to one embodiment may be produced by a fuel composition production apparatus 10. In one embodiment, the fuel composition production apparatus 10 may include a hopper 100, a first ascending conveyor belt 200, a first metal separator 210, a second ascending conveyor belt 300, a second metal separator 310, a filter 400, a third ascending conveyor belt 500, a spreader 510, a washer 600, and a dryer 700.

[0058] In one embodiment, the hopper 100 stores raw materials and can dump the raw materials therein downward. According to one embodiment, the first ascending conveyor belt 200 is a conveyor belt installed so as to be inclined at a certain angle with respect to the ground. In one embodiment, the first metal separator 210 is installed above the first ascending conveyor belt 200 and can separate metal components from the raw materials on the first ascending conveyor belt 200. In one embodiment, the second ascending conveyor belt 300 is a conveyor belt installed so as to be inclined at a certain angle with respect to the ground and can be installed below the first ascending conveyor belt 200. In one embodiment, the second metal separator 310 is installed above the second ascending conveyor belt 300 and can separate metal components from the raw materials on the second ascending conveyor belt 300.

[0059] In one embodiment, the filter 400 may be installed between the first ascending conveyor belt 200 and the second ascending conveyor belt 300. That is, the filter 400 may be installed in a space that is below the first ascending conveyor belt 200 and above the second ascending conveyor belt 300. Also, the filter 400 may be realized by a plurality of filters having different hole diameters.

[0060] In one embodiment, the filter 400 may include a first filter 410 and a second filter 420 having a plurality of holes formed therein. The first filter 410 and the second filter 420 may have different hole diameters, and the first filter 410 may be disposed above the second filter 420 such that the hole diameter of the first filter 410 is larger than the hole diameter of the second filter 420.

[0061] In one embodiment, the third ascending conveyor belt 500 is a conveyor belt installed to be inclined at a certain angle with respect to the ground, and can be installed below the second ascending conveyor belt 300. In one embodiment, the spreader 510 is installed above the third ascending conveyor belt 500, and can spread the aluminosilicate inside the spreader 510 downward. For example, the spreader 510 can spread the aluminosilicate at a rate of 1.7 g / sec.

[0062] 2 is a schematic diagram of a washer according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 2, a space capable of accommodating a cleaning liquid (e.g., water) may be formed inside a washer 600 according to an embodiment. A conveyor belt 610 may be installed in the washer 600 so as to be inclined at a certain angle. According to an embodiment, a part of the conveyor belt 610 is installed so as to be immersed in the cleaning liquid, so that palm kernel shells cleaned by the cleaning liquid can be easily transported to the outside of the washer 600 by moving in the moving direction of the conveyor belt 610.

[0063] According to one embodiment, the washer 600 is a device for washing palm kernel shells. By putting a washing solution and palm kernel shells into the washer 600 and washing them for a certain period of time, the alkaline components contained in the palm kernel shells can be removed to a certain degree or more.

[0064] In one embodiment, the time for washing the palm kernel shells using the washer 600 may be 24 hours, taking into consideration the efficiency of removing alkaline components and productivity. If the washing time is less than 24 hours, it is difficult to sufficiently remove the alkaline components contained in the palm kernel shells, and if it exceeds 24 hours, the washing takes a long time, reducing the process efficiency and productivity, and even if it exceeds 24 hours, the degree of removal of the alkaline components is small, so washing for 24 hours is preferable.

[0065] 3 is a schematic diagram showing a dryer according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 3, the dryer 700 according to an embodiment is an apparatus for attaching aluminosilicate to the surface of palm kernel shells while drying the washed palm kernel shells, and may include a main body 710, a stirring unit 720, and a heating unit 730.

[0066] In one embodiment, the main body 710 has an internal space capable of accommodating the washed palm kernel shells, and a stirring unit 720 for mixing the palm kernel shells and the aluminosilicate may be provided inside the main body 710 in the longitudinal direction of the main body 710. In one embodiment, the stirring unit 720 may include a stirring shaft 721 installed horizontally to the ground, and a screw 722 wound in a spiral shape around the outer circumferential surface of the stirring shaft 721.

[0067] In one embodiment, the heating unit 730 may heat the main body 710 from below the main body 710 so that the inside of the main body 710 is maintained at a constant temperature (e.g., 100 to 120°C). According to one embodiment, the washed palm kernel shells are put into the main body 710 together with the aluminosilicate, and when the stirring shaft 721 rotates at a constant speed (e.g., 20 to 30 rpm), the palm kernel shells and the aluminosilicate may be mixed for a certain time (e.g., 10 to 60 minutes) by moving along the screw 722. In particular, during the mixing process, the aluminosilicate particles are attached to the palm kernel shells whose surfaces are wet, and even after the drying process is completed, the aluminosilicate particles attached to the palm kernel shells are not easily separated and may remain attached.

[0068] A method for producing a fuel composition according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 4 in a sequential order for convenience.

[0069] 1. Raw material input stage <s401>< / s401> At this stage, the raw material in the hopper 100 can be dropped onto the first ascending conveyor belt 200. At this stage, the raw material in the hopper 100 means palm kernel shells from which foreign matter and metal components have not been removed.

[0070] 2. First metal sorting step <s402>< / s402> In this step, the raw materials dropped onto the first ascending conveyor belt 200 move upward while moving in the moving direction of the first ascending conveyor belt 200, and metal components may be primarily removed from the raw materials by the magnetic force of the first metal separator 210 installed above the first ascending conveyor belt 200. The raw materials from which the metal components have been primarily removed may move to one end of the first ascending conveyor belt 200.

[0071] 3. First Transfer Phase <s403>< / s403> In this step, the raw material from which the metal components have been primarily removed in step S402 may be dropped onto the second ascending conveyor belt 300.

[0072] 4. Filtering stage <s404>< / s404> In this step, the raw material from which metal components have been primarily removed passes through a filter 400 disposed between the first ascending conveyor belt 200 and the second ascending conveyor belt 300 before reaching the second ascending conveyor belt 300, thereby removing foreign matter. According to one embodiment, the raw material from which metal components have been primarily removed passes sequentially through a first filter 410 and a second filter 420 having different hole diameters, thereby removing foreign matter.

[0073] 5. Secondary metal sorting stage <s405>< / s405> In this step, the raw material from which foreign objects have been removed in step S404 ascends in the moving direction of the second ascending conveyor belt 300, and during this process, metal components may be secondarily removed from the raw material by the magnetic force of the second metal separator 310 installed above the second ascending conveyor belt 300. The raw material from which the metal components have been secondarily removed may move to one end of the second ascending conveyor belt 300.

[0074] 6. Second Transfer Phase <s406>< / s406> In this step, the raw material from which the metal components have been secondarily removed in step S405 can be dropped onto the third ascending conveyor belt 500.

[0075] 7. Mixing stage <s407>< / s407> At this stage, the palm kernel shells are moved by a third ascending conveyor belt 500, and a spreader 510 installed on the upper side of the third ascending conveyor belt 500 can spread the aluminosilicate on the palm kernel shells to mix them with the palm kernel shells.

[0076] A method for producing a fuel composition according to another embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to Figures 1, 2, 3, and 5. For convenience, the description will be given in order. Also, the description overlapping with the method for producing a fuel composition according to the above-mentioned embodiment will be simplified or omitted.

[0077] 1. Raw material input stage <s501>< / s501> At this stage, the raw materials that were inside the hopper 100 can be dumped onto the first ascending conveyor belt 200.

[0078] 2. First metal sorting step <s502>< / s502> In this step, the raw materials dropped onto the first ascending conveyor belt 200 move upward while moving in the moving direction of the first ascending conveyor belt 200, and metal components may be primarily removed from the raw materials by the magnetic force of the first metal separator 210 installed above the first ascending conveyor belt 200. The raw materials from which the metal components have been primarily removed may move to one end of the first ascending conveyor belt 200.

[0079] 3. First Transfer Phase <s503>< / s503> In this step, the raw material from which the metal components have been primarily removed in step S502 may be dropped onto the second ascending conveyor belt 300.

[0080] 4. Filtering stage <s504>< / s504> In this step, before the raw material from which the metal components have been primarily removed reaches the second ascending conveyor belt 300, it passes through the first filter 410 and the second filter 420 arranged between the first ascending conveyor belt 200 and the second ascending conveyor belt 300 in sequence, thereby removing foreign matter.

[0081] 5. Secondary metal sorting stage <s505>< / s505> In this step, the raw material from which foreign objects have been removed in step S504 ascends in the direction of movement of the second ascending conveyor belt, and during this process, metal components may be secondarily removed from the raw material by the magnetic force of the second metal separator 310 installed above the second ascending conveyor belt 300. The raw material from which the metal components have been secondarily removed may move to one end of the second ascending conveyor belt 300.

[0082] 6. Washing stage <s506>< / s506> In this step, the palm kernel shells, which are the raw material from which the metal components have been secondarily removed in step S505, are put into the washer 600 together with a washing solution (e.g., water) and washed for a certain period of time, thereby removing a certain percentage or more of the alkaline components contained in the palm kernel shells.

[0083] 7. Drying stage <s507>< / s507> In this step, the palm kernel shells with the cleaning liquid on their surfaces are put into the main body 710 of the dryer 700 together with the aluminosilicate, and the agitator shaft 721 is rotated at a constant speed, so that the palm kernel shells and the aluminosilicate can be mixed together while rotating along the screw 722. Also, in this step, the heater 730 can heat the main body 710 to dry the palm kernel shells.

[0084] In this step, when the palm kernel shell and the aluminosilicate are mixed, the aluminosilicate particles adhere to the palm kernel shell whose surface is wet, and even after the drying process is completed, the aluminosilicate particles attached to the palm kernel shell are not easily separated and can maintain their adherent state.

[0085] According to one embodiment, at this stage, the stirring shaft 721 can rotate at a speed of 20 to 30 rpm. If the stirring shaft 721 rotates at less than 20 rpm, the palm kernel shell and the aluminosilicate may not be mixed uniformly, and if the stirring shaft 721 rotates at more than 30 rpm, the aluminosilicate may not adhere to the surface of the palm kernel shell easily, and even if it does adhere, it may be easily removed.

[0086] Also, at this stage, the internal temperature of the main body 710 can be maintained at 100 to 120. If the internal temperature of the main body 710 is less than 100, it is difficult to adjust the moisture content of the palm kernel shell (i.e., the ratio of moisture contained in the palm kernel shell), and if it exceeds 120, the cleaning solution on the surface of the palm kernel shell evaporates quickly, making it difficult for aluminosilicate to adhere to the surface of the palm kernel shell.

[0087] At this stage, the time for drying the palm kernel shell and the aluminosilicate inside the main body 710 can be 10 to 60 minutes. If the drying time is less than 10 minutes, the moisture content of the palm kernel shell exceeds 10% and it is not suitable for use as fuel, and if the drying time exceeds 60 minutes, it may be difficult to adhere a sufficient amount of aluminosilicate to the surface of the palm kernel shell.

[0088] The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to specific examples and experimental examples. The following examples and experimental examples are merely illustrative examples for the purpose of aiding in the understanding of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0089] Preparation of fuel compositions according to examples and comparative examples <Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 to 2> The raw materials in the hopper were dropped onto the first ascending conveyor belt, which was operated to raise the raw materials, while the metal components contained in the raw materials were primarily removed by the first metal separator. The raw materials from which the metal components were primarily removed were then dropped onto the second ascending conveyor belt, and the raw materials from which the metal components were primarily removed were passed through a first filter (hole diameter 50 mm) and a second filter (hole diameter 20 mm) in sequence to remove foreign matter. As the raw materials from which the foreign matter was removed rose on the second ascending conveyor belt, the metal components were secondarily removed by the second metal separator 310, and the palm kernel shells, which were the raw materials from which the metal components were secondarily removed, were dropped onto the third ascending conveyor belt 500. Thereafter, aluminosilicate was sprinkled onto the palm kernel shells in a ratio of 3 g of aluminosilicate per 100 g of palm kernel shells while the palm kernel shells were moving along the third ascending conveyor belt 500 .

[0090] The weights of silicon dioxide and aluminum oxide of the aluminosilicates of the Examples and Comparative Examples, which were fed into the mixer during the production of the black pellets used in the production of the fuel composition, were measured using an X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy device (Rigaku's ZSX Primus II), and the ratios obtained by dividing the silicon dioxide content in the aluminosilicate by the aluminum oxide content in the aluminosilicate were calculated and are shown in Table 1 below.

[0091] [Table 1]

[0092] Slagging and fouling suppression experiments for fuel compositions according to examples and comparative examples <Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 to 2> The fuel compositions of the Examples and Comparative Examples were charged and burned in a pilot test machine modeled after a circulating fluidized bed boiler at a thermal power plant to compare their slagging and fouling suppression performance. The fuel compositions were charged into the test machine at a rate of 2.5 kg / hr for 3 hours, and the average temperatures of the combustion furnace and the measurement load cell were maintained at 850°C and 600°C, respectively, during the pilot test. After the test was completed, the weight change of the load cell was measured to measure the weight of the slagging and fouling (i.e., the alkali components contained in the palm kernel shell melted and solidified on the surface of the load cell together with the ash particles) formed on the surface of the load cell, and the results are shown in Table 2.

[0093] [Table 2]

[0094] Referring to Table 2, it can be seen that the fuel compositions according to Examples 1 to 5, in which the ratio of the content of silicon dioxide contained in the aluminosilicate divided by the content of aluminum oxide contained in the aluminosilicate is within the range of 0.78 to 1.58, experienced relatively less slagging and fouling compared to Comparative Examples 1 and 2. That is, when the fuel compositions according to Examples 1 to 5 are burned, the aluminosilicate effectively controls the alkaline components contained in the palm kernel shells to suppress the occurrence of slagging and fouling, and prevents the alkaline components from reacting with chlorine to form chlorides, thereby preventing the chlorides from adhering to the inner walls and metal parts of the boiler and causing corrosion.

[0095] Specific surface area measurement by BET method <Examples 1 to 5> 0.1 g of the aluminosilicate sample used in each example was pretreated at 100°C to remove surface water from the sample, and then the specific surface area of ​​each sample was measured three times in total using a MicrotracBEL BELSORP-max II instrument according to the standard analytical method ISO 9277:2010, and the average values ​​were listed in Table 3 below.

[0096] [Table 3]

[0097] Weight loss rate measurement <Examples 1 to 5> 200 mg of an aluminosilicate sample used in each example was placed in a thermogravimetric-differential scanning calorimeter (SDT Q600, TA Instruments) and heated from room temperature (25°C) to 1,000°C at a rate of 10°C per minute. The weight of the aluminosilicate was measured at 400°C and 800°C, and the weight loss rate of each sample was calculated according to Equation 1 above. The results are shown in Table 4 below.

[0098] [Table 4]

[0099] Cone-shaped sample production for examples and comparative examples <Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 to 2> The fuel compositions prepared in the examples and comparative examples were calcined at 550°C to produce ash, according to ISO 18122 Solid biofuels. The prepared ash samples were placed in a cone mold and pressurized at 20 MPa for 2 minutes to produce cone samples in the examples and comparative examples.

[0100] High temperature stability experiment <Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 to 2> In order to confirm the stability at high temperatures of the cone-shaped samples prepared according to the Examples and Comparative Examples, an experiment was carried out based on the determination of fusibility of ash (ISO 540), and the results are shown in Table 5 below.

[0101] [Table 5]

[0102] Table 5 shows photographs of the shape of each cone-shaped sample according to temperature, and records the temperature at which each sample begins to deform. Referring to the melting degree experiment results in Table 5, it can be seen that all of the heat distortion temperatures of Examples 1 to 5 are 1,000°C or higher, and therefore stable at high temperatures. In contrast, it was confirmed that Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were heat deformed at less than 1,000°C. That is, since the heat distortion temperatures of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 are less than 1,000°C, it can be seen that when the fuel compositions according to Comparative Examples 1 and 2 are burned, they may melt in a portion of a circulating fluidized bed boiler in a thermal power plant, causing clinker to be generated (i.e., slagging or fouling may occur).

[0103] Experiment on alkaline component removal efficiency depending on cleaning time <Examples 6 to 10 and Comparative Example 3> The raw materials in the hopper were dropped onto the first ascending conveyor belt, which was operated to raise the raw materials, while the metal components contained in the raw materials were primarily removed by the first metal separator. The raw materials from which the metal components were primarily removed were then dropped onto the second ascending conveyor belt, and the raw materials from which the metal components were primarily removed were passed through the first filter (hole diameter 50 mm) and the second filter (hole diameter 20 mm) in sequence to remove foreign matter. The raw materials from which the foreign matter was removed were raised by the second ascending conveyor belt, while the metal components were secondarily removed by the second metal separator. Then, 1 kg of palm kernel shells, which were the raw materials from which the metal components were secondarily removed, were put into the washer together with water, and the palm kernel shells were left to soak in water for the time periods listed in Table 6. After washing of each palm kernel shell was completed, 100 g of palm kernel shell was taken out, naturally dried for 24 hours, and crushed. The crushed material was analyzed by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (Rigaku's ZSX Primus II) to measure the concentration of alkaline component (potassium) contained in the palm kernel shell, and the results are shown in Table 6 below.

[0104] [Table 6]

[0105] Referring to Table 6, when the washing time is 24 hours, the concentration of the alkaline components contained in the palm kernel shells can be reduced to a level close to 600 ppm, and when the washing time exceeds 24 hours, the degree to which the alkaline components contained in the palm kernel shells are removed rapidly decreases.

[0106] Additional production of fuel compositions according to examples and comparative examples <Examples 11 to 13 and Comparative Examples 4 to 5> The raw materials in the hopper were dropped onto the first ascending conveyor belt, which was then operated to raise the raw materials, while the metal components contained within the raw materials were primarily removed by the first metal separator. The raw materials from which the metal components had been primarily removed were then dropped onto the second ascending conveyor belt, and the raw materials from which the metal components had been primarily removed were passed through the first filter (hole diameter 50mm) and the second filter (hole diameter 20mm) in sequence to remove foreign matter. The raw materials from which the foreign matter had been removed were then raised by the second ascending conveyor belt, while the metal components were secondarily removed by the second metal separator. The palm kernel shells, which were the raw materials from which the metal components had been secondarily removed, were then put into a washer together with water, and left to stand for 24 hours to wash the palm kernel shells. Immediately after the washing was completed, 1,000 g of palm kernel shells with water on the surface were mixed with 30 g of aluminosilicate (aluminosilicate of Example 3) and placed in the main body of a dryer and dried for the time shown in Table 7 below. The internal temperature of the main body was maintained at 100°C while the palm kernel shells and aluminosilicate were drying, and after the drying time was completed, the production of the fuel composition was completed.

[0107] [Table 7]

[0108] Measurement of aluminosilicate release rate depending on drying time during the drying stage The moisture content of each fuel composition according to Examples 11-13 and Comparative Examples 4-5 was measured using a moisture content meter, and a moisture content of 10% or less was evaluated as good, and a moisture content of more than 10% was evaluated as bad, as shown in Table 8 below. In order to investigate whether the aluminosilicate was separated from the palm kernel shell due to vibration during vehicle transportation of the fuel composition, each fuel composition according to Examples 11-13 and Comparative Examples 4-5 was placed in a container, the container was loaded onto a vehicle, and the vehicle was driven for 10 km on a paved road at a driving speed of 20 km / hr. After the drive was completed, the state of the fuel composition in the organic solvent was confirmed, and the separation rate of the aluminosilicate separated from the palm kernel shell was calculated using the following mathematical formula 2, and shown in Table 8 below.

[0109] [Number 2] Aluminosilicate detachment rate (%) = (30-D) / 30*100 (D is the weight of aluminosilicate still attached to the palm kernel shell after the run)

[0110] [Table 8]

[0111] Referring to Table 8, in Examples 11 to 13 in which the drying time is in the range of 10 to 60 minutes, the moisture content of the palm kernel shell is good and the separation rate of the aluminosilicate is less than 50%, so that the fuel composition is suitable for combustion and there is little risk of the palm kernel shell and the aluminosilicate being separated from each other during fuel transportation. On the other hand, in Comparative Example 4 in which the drying time is less than 10 minutes, the moisture content is good and the fuel composition is not suitable for use as fuel. In Comparative Example 5 in which the drying time is more than 60 minutes, the moisture content is good but the separation rate of the aluminosilicate is more than 50%, so that the palm kernel shell and the aluminosilicate are separated during fuel transportation. Therefore, it is difficult to efficiently control slagging and fouling phenomena when burning the fuel composition according to Comparative Example 5.

[0112] Further preparation of comparative fuel compositions <Comparative Examples 6 to 8> The raw material in the hopper was dropped onto the first ascending conveyor belt, and the first ascending conveyor belt was operated to raise the raw material, while the metal components contained in the raw material were primarily removed by the first metal separator. Then, the raw material from which the metal components were primarily removed was dropped onto the second ascending conveyor belt, and the raw material from which the metal components were primarily removed was passed through a first filter (hole diameter: 50 mm) and a second filter (hole diameter: 20 mm) in sequence to remove foreign matter. As the raw material from which the foreign matter was removed was raised by the second ascending conveyor belt, the metal components were secondarily removed by the second metal separator. Then, the palm kernel shell, which was the raw material from which the metal components were secondarily removed, was mixed with an aluminosilicate (aluminosilicate according to Example 3) to prepare a fuel composition. The contents of the palm kernel shell and the aluminosilicate are as shown in Table 9 below.

[0113] [Table 9]

[0114] Measurement of the release rate of aluminosilicate by Comparative Examples 6 to 8 In order to investigate whether the aluminosilicate is separated from the palm kernel shell due to vibration during transportation of the fuel composition by vehicle, each fuel composition according to Comparative Examples 6 to 8 was placed in a container, the container was loaded onto a vehicle, and the vehicle was driven for 10 km on a paved road at a speed of 20 km / hr. After the drive was completed, the state of the fuel composition in the container was confirmed, and the release rate of the aluminosilicate released from the palm kernel shell was calculated using the above-mentioned mathematical formula 2, and is shown in Table 10 below.

[0115] [Table 10]

[0116] Referring to Table 10, in the case of the fuel compositions of Comparative Examples 6 to 8, which did not undergo a washing and drying step, the aluminosilicate detachment rate during transportation exceeded 90%, so it was difficult to effectively control the slagging and fouling phenomena even when the fuel compositions were burned.

[0117] As described above, according to various embodiments of the present disclosure, palm kernel shells are used to produce a fuel composition, which is environmentally friendly and has excellent combustion efficiency.

[0118] Furthermore, various embodiments of the present disclosure can reduce costs associated with waste disposal of palm kernel shells.

[0119] In addition, according to various embodiments of the present disclosure, when the palm kernel shell is burned, the aluminosilicate reacts with specific components (e.g., potassium, sodium, chlorine, etc.) contained in the palm kernel shell to generate a substance with a high melting point, thereby improving thermal imbalance, slagging, fouling, and corrosion problems inside the boiler caused by the specific components present in the palm kernel shell.

[0120] In particular, when the fuel composition is burned, the alkaline components contained in the palm kernel shells are converted into high-melting point substances by the aluminosilicate, which contributes to the complete combustion of the fuel and prevents corrosion of metal surfaces, including the inner walls of the boiler, by chlorides.

[0121] In addition, according to various embodiments of the present invention, the alkaline components contained in the palm kernel shell can be controlled without using kaolin, thereby suppressing slagging and fouling caused by the alkaline components.

[0122] Furthermore, according to various embodiments of the present invention, the aluminosilicate mixed with palm kernel shell has a small weight loss rate at high temperatures, making it easy to set the amount of aluminosilicate to be added, and since the loss due to ignition loss is small, the alkali content can be controlled even with a relatively small amount compared to kaolin.

[0123] In addition, according to various embodiments of the present invention, since the aluminosilicate does not contain water of crystallization, it can be melted at room temperature for 100 to 180 m without being heat-treated at a high temperature of 400 to 800° C. 2 The specific surface area of ​​the palm kernel shell can be maintained at about 100 / g, and the large specific surface area can physically adsorb and remove alkaline components (e.g., K, Na, KO, NaO, etc.) that are melted and released during the combustion of palm kernel shells, thereby preventing slagging and fouling phenomena.

[0124] If the aluminosilicate contains water of crystallization, the specific surface area of ​​the aluminosilicate can be increased only by removing the water of crystallization through heat treatment at high temperature. However, according to various embodiments of the present invention, the specific surface area of ​​the aluminosilicate is high without the need to separately remove the water of crystallization, and therefore, when the palm kernel shell is burned, the alkali components can be controlled by a rapid adsorption reaction.

[0125] In addition, according to various embodiments of the present invention, since there is no need to use a separate adhesive material to attach the aluminosilicate to the palm kernel shell, it is economical, and since the aluminosilicate particles are maintained attached to the surface of the palm kernel shell, there is little risk that the aluminosilicate particles will be separated from the palm kernel shell during transportation of the fuel composition. Therefore, when the fuel composition is burned, the content of the palm kernel shell and the aluminosilicate to be burned can be maintained at a certain ratio or more, which is advantageous in terms of excellent combustion efficiency.

[0126] In addition, when water is used as a cleaning solution in the cleaning step according to various embodiments of the present invention, costs can be reduced compared to cleaning with an acidic or basic solution, and an additional cleaning process can be reduced compared to cleaning with an acidic or basic solution, thereby simplifying the process.

[0127] In addition, when an acid solution (eg, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, etc.) having a pH level of 5 is used as a cleaning solution in the cleaning step according to various embodiments of the present invention, an additional cleaning process for adjusting the pH can be reduced.

[0128] As described above, the specific description of the present invention has been disclosed based on the embodiments. However, since the above-mentioned embodiments merely describe preferred examples of the present invention, the present invention should not be understood as being limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and the scope of the present invention should be understood as the scope of the claims described below and their equivalent concepts. [Explanation of symbols]

[0129] 10 Fuel composition manufacturing equipment 100 Hopper 200 1st Ascending Conveyor Belt 210 No. 1 Metal Sorting Machine 300 2nd Ascending Conveyor Belt 310 Second metal separator 400 Filters 410 1st Filter 420 2nd Filter 500 3rd Ascending Conveyor Belt 510 Spreader 600 Cleaning Machine 610 Conveyor Belt 700 Dryer 710 Main body 720 Mixing section 721 Agitation shaft 722 Screw 730 Heating section

Claims

1. a step of dropping raw materials in a hopper onto a first ascending conveyor belt; a step of primarily removing metal components from the raw materials while ascending the raw materials dropped onto the first ascending conveyor belt; a step of dropping the raw materials from which the metal components have been primarily removed onto a second ascending conveyor belt; a step of removing foreign matter with a filter before the raw materials from which the metal components have been primarily removed reach the second ascending conveyor belt; and a step of secondary removing metal components from the raw materials while ascending the raw materials from which the foreign matter has been removed; and an aluminosilicate, a ratio of a content of silicon dioxide contained in the aluminosilicate divided by a content of aluminum oxide contained in the aluminosilicate is 0.78 to 1.58; A fuel composition comprising 3 to 5 parts by weight of said aluminosilicate mixed with said palm kernel shells per 100 parts by weight of said palm kernel shells.

2. The aluminosilicate has a specific surface area of ​​100 to 180 m as measured according to the International Organization for Standardization ISO 9277:2010. ２ 2. The fuel composition of claim 1, wherein:

3. 2. The fuel composition according to claim 1, wherein the aluminosilicate has a weight loss rate of 5% or less when heated from 400°C to 800°C.

4. 2. The fuel composition of claim 1, wherein the aluminosilicate is sprinkled onto and mixed with the palm kernel shells as the palm kernel shells move on a third ascending conveyor belt.

5. 2. The fuel composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the aluminosilicate is attached to the surface of the palm kernel shell by a process of mixing the palm kernel shell with the aluminosilicate immediately after the palm kernel shell is washed and then drying the mixture.

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