Energy metabolism promoting composition using coffee cherry pericarp extract, energy metabolism promoting agent, and method for activating adipose tissue

Abstract

To provide an energy metabolism promoting composition and an energy metabolism promoting agent which are effective in improving an obese state and preventing obesity, and to provide a method for activating adipose tissue using the same.SOLUTION: The energy metabolism promoting composition contains a coffee cherry extract as an active ingredient. The active ingredient is preferably procyanidins contained in a coffee cherry pericarp extract. The procyanidins may be at least one of procyanidin B1 and procyanidin B3, or may include both procyanidin B1 and procyanidin B3. The energy metabolism promoting agent includes any one of the above-described energy metabolism promoting compositions, and is preferably in the form of a beverage, a food, a supplement, or a pharmaceutical. A beige-promoting agent for white adipose tissue and a brown adipose tissue activator contain any one of the above-described energy metabolism promoting compositions. The method for activating adipose tissue uses any one of the energy metabolism promoting compositions.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to an energy metabolism promoting composition and an energy metabolism promoting agent using a coffee cherry skin extract, which are effective in improving or preventing obesity, and a method for activating adipose tissue using the same. [Background technology]

[0002] Procyanidins, which are found in red wine, cocoa beans, black beans, etc., have long been known to be effective in maintaining health. Procyanidins (proanthocyanidins) are a type of polyphenol found in various plants, and are a general term for dimers and oligomers in which catechin and epicatechin molecules are bonded in various combinations. These include various types of polyphenols, such as procyanidin B1 (a dimer of (-) epicatechin and (+) catechin, hereinafter referred to as "PB1"), procyanidin B2 (a dimer of (-) epicatechin and (-) epicatechin, hereinafter referred to as "PB2"), and procyanidin B3 (a dimer of (+) catechin and (+) catechin, hereinafter referred to as "PB3"), as well as trimers of procyanidin C (hereinafter referred to as "PC") and dimers that belong to procyanidin A (hereinafter referred to as "PA") due to differences in the binding mode.

[0003] Procyanidins are found in various plants, and it is known that the types of procyanidins contained vary greatly depending on the type of plant, such as cacao beans and black beans that contain a lot of PC and PA along with PB2, and grape seeds that contain a lot of PB1 and PB2. Taking advantage of the excellent antioxidant properties of procyanidins, they are also widely used as functional foods containing them. Supplements that are expected to have various efficacies, such as anti-allergic effects, anti-cancer effects, cholesterol / neutral fat lowering effects, caries prevention effects, deodorizing effects, melanin production inhibition effects, hair growth effects, cataract prevention effects, and skin whitening effects, are sold on the market.

[0004] Patent Document 1 discloses a composition for improving vascular endothelial function that contains both pine bark-derived PB1 and PB3. Pine bark-derived procyanidins also contain trimers and higher oligomers, and Patent Document 2 discloses an arteriosclerosis prevention drug that contains trimers and higher oligomers of procyanidins.

[0005] Furthermore, Patent Document 3 discloses an anti-obesity agent containing procyanidin extracted from tamarind seeds as an active ingredient. In this case, trimer procyanidin is contained as the active ingredient, and the anti-obesity agent is shown to have effects as a carbohydrate decomposition digestive enzyme inhibitor, a blood glucose rise suppressant, a monosaccharide absorption suppressant, a cholic acid adsorption and excretion agent, a cholesterol lowering agent, a blood triglyceride lowering agent, and a lipase inhibitor. Patent Document 4 discloses a composition for inhibiting fat accumulation, which contains as active ingredients Phosphocollin and apple-derived polyphenols or hop-derived polyphenols, in which the apple-derived polyphenols include both PB1 and PB2.

[0006] Hop-derived polyphenols include oligomers with molecular weights of 1000 or more, which have an inhibitory effect on digestive enzymes such as lipase and therefore have the effect of suppressing fat accumulation. In these prior art technologies, the main effect is to suppress the amount of fat accumulated in adipose tissues contained in the liver, etc., and the effect of these procyanidins on fat metabolism has not been investigated.

[0007] Although it is still at the level of animal experiments such as fat cells and mice, the favorable effects of procyanidins on fat metabolism have recently become known. Adipose tissue in the body is classified into two types: tissue made of white fat cells that accumulate fat and cause obesity, and tissue made of brown fat cells that have the effect of preventing obesity by burning fat. In adults, it has been considered problematic that the tissue made of brown fat cells shrinks or disappears significantly with age, making obesity more likely to progress. However, relatively recently, it has been found that various external stimuli activate endogenous brown fat tissue and differentiate into beige fat cells, which have the same functions as brown fat cells, in white fat tissue. Beige fat cells, together with endogenous (classical) brown fat cell tissue, are effective in preventing and improving obesity by activating fat metabolism (thermal conversion), so the beigeification of white fat cells has attracted attention as one strategy for dealing with obesity.

[0008] Previous studies have revealed that cold stimulation and exercise release noradrenaline from the sympathetic nerve terminals, which in turn stimulates β3-adrenergic receptors, promoting the beige transformation of white fat cells and the activation of brown fat cells. In addition to these physical stimuli, it has been revealed that oral administration of various food-derived components also induces sympathetic nerve activation, leading to the beige transformation of white fat cells and the activation of brown fat cells. Examples of food-derived components that have been shown to activate adipose tissue include capsaicin, ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids contained in fish oil such as EPA and DHA, and various food components such as menthol, allicin, and catechin, which have been shown to activate brown fat cells via sympathetic nerve activation.

[0009] At present, there are high hopes for the anti-obesity effects of these various food-derived components. For example, Non-Patent Document 1 reports that when components containing procyanidins (including PB2, PA, and PC) contained in black beans are orally administered to mice, they increase serum noradrenaline levels and promote the expression of UCP-1 (Uncoupling Protein-1), which promotes fat burning in brown adipose tissue. Furthermore, Non-Patent Document 2 shows that oral administration of similar procyanidins (including PB2, PA, and PC) increases UCP-1 expression in white adipose tissue and promotes beige coloration, confirming an effect similar to that of sympathomimetic nerve stimulation.

[0010] Furthermore, Non-Patent Document 3 examines the effect of extracts from coffee cherry skin and cocoa bean skin (a mixture containing PB1 and PB2) on fat cells, and investigates the relationship between various gene expressions and each component contained in the extract. Addition of the extract to white fat cells was observed to promote beige formation and fat metabolism, but these effects were largely due to the well-known effects of caffeine and chlorogenic acid, and the effect of procyanidins was not shown, and the effect of these procyanidins on fat metabolism was not investigated.

[0011] As pharmaceuticals, selective β3-adrenergic receptor agonists such as mirabegron, CL316243, BRL37344, and others are known, which are known to be effective in improving obesity by converting white fat cells to beige and activating brown fat cells, but on the other hand, these drugs have a similar chemical structure to endogenous sympathetic neurotransmitters such as adrenaline and noradrenaline, and there is concern that they may increase high blood pressure and heart rate. Therefore, these drugs should be avoided in patients with cardiovascular complications such as arrhythmia, and are contraindicated in patients already taking antiarrhythmic drugs. Therefore, it is not recommended to take these drugs on a daily basis to prevent or improve obesity.

[0012] In order to prevent or improve obesity, there is a demand for an energy metabolism promoting composition having such an effect in the form of a drink or supplement that is taken daily, and a method for activating adipose tissue using the same, but at present, there is no known food-derived ingredient that has clearly demonstrated such an effect, and although extracts from grape seeds, cocoa beans, and black beans containing PB2 as the active ingredient as the above-mentioned procyanidin have been reported to have favorable effects such as beige formation on adipocytes, they also contain a sympathetic nerve stimulating effect, so their application may be problematic in cases where patients have cardiovascular disease and are undergoing treatment. Furthermore, although they are expected to be effective in improving or preventing obesity in actual humans, their actual effectiveness has not been demonstrated, and their fat metabolism promoting effect is thought to be insufficient, so at present, there is a demand for an active ingredient other than PB2 that has the effect of promoting fat burning, and a new composition containing the active ingredient that has a fat metabolism promoting effect. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0013] [Patent Document 1] Patent Publication No. 2022-33803 [Patent Document 2] JP 2011-6326 A [Patent Document 3] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 9-291039 [Patent Document 4] JP 2009-298769 A [Non-patent literature]

[0014] [Non-Patent Document 1] Y. Nakagawa et al., “Comparison of the sympathetic stimulatory abilities of B-type procyanidins based oninduction of uncoupling protein-1 in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and increased plasma catecholamine (CA) in mice”, PLoS One,13(7), e0201203 (2018). [Non-Patent Document 2] Y. Ishii et al., “Repeated oral administration of flavan-3-ols induces browning inmice adipose tissues through sympathetic nerve activation”, Nutrients, 13(12), 4214 (2021). [Non-Patent Document 3] M. Rebollo-Hernanz et al., “Relationship of the phytochemicals from coffee and cocoaby-products with their potential to modulate biomarkers of metabolic syndrome in vitro”, Antioxidants, 8(8), 279 (2019). Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0015] In view of the above circumstances, the present invention aims to provide an energy metabolism-promoting composition and an energy metabolism-promoting agent that are effective in improving an obese state or preventing obesity, and a method for activating adipose tissue using the same. [Means for solving the problem]

[0016] In order to solve the above problems, the energy metabolism promoting composition of the present invention contains a coffee cherry skin extract as an active ingredient. In the energy metabolism promoting composition of the present invention, the active ingredient is preferably procyanidins contained in the coffee cherry skin extract. In the energy metabolism promoting composition of the present invention, when the active ingredient is procyanidins contained in the coffee cherry skin extract, the procyanidins may be at least one of procyanidin B1 and procyanidin B3, or may contain both procyanidin B1 and procyanidin B3. PB1 and PB3 are extracted at high concentrations from the skin of coffee cherries harvested from various coffee trees, which promotes fat metabolism and provides the effect of preventing and improving obesity.

[0017] The energy metabolism promoter of the present invention comprises any one of the energy metabolism promoting compositions described above. The energy metabolism promoter of the present invention is preferably in the form of a drink, food, supplement or medicine. The agent for promoting the beige transformation of white adipose tissue and the agent for activating brown adipose tissue of the present invention comprise any of the above-mentioned energy metabolism-promoting compositions. The method for activating adipose tissue of the present invention uses any of the energy metabolism-promoting compositions described above. Effect of the Invention

[0018] The energy metabolism promoting composition, the energy metabolism promoting agent, and the method for activating adipose tissue of the present invention have the effect of improving the obese state or preventing obesity. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0019] [Figure 1] Weight change graph for animal testing [Diagram 2] Organ weight measurement results for animal studies (1) [Diagram 3] Organ weight measurement results for animal studies (2) [Figure 4] Breath test results for animal testing [Diagram 5]Genetic analysis results for animal testing [Figure 6] Results of measuring lipid droplet size in white fat from animal studies [Figure 7] Image of fat droplets in subcutaneous white fat in the groin [Figure 8] Image of lipid droplets in white fat around the testicles [Figure 9] Protein analysis results from animal studies DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0020] The object of the present invention is essentially achieved by using a composition for promoting energy metabolism that contains coffee cherry skin extract as an active ingredient. The active ingredient is procyanidins from the coffee cherry skin extract, and the present invention is characterized in that the procyanidins are procyanidin B1 (PB1) and procyanidin B3 (PB3). Here, coffee cherry skin extract means a composition containing components extracted by a known method from components contained in the skin of the fruit (coffee cherry) harvested from the coffee tree. Coffee trees are plants belonging to the genus Coffea in the family Rubiaceae, and among them, Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora are particularly preferred. The composition and ratio of various components contained in these vary greatly depending on the place of origin and variety. For example, in Reference 1 (W. Mullen et al., "Polyphenolic and hydroxycinnamate contents of whole coffee fruits from China, India, and Mexico”, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 61(22), pp.5298-5309 (2013) shows the composition and ratio of various procyanidins extracted from coffee cherry skins of Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora species, but the existence of dimers other than PB2 is unknown. In the present invention, it has been discovered that PB1 and PB3 can be extracted in high concentrations from coffee cherry skins harvested from these various coffee trees, and that these compounds are effective in preventing and improving obesity by promoting fat metabolism.

[0021] The method for extracting PB1 and PB3 from coffee cherry skins of the present invention is not particularly limited, and the coffee cherry skin extract of the present invention can be obtained by an extraction step described below using skins separated from normal green coffee beans as a component other than the green beans in the process of producing green coffee beans. The skins separated from the coffee cherries may be used as is in the extraction step described below, but are also preferably subjected to water washing, freeze-drying, pulverization, or other treatments prior to the extraction step. The extraction method for obtaining the extract of the present invention from coffee cherry skin basically involves immersing the coffee cherry skin, preferably obtained through the above-mentioned treatment, in water or various organic solvents such as alcohol.

[0022] Specific examples of organic solvents such as alcohols include water-miscible alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, and glycerin, or mixtures of these with water, or mixtures of a combination of multiple alcohols or their water dilutions. Alternatively, aliphatic alcohols having 8 or more carbon atoms such as octanol, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, methyl ethyl ketone, and other volatile organic solvents can be preferably used as organic solvents that are not miscible with water. Furthermore, various surfactants can be preferably added to the water or other solvents used for extraction. During the extraction process, the water or other solvent is preferably stirred, and the temperature is preferably in the range of 10°C to 100°C.

[0023] Regarding the extraction time, it is preferable to carry out the extraction by immersing the skin in water or other solvent for a period ranging from several hours to several days at room temperature. The extract obtained by extraction can be used as it is as the coffee cherry skin extract of the present invention, but it is also preferable to concentrate it to increase the concentrations of the active ingredients PB1 and PB3 related to the present invention contained therein, or to extract PB1 and PB3 from the extract as powders, crystals, or other solid mixtures and use them.

[0024] In the present invention, as shown in the examples described below, coffee cherry skin extract contains large amounts of procyanidins, particularly PB1 and PB3, and even if PB2 is contained, the amount is small compared to PB1 and PB3, and the effects obtained in the present invention are due to PB1 and / or PB3. Furthermore, the extract may contain catechin and / or epicatechin in addition to the procyanidin components. These components have the effect of reducing body fat percentage by activating fat metabolism in liver cells in the body, apart from the fat metabolism promoting effect on fat cells of the present invention, and therefore may be contained together with PB1 and PB3 in the extract of the present invention.

[0025] The present invention is characterized in that the coffee cherry skin extract contains both PB1 and PB3. The effects of grape seed extracts containing both PB1 and PB2, and extracts from apples and cocoa beans that mainly contain PB2, have been known for some time, but the favorable effects of a composition containing both PB1 and PB3 on fat metabolism in adipose tissue have not been known until now.

[0026] PB3 can be obtained by chemical synthesis, but it is known that it is found in large amounts in wheat and other grains derived from plants. PB3 is known to interact with various proteins and inhibit their activity. For example, PB3 is known to bind to the digestive enzymes trypsin and pepsin and inhibit their action (Reference 2: R. Goncalves et al., “Influence of carbohydrates on the interaction of procyanidin B3 with trypsin”, Journal of agricultural and food Chemistry, 59(21), 11794-11802. (2011)). It has also been shown that procyanidin B3 is stabilized by interacting with albumin in the blood and is transported to various tissues in the body, thereby exerting its effects (Reference 3: X. Li et al., “Interaction of procyanidin B3 with bovine serum albumin”, Rsc Advances, 4(14), pp.7301-7312. (2014)). In addition, PB3 changes the properties of the lipid membrane surface by binding to various lipid membranes, which may affect the uptake of lipoproteins and other molecules into fat cells.

[0027] PB1 is found in high concentrations in pine bark extract and is taken up by liver cells in the body, where it is known to promote the activity of fatty acid oxidizing enzymes in liver cells and inhibit the accumulation of fat (Reference 4: T. Shimada et al., "Flavangenol (pine bark extract) and its major component procyanidin B1 enhance fatty acid oxidation in fat-loaded models”, European journal of pharmacology, 677(1-3), pp.147-153. (2012)). In the present invention, it was found that PB3 promotes fat metabolism in adipose tissues other than hepatocytes and burns fat in adipocytes, which is effective in preventing and improving obesity.

[0028] There are reports on the use of PB1 and PB3 to improve lipid metabolism disorders caused by diabetes. In other words, when dexamethasone was added to fat cell model cells to reduce mitochondrial function, adding PB1 or PB3 alone improved mitochondrial function and suppressed fat production (Reference 5: F. Tie et al., “Proanthocyanidins ameliorated deficits of lipid metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus via inhibiting adipogenesis and improving mitochondrial function”, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(6), p.2029 (2020)). However, the effect of PB1 and PB3 simultaneously on adipocytes that maintain normal function has not been investigated. In the present invention, when a mouse model was used and a coffee cherry peel extract containing both PB1 and PB3 was added, beigeification of white adipocytes was induced and activation of adipose tissue was observed. This is a feature of the present invention.

[0029] Hereinafter, an example of an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Note that the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples and illustrated examples, and many modifications and variations are possible. EXAMPLES

[0030] The surfaces of Indonesian coffee cherries of the Canephora species were washed with water and separated into skin and seeds, after which the skin was immediately freeze-dried and the dried material was crushed in a mixer. 50 g of the freeze-dried and crushed coffee cherry skin was placed in a 1-liter flask containing 500 mL of 50% aqueous ethanol, and stirred with a stirrer for 3 hours for extraction. The resulting extract was centrifuged, and the supernatant was filtered through a paper filter with an average pore size of 7 μm, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain a liquid coffee cherry skin extract. The obtained coffee cherry skin extract was subjected to HPLC quantitative analysis, and the analysis results showed that the coffee cherry skin extract from Indonesia (canephora species) contained PB1, PB2, and PB3.

[0031] The above coffee cherry peel extract was repeatedly orally administered to 8-week-old male diet-induced obesity model mice (C57BL / 6J) together with a high-fat diet for 16 weeks, and the progress of weight gain was measured (Example C). The number of animals used in the test was n=8 for each group. The specific composition of the sample in Example C is as shown in Table 1 below. In addition to the following, it also contains catechins, chlorogenic acids, caffeine, lipids, fiber, etc.

[0032] [Table 1]

[0033] Here, procyanidin B1, procyanidin B2, and procyanidin B3 in the procyanidin material derived from coffee cherry skin extract were quantitatively analyzed using HPLC-FL (fluorescence detector). Chlorogenic acids is a collective term for nine types of chlorogenic acids, including three types of CQAs (3-CQA, 5-CQA, 4-CQA), three types of FQAs (3-FQA, 5-FQA, 4-FQA), and three types of di-CQAs (3,5-di-CQA, 3,4-di-CQA, 4,5-di-CQA), and were quantitatively analyzed together with caffeine and trigonelline using HPLC-PDA (photodiode array detector). The quantitative analysis methods for each are shown in Tables 2 and 3 below.

[0034] [Table 2]

[0035] [Table 3]

[0036] For comparison, a similar test was performed on a system in which only a normal diet was orally administered (Comparative Example A) and a system in which only a high-fat diet was administered (Comparative Example B). After 16 weeks, the test mice were euthanized, and the weights of the liver and the perirenal adipose tissue including white adipose tissue, the peritestral adipose tissue, and the subcutaneous adipose tissue in the inguinal region were extracted and measured.

[0037] (Regarding weight changes) Figure 1 shows a graph of body weight progression in the animal test. As shown in Figure 1, the body weight increased in Comparative Example B, which was fed a high-fat diet, compared to Comparative Example A, which was fed a normal diet, but in Example C, which was fed a high-fat diet and coffee cherry skin extract at the same time, the body weight gain was suppressed from about 50 days after the experiment.

[0038] (Regarding organ weight) Figures 2 and 3 show the results of organ weight measurement in animal tests, with Figure 2(1) showing liver weight, Figure 2(2) showing perirenal white fat weight, Figure 3(1) showing peritestrial white fat weight, and Figure 3(2) showing inguinal subcutaneous white fat weight. As shown in Figures 2 and 3, in Comparative Example B, where a high-fat diet was ingested, the liver weight, perirenal white fat weight, peritestrial white fat weight, and inguinal subcutaneous white fat weight all increased compared to Comparative Example A, where a normal diet was ingested, whereas in Example C, where a high-fat diet and coffee cherry skin extract were ingested simultaneously, the weight increase in all of these was suppressed. These findings suggest that simultaneous intake of coffee cherry skin extract has an anti-obesity effect.

[0039] (Regarding energy consumption) In the animal study, resting energy expenditure was calculated by measuring breath intake using an animal energy metabolism measuring system (ARCO-2000N, manufactured by Alco Systems). The oxygen consumption (VO2) and carbon dioxide output (VCO2) were measured for approximately 22 hours (12:00 to 10:00 the following morning) using a voluntary movement sensor (NS-AS01, Neuroscience Co., Ltd.). From these results, the respiratory quotient, calorie consumption (kcal / min), and total energy consumption were calculated using the following formulas 1 to 4.

[0040] (Number 1) Respiratory quotient (RQ) = carbon dioxide output (VCO2) / oxygen consumption (VO2) (Equation 1)

[0041] (Number 2) Calories burned = CV × VO2 (Equation 2) CV value (heat generation amount) = 3.815 + 1.232 × RQ (Equation 3)

[0042] (Number 3) Total energy expenditure (kcal / day) = Calorie consumption × Time (Equation 4)

[0043] 4 shows the breath measurement results for the animal test. The vertical axis represents the energy consumption (kcal / day) per 100 g body weight, and the measurement results for Comparative Example A, Comparative Example B, and Example C are shown at 4 weeks and 12 weeks after the start of the test. As shown in Figure 4, comparing 4 weeks and 12 weeks, the energy consumption of Comparative Example B, which ingested a high-fat diet, decreased more significantly over time than that of Comparative Example A, which ingested a normal diet. This shows that energy consumption decreases as obesity progresses. In contrast, in Example C, in which a high-fat diet and coffee cherry skin extract were ingested simultaneously, the decrease in resting energy consumption was suppressed and improved compared to Comparative Example B, in which a high-fat diet was ingested. From the above, it was found that the simultaneous intake of coffee cherry skin extract can suppress the decline in energy metabolism caused by obesity.

[0044] (Regarding genetic analysis) Cell samples were collected from inguinal white adipose tissue, total RNA was extracted using the RNeasy Lipid Tissue Mini Kit (QIAGEN), and cDNA was synthesized using the QuantiTect Reverse Transcription Kit after adjusting the RNA concentration. The relative expression level of each gene to GAPDH (Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) was then quantified by real-time PCR. For each gene analysis, the mRNA expression levels of three marker genes, UCP-1, PGC-1α, and PRDM16, were measured. If these three marker genes are upregulated, it is suggested that white fat has become beige fat. Figure 5 shows the results of gene analysis for animal tests, where (1) shows the relative value of UCP-1 mRNA, (2) shows the relative value of PGC-1α mRNA, and (3) shows the relative value of PRDM16 mRNA. As shown in Figures 5(1) to (3), genetic analysis of inguinal white fat showed that in Example C, in which a high-fat diet and coffee cherry skin extract were ingested simultaneously, UCP-1, PGC-1α, and PRDM16 were all upregulated compared to Comparative Example B, in which a high-fat diet was ingested.

[0045] In general, white fat has large lipid droplets, while beige fat has smaller lipid droplets than white fat. Therefore, if the lipid droplet size decreases, it is suggested that white fat cells have been converted to beige fat cells. Figure 6 shows the results of measuring the size of fat droplets in white fat in an animal test, where (1) shows the size of fat droplets in subcutaneous white fat in the groin, and (2) shows the size of fat droplets in white fat around the testis. Figure 7 shows an image of fat droplets in subcutaneous white fat in the groin, and Figure 8 shows an image of fat droplets in white fat around the testis, where (1) shows Comparative Example A, (2) shows Comparative Example B, and (3) shows Example C, respectively. As shown in Figures 6 (1) and (2), in Example C, in which a high-fat diet and coffee cherry skin extract were ingested simultaneously, the size of lipid droplets in the inguinal white fat or peritellar white fat was reduced more than in Comparative Example B, in which a high-fat diet was ingested.

[0046] For the fat droplet images of the inguinal white fat, the fat droplet size of Comparative Example B shown in Figure 7(2) is larger than that of Comparative Example A shown in Figure 7(1), whereas the fat droplet size of Example C shown in Figure 7(3) is smaller than that of Comparative Example B. Similarly, for the fat droplet images of the testicular white fat, the fat droplet size of Comparative Example B shown in Figure 8(2) is larger than that of Comparative Example A shown in Figure 8(1), whereas the fat droplet size of Example C shown in Figure 8(3) is smaller than that of Comparative Example B. These findings suggest that simultaneous ingestion of coffee cherry skin extract causes white fat cells to turn beige.

[0047] (Protein analysis) For protein analysis of dorsal brown fat cells, UCP-1 was measured by Western blotting. Proteins were eluted from frozen dorsal brown fat tissue cells to obtain a tissue lysate, and total protein was quantified using a microplate reader (wavelength 562 nm) together with a solution using the BSA Standard included in the BCA Protein Assay Kit (manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific). The tissue lysate was electrophoresed using XCell SureLock Mini-Cell (manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific), and blotting was performed on a PVDF membrane using a semi-dry type flat plate transfer device. The PVDF membrane was developed on Hyperfilm ECL (manufactured by Cytiva), and the image data was quantified using a CS analyzer (manufactured by Atto) to determine the amount of target protein. In Example D, a high-fat diet and coffee cherry peel extract were ingested at the same time, but a lower dose of coffee cherry peel extract was ingested than in Example C. UCP-1 is upregulated by heat production. Fig. 9 shows the results of protein analysis in animal testing, with the vertical axis showing the relative value of UCP-1. As shown in Fig. 9, in the protein analysis of dorsal brown adipocytes, UCP-1 was upregulated in Example D, in which a high-fat diet and a low dose of coffee cherry skin extract were simultaneously administered, compared to Comparative Example B, in which a high-fat diet was administered. These findings suggest that simultaneous ingestion of coffee cherry skin extract activates brown adipocytes. [Industrial Applicability]

[0048] The energy metabolism-promoting composition of the present invention can be used as a diet food or supplement. Furthermore, since it is expected to have an effect of improving vascular endothelial function, it can be used as a health food or the like that has an anti-aging effect by preventing arteriosclerosis and improving vascular age.

Claims

1. A composition for promoting energy metabolism comprising coffee cherry skin extract as an active ingredient.

2. 2. The energy metabolism-promoting composition according to claim 1, wherein the active ingredient is a procyanidin contained in coffee cherry skin extract.

3. 3. The energy metabolism-promoting composition according to claim 2, wherein the procyanidins are at least one of procyanidin B1 and procyanidin B3.

4. 3. The energy metabolism-promoting composition according to claim 2, wherein the procyanidins comprise both procyanidin B1 and procyanidin B3.

5. An energy metabolism promoting agent comprising the energy metabolism promoting composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

6. The energy metabolism promoter according to claim 5 , which is in the form of a beverage, food, supplement or medicine.

7. An agent for promoting beigeification of white adipose tissue, comprising the energy metabolism-promoting composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

8. A brown adipose tissue activator comprising the energy metabolism promoting composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

9. A method for activating adipose tissue, comprising using the energy metabolism-promoting composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

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