Carbonization apparatus

Abstract

To provide a carbonization apparatus with a reduced height.SOLUTION: A carbonization apparatus comprises an outer tube 4, an exhaust tube 5 suspended inside the outer tube 4, and a hollow cylindrical partition wall 6 positioned below the exhaust tube 5. An annular space S1 is defined between the outer tube 4 and the exhaust tube 5, and a carbonization chamber S2 is defined between the partition wall 6 and the outer tube 4. An raw material inlet hole 43 is provided on a peripheral wall 41 of the outer tube 4, and the raw material inlet hole 43 opens in a tangential direction on the inner peripheral surface of the peripheral wall 41 at the formation position of the raw material inlet hole 43. An airflow containing a raw material introduced from the raw material inlet hole 43 into the annular space S1 flows in the tangential direction on the inner peripheral surface of the peripheral wall 41 to form a swirling flow, and the raw material contained in the swirling flow falls into the carbonization chamber S2 due to centrifugal force. A combustion chamber S4 for burning combustible gas generated by the carbonization process is provided inside the partition wall 6.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a carbonization device. [Background technology]

[0002] Carbonization equipment has been proposed that produces charcoal by carbonizing (incomplete combustion) organic waste such as biomass. The charcoal can be used as fuel, fertilizer (soil conditioner), water purification agent, etc.

[0003] For example, the carbonization apparatus disclosed in Patent Document 1 carbonizes raw materials continuously supplied to a carbonization chamber and discharges them as carbonized material, and combustible gas generated as the raw materials are carbonized is combusted in the upper part of the carbonization chamber. A supply port for primary air is provided in the lower part of the carbonization chamber, and the raw materials are promoted to spontaneously combust by the primary air supplied from the supply port, and a supply port for secondary air necessary for combustion of the combustible gas is provided in the upper part of the carbonization chamber. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 10-273675 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] In such carbonization apparatuses, the combustible gas generated during the carbonization of the raw materials is burned in the upper part of the carbonization chamber, which results in a bulky furnace chamber height. Even if the carbonization apparatus is transported on the back of a truck, it violates the height limit. Furthermore, there is a problem that the efficiency of the carbonization process decreases when the raw materials are supplied in a wet state.

[0006] An object of the present invention is to provide a carbonization apparatus with a reduced height.

[0007] Another object of the present invention is to provide a carbonization apparatus that can efficiently carbonize raw materials even when the raw materials are supplied in a wet state. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] The carbonization apparatus of the present invention comprises an outer tube having a peripheral wall, an exhaust tube hanging down into the outer tube, and a hollow cylindrical partition wall located below the exhaust tube, an annular space being defined between the outer tube and the exhaust tube, a carbonization chamber being defined between the partition wall and the outer tube for carbonizing the raw materials to form a carbonized product, a raw material inlet hole being provided in the peripheral wall of the outer tube for introducing a mixed flow of raw materials and air into the annular space, the raw material inlet hole opening in a tangential direction to the inner peripheral surface of the peripheral wall at the position where the raw material inlet hole is formed, the mixed flow of raw materials and air introduced from the raw material inlet hole into the annular space flows in a tangential direction to the inner peripheral surface of the peripheral wall and becomes a mixed swirling flow, the raw materials contained in the mixed swirling flow fall into the carbonization chamber by centrifugal force, and a combustion chamber being provided inside the partition wall for burning combustible gas generated by the carbonization process. [Effects of the Invention]

[0009] According to the carbonization device of the present invention, the carbonization chamber is provided on the outside of the hollow cylindrical partition wall, and the combustion chamber is provided on the inside of the partition wall, so the height of the carbonization device can be reduced compared to when the combustion chamber is provided above the carbonization chamber. Also, because the carbonization chamber and the combustion chamber are provided inside the outer cylinder, the overall size of the carbonization device can be reduced compared to when a carbonization furnace and a combustion furnace are provided separately and placed side by side.

[0010] In addition, the airflow containing the raw materials introduced into the annular space flows in a tangential direction to the inner surface of the peripheral wall of the outer cylinder, becoming a swirling flow, and the raw materials contained in the swirling flow fall into the carbonization chamber due to centrifugal force, so that the raw materials can be supplied evenly to the carbonization chamber.

[0011] Furthermore, the raw materials contained in the swirling flow are dried by receiving radiant energy from the flame produced by the combustion of combustible gas, so that even if the raw materials are supplied in a wet state, the carbonization process in the carbonization chamber can be carried out efficiently. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0012] [Figure 1] 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a carbonization device according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically showing a vertical cross section of a carbonization furnace provided in the carbonization apparatus of FIG. 1. [Figure 3] Cross-sectional view of line III-III in Figure 1. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a diagram schematically showing an end face taken along line IV-IV in FIG. 2. [Figure 5] FIG. 3 is a front perspective view of a partition wall provided in the carbonization furnace of FIG. 2. [Figure 6] FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically showing a modified embodiment of the carbonization furnace shown in FIG. 2. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0013] Hereinafter, a carbonization apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. As shown in Fig. 1, the carbonization apparatus 1 of this embodiment includes a carbonization furnace 2 having a furnace chamber, a supply mechanism 3 connected to the carbonization furnace 2, and a support mechanism 7 that supports the carbonization furnace 2.

[0014] The supply mechanism 3 functions as a raw material supply means for supplying organic raw materials to the carbonization furnace 2, and in this embodiment, the raw materials are supplied to the carbonization furnace 2 by being carried by an air current. More specifically, the supply mechanism 3 includes a blower 31, a raw material supply pipe 32 connecting the blower 31 and the carbonization furnace 2, and a feeder 33 for feeding the raw material into the raw material supply pipe 32, and an ejector nozzle 34 is provided in the middle of the raw material supply pipe 32. Examples of raw materials include biomass such as wood chips, rice husks, soybean pulp, and straw, but are not limited to these as long as they are organic.

[0015] The blower 31 includes a casing 31a and a fan (not shown) housed in the casing 31a, and generates an airflow by the rotation of the fan. The airflow generated by the blower 31 is sent to the carbonization furnace 2 via the raw material supply pipe 32.

[0016] The feeder 33 accommodates and holds the raw material and supplies it to the raw material supply pipe 32. The ejector nozzle 34 attached to the raw material supply pipe 32 has a tapered shape in which the cross-sectional area gradually decreases toward the downstream side in the direction of the airflow flowing through the raw material supply pipe 32, and is arranged so that its tip is located below the lower opening of the feeder 33. The raw material accommodated and held in the feeder 33 is sucked into the raw material supply pipe 32 by the Venturi effect of the airflow ejected from the tip of the ejector nozzle 34, introduced into the raw material supply pipe 32, and transported to the carbonization furnace 2 by the airflow.

[0017] The supply mechanism 3 also functions as an air supply means for supplying air to the carbonization furnace 2, and further includes an assist air supply pipe 35, a heat transfer medium air supply pipe 36, a primary air supply pipe 37, and a secondary air supply pipe 38. These supply pipes 35-38 communicate with the raw material supply pipe 32 upstream of the charger 33. As a result, a portion of the air sent from the blower 31 is supplied to the carbonization furnace 2 via the supply pipes 35-38 as assist air, heat transfer medium air, primary air, and secondary air. In addition, adjustment valves 35a, 36a, 37a, and 38a are provided on these supply pipes 35-38, respectively, and the amount of air introduced into the carbonization furnace 2 via the supply pipes 35-38 can be adjusted by adjusting the adjustment valves 35a-38a.

[0018] 1 and 2, the carbonization furnace 2 includes a hollow outer cylinder 4, an exhaust pipe 5 that hangs down into the outer cylinder 4, and a bottomless hollow cylindrical partition wall 6 that is spaced apart below the exhaust pipe 5. The outer cylinder 4 has a peripheral wall 41, and an annular space S1 is defined between the peripheral wall 41 and the exhaust pipe 5, and an annular coking chamber S2 is defined between the peripheral wall 41 and the partition wall 6. A central space S3 is defined between the exhaust pipe 5 and the partition wall 6 in the vertical direction D1, and the internal space of the partition wall 6 functions as a combustion chamber S4. The partition wall 6 is supported at a predetermined position shown in FIG. 2 by a support member (not shown).

[0019] The upper part of the outer cylinder 4 forms a straight section with a uniform diameter, and the lower part of the outer cylinder 4 forms an inverted cone section whose diameter gradually decreases downward. The annular space S1 and central space S3 are provided in the straight section of the outer cylinder 4, and the coking chamber S2 is provided in the inverted cone section.

[0020] A raw material inlet hole 43 and an assist air inlet hole 44, which communicate with the annular space S1, are provided at the same height as the annular space S1 in the peripheral wall 41 of the outer cylinder 4. As shown in Fig. 3, the raw material inlet hole 43 opens in the tangential direction of the inner peripheral surface of the peripheral wall 41 at the position where the raw material inlet hole 43 is formed, and the tip of the raw material supply pipe 32 is connected to the raw material inlet hole 43.

[0021] The assist air inlet 44 is located below the raw material inlet 43 and faces the raw material inlet 43 in the radial direction of the outer cylinder 4. As shown in Fig. 3, the assist air inlet 44 also opens in the tangential direction of the inner circumferential surface of the peripheral wall 41 at the position where the assist air inlet 44 is formed. An assist air supply pipe 35 is connected to the assist air inlet 44, so that external air can be introduced into the outer cylinder 4 via the assist air supply pipe 35.

[0022] 2 and 4, the partition wall 6 has a hollow double-pipe structure consisting of an inner pipe 61 and an outer pipe 62, and an annular gap G is formed between the inner pipe 61 and the outer pipe 62. Furthermore, both ends of the inner pipe 61 in the vertical direction D1 taper outward in the radial direction, and both end edges are connected to the outer pipe 62, sealing both ends of the gap G in the vertical direction D1.

[0023] The outer tube 62 is provided with a primary air inlet hole 63 and a plurality of primary air supply holes 64. A primary air supply pipe 37 is connected to the primary air inlet hole 63, and air from the blower 31 is supplied as primary air from the primary air supply pipe 37 to the gap G. In this embodiment, the primary air supply pipe 37 penetrates the peripheral wall 41 of the outer tube 4 and is connected to the primary air inlet hole 63. The primary air supplied to the gap G in this manner is supplied to the coking chamber S2 via the plurality of primary air supply holes 64. In other words, the gap G functions as a manifold. Here, the plurality of primary air supply holes 64 are preferably arranged in a staggered pattern in multiple rows (two rows in the example of FIG. 5) in the circumferential direction of the outer tube 62 as shown in FIG. 5, but the present invention is not limited to this.

[0024] Referring to Figure 2, the carbonization furnace 2 further includes a secondary air supply nozzle N for supplying secondary air to the combustion chamber S4, a discharge section 9 provided below the outer cylinder 4, and a grate 10 provided between the combustion chamber S2 and the discharge section 9, and the carbonization chamber S2 and the combustion chamber S4 are connected via the discharge section 9.

[0025] A secondary air supply pipe 38 is connected to the secondary air supply nozzle N. The tip of the secondary air supply nozzle N is arranged facing upward below the combustion chamber S4, and the secondary air supplied from the secondary air supply pipe 38 is sprayed upward into the combustion chamber S4.

[0026] In this embodiment, the discharge section 9 is of a two-stage structure, with an upper and lower stage, and includes a bottomless cylindrical member 91 located at the top, a box-shaped member 92 installed below the cylindrical member 91, and an open / close damper 93 provided between the cylindrical member 91 and the box-shaped member 92. When the damper 93 is closed, the lower opening of the cylindrical member 91 is blocked, and when the damper 93 is opened, the cylindrical member 91 and the box-shaped member 92 communicate with each other.

[0027] In this embodiment, the secondary air supply nozzle N has a substantially L-shape, passes through the cylindrical member 91 of the discharge portion 9, and is connected to the secondary air supply pipe .

[0028] The carbonization furnace 2 further includes a heat exchanger 8, which is provided on the outer periphery of the outer cylinder 4 so as to surround the central space S3. More specifically, the heat exchanger 8 defines an annular heat exchange flow path R1 around the outer cylinder 4, and an air inlet hole 81 and an air outlet hole 82 are provided on the outer periphery wall of the heat exchanger 8. The heat medium air supply pipe 36 is connected to the air inlet hole 81, and the air that flows into the heat exchange flow path R1 from the air inlet hole 81 flows through the heat exchange flow path R1 and is then discharged to the outside through the air outlet hole 82. It is preferable that the air inlet hole 81 and the air outlet hole 82 also open in the tangential direction of the inner circumferential surface of the peripheral wall of the heat exchanger 8 at the positions where the air inlet hole 81 and the air outlet hole 82 are formed.

[0029] In this configuration, the raw materials contained in the charger 33 are transported to the carbonization furnace 2 by an airflow generated by the blower 31 and flowing through the raw material supply pipe 32. That is, the air containing the raw materials introduced into the carbonization furnace 2 from the raw material supply pipe 32 forms a mixed flow of the raw materials and air (air transport fluid). As described above, the raw material inlet hole 43 provided in the outer cylinder 4 opens in the tangential direction of the inner circumferential surface of the peripheral wall 41, and therefore the mixed flow of the raw materials and air (air transport fluid) that has flowed into the outer cylinder 4 flows along the inner circumferential surface of the outer cylinder 4 and forms a mixed swirling flow that swirls in the annular space S1 and the central space S3 according to the principle of a cyclone.

[0030] Similarly to the mixed flow introduced from the raw material inlet hole 43, external air (assist air) introduced from the assist air inlet hole 44 also flows along the inner circumferential surface of the peripheral wall 41 and merges with the mixed swirling flow swirling in the annular space S1 and the central space S3, strengthening the swirl of the mixed swirling flow. As a result, the raw materials contained in the mixed swirling flow collide with the inner circumferential surface of the outer cylinder 4 due to the strong centrifugal force and drop from the mixed swirling flow into the coking chamber S2, where the raw materials are separated from the air.

[0031] The raw materials that have fallen from the mixed swirling flow in this way are deposited in the coking chamber S2 and are carbonized into carbonized material by the primary air supplied from the primary air supply holes 64. Meanwhile, the air contained in the mixed flow that has flowed into the annular space S1 is discharged to the outside via the exhaust tube 5. An ignition window (not shown) is provided on the peripheral wall 41 of the outer tube 4 to be used when igniting the raw materials in the coking chamber S2.

[0032] In addition, combustible gas is generated during the process of carbonizing the raw materials. The combustible gas generated in this way is sucked in by the Venturi effect caused by the secondary air ejected from the secondary air supply nozzle N, and flows from the coking chamber S2 through the grate 10 and the exhaust part 9 into the combustion chamber S4. The combustible gas that has flowed into the combustion chamber S4 is burned by the secondary air supplied from the secondary air supply nozzle N, and the exhaust gas generated by the combustion of the combustible gas is exhausted to the outside through the exhaust pipe 5.

[0033] Here, the raw material contained in the air-transported fluid is dried by receiving radiant energy from the flame generated by the combustion of combustible gas while swirling mainly in the central space S3, and falls into the carbonization chamber S2 while undergoing pyrolysis. That is, the central space S3 provided between the exhaust pipe 5 and the carbonization chamber S2 functions as a drying chamber for drying the raw material.

[0034] Furthermore, if the temperature of the central space S3 becomes too high, air (heat medium air) is circulated through the heat exchange passage R1 to adjust the temperature of the central space S3. The air (preheated air) heated in the heat exchange passage R1 is discharged through the air discharge holes 82. The preheated air obtained by the heat exchanger 8 in this manner can be used for various purposes and can be supplied to a location depending on the intended use. As described above, the amount of air supplied to the heat exchange passage R1 can be adjusted by the adjustment valve 36a.

[0035] The carbide obtained as described above is discharged into the box-shaped member 93 of the discharge section 9 through the grate 10. When the box-shaped member 92 is full of carbide, the damper 93 is closed to block the lower opening of the cylindrical member 91, the box-shaped member 92 is replaced with an empty box-shaped member 92, and the damper 93 is opened. In this way, the carbide discharged into the box-shaped member 92 can be removed. Here, the damper 93 is closed temporarily to prevent excess air from flowing into the outer cylinder 4 when the box-shaped member 92 is replaced.

[0036] Here, a vibrator (not shown) for vibrating the grate 10 may be provided to promote the discharge of the charred material to the discharge section 9. Alternatively, the grate 10 may be vibrated manually to promote the discharge of the charred material from the coking chamber S2 to the discharge section 9.

[0037] In this way, in the carbonization apparatus 1 according to this embodiment, the outside of the partition wall 6 is the carbonization chamber S2, and the inside of the partition wall 6 is the combustion chamber S4, so the height dimension of the carbonization furnace 2 can be reduced compared to when a combustion chamber is provided above the carbonization chamber S2. Therefore, for example, it becomes possible to transport the carbonization apparatus 1 by loading it onto the bed of a truck without violating the height restrictions of the truck, and the carbonization apparatus 1 can be easily moved.

[0038] In addition, since the raw material is supplied to the carbonization chamber S2 by utilizing the swirling of the mixed flow, the raw material can be supplied uniformly to the annular carbonization chamber S2. Furthermore, even if the raw material is supplied in a wet state, it receives radiant energy from the flame of the combustible gas and falls into the carbonization chamber S2 in a dried state, so the carbonization process in the carbonization chamber S2 can be carried out efficiently.

[0039] The carbonization apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention has been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to such an embodiment, and various modifications and alterations are possible without departing from the scope of the present invention.

[0040] For example, in the above embodiment, the supply mechanism 3 functions as a raw material supply means that supplies raw materials to the carbonization furnace 2, and also functions as an air supply means that supplies air (assist air, heat transfer air, primary air, and secondary air) to the carbonization furnace 2, but the raw material supply means and the air supply means may be provided separately.

[0041] Furthermore, in the above embodiment, the carbide is recovered by replacing the box-shaped member 92, but the present invention is not limited to such a configuration, and for example, a rotary valve or the like may be provided in the discharge section 9 so that the carbide discharged to the discharge section 9 can be automatically recovered. In this case, the cylindrical member 91 and the box-shaped member 92 can be integrated, and the damper 93 becomes unnecessary.

[0042] In the above embodiment, the partition wall 6 has a hollow double-pipe structure and is provided with a plurality of primary air supply holes 64, but the present invention is not limited to this configuration. For example, as shown in FIG. 6 , a configuration may be adopted in which a plurality of primary air supply holes 64 are provided in the peripheral wall 41 of the outer cylinder 4, and a manifold defining member 141 defining a manifold M is provided on the outer surface of the peripheral wall 41, so that the primary air supply holes 64 and the primary air supply pipe 37 communicate with each other via the manifold M. In this case, the primary air supply holes 64 are preferably provided at the height position of the coking chamber S2 (in other words, at a position below the upper end of the partition wall 6). In this configuration, primary air supplied from the primary air supply pipe 37 is supplied to the coking chamber S2 via the manifold M and the primary air supply holes 64. In this case, the partition wall 6 does not need to have a hollow double-pipe structure. [Explanation of symbols]

[0043] 1 Carbonization equipment 2. Carbonization furnace 3. Supply device (raw material supply means, air supply means) 4 outer cylinder 5 Exhaust stack 6 Partition wall 41 Peripheral wall 43 Raw material inflow hole S1 Annular space S2 carbonization chamber S4 combustion chamber

Claims

1. An outer cylinder having a peripheral wall; an exhaust pipe extending downward into the outer cylinder; a hollow cylindrical partition wall located below the exhaust stack, an annular space is defined between the outer cylinder and the exhaust stack; A carbonization chamber for carbonizing the raw material to produce a carbonized material is defined between the partition wall and the outer cylinder, a raw material inlet port for introducing a mixed flow of the raw material and air into the annular space is provided on the peripheral wall of the outer cylinder; the raw material inlet hole opens in a tangential direction of the inner circumferential surface of the peripheral wall at a position where the raw material inlet hole is formed, The mixed flow introduced into the annular space from the raw material inlet hole flows in a tangential direction of the inner circumferential surface of the peripheral wall to become a mixed swirling flow, and the raw material contained in the mixed swirling flow falls into the coke chamber by centrifugal force, A carbonization apparatus, wherein a combustion chamber for burning combustible gas generated by the carbonization process is provided inside the partition wall.

2. Further comprising a discharge portion provided below the outer cylinder, The carbide is discharged to the discharge section, The carbonization apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the carbonization chamber and the combustion chamber are in communication with each other via the exhaust portion.

3. Further comprising a fire grate provided between the carbonization chamber and the discharge section; The carbonization apparatus according to claim 2 , wherein the carbonized material is discharged to the discharge section through the fire grate.

4. The partition wall has a hollow double-tube structure consisting of an inner tube and an outer tube, A gap is defined between the inner tube and the outer tube; The outer tube is provided with a plurality of primary air supply holes, 4. The carbonization apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the primary air supplied to the gap flows into the carbonization chamber through the plurality of primary air supply holes.

5. a manifold member defining a manifold between the outer cylinder and the peripheral wall, a plurality of primary air supply holes communicating with the manifold are provided in the peripheral wall; 4. The carbonization apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the primary air supplied to the manifold flows into the carbonization chamber through the plurality of primary air supply holes.

6. A carbonization apparatus as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a secondary air supply nozzle for supplying secondary air to the combustion chamber, the secondary air supply nozzle opening upward at a lower position of the combustion chamber.

7. 4. The carbonization apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a raw material supplying means for supplying the mixed flow to the annular space through the raw material inlet.

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