Excavation device

Abstract

To provide an excavation device capable of performing expansion excavation by successively displacing a small-diameter expansion wing and a large-diameter expansion wing from a contracted position to an expanded position with a simple configuration without providing special mechanisms such as a restricting means or a releasing means for the expansion wing.SOLUTION: Excavation device has an excavation head at the lower end of the auger, and above the excavation head are expansion wings 3, 4 that displace between the expanded position, which is open outward, and the contracted position, which is smaller than the expanded position. During forward rotation, the excavation head excavates downward, and during reverse rotation, the expansion wings 3, 4 are displaced from the contracted position to the expanded position for expansion excavation. The expansion wings have a small-diameter expansion wing 4, which has a small diameter for expansion excavation, and a large-diameter expansion wing 3, which has a large diameter for expansion excavation, and are provided at the top and bottom. The large-diameter expansion wing 3 has a curved protrusion 14. When in the contracted position, the tip of the large-diameter expansion wing 3 is shorter in distance from the rotation axis O of the auger than in distance from the rotation axis O of the auger of the protrusion 14.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a drilling rig provided with diverging wings. [Background technology]

[0002] Conventional drilling equipment has a structure in which one type of expansion wing is switched between two positions, the contracted position and the expanded position, so when attempting to form a large-diameter root compaction bulb, the load of the excavation rotation torque becomes excessive, and there is a possibility that a situation will occur in which excavation using the expansion wing becomes impossible. Therefore, for example, JP 2006-299526 A (Patent Document 1) describes an excavation equipment in which a small-diameter expansion wing and a large-diameter expansion wing are provided on the same plane, and mechanisms such as a restraining means for restraining the displacement of the large-diameter expansion wing when the small-diameter expansion wing expands, and a releasing means for releasing the restraint of this restraining means are provided.

[0003] However, the environment in which the expansion wings operate is underground, which is a harsh environment. Moreover, if they malfunction, they cannot be easily repaired because they are underground. Therefore, if special mechanisms such as means for restraining and releasing the expansion wings are provided as in the past, the structure becomes complicated, there is a risk of malfunction, and maintenance work requires a great deal of effort. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] JP 2006-299526 A DISCLOSURE OF THEINVENTION [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] As mentioned above, if only one type of expansion wing is used, the load of the rotary excavation torque becomes excessive when trying to form a large diameter root compaction bulb. However, if a small diameter expansion wing and a large diameter expansion wing are provided and special mechanisms such as a means for restricting and releasing the expansion wing are provided, the structure becomes complicated. Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide an excavation device that can perform expansion excavation by sequentially displacing a small-diameter expansion wing and a large-diameter expansion wing from a contracted position to an expanded position with a simple configuration, without providing special mechanisms such as a restraining means or a releasing means for the expansion wing. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] The excavation device of the present invention has an excavation head provided at the lower end of the auger, and an expansion wing provided above the excavation head that is movable between an expanded position open outward and a contracted position that is contracted from the expanded position. The expansion wing includes a small diameter expansion wing having a small diameter for expanding excavation and a large diameter expansion wing having a large diameter for expanding excavation, which are provided above and below. The large diameter expansion wing is provided with a curved protrusion, and when in the contracted position, the distance of the tip of the large diameter expansion wing from the rotation axis of the auger is shorter than the distance of the protrusion from the rotation axis of the auger.

[0007] In addition, when the small diameter expansion wing and the large diameter expansion wing are provided above and below, the small diameter expansion wing may be provided above the large diameter expansion wing. Furthermore, in the case of small-diameter expansion wings and large-diameter expansion wings provided above and below, the small-diameter expansion wings may be provided below the large-diameter expansion wings. Effect of the Invention

[0008] According to the present invention, the large-diameter expansion wing is provided with a curved protrusion, and when in the contracted position, the tip of the large-diameter expansion wing is shorter from the rotation axis of the auger than the distance of the protrusion from the rotation axis of the auger. Therefore, the protrusion abuts against the wall surface of the hole drilled by the drilling head, preventing the large-diameter expansion wing from displacing to the enlarged position. Therefore, even if the direction is reversed, the large-diameter expansion wing does not immediately excavate the wall surface of the drilled hole to enlarge it. On the other hand, the small-diameter expansion wing immediately displaces to the enlarged position and excavates the wall surface of the drilled hole to enlarge it. The wall surface of the drilled hole is enlarged by the small-diameter expansion wing, and then when the large-diameter expansion wing rises or descends to the position of the small-diameter expansion wing, the protrusion that was abutting against the wall surface of the drilled hole cannot abut because the wall surface has collapsed, and the large-diameter expansion wing displaces to the enlarged position. Then, the large-diameter expansion wing displaced to the enlarged position excavates the wall surface of the drilled hole to enlarge it.

[0009] In this way, instead of forming a large diameter root-stabilizing bulb portion all at once with the large diameter expansion wing, the small diameter expansion wing first expands it, and then the large diameter expansion wing further enlarges it. By enlarging it in two stages, the load of the rotary torque for excavation can be reduced. Moreover, the large diameter expansion wing is held in the contracted position by a protrusion provided on the large diameter expansion wing, and the structure is simple. Because the structure is simple, there is little risk of breakdown and the labor required for maintenance work is also reduced. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0010] [Figure 1] FIG. 2 is a front view of the lower element of the auger of the drilling rig; [Diagram 2] FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram showing the state when all of the expansion wings are in the retracted position. [Diagram 3] 1A and 1B are diagrams illustrating the expansion wings in the contracted and expanded positions. [Figure 4] FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram of the state after drilling using the small-diameter expansion blade. [Diagram 5] FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram of the state after drilling using the large-diameter expansion blade. [Figure 6] FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing variations of drilled holes formed by a drilling device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0011] The purpose of enlarging the root consolidation bulb portion in two stages and reducing the excavation rotation torque load without using any special mechanism such as a restraining means or a releasing means for the expansion wing was realized by providing a curved protrusion on the large diameter expansion wing. EXAMPLES

[0012] Next, an embodiment of the drilling device of the present invention will be described with reference to Figs. 1 to 5. Fig. 1 is a front view of the lower element of the auger of the drilling device. Fig. 2 is an explanatory diagram of when all the expansion wings are in the retracted position. Fig. 3 is an explanatory diagram of the expansion wings in the retracted position and the expanded position. Fig. 4 is an explanatory diagram of the state where drilling is performed by the small diameter expansion wings. Fig. 5 is an explanatory diagram of the state where drilling is performed by the large diameter expansion wings. Fig. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing variations of the drilled hole formed by the drilling device. In the explanatory diagrams of Figs. 2 to 5, the small diameter expansion wings and the large diameter expansion wings appear to be in the same plane, but as shown in Fig. 1, the small diameter expansion wings are located above the large diameter expansion wings.

[0013] The excavation device of the embodiment performs enlarged excavation to form a root-hardening bulb portion, similar to a conventional excavation device. The auger is composed of multiple elements, and the lower element 1 shown in Figure 1 is attached to the bottom. The lower element 1 is provided at its lower end with a drilling head 2. A large diameter expansion wing 3 is provided above the drilling head 2, and a small diameter expansion wing 4 is provided above the large diameter expansion wing 3. A connection part 6 is provided at the upper end of the lower element 1 for connecting to the upper element.

[0014] As shown in Figs. 2 to 5, the large diameter expansion wing 3 is configured so that the diameter of the expansion excavation is larger than that of the small diameter expansion wing 4. The large diameter expansion wing 3 is attached to the auger body 11 so as to be able to swing about a swing shaft 12. An excavation claw 13 is provided on the underside of the tip of the large diameter expansion wing 3. The large diameter expansion wing 3 is also provided with a curved protrusion 14. When the large diameter expansion wing 3 is in the contracted position, the protrusion 14 protrudes in a direction away from the rotation axis O of the auger. The distance from the tip of the large diameter expansion wing 3 to the rotation axis O is shorter than the distance from the rotation axis O of the protrusion 14.

[0015] The small diameter expansion blade 4, which is located above the large diameter expansion blade 3, is attached to the auger body 11 so as to be able to swing about a swing shaft 22. Excavation claws 23 are provided above and below the tip of the small diameter expansion blade 4.

[0016] When forming a root-hardening bulb portion with the excavation device configured in this manner, first, the auger and excavation head 2 are rotated forward (clockwise in Figs. 2 to 5) to excavate downward. After the downward excavation is completed, the auger is rotated in the reverse direction and pulled upward. Then, the small diameter expansion wing 4 and the large diameter expansion wing 3 are successively displaced to the expansion position to perform the expansion excavation.

[0017] The displacement of the small diameter expansion wing 4 and the large diameter expansion wing 3 will be described in detail with reference to Figs. 2 to 5 and Fig. 6(a). As shown in Figure 2, when the auger rotates in the forward direction (clockwise), the small expansion wing 4 and the large expansion wing 3 are in the contracted position. The circular line B indicates the wall surface of the hole 50 (see Figure 6(a)) drilled by the drilling head 2, and the tip of the small expansion wing 4 and the protrusion 14 of the large expansion wing 3 move along this line B.

[0018] When the auger rotates in the reverse direction (counterclockwise) from the state shown in FIG. 2, the small-diameter expansion wing 4 excavates the wall surface of the excavation hole 50 shown by the circular line B, and displaces from the contracted position shown on the left side of FIG. 3 to the enlarged position shown on the right side of FIG. 3. Then, the small-diameter expansion wing 4 rotates to enlarge the excavation hole 51 (see FIG. 6(a)). The circular line S indicates the wall surface of the enlarged excavation hole 51 by the small-diameter expansion wing 4. Meanwhile, the large-diameter expansion wing 3 located below the small-diameter expansion wing 4 has its protrusion 14 move along the line B of the wall surface of the excavation hole 50. That is, the protrusion 14 abuts against the wall surface of the excavation hole 50, preventing it from displacing to the enlarged position. Therefore, the contracted position is maintained, and the tip of the large-diameter expansion wing 3 does not reach the line B.

[0019] Next, when the auger is raised and the large diameter expansion blade 3 reaches the hole 51 enlarged by the small diameter expansion blade 4, the protruding part 14 of the large diameter expansion blade 3 is released from the constraint of the wall surface of the excavation hole 50 and abuts against the wall surface of the hole 51 enlarged by the small diameter expansion blade 4. This state is shown in Figure 4. The distance from the tip of the large diameter expansion blade 3 to the rotation axis O is approximately the same as the distance from the rotation axis O of the protruding part 14. Then, the rotating large diameter expansion blade 3 begins to excavate the wall surface of the hole 51 enlarged by the small diameter expansion blade 4, as indicated by the circular line S at its tip.

[0020] The large diameter expansion wing 3 is then displaced to the expanded position shown in FIG. 5, and the rotating large diameter expansion wing 3 enlarges and excavates the hole, forming a large diameter enlarged excavated hole 52 (see FIG. 6(a)). The circular line L indicates the wall surface of the enlarged hole 52 excavated by the large diameter expansion wing 3. In this state, the auger is moved up and down to perform enlarged excavation to form the root-hardening bulb section. The up and down movement of the auger must raise the expansion wing from the lower end to the upper end of the root-hardening bulb section at least once. It is also possible to perform further enlarged excavation from this state to the aboveground part, thereby forming an enlarged excavated hole 52 as shown in FIG. 6(a') up to the aboveground part.

[0021] As described above, in the initial stage of reverse rotation of the auger, the large diameter expansion wing 3 is prevented from moving to the expansion position by its protruding portion 14 abutting against the wall surface B of the hole 50 drilled by the drilling head 2. Therefore, no special prevention mechanism is required. Also, by halving the vertical height of the expansion wings 3, 4, the drilling rotation torque load required for cutting is halved for the same ground conditions, expansion diameter, and auger reducer.

[0022] Although the embodiment of the present invention has been described above in detail, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and various modifications can be made within the scope of the gist of the present invention described in the claims. Modifications of the present invention are exemplified below.

[0023] (1) In the embodiment, the large diameter expansion wing 3 is provided below the small diameter expansion wing 4, but it is also possible to provide it above the small diameter expansion wing 4. However, it is preferable that the large diameter expansion wing 3 is provided below the small diameter expansion wing 4. If the large diameter expansion wing 3 is provided above the small diameter expansion wing 4, in order to form the root-hardening bulb portion, the expansion wing must be raised from the lower end to the upper end of the root-hardening bulb portion, and then made to make at least one round trip from the upper end to the lower end.

[0024] The details of the displacement of the small diameter expansion wing 4 and the large diameter expansion wing 3 in this case will be described with reference to Fig. 6(b). When the auger is rotated in the normal direction and the drilling head 2 excavates downward, a drilled hole 50 is formed by the drilling head 2 as shown in Fig. 6(b). After the drilling is completed by the drilling head 2, the auger is pulled up to a predetermined position while still rotating in the normal direction. At this time, the small diameter expansion wing 4 and the large diameter expansion wing 3 are maintained in the contracted position.

[0025] Next, the auger is rotated in the reverse direction and the drilling head 2 is pushed down. Then, the small diameter expansion wing 4 and the large diameter expansion wing 3 are successively displaced from the contracted position to the expanded position as described above to perform the expanded drilling, and the expanded drilling hole 51 by the small diameter expansion wing 4 and the expanded drilling hole 52 by the large diameter expansion wing 3 are formed. Then, by moving the drilling head 2 up and down as many times as necessary, a root compaction bulb part 53 having an excavation shape as shown in FIG. 6(b) is formed. It is also possible to form an expanded drilling hole 52 having an excavation shape as shown in FIG. 6(b') up to the ground by moving the drilling head 2 up and down as many times as necessary to perform the expanded drilling up to the ground.

[0026] (2) In the embodiment, the large-diameter expansion wing 3 and the small-diameter expansion wing 4 are successively displaced to the enlarged position when the auger rotates in the reverse direction, and the enlarged excavation is performed. However, by reversing the small-diameter expansion wing 4 from the position shown in FIG. 2, it is also possible to configure the small-diameter expansion wing 4 to displace to the enlarged position when the auger rotates in the normal direction, and the large-diameter expansion wing 3 to displace to the enlarged position when the auger rotates in the reverse direction. In this case, the large-diameter expansion wing 3 may be provided above or below the small-diameter expansion wing 4. FIG. 6(c) shows an excavated hole when the large-diameter expansion wing 3 is provided above the small-diameter expansion wing 4, and FIG. 6(d) shows an excavated hole when the large-diameter expansion wing 3 is provided below the small-diameter expansion wing 4.

[0027] When the large-diameter expansion wing 3 is provided above the small-diameter expansion wing 4, when the auger is rotated forward and the drilling head 2 is drilled downward, as shown in FIG. 6(c), the drilling head 2 forms a drilled hole 50, and then the small-diameter expansion wing 4 forms an enlarged drilled hole 51. At this time, the large-diameter expansion wing 3 is maintained in the contracted position. Then, after reaching the bottom of the drilling, the auger is reversed and the drilling head 2 is raised. Then, the large-diameter expansion wing 3 is displaced from the contracted position to the enlarged position to perform enlarged drilling, and the large-diameter expansion wing 3 forms an enlarged drilled hole 52. Then, by moving the drilling head 2 up and down as many times as necessary, a root-stabilizing bulb portion 53 with an excavation shape as shown in FIG. 6(c) is formed. It is also possible to form an enlarged drilled hole 52 with an excavation shape as shown in FIG. 6(c') up to the ground by further moving the drilling head 2 up and down as many times as necessary to perform enlarged drilling.

[0028] On the other hand, when the large-diameter expansion wing 3 is provided below the small-diameter expansion wing 4, when the auger is rotated forward and the drilling head 2 is drilled downward, as shown in FIG. 6(d), the drilling head 2 forms a drilled hole 50, and then the small-diameter expansion wing 4 forms an enlarged drilled hole 51. At this time, the large-diameter expansion wing 3 is maintained in the contracted position. Then, after reaching the bottom of the drilling, the auger is reversed and the drilling head 2 is raised. Then, the large-diameter expansion wing 3 is displaced from the contracted position to the enlarged position to perform enlarged drilling, and the large-diameter expansion wing 3 forms an enlarged drilled hole 52. Then, by moving the drilling head 2 up and down as many times as necessary, a root-stabilizing bulb portion 53 with an excavation shape as shown in FIG. 6(d) is formed. It is also possible to form an enlarged drilled hole 52 as shown in FIG. 6(d') up to the aboveground by moving the drilling head 2 up and down as many times as necessary to perform enlarged drilling.

[0029] (3) In the embodiment, the large and small expansion wings 3 and 4 are successively displaced to the expansion position when the auger rotates in the reverse direction, and expansion excavation is performed, but it is also possible to configure the large and small expansion wings 3 and 4 to be successively displaced to the expansion position when the auger rotates in the forward direction by reversing the arrangement of the large and small expansion wings 3 and 4 from that shown in Fig. 2. In this case, the large expansion wings 3 are provided above the small expansion wings 4.

[0030] In this case, when the auger is rotated forward and the drilling head 2 excavates downward, the small diameter expansion wing 4 and the large diameter expansion wing 3 are successively displaced from the contracted position to the expanded position, as described above. Therefore, as shown in Fig. 6(e), a drilled hole 50 is formed by the drilling head 2, then an enlarged drilled hole 51 is formed by the small diameter expansion wing 4, and further an enlarged drilled hole 52 is formed by the large diameter expansion wing 3. Then, by repeating the drilling head 2 up and down the required number of times to perform enlarged drilling up to the ground, an enlarged drilled hole 52 of the excavation shape shown in Fig. 6(e) can be formed up to the ground.

[0031] Table 1 summarizes the up-down positions, expansion rotation direction, initial expansion excavation direction, and subsequent operations of the large-diameter expansion wing 3 and the small-diameter expansion wing 4 for Figures 6(a) to (e).

[0032] [Table 1]

[0033] (4) The large diameter expansion wing 3 and the small diameter expansion wing 4 are configured to have approximately the same height in the vertical direction, but they can also be different. (5) The arrangement and structure of the excavation claws 13 of the large-diameter expansion wing 3 and the excavation claws 23 of the small-diameter expansion wing 4 may be changed as appropriate. [Industrial Applicability]

[0034] The large-diameter expansion wing is provided with a curved protrusion, which prevents the large-diameter expansion wing from immediately shifting to the expansion position even if the rotation is reversed. Therefore, the drilled hole is first enlarged with the small-diameter expansion wing, and then further enlarged with the large-diameter expansion wing. In this way, the drilling hole is enlarged in two stages, which reduces the drilling rotation torque load. Therefore, it is ideal for application to drilling equipment that forms a large-diameter root compaction bulb. [Explanation of symbols]

[0035] 2 Drilling head 3 Large diameter expansion wing 4 Small diameter expansion wing 14 Protrusion

Claims

1. In an excavation device in which an excavation head is provided at the lower end of an auger, and an expansion wing is provided above the excavation head, the expansion wing being displaceable between an expanded position that opens outward and a contracted position that is contracted further than the expanded position, The expansion wing includes a small diameter expansion wing having a small diameter for expansion excavation and a large diameter expansion wing having a large diameter for expansion excavation, which are provided above and below, The large diameter expansion wing is provided with a curved protrusion, When in the contracted position, the distance of the tip of the large diameter expansion wing from the rotation axis of the auger is shorter than the distance of the protrusion from the rotation axis of the auger.

2. 2. The excavation device according to claim 1, wherein the expansion wing is maintained in a contracted position during forward rotation of the auger, and the excavation head excavates downward, and when the auger is rotated in a reverse direction, the expansion wing is displaced from the contracted position to the expanded position to perform expansion excavation.

3. 2. The excavation device according to claim 1, wherein the small diameter diverging wing is disposed above the large diameter diverging wing.

4. 2. The excavation device according to claim 1, wherein the small diameter diverging wing is provided below the large diameter diverging wing.

5. The excavation device according to claim 3, wherein the expansion wing is maintained in a contracted position when the auger is rotated forward to perform downward excavation with the excavation head, and is displaced from the contracted position to an expansion position to perform expansion excavation when the auger is rotated in a reverse direction to lift the excavation head.

6. The excavation device according to claim 4, wherein the expansion wing is maintained in a contracted position when the auger is rotated forward to excavate downward with the excavation head and then raised to a predetermined position, and when the auger is rotated in a reverse direction to push down the excavation head, the expansion wing is displaced from the contracted position to the expansion position to perform expansion excavation.

7. When the auger is rotated forward to excavate downward with the excavation head, the small-diameter expansion wing is displaced from a contracted position to an expanded position to perform expanded excavation, The large-diameter expansion wing is maintained in a contracted position when the auger is rotated forward to perform downward excavation with the excavation head, and is displaced from the contracted position to an expanded position to perform expanded excavation when the auger is rotated in the reverse direction to lift the excavation head. A drilling rig according to claim 3 or 4.

8. 5. The excavation device according to claim 4, wherein the expansion wing is displaced from a contracted position to an expansion position for expanding excavation when the auger is rotated forward to excavate downward with the excavation head.

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