crusher

Abstract

To provide a crusher that includes a rotor where a plurality of rotary blades projects on its outer peripheral surface, a crusher body that has a crushing chamber storing the rotor and rotatably supports the rotor, and a plurality of fixed blades that is fixed to the crusher body by a fixture, respectively and can crush a crushed object in the crushing chamber in cooperation with the rotary blades accompanied by rotation of the rotor, which prevents a part of the fixed blades and an outer end part of the fixture for the fixed blades from being brought into direct contact with the crushed object during crushing treatment and can effectively suppress wear and damage of the fixed blades and the fixture due to the contact.SOLUTION: A protective plate 14 arranged so that its upper surface faces a crushing chamber X is fixed to a crusher body 10, side edge parts 141 on a rotor 20 side of the protective plate 14 are opposite to each other so as to sandwich a first clearance CL1 between the outer peripheral surface of the rotor 20 and the side edge part 141, and the side edge part 141 has at least one projection 141t covering a part of at least one fixed blades 50, 50' and an outer end B2a of a fixture B2 for the fixed blade.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a crusher, and more particularly to a crusher equipped with a rotor having a plurality of rotary blades protruding from its outer peripheral surface, a crusher body having a crushing chamber in which the rotor is housed and supporting the rotor so as to be able to rotate freely, a rotary drive source which drives the rotor to rotate, and a plurality of fixed blades which are each fixed to the crusher body with fasteners and which can cooperate with the rotary blades to crush material in the crushing chamber as the rotor rotates. [Background technology]

[0002] The above-mentioned crusher is a known one, as disclosed in Patent Document 1, for example. In this known crusher, the material to be crushed is fed into the crushing chamber, and is gradually compressed between a number of rotating blades that rotate together with the rotor and a number of fixed blades, crushing the material into small pieces and forcing it into a discharge space below the rotor. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] Patent No. 5089243 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] In the crusher of Patent Document 1, no functional parts are provided to cover and protect the upper part of the fixed blade, and the outer ends of the fixed blade and the fixtures (e.g., bolts) that fix the fixed blade to the crusher body are directly exposed to the crushing chamber. Therefore, crushed pieces strongly pressed by the rotating blade during the crushing process may directly hit the outer surface of the fixed blade or the outer ends of the fixtures (i.e., the exposed parts above the fixed blade) with a large contact pressure, which may damage or break the fixed blade or fixture.

[0005] The present invention has been proposed in view of the above, and has an object to provide a crusher that can solve the problems associated with the conventional structure. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides a crusher comprising a rotor having a plurality of rotary blades protruding from its outer peripheral surface, a crusher body having a crushing chamber in which the rotor is housed and supporting the rotor so as to be freely rotatable, a rotary drive source for driving the rotor to rotate, and a plurality of fixed blades each fixed to the crusher body by a fixing device and capable of crushing material in the crushing chamber in cooperation with the rotary blades as the rotor rotates, wherein a protective plate is fixed to the crusher body with its upper surface facing the crushing chamber, and a side edge portion of the protective plate facing the rotor faces the outer peripheral surface of the rotor with a first gap therebetween, and the side edge portion of the protective plate has at least one convex portion covering a portion of at least one of the fixed blades and the outer end portion of the fixing device which fixes the at least one fixed blade to the crusher body.

[0007] In addition to the first feature, the present invention has a second feature in that the multiple fixed blades are fixed to the crusher body in a position that is aligned approximately along the axis of the rotor, a cover plate that covers the outer periphery of the lower half of the rotor is fixed to the crusher body, and a second gap is formed between the opposing circumferential surfaces of the cover plate and the rotor through which crushed fragments produced by the cooperation can flow in, the cover plate is provided with a multiple number of through holes that allow fragments of a predetermined size or smaller to pass through, and the side edge portion of the protective plate has at least two or more of the protrusions.

[0008] In addition to the second characteristic, the present invention has a third characteristic in that a recess is formed between at least two adjacent convex portions among the at least two or more convex portions, which allows a part of the rotating blade to pass through in the rotational direction.

[0009] In addition to the second feature, the present invention has a fourth feature in that a recess is formed between at least two adjacent convex portions among the at least two or more convex portions, which allows a part of the rotating blade to pass in the rotational direction, and when viewed in a projection plane perpendicular to the plate surface of the protective plate, the convex portions are located on the rotor side and the recessed portions are located on the opposite side of the rotor across a reference line that exists within an area between a first imaginary line that passes through the outer end of the rotating blade in the rotor radial direction and extends parallel to the axis, and a second imaginary line that connects the center lines of the fixing devices when the rotating blade is closest to the corresponding fixed blade.

[0010] In the fourth aspect of the present invention, the reference line may be set at any position within a region between a first imaginary straight line and the second imaginary straight line as viewed on the projection plane.

[0011] In addition to the second feature, the present invention has a fifth feature in that the plurality of rotary blades are fixed to the outer circumferential surface of the rotor at different positions in the circumferential and axial directions.

[0012] In addition to the second feature, the present invention has a sixth feature in that it further comprises a pusher that is mounted on the crusher body and capable of moving forward and backward within the crushing chamber toward the rotor, and that can push the material to be crushed toward the rotor, and a forward and backward drive device that drives the pusher forward and backward.

[0013] In addition to any one of the first to fourth features, the present invention has a seventh feature in that the protective plate is a bottom wall plate whose upper surface is fixed to the crusher body so as to form at least a part of the bottom surface of the crushing chamber. Effect of the Invention

[0014] According to the present invention, a protective plate is fixed to the crusher body with its upper surface facing the crushing chamber, and the rotor-side side edge of this protective plate faces the outer peripheral surface of the rotor with a first gap between it and the rotor, and the side edge of the protective plate has at least one convex portion covering a part of at least one fixed blade fixed to the crusher body and the outer end of the fixing device that fixes the at least one fixed blade to the crusher body. Therefore, direct contact of a part of the fixed blade or the outer end of the fixing device for the fixed blade with the material to be crushed during the crushing process can be prevented, and wear and damage to the fixed blade and fixing device due to such contact can be effectively suppressed, contributing to improving the durability of the crusher as a whole.

[0015] According to a second feature, the multiple fixed blades are fixed to the crusher body in a position that is aligned approximately along the axis of the rotor, a cover plate that covers the outer periphery of the lower half of the rotor is fixed to the crusher body, and a second gap is formed between the opposing circumferential surfaces of the cover plate and the rotor through which crushed pieces can flow by cooperation of the rotating blade and the fixed blade, the cover plate is provided with multiple through holes that allow crushed pieces of a predetermined size or smaller to pass through, and the side edge portion of the protective plate has at least two or more of the above-mentioned convex portions. As a result, the first gap existing between the opposing surfaces of the rotor-side side edge portion of the protective plate and the outer peripheral surface of the rotor is narrowed by the provision of two or more protrusions on the side edge portion, so that when larger crushed fragments attempt to pass through this narrow first gap due to the pulling action of the rotating blade, the larger crushed fragments are subjected to compression (squeezing) resistance in the narrow first gap, and are effectively prevented from passing through the first gap; moreover, the larger crushed fragments that are prevented from passing through the narrow first gap are easily torn off by the rotating blade, and are able to pass through the first gap in as fine a state as possible. Thus, the fine crushed fragments that pass through the narrow first gap are further crushed between the rotating blade and the fixed blade before being supplied to the second gap between the lower half of the rotor and the cover plate. This effectively prevents a large number of larger crushed fragments from entering and getting stuck in the second gap (which would result in excessive rotational load on the rotor), thereby contributing to improved crushing efficiency. In addition, the reduced rotational load on the rotor is advantageous in reducing the size of the motor that drives the rotor.

[0016] In addition, according to the third and fourth features, a passable recess that allows a part of the rotating blade to pass through in the rotational direction is formed between at least two adjacent convex portions among the at least two or more convex portions, so that even if the at least two convex portions are adjacent to each other in close proximity, the recess formed between them allows the rotating blade to pass in the rotational direction while avoiding interference with the protective plate (particularly the side edge portion on the rotor side).

[0017] In particular, according to the fourth feature, when viewed on a projection plane perpendicular to the plate surface of the protective plate, the convex portion is located on the rotor side and the concave portion is located on the opposite side of the rotor across a reference line that exists within an area sandwiched between a first imaginary line that passes through the outer end of the rotor in the rotor radial direction and extends parallel to the axis of the rotor, and a second imaginary line that connects the center lines of the fixing devices, when the rotating blade is closest to the corresponding fixed blade.Therefore, by forming the recess based on the above-mentioned reference line, it is easy to appropriately set the recess depth, and it is possible to reliably avoid interference between the recess and the rotating blade while preventing the recess from becoming excessively deep.

[0018] According to the fifth feature, the multiple rotary blades are fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the rotor at different positions in the circumferential and axial directions, so that the multiple rotary blades are dispersed over a wide area on the outer peripheral surface of the rotor by shifting their axial and circumferential positions. As a result, even if larger pieces are subjected to the above-mentioned pulling action of each rotary blade in sequence during the crushing process and attempt to pass through the first gap one after another, the first gap is narrowed by the special provision of two or more protrusions on the side edge, as in the second feature, so that the larger pieces can be prevented from passing through the first gap. Moreover, the larger pieces prevented from passing through the first gap are easily torn off by the rotary blades, making it possible to crush them into small pieces. Therefore, the effect based on the second feature can be exerted without hindrance.

[0019] According to the sixth feature, since the device is equipped with a pusher capable of pushing the object to be crushed into the rotor side and a forward / backward drive device that drives the pusher forward and backward, even if the pusher strongly pushes the object to be crushed into the rotor side (and thus the larger pieces into the first gap) during the crushing process, as with the second feature, the first gap is narrowed by the special provision of two or more protrusions on the side edge, making it possible to prevent the larger pieces from passing through the first gap, and the larger pieces prevented from passing through the first gap are easily torn off by the rotating blades, making it possible to crush them into small pieces. Therefore, the effect based on the second feature can be exerted without hindrance.

[0020] According to the seventh feature, the protective plate is a bottom wall plate whose upper surface is fixed to the crusher body so as to form at least a part of the bottom surface of the crushing chamber. Therefore, the bottom wall plate which forms the bottom surface of the crushing chamber can also be used as a covering and protecting means for the fixed blade and its fixing device (i.e., the protective plate). Therefore, there is no need to prepare a special protective plate, which contributes to simplifying the structure of the crusher and reducing costs. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0021] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a side view showing a main part of an example of a crushing and sorting processing system including a crusher according to an embodiment. [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 is a plan view of the main part of the crushing, sorting and processing system (viewed from the arrow 2A in FIG. 1). [Diagram 3] FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the main part of the crusher (enlarged cross-sectional view of line 3A-3A in FIG. 1) and a partially enlarged cross-sectional view. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional side view of a main part of the crusher (an enlarged sectional view of line 4A-4A in FIG. 2). [Diagram 5] Enlarged cross-sectional view of line 5A-5A in Figure 3 [Figure 6] FIG. 6A is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the portion indicated by the arrow in FIG. [Figure 7] Cross-sectional view of line 7A-7A in Figure 6 [Figure 8] 8A is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the portion indicated by the arrow 8A in FIG. 5 (a cross-sectional view of the line 8A-8A in FIG. 3). [Figure 9] Control block diagram of the crusher [Figure 10] FIG. 3 is an enlarged, partially cutaway plan view of the transmission system from the motor to the rotor via the elastic coupling in the crusher, seen from the same direction as in FIG. [Figure 11] 11A arrow view of FIG. 10 [Figure 12] 1A and 1B are schematic plan views showing modified examples of the transmission system, in which FIG. 1A shows a first modified example, and FIG. 1B shows a second modified example. [Figure 13] FIG. 11 is a schematic plan view showing a third modified example of the transmission system; [Figure 14] FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of the crusher; [Figure 15] 1A and 1B are perspective views showing a rotary blade and a fixed blade alone, in which FIG. 1A shows the rotary blade and the fixed blade of an embodiment, and FIG. 1B shows the rotary blade and the fixed blade of a variation. [Figure 16] FIG. 16A is a partial cross-sectional view (cross-sectional view taken along line 16A-16A in FIG. 3 ) showing a state in which a rotary blade passes through a valley of a recess in a rotor-side side edge of a bottom wall plate serving as a protective plate in the direction of rotation. [Figure 17] 1A and 1B are schematic diagrams showing the configuration of a first gap formed between a rotor-side side edge of a bottom wall plate and an outer peripheral surface of the rotor, in which (A) shows an embodiment of the present invention and (B) shows a comparative example. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0022] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0023] In Figures 1 and 2, the crushing and sorting processing system using a crusher of the present invention includes a crusher D capable of finely crushing a bed mat BM as the material to be crushed into countless fragments, a sorting device S capable of sorting the fragments crushed by the crusher D into combustible material 71 and metal pieces 72, and a belt-type transport conveyor 1 that receives the fragments from the lower part of the crusher D and transports them to the upper part of the sorting device S.

[0024] The sorting device S mainly comprises a hollow housing 40, a sorting machine (not shown) disposed within the housing 40 for sorting the crushed pieces generated by the crusher D into combustible materials 71 and metal pieces 72, and a housing support frame 45 for fixing and supporting the housing 40 in an upright position on the installation surface E. The lower part of the housing 40 integrally comprises a combustible material discharge chute 41 for discharging the combustible materials 71 sorted by the sorting machine, and a metal piece discharge chute 42 for discharging the metal pieces 72 sorted by the sorting machine. Both discharge chutes 41, 42 are formed in a rectangular tube shape with an open lower end and tapering downward.

[0025] The combustible materials 71 and metal pieces 72 that exit the combustible material discharge chute 41 and the metal piece discharge chute 42, respectively, fall into and are stored in an open-topped combustible material container 73 and a metal piece container 74, which are placed at the bottom of the housing 40 corresponding to the two discharge chutes 41, 42.

[0026] Further, the discharge section 1o of the transport conveyor 1 extends to the upper part of the housing 40. The above-mentioned sorting machine is configured to perform the function of sorting the crushed pieces that are thrown into and dropped into the housing 40 from the discharge section 1o of the transport conveyor 1 into combustibles 71 and metal pieces 72.

[0027] As such a sorting machine, in the embodiment, a magnetic sorting machine that uses magnetic force to initially separate ferrous metal pieces 72 and combustible materials 71, and an air sorting machine that uses air pressure for sorting to separate (specifically, blow away) combustible materials 71 mixed with ferrous metal pieces 72 from the ferrous metal pieces 72 and guide them to the combustible material line inside the housing 40 are used in combination; such combined types are well known in the art, as disclosed, for example, in JP 2022-175482 A.

[0028] In addition, instead of or in addition to the magnetic or pneumatic separator, a gravimetric separator capable of separating crushed materials according to their weight may be used. The basic structure and function of each of the separators described above are well known, so further explanation of the separators will be omitted.

[0029] Generally, the components of a bed mat BM are combustible materials such as a synthetic resin elastic mat and a cloth mat cover, and iron-based metal members (e.g., a frame, a coil spring, etc.) that are contained in the elastic mat and function as the framework and spring material of the bed mat BM. Therefore, when the bed mat BM is crushed by the crusher D, the majority of the crushed pieces are a large number of combustible materials 71 in which the elastic mat material and the like are broken into small pieces, and a large number of metal pieces 72 in which the metal springs, frames, etc. are broken into small pieces.

[0030] 3 and 4, the crusher D comprises a box-shaped crusher body 10 having a hopper 10h integrally formed at the top into which the bed mat BM can be fed, a cylindrical drum-shaped rotor 20 housed within the crusher body 10 and supported for free rotation, and a motor M as a rotation drive source for rotating the rotor 20. The rotor 20 is disposed directly above the entrance portion 1i of the transport conveyor 1, and its rotation axis extends along the transport direction of the transport conveyor 1.

[0031] The bed mat BM may be put into the hopper 10h by hand or by a not-shown putting machine (such as a backhoe or a forklift) capable of gripping the bed mat BM.

[0032] The crusher body 10 mainly comprises a hopper 10h with an open top and a crushing chamber forming wall 10w connected to the lower end of the hopper 10h to define a crushing chamber X therein, and a bottom wall base 10wb of the crushing chamber forming wall 10w is fixed and supported on a support stand 11 erected on an installation surface E (for example, the ground). A rotor 20 is disposed vertically on one side of the crushing chamber X, and both ends of the rotor 20 are rotatably supported via bearings 13 on bearing walls 12 fixed to a pair of opposing side walls of the crushing chamber forming wall 10w.

[0033] A number of rotating blades 30 serving as crushing tools are protrudingly provided on the outer peripheral surface of the rotor 20 in an arrangement with axial and circumferential positions shifted, and a number of fixed blades 50 capable of working in cooperation with the rotating blades 30 to crush the bed mat BM are arranged in a row at equal pitch approximately along the axis of the rotor 20 and fixed to the crusher body 10.

[0034] In this embodiment, the multiple rotary blades 30 protruding from the outer circumferential surface of the rotor 20 are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction, with multiple blades (two in the illustrated example) at the same axial position, but the circumferential positions, i.e., the phases, are gradually shifted as the axial positions shift. Therefore, the multiple rotary blades 30 are arranged over the entire outer circumferential surface of the rotor 20, with intervals between each other both in the axial direction and the circumferential direction.

[0035] Furthermore, the axial positions of these rotating blades 30 are set at positions such that each rotating blade 30 can rotate approaching the blade faces of the fixed blades 50 and slipping between the blade faces without interfering with any of the numerous fixed blades 50 on the crusher body 10 when the rotor 20 rotates.

[0036] In the crushing chamber X, as the rotor 20 rotates forward, each rotating blade 30 passes between the blade faces of the corresponding fixed blade 50 on the crusher body 10, and the rotating blades 30 and the fixed blades 50 cooperate with each other to effectively crush the bed mat BM. Next, examples of the structure of the rotating blades 30 and the fixed blades 50 will be described with reference to Figs. 5 to 8.

[0037] A plurality of recesses 20a are provided on the outer circumferential surface of the rotor 20 corresponding to the positions where the plurality of rotary blades 30 are to be provided, and seats 25 are fitted into the recesses 20a, respectively. The seats 25 are detachably fixed to the rotor 20 by a pair of first rotary blade bolts 26 on both sides, and the rotary blades 30 are attached to the seats 25 so that the mounting angle can be changed as described later.

[0038] Each rotary blade 30 comprises a cylindrical inner member 31 detachably fixed to the base 25 by a second rotary blade bolt 27, and an outer blade 32 made of a superalloy having at least one blade portion 32c on its outer periphery and the inner peripheral surface of the center hole surrounding the outer peripheral surface of the inner member 31 over the entire circumference. The opposing peripheral surfaces of the inner member 31 and the outer blade 32 are integrally joined over their entire circumference via solder material 33 as a buffer material. The inner member 31 is made of a metal material having a lower hardness than the outer blade 32.

[0039] The outer blade 32 is formed in a plate shape of a regular polygon (square in the illustrated example) having a plurality of blade portions 32c, and the outer peripheral corners of the outer blade 32 form the blade portions 32c arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction. A mounting groove 25v having a V-shaped cross section is formed on the outer surface of the base 25 between the pair of first rotary blade bolts 26, and a pair of outer surfaces 32f having a V-shaped cross section of the outer blade 32 are fitted and held in a pair of inner surfaces of the mounting groove 25v so as not to rotate relative to each other. Therefore, even if the outer blade 32 (specifically, the inner member 31) is fixed with a single second rotary blade bolt 27, the outer blade 32 is reliably prevented from rotating.

[0040] At the bottom of the mounting groove 25v, a recess 25vc is provided having an arc-shaped cross section to avoid interference with the blade portion 32c.

[0041] Thus, when some of the blade portions 32c become worn with use, the worn blade portion 32c can be replaced with other blade portions 32c by loosening the second rotary blade bolt 27 once to change the phase of the outer blade 32 by 90 degrees (i.e., to change the mounting angle of the rotary blade 30), and then retightening the second rotary blade bolt 27. In this way, the multiple blade portions 32c can be sequentially changed and used one by one by changing the mounting angle of the rotary blade 30, thereby reducing the frequency of replacement of the rotary blade 30 and achieving cost savings.

[0042] As is apparent from Figures 6 and 7, in the outer blade 32 of the embodiment, at the corner where the tip face f1 of the blade portion 32c intersects with the front end face f2 of the blade portion 32c in the reverse direction of the rotor 20 (counterclockwise direction in Figure 5), a ridge portion, i.e., a chamfered portion 32ca, is formed which is inclined toward the axis of the rotor 20 as it moves from the tip face f1 to the end face f2.

[0043] As a result, when the rotor 20 (and therefore the rotating blade 30) switches from forward rotation to reverse rotation as described below, the ridge portion, i.e., the chamfered portion 32ca specially provided at the corner makes it less likely for the corner to get caught on the material to be crushed, thereby preventing an impact load from being applied to the joint between the inner member 31 and the base 25 due to such catching, and reducing the load on the joint.

[0044] As is clear from Figure 15(a), in the embodiment, the chamfered portions 32ca are formed at the four corners where the tip face f1 of the blade portion 32c formed by the outer corner portions of the outer contour blade 32 having a regular polygonal shape intersects with the end face f2 of the blade portion 32c on the front side in the reverse direction of the rotor 20. However, as a variation, as illustrated in Figure 15(b), chamfered portions f4 may be formed on each ridge portion formed by the end face f2 of the outer contour blade 32 and the outer circumferential surface (the planar outer surface on each of the four sides) f3, so that chamfered portions 32ca are formed on the ridge portions of the four corners where adjacent chamfered portions f4 in the circumferential direction intersect with each other.

[0045] 5 and 6, the internal member 31 of the embodiment is formed in a stepped cylindrical shape. In this regard, an annular stepped concave-convex engagement portion 3s is formed on the mutual fitting surfaces of the internal member 31 and the outer blade 32, which engages with one side in the fitting direction. Therefore, the concave-convex engagement portion 3s can firmly withstand the fastening force of the second bolt 27 for the rotary blade (i.e., the force that pulls the internal member 31 toward the base 25 in the axial direction when fastened).

[0046] Next, the fixed blade 50 on the crusher body 10 side will be described mainly with reference to Fig. 3 to Fig. 8. A horizontal base support member 15' extending along the axis of the rotor 20 (in other words, the generatrix) is fixed (for example, by welding, bolting, etc.) to the crusher body 10 (more specifically, the bottom wall base 10wb of the crushing chamber forming wall 10w) near the outer periphery of the rotor 20, sandwiching a support plate 17 also extending along the axis of the rotor 20. Furthermore, a horizontal base 15 extending approximately along the axis of the rotor 20 (hence the generatrix) is fixed (for example, by welding, bolting, etc.) on the base support member 15'.

[0047] A bottom wall plate 14 (described later) is connected to the base 15 via a plurality of first bolts B1 for the fixed blade. The fixed blades 50 on the crusher body 10 side are fitted into a plurality of notched recesses 15a (i.e., V-groove-shaped in plan view) provided on the end of the base 15 on the rotor 20 side, and are detachably fixed by a second bolt B2 for the fixed blade as a fixing device. The plurality of notched recesses 15a are arranged side by side adjacent to each other approximately along the axis of the rotor 20, and a plurality of fixed blades 50 are arranged and fixed in each of them.

[0048] The configuration of the fixed blade 50 on the crusher body 10 side is basically the same as that of the rotary blade 30 on the rotor 20 side described above, specifically, it is a divided structure of an inner member 31 and an outer blade 32 joined via a brazing material 33 (a cushioning material). The fixing means of the fixed blade 50 to the base 15 is basically the same as the fixing means of the rotary blade 30 on the rotor 20 side to the base 25. Note that Fig. 14 shows another embodiment of the fixed blade 50', which will be described later.

[0049] Furthermore, in order to enhance the crushing effect achieved by the cooperation of the rotating blade 30 and the fixed blade 50, the crusher D, as shown in FIG. 4, is equipped with a piston-shaped pusher P that is mounted on the crusher body 10 and capable of moving forward and backward toward the rotor 20, and a hydraulic cylinder CY as a forward and backward drive device that drives the pusher P forward and backward.

[0050] The pusher P is guided and supported so as to be slidable in the front-rear direction (i.e., a direction perpendicular to the axis of the rotor 20 in a plan view) by an upper guide surface g1 provided on the inner surface of the ceiling wall 10wt of the crushing chamber forming wall 10w, and a lower guide surface g2 provided on the upper surface of the bottom wall plate 14 fixed to the upper surface of the bottom wall base 10wb of the crushing chamber forming wall 10w. One end of the bottom wall plate 14 close to the rotor 20 is detachably connected to the base 15 (and further to the base support member 15' fixed to the base 15) by a plurality of first fixed blade bolts B1, and the other end is fixed to the bottom wall base 10wb at a position away from the base 15 by suitable fixing means (e.g., welding, bolts, locking devices, etc.).

[0051] A side edge 141 of the bottom wall plate 14 on the rotor 20 side faces the outer circumferential surface of the rotor 20 across a first gap CL1 extending in the axial (generatrix) direction of the rotor 20. As is clear from the partially enlarged view of Fig. 3, the side edge 141 of the bottom wall plate 14 is formed into a corrugated shape in a plan view so as to cover and protect from above each part of the numerous fixed blades 50 (more specifically, each exposed part of the inner member 31 and the brazing material 33, and a part of the outer end part of the outer blade 32) arranged in parallel substantially along the axial (generatrix) line of the rotor 20.

[0052] To explain this waveform more specifically, the side edge 141 of the bottom wall plate 14 on the rotor 20 side has a number of protrusions 141t formed in a mountain shape in plan view to cover each part of the multiple fixed blades 50 in the parallel state described above and the outer end, i.e., the bolt head B2a, of the second bolt B2 for the fixed blade as a fastener. Furthermore, between adjacent protrusions 141t, a number of recesses 141o formed in a V-shaped groove shape in plan view are formed to allow the approach and passage of each rotary blade 30 that rotates together with the rotor 20.

[0053] The shape of the recess 141o is determined based on a reference line L, which will be described below with reference to Fig. 3. That is, when viewed on a projection plane perpendicular to the plate surface of the bottom wall plate 14 serving as a protective plate (in other words, viewed in Fig. 3), the protrusion 141t is located on the rotor 20 side, and the recess 141o is located on the opposite side to the rotor 20 across the reference line L, which exists within an area sandwiched between a first imaginary straight line L1 that passes through the outer end of the rotor 20 in the radial direction and extends parallel to the axis of the rotor 20, and a second imaginary straight line L2 that connects the center lines of the second bolts B2 serving as fixing devices, when the rotating blade 30 is closest to the corresponding fixed blade 50.

[0054] In this case, the reference line L may be set at any position as long as it is within the region between the first virtual straight line L1 and the second virtual straight line L2 as viewed on the projection plane.

[0055] Therefore, by forming the recess 141o based on the reference line L, it is easy to set the appropriate depth of the recess 141o, so that it is possible to avoid the recess 141o being formed excessively deep while reliably avoiding mutual interference between the recess 141o and the rotary blade 30.

[0056] The hydraulic cylinder CY is fixed to a rear end wall 10wa of the crushing chamber forming wall 10w on the side opposite to the rotor 20 and to an intermediate wall 10wm closer to the rotor 20 than the rear end wall 10wa. The piston rod of the cylinder CY extends forward (i.e., toward the rotor 20) from the intermediate wall 10wm and is connected to the back of the pusher P.

[0057] Furthermore, a plurality of guide rods 16 that stably guide and support the back and forth movement of the pusher P are connected between the back of the pusher P and the rear end wall 10wa, and the guide rods 16 are configured in a telescopic shape with large and small diameter cylindrical portions that slidably fit together. The large diameter cylindrical portions of the guide rods 16 are fixed to the intermediate wall 10wm and the rear end wall 10wa, and the tip of the small diameter cylindrical portion is connected to the pusher P.

[0058] In addition, a recess Po is provided on the front surface of the pusher P (the surface facing the rotor 20) by recessing the lower half to make it easier to pinch and grip the pusher P between the outer periphery of the rotor 20 and improve crushing efficiency. In addition, the upper surface of the front end of the pusher P is integrally covered with a cover plate Pt made of a flat plate having a rectangular shape in a plan view and capable of slidingly contacting the guide surface g1, and this cover plate Pt extends far rearward (to the right in FIG. 4) from the front end of the pusher P.

[0059] The front-rear length of the cover plate Pt is set so that the cover plate Pt and the pusher P do not protrude into the lower end opening of the hopper 10h when the pusher P is at the rear limit (solid line position in FIG. 4), but the upper rear end of the cover plate Pt still comes into contact with the guide surface g1 when the pusher P is at the forward limit (chain line position in FIG. 4). This length setting ensures a sufficiently wide effective space in the front-rear direction of the crushing chamber X when the pusher P is at the rear limit, while the cover plate Pt can reliably prevent crushed pieces in the crushing chamber X from entering the mechanism chamber behind the pusher P even when the pusher P is at the forward limit.

[0060] Also, fixed to the crushing chamber forming wall 10w are a screen 18 as a cover plate having a cross section of an arc shape, which has a large number of slits 18s as parallel through holes and covers the outer periphery of the lower half of the rotor 20, and a discharge chute 19 with an open lower end and a tapered tip that guides the crushed pieces that fall through the slits 18s to the conveyor entrance portion 1i of the transport conveyor 1. The slits 18s have an opening size (i.e., slit width) that allows only the crushed pieces that have been finely crushed to a predetermined size or less to pass through.

[0061] Between the opposing peripheral surfaces of the screen 18 as a cover plate and the lower half of the rotor 20, a second gap CL2 having an arc-shaped cross section is formed, into which the crushed pieces crushed by the mutual crushing action of the rotary blade 30 and the fixed blade 50 flow. One end 18a of the screen 18 is detachably engaged with a suitable position of the crusher body 10 (in the embodiment, the first engaging recess 10k1 provided between the support plate 17 and the base receiving member 15'), and the other end 18b is connected to the outer wall portion 10ws of the crushing chamber forming wall 10w by a plurality of screen bolts B3. On the other hand, one end 19a of the discharge chute 19 is releasably engaged with an appropriate position of the crusher body 10 (in this embodiment, the second engaging recess 10k2 provided between the bottom wall base 10wb and the support plate 17), and the other end 19b is connected to the outer wall portion 10ws of the crushing chamber forming wall 10w with a plurality of discharge chute bolts B4.

[0062] Thus, by releasing the above-mentioned connection using the discharge chute bolt B4 and removing one end 19a of the discharge chute from the second locking recess 10k2, the discharge chute 19 can be removed from the crusher body 10, and further by releasing the above-mentioned connection using the screen bolt B3 and removing one end 18a of the screen from the first locking recess 10k1, the screen 18 can be removed from the crusher body 10, thereby making it possible to promptly clean and remove crushed fragments accumulated in the second gap CL2.

[0063] Incidentally, a hydraulic control circuit (not shown) for controlling the operation of the hydraulic cylinder CY is provided with a control valve device VA for controlling the extension and contraction of the hydraulic cylinder CY. This control valve device VA and a motor control unit 70 for controlling the supply of electricity to the motor M are controlled, for example, by a control block diagram simply shown in FIG. 9.

[0064] In this control block diagram, at least a crushing command switch SW1 for starting the crushing process at any time, a stop switch SW2 for stopping the crushing process at any time, a motor load sensor SEm (e.g., a sensor for detecting load current or torque) for detecting load changes on the motor M, a reverse rotation amount sensor SEm' for detecting the reverse rotation amount corresponding to an overload state of the motor M, a cylinder load sensor SEc (e.g., a pressure sensor for detecting cylinder operating pressure) for detecting load changes on the hydraulic cylinder CY, and a retraction amount sensor SEc' for detecting the contraction amount (i.e., the retraction amount of the pusher P) corresponding to an overload state of the hydraulic cylinder CY are connected to the input side of the control device CU including a microcomputer. On the other hand, at least the above-mentioned control valve device VA and motor control unit 70, and an alarm device 60 for alarming the crushing process status (e.g., the margin of the crushing process) are connected to the output side of the control device CU.

[0065] The control device CU is housed in a control panel (not shown) installed near the crusher D, and a crushing command switch SW1 and a stop switch SW2 are provided on the front side of the control panel so as to be manually operable.

[0066] Thus, in the process of crushing the bed mat BM executed in the crusher D based on the operation input of the crushing command switch SW1, the control device CU normally drives the rotor 20 in the forward direction (clockwise in FIG. 4) by the motor M, and drives the pusher P to reciprocate at a full stroke in the front-rear direction (left-right direction in FIG. 4) by the hydraulic cylinder CY. At this time, the pusher P powerfully pushes the bed mat BM and its crushed fragments fed into the crushing chamber X via the hopper 10h toward the rotor 20 (therefore, the rotating blade 30 on the rotor 20 side and the fixed blades 50, 50' on the crusher main body 10 side mesh with each other, toward the area where the bed mat BM and its crushed fragments are crushed), thereby efficiently crushing the bed mat BM and its crushed fragments.

[0067] During the execution of the crushing process based on such a control device CU, when the motor load sensor SEm detects that the motor M is in an overloaded state (e.g., the load current or torque is equal to or greater than a specified value), control example 1 is executed accordingly (i.e., the motor M drives the rotor 20 in the reverse direction by a predetermined reverse angle or until the overloaded state is eliminated, and then drives it in the forward direction), thereby eliminating the overload on the rotor 20. Also, when the cylinder load sensor SEc detects that the hydraulic cylinder CY is overloaded (e.g., the cylinder operating pressure is equal to or greater than a predetermined value), control example 2 is executed accordingly (i.e., the hydraulic cylinder CY is contracted by a predetermined contraction amount or until the overloaded state is eliminated, causing the pusher P to move backward, and then to move forward again), thereby eliminating the overload on the pusher P.

[0068] The control of the motor M as in the control example 1 may be set to be executed not only when an overload state of the motor M (rotor 20) is detected as described above, but also when an overload state of the hydraulic cylinder CY (pusher P) is detected. The control of the hydraulic cylinder CY as in the control example 2 may be set to be executed not only when an overload state of the hydraulic cylinder CY (pusher P) is detected as described above, but also when an overload state of the motor M (rotor 20) is detected.

[0069] In addition, in the process of re-advancing the pusher P after retracting it in response to the detection of an overload state as described above, the extension speed of the hydraulic cylinder CY (i.e., the forward movement speed of the pusher P) may be set to a constant speed throughout, or may be variably controlled. In particular, the variable control may be, for example, a control example in which the pusher P is advanced at full speed from when it starts to advance again to the retreat start position, and then advanced at a slow speed as it reaches the retreat start position. This control example has the advantage of being able to enhance the crushing effect by pushing the pusher P while suppressing a decrease in work efficiency.

[0070] Furthermore, the control device CU includes a margin judgment unit CUa that judges whether or not there is a margin in the crushing process according to the movements of the rotor 20 and the pusher P during execution of the crushing process. The margin judgment unit CUa can judge the magnitude of the margin in the crushing process related to the forward rotation of the rotor 20 based on the rotational state of the motor M (rotor 20), specifically, on at least one value of the rotational load (e.g., load current or torque), reverse rotation frequency, reverse rotation amount, etc. More specifically, for example, when the rotational load or torque of the motor M is equal to or lower than a specified value, when the reverse rotation frequency per unit time is equal to or lower than a predetermined number, or when the reverse rotation amount corresponding to an overload is equal to or lower than a predetermined value, it is considered that there is a margin in the crushing process.

[0071] Also, based on the forward and backward movement status of the hydraulic cylinder CY (pusher P), specifically, based on at least one of the values ​​of the forward load (e.g., cylinder operating pressure), backward movement frequency, and backward movement amount, it is possible to determine the degree of margin of the crushing process related to the forward and backward movement of the pusher P. More specifically, for example, when the forward load is equal to or less than a specified value, when the backward movement frequency per unit time is equal to or less than a predetermined number of times, or when the backward movement amount corresponding to an overload is equal to or less than a predetermined value, it is considered that there is margin of margin in the crushing process.

[0072] When the margin determination unit CUa determines that there is margin, a display unit (e.g., a display) of the notification device 60 notifies (e.g., displays characters, symbols, figures, etc.) that it is OK to feed the objects to be crushed into the hopper 10h. The notification device 60 is attached to a position (e.g., the upper side surface of the hopper 10h) that is easily visible to the field worker who performs the work of feeding the objects into the hopper 10h. Alternatively, the function of the notification device 60 may be given to a display device, remote control, or smartphone that the worker can carry, and the display device, remote control, or smartphone may be used as the notification device 60.

[0073] As the notification device 60, instead of or in addition to a visual notification device such as that in the embodiment which provides a visual notification, an audio notification device which issues a notification sound or message may also be used.

[0074] 10 and 11, the transmission system between the motor M as a rotational drive source and the rotor 20 is connected via a single elastic coupling C that transmits power therebetween and is capable of absorbing and mitigating shocks during the transmission. In particular, in the transmission system of the embodiment, a gear-type reducer R is interposed between the motor M and the rotor 20, and the elastic coupling C is interposed between the reducer R and the rotor 20.

[0075] This elastic coupling C includes, for example, a first rotating ring C1 connected to the output shaft of the reducer R so as not to rotate relative to the rotor, a second rotating ring C2 connected to the input shaft of the rotor 20 so as not to rotate relative to the rotor, and an annular elastic member C3 made of an elastically deformable elastic material (for example, a comparatively hard conventionally known vibration-proof rubber) connecting the two rotating rings C1 and C2, and the elastic deformation of the annular elastic member C3 absorbs and mitigates fluctuations in transmission torque between the two rotating rings C1 and C2 and shocks when switching between forward and reverse rotation. Note that the structure and function of the elastic coupling C are conventionally known and are not limited to the embodiment, that is, various conventionally known elastic couplings can be used.

[0076] The reducer R and the motor M are supported by a support base 55 fixed on the installation surface E on the side of the crusher body 10. The output shaft of the motor M and the input shaft of the reducer R extend parallel to each other, and an output gear 4 and an input gear 5 fixed to both shafts, respectively, mesh with each other via an idler gear 6 rotatably supported on the support base 55 and rotate interlockingly.

[0077] FIG. 12 also shows modified examples of the arrangement of the elastic coupling C. In particular, (A) shows a first modified example in which, in addition to the configuration of the above embodiment, an elastic coupling C is also interposed between the reducer R and the motor M. Also, (B) shows a second modified example in which a pair of relatively small motors M are linked and connected in parallel to a single rotor 20, and an elastic coupling C is interposed between the rotor 20 and the pair of motors M.

[0078] In particular, the second modified example in Fig. 12(B) shows an example in which one common elastic coupling C is interposed between the rotor 20 and a pair of motors M, while Fig. 13 shows a third modified example which is a variation of the second modified example. That is, in this third modified example, separate elastic couplings C are interposed between one motor M and one end of the rotor 20, and between the other motor M and the other end of the rotor 20, and therefore a pair of elastic couplings C are provided corresponding to each of the pair of motors M.

[0079] In addition, in the second and third modified examples, an example is shown in which the reducer R is omitted, but if necessary, a gear-type reducer R may be interposed between the elastic coupling C and the rotor 20 and / or between the elastic coupling C and the motor M.

[0080] In the second and third modified examples, the pair of motors M are the same size (and therefore have the same output performance), but a large motor and a small motor may be combined, and only the large motor is operated during normal crushing processing, and the small motor is operated to assist only when the rotor 20 is driven with high torque. In this case, the elastic coupling C may be provided only between the large motor that is constantly operating and the rotor 20, or only between the small motor and the rotor 20.

[0081] Next, the operation of the embodiment will be described.

[0082] In crushing and sorting the bed mats BM, first, the crusher D is operated by inputting an operation to the crushing switch SW1 (specifically, the rotor 20 with the rotating blades 30 is driven in the normal direction by the motor M and the pusher P is driven back and forth by the hydraulic cylinder CY), and while the transport conveyor 1 and the sorting device S are in operation, the bed mats BM to be crushed are appropriately fed into the hopper 10h of the crusher D. When the bed mats BM are crushed by the crusher D in response to this feeding, the crushed pieces are transported by the transport conveyor 1 to the upper part of the housing 40 of the sorting device S and fed into the housing 40 of the sorting device S from the discharge part 1o of the transport conveyor 1.

[0083] Next, the countless crushed pieces are sorted into combustible materials 71 and metal pieces 72 within the sorting device S, and after this sorting, the combustible materials 71 are discharged and dropped from the combustible material discharge chute 41 at the bottom of the housing 40, and the metal pieces 72 are discharged and dropped from the metal piece discharge chute 42, and are respectively stored in a combustible material container 73 and a metal piece container 74. When the combustible material container 73 and the metal piece container 74 are filled with combustible materials 71 and metal pieces 72, they are transported by appropriate transport means (for example, a transport vehicle) to a combustible material treatment device and a metal piece treatment device, not shown, respectively, where they are appropriately treated by a conventionally known method.

[0084] The above is an overview of the bed mat BM crushing and sorting system, but particularly when the crusher D is in operation, the bed mat BM is finely crushed into countless crushed pieces in the crushing chamber X through a crushing process performed by the cooperation of the numerous rotating blades 30 fixed to the rotating rotor 20, the numerous fixed blades 50, 50' fixed to the crusher body 10, and the pusher P moving back and forth toward the rotor 20, and these crushed pieces fall onto the conveyor entrance section 1i of the transport conveyor 1 through the slits 18s in the screen 18 and the discharge chute 19.

[0085] In such a crushing process, when the motor load sensor SEm detects that the motor M is in an overloaded state (i.e., the load current or torque value is equal to or greater than a specified value), the control device CU drives the motor M in reverse to rotate the rotor 20 by a predetermined reverse angle or until the overloaded state is eliminated, and then drives the motor M in forward direction in response to the detection, thereby eliminating the overload on the rotor 20. On the other hand, when the cylinder load sensor SEc detects that the hydraulic cylinder CY is in an overloaded state, the control device CU drives the hydraulic cylinder CY in reverse to rotate the pusher P by a predetermined reverse amount or until the overloaded state is eliminated, and then moves the pusher P forward again in response to the detection, thereby eliminating the overload on the pusher P.

[0086] In the embodiment, when a small motor M is used, the above-mentioned specified value is set low because the upper limit of the load current or torque during normal rotation is low. Therefore, the rotor 20 is frequently rotated in the reverse direction during the crushing process to crush the object, and the rotor 20 tends to rotate in the reverse direction more frequently.

[0087] The crusher D of the embodiment includes a first detection means S1 (in the embodiment, a motor load sensor SEm capable of detecting a load current or torque of the motor M, a reverse rotation amount sensor SEm′ capable of detecting a reverse rotation amount corresponding to an overload of the motor M, and a reverse rotation frequency detection unit of the control device CU capable of detecting the reverse rotation frequency of the motor M) capable of detecting at least one numerical value indicating a forward / backward movement state of the pusher P that can be moved forward and backward toward the rotor 20, and a second detection means S2 (in the embodiment, an oil The control device CU is provided with a cylinder load sensor SEc capable of detecting the hydraulic pressure of the pressure cylinder CY, a retraction amount sensor SEc' capable of detecting the amount of contraction (i.e., the amount of retraction of the pusher P) corresponding to the overload of the hydraulic cylinder CY, a retraction frequency detection unit of the control device CU capable of detecting the frequency of retraction of the pusher P, a determination means capable of determining the margin of the crushing process from the detection results of the first and second detection means S1, S2, i.e., a margin determination unit CUa of the control device CU, and an alarm device 60 that operates to give an alarm when the margin determination unit CUa determines that there is margin in the crushing process.

[0088] As a result, the worker can easily and accurately recognize when there is room for crushing processing by comprehensively judging the rotation status of the rotor 20 and the forward / backward movement status of the pusher P through the notification from the notification device 60. Therefore, using the notification as a clue, the work of putting the bed mat BM into the hopper 10h can be efficiently performed at a more appropriate timing without forcing an overload on the rotor 20 or the pusher P. At the same time, damage to the rotor 20 or the pusher P due to an overload can also be effectively avoided.

[0089] In the above embodiment, both the first detection means S1 capable of detecting at least one numerical value indicating the rotation status of the rotor 20 and the second detection means S2 capable of detecting at least one numerical value indicating the forward and backward movement status of the pusher P which can move forward and backward toward the rotor 20 are provided, and the margin of the crushing process is judged from the detection results of both the first and second detection means S1, S2, and when it is judged that there is margin for the crushing process, the alarm device 60 is operated to issue an alarm. However, as another embodiment, for example, both the first and second detection means S1, S2 are provided, and depending on the crushing situation, the margin of the crushing process may be judged from the detection results of both the first and second detection means S1, S2 or from the detection result of either one of them, and when it is judged that there is margin for the crushing process, the alarm device 60 may be operated to issue an alarm. As yet another embodiment, for example, only one of the first and second detection means S1, S2 may be provided, and the margin of the crushing process may be determined from the detection result of either the detection means S1 or S2, and the alarm device 60 may be activated to issue an alarm when it is determined that there is margin of the crushing process.

[0090] In particular, the rotary blade 30 and the fixed blade 50 of the embodiment include an inner member 31 fixed to the rotor 20 and the crusher body 10 on the bases 25, 15, respectively, and a superalloy outer blade 32 having at least one blade portion 32c on the outer periphery and surrounding the outer periphery of the inner member 31 with its inner periphery, and the opposing periphery of the inner member 31 and the outer blade 32 are integrally joined via a brazing material 33 as a buffer material. As a result, the outer periphery of the rotary blade 30 and the fixed blade 50 is composed of the outer blade 32 made of super hard alloy, and the inner member 31 to be fixed to the bases 25, 15 and the joints (brazing material 33 in the embodiment) between the inner member 31 and the outer blade 32 are surrounded by the hard outer blade 32 and protected over a wide area, so that the inner member 31 and the joints (brazing material 33) are less likely to come into direct contact with the object to be crushed during the crushing process. Therefore, it is possible to effectively prevent the inner member 31 and the joint (brazing material 33) from cracking, wearing, or being damaged due to the contact, and to prevent the outer edge 32 and the inner member 31 from peeling off from each other.

[0091] Moreover, the brazing material 33 allows the opposing peripheral surfaces of the outer blade 32 and the inner member 31 to be joined over a wide circumferential range via the brazing material 33 (cushioning material), and the impact applied to the outer blade 32 during crushing processing is dispersed via the brazing material 33 (cushioning material) and transmitted to the inner member 31 in a cushioning manner, so that a cushioning effect against the impact can be expected. As a result of the above, the durability of the rotary blade 30 / fixed blade 50 as a whole is greatly improved.

[0092] During crushing, the temperature of the rotary blade 30 and the fixed blade 50 rises due to frictional heat, and the inner member 31 also thermally expands. However, the inner member 31 has low hardness, and the brazing material 33 interposed between the inner member 31 and the outer blade 32 acts as a buffer material, preventing the outer blade 32 from being excessively compressed by the thermal expansion.

[0093] In addition, a concave-convex engaging portion 3s that engages with one side in the fitting direction is formed on the fitting surface between the inner member 31 and the outer blade 32 in the embodiment. This reliably restricts the inner member 31 and the outer blade 32 from shifting to one side in the axial direction on their fitting surfaces by the concave-convex engaging portion 3s, thereby increasing the bonding strength of the outer blade 32 to the inner member 31.

[0094] In particular, the inner member 31 is connected to the corresponding base 25, 15 by the second bolt 27, B2, and the fastening force of the second bolt 27, B2 can be received by the concave-convex engagement portion 3s. Therefore, when the rotating blade 30 and the fixed blade 50 (inner member 31) are bolted to the base 25, 15, the bolt fastening force can be reliably received by the concave-convex engagement portion 3s, and the bolt fastening force can be utilized to further increase the connecting strength of the outer blade 32 to the inner member 31.

[0095] In the embodiment, the multiple fixed blades 50 fixed to the base 15 on the crusher body 10 side are connected to the base 15 by the second bolts B2 for the fixed blades, and a part of the outer blade 32 and the outer ends of the second bolts B2 for the fixed blades and the inner members 31 are covered by the bottom wall plate 14 (more specifically, multiple protrusions 141t on the side edge 141 on the rotor 20 side of the bottom wall plate 14) as a protective plate fixed to the crusher body 10. This prevents the part of the outer blade 32 and the outer ends of the inner members 31 and the second bolts B2 for the fixed blades from coming into direct contact with the object to be crushed during the crushing process, and effectively suppresses cracks in the outer blades 32 and wear and damage to the outer ends of the inner members 31 and the second bolts B2 for the fixed blades due to such contact, which is advantageous in improving the durability of the crusher D.

[0096] In particular, in this embodiment, the multiple fixed blades 50 are fixed to the crusher body 10 in a position that is aligned approximately along the axis (and therefore the generating line) of the rotor 20, and a screen 18 is fixed to the crusher body 10 as a cover plate that covers the outer periphery of the lower half of the rotor 20, and a second gap CL2 is formed between the opposing circumferential surfaces of the screen 18 and the rotor 20, through which crushed fragments can flow by cooperation of the rotating blades 30 and the fixed blades 50, the screen 18 is provided with multiple slits 18s as through holes that allow crushed fragments of a predetermined size or smaller to pass through, and the side edge portion 141 of the protective plate 14 has at least two or more of the convex portions 141t.

[0097] As a result, the first gap CL1 existing between the opposing surfaces of the side edge portion 141 on the rotor 20 side of the bottom wall plate 14 as a protective plate and the outer circumferential surface of the rotor 20 is narrowed by the special provision of two or more protrusions 141t on the side edge portion 141.Therefore, when larger crushed fragments attempt to pass through this narrow first gap CL1 due to the pulling action of the rotating blade 30, the larger crushed fragments are subjected to compression (squeezing) resistance in the narrow first gap CL1, thereby effectively preventing them from passing through the first gap CL1.Furthermore, the larger crushed fragments that are prevented from passing through the narrow first gap CL1 are easily torn off by the rotating blade 30, so that they can easily pass through the first gap CL1 in a finely broken state, thereby achieving a unique technical effect.

[0098] It is clear from Fig. 16 that the first gap CL1 is narrowed by providing two or more protruding parts 141t on the side edge part 141 of the bottom wall plate 14 on the rotor 20 side. That is, Fig. 16(A) shows an embodiment of the present invention in which multiple protruding parts 141t are specially provided on the side edge part 141, and the area of ​​the first gap CL1 is narrowed by the amount of each of the protruding parts 141t. Fig. 16(B) shows a comparative example without the protruding parts 141t, and the area of ​​the first gap CL1' is expanded over a wide range due to the absence of the protruding parts 141t.

[0099] In this case, the side edge 141' of the bottom wall plate 14' of the comparative example is formed in a straight line so that the side edge 141' passes through a position corresponding to the base end position of the convex portion 141t (i.e., the bottom surface position of the concave portion 141o) in the embodiment. Therefore, according to Fig. 16, it is clear that the first gap CL1 in the embodiment (A) is sufficiently narrowed compared to the first gap CL1' in the comparative example (B) by the special provision of two or more convex portions 141t of the side edge 141.

[0100] Thus, according to the unique technical effect, the fine crushed pieces that pass through the narrow first gap CL1 are crushed further by the rotating blade 30 and the fixed blade 50, and then supplied to the second gap CL2 between the outer periphery of the lower half of the rotor 20 and the screen 18, so that it is possible to effectively prevent the second gap CL2 from being clogged with larger crushed pieces (and therefore the rotation load of the rotor 20 becoming excessive). In this case, when the rotation load of the rotor 20 (and therefore the motor M) becomes excessive, the control unit CU attempts to reduce the load by temporarily reversing the motor M, but if this reversal operation occurs frequently, there is a risk that the crushing efficiency will decrease.

[0101] In contrast, in this embodiment, the occurrence of a situation in which larger crushed pieces get caught in the second gap CL2 and cause clogging is effectively suppressed, so the frequency of the reverse operation of the motor M is also suppressed, and the crushing efficiency can be improved. Moreover, since the rotation load of the rotor 20 (and therefore the motor M) is reduced, this is advantageous in terms of miniaturizing the motor M.

[0102] In addition, in the side edge 141 of the bottom wall plate 14 of the embodiment on the rotor 20 side, between at least two adjacent convex portions 141t among the at least two or more convex portions 141t, a concave portion 141o through which a part of the rotary blade 30 can pass is formed. As a result, even if the at least two convex portions 141t are adjacent to each other in a close state, the concave portion 141o existing between them allows the rotary blade 30 to pass in the rotation direction while avoiding interference with the bottom wall plate 14, and the crushed pieces between the fixed blade 50 can be finely crushed immediately after the passage.

[0103] In addition, since the multiple rotary blades 30 in the embodiment are fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the rotor 20 at different positions in the circumferential and axial directions, the multiple rotary blades 30 are shifted in axial and circumferential positions on the outer peripheral surface of the rotor 20 and dispersed over a wide area, so that even if larger crushed pieces are subjected to the above-mentioned pulling action of each rotary blade 30 in sequence during the crushing process and attempt to pass through the first gap CL1 one after another, the first gap CL1 is narrowed by the special provision of two or more protrusions 141t on the side edge portion 141 as described above, so that it is possible to prevent the larger crushed pieces from passing through the first gap CL1, and the larger crushed pieces that are prevented from passing through the first gap CL1 are easily torn off by the rotary blades 30, making it possible to crush them into small pieces. Therefore, the unique technical effect is exerted without any hindrance.

[0104] Furthermore, the crusher D of the embodiment is equipped with a pusher P capable of pushing the object to be crushed toward the rotor 20, and a hydraulic cylinder CY as a forward / backward drive device that drives the pusher P forward and backward, so that even if the pusher P strongly pushes the object to be crushed toward the rotor 20 (and therefore larger crushed pieces into the first gap CL1) during the crushing process, the first gap CL1 is narrowed by the special provision of two or more protruding parts 141t on the side edge part 141 as described above, making it possible to prevent larger crushed pieces from passing through the first gap CL1, and moreover, the larger crushed pieces prevented from passing through the first gap CL1 are easily torn off by the rotating blades 30, making it possible to crush them into small pieces. Therefore, the unique technical effect is exerted without any hindrance.

[0105] In the embodiment, the protective plate for protecting a part of the fixed blade 50 and the outer end (i.e., the bolt head B2a) of the second bolt B2 for the fixed blade, which serves as a fixing device for the fixed blade, is composed of a bottom wall plate 14 whose upper surface is fixed to the crusher body 10 so as to form at least a part of the bottom surface of the crushing chamber X. As a result, the bottom wall plate 14 for forming the bottom surface of the crushing chamber is also used as a protective plate for the fixed blade 50 and the second bolt B2 for the fixed blade, eliminating the need to prepare a special protective plate, and thus simplifying the structure of the crusher D and reducing costs.

[0106] The crusher D of the embodiment includes a rotor 20 having a rotary blade 30 on its outer periphery, and a motor M as a rotary drive source for driving the rotor 20 to rotate. In particular, the motor M and the rotor 20 are connected via an elastic coupling C that transmits power between them and can absorb shocks during the transmission. As a result, even if the rotor 20 frequently switches between forward and reverse rotation during crushing processing, the elastic coupling C can effectively absorb the large shocks that occur when the rotations switch, and the large shocks are less likely to be transmitted to the motor M and the rotor 20, effectively preventing damage to the motor M and the rotary blade 30. This improves their durability, and also reduces operating noise and vibration during operation.

[0107] Moreover, in this embodiment, a gear-type reducer R is interposed between the motor M and the rotor 20, and an elastic coupling C is interposed between the reducer R and the rotor 20. As a result, even if the meshing parts of the gears in the reducer R are easily damaged by impact due to backlash when switching between forward and reverse rotation of the rotor 20, the impact can be effectively absorbed and mitigated by the elastic coupling C, thereby improving the durability of the reducer R.

[0108] In addition, in the first modified example shown in FIG. 12(A), an elastic coupling C is also interposed between the reducer R and the motor M, so that the shock transmitted to the motor M when switching between forward and reverse rotation of the rotor 20 can be absorbed and mitigated, thereby contributing to improving the durability of not only the reducer R but also the motor M.

[0109] 12(B) and 13, a pair of motors M are linked and connected in parallel to a single rotor 20, and an elastic coupling C is interposed between the rotor 20 and the pair of motors M. In this way, when two small motors M are used to drive the rotor 20 and the total torque of the two small motors M is lower than the output torque of the large motor, the rotor 20 needs to be frequently switched between forward and reverse rotation for crushing, and in this case, the frequency of impacts increases. However, by interposing the elastic coupling C between the rotor 20 and the two motors M, damage to the small motors M can be more effectively prevented.

[0110] Although the embodiment of the present invention has been described above, the present invention is not limited to the embodiment, and various embodiments can be implemented within the scope of the present invention.

[0111] For example, in the above embodiment, the bed mat BM is exemplified as the object to be crushed by the crusher D, but the crusher of the present invention may be one for crushing objects other than the bed mat BM.

[0112] 5 to 8, both the rotating blade 30 on the rotor 20 side and the fixed blade 50 on the crusher body 10 side have a split structure made up of an inner member 31 and an outer blade 32 joined together via a brazing material 33 (buffer material), but in the present invention, both the rotating blade 30 and the fixed blade 50 may be constructed as a solid one-piece body (i.e., without the inner member 31 or brazing material 33). Alternatively, only one of the rotating blade 30 and the fixed blade 50 may have the split structure described above, and the other blade may be constructed as a solid one-piece body described above.

[0113] For example, Fig. 14 shows another embodiment in which the rotary blade 30 on the rotor 20 side has the above-mentioned divided structure, while the fixed blade 50' on the crusher body 10 side is configured as a solid one-piece body, and in this another embodiment, the outer end (i.e., the upper end head) of the second bolt B2 that connects the fixed blade 50' to the base 15, and most of the fixed blade 50' except for the tip end are covered and protected by the bottom wall base 10wb of the crusher body 10 and the tip of the bottom wall plate 14 as a protective plate fixed to the base 15. This makes it difficult for a part of the fixed blade 50' and the outer end (i.e., the head B2a) of the second bolt B2 to come into direct contact with the material to be crushed during the crushing process, and makes it possible to effectively suppress cracking of the fixed blade 50' and wear and damage to the outer end of the second bolt B2 due to such contact.

[0114] In the above embodiment, a chamfer 14s is formed on the tip surface of the convex portion 141t on the rotor 20 side of the side edge portion 141 of the bottom wall plate 14 serving as a protective plate, which slopes downward toward the rotor 20 side. However, such chamfer 14s may be eliminated and the tip surface of the convex portion 141t may be formed as a cliff-like, approximately vertical upright surface, or the entire tip surface of the convex portion 141t may be formed as a slope that approximately follows the outer peripheral surface of the rotor 20. In either case, the tip surface of the convex portion 141t is positioned and formed so as not to interfere with the outer peripheral surface of the rotor 20.

[0115] In the above embodiment, the side surface of the convex portion 141t at the rotor 20 side edge portion 141 of the bottom wall plate 14 serving as a protective plate is formed as an inclined surface inclined toward one or the other of the left and right sides toward the rotor 20 in a planar view, and the convex portion 141t is formed as a tapered surface in a planar view. However, the side surface of the convex portion 141t does not necessarily have to be formed as the above-mentioned inclined surface as long as it does not interfere with the rotary blade 30.

[0116] In addition, in the above embodiment, the convex portion 141t on the rotor 20 side edge portion 141 of the bottom wall plate 14 as a protective plate is shown to completely cover the outer end portion (bolt head B2a) exposed to the outside of the second bolt B2 as a fixing device for fixing the corresponding fixed blade 50, 50' to the crusher body 10, but the convex portion 141t may be configured to cover only a portion of the outer end portion (bolt head B2a) exposed to the outside of the second bolt B2 as a fixing device for the corresponding fixed blade 50, 50'.

[0117] In the above embodiment, the protrusions 141t corresponding to each of the fixed blades 50, 50' arranged in the axial (generatrix) direction of the rotor 20 (i.e., the same number as the fixed blades 50, 50') are provided on the rotor 20 side edge 141 of the bottom wall plate 14 as a protective plate, and the recesses 141o through which each one of the rotary blades 30 can pass are formed between the protrusions 141t adjacent to each other in the axial direction. However, in the present invention, the protrusions 141t may be provided only for some (i.e., at least one) of the fixed blades 50, 50'. Alternatively, at least two protrusions 141t may be provided corresponding to at least two fixed blades 50, 50' that are not adjacent to each other in the axial direction, and two or more recesses 141o through which two or more rotary blades 30 can pass may be formed between the two protrusions 141t.

[0118] In the above embodiment, the bottom wall plate 14 as a protective plate is configured as a single plate having approximately the same axial width as the rotor 20 and constituting the entire or most part of the bottom surface of the crushing chamber X. However, the bottom wall plate 14 may be configured as a single plate constituting a part of the bottom surface of the crushing chamber X. Alternatively, the bottom wall plate 14 may be divided into a plurality of bottom wall plate elements, in which case each bottom wall plate element is individually and detachably fixed to the crusher body 10 (more specifically, the bottom wall 10wb of the crushing chamber forming wall 10w) via the same fixing means as in the embodiment (i.e., the first bolt B1 for the fixed blade, the base 15, and the base support member 15'), and the side edge portion 141 of each bottom wall plate element on the rotor 20 side is formed with a plurality of convex portions 141t covering some of the numerous fixed blades 50, 50' arranged approximately along the axial (generatrix) direction of the rotor 20 in the above embodiment and the bolt heads B2a which are the outer ends of the fixing devices (second bolts B2), and recesses 141o formed between the plurality of convex portions 141t.

[0119] In the above embodiment, the bottom wall plate 14 that slidably guides and supports the lower part of the pusher P is also used as a covering and protecting means (protective plate) that covers and protects the inner member 31 of the fixed blade 50, the outer end parts B2a of the second bolt B2, etc., but a bottom wall plate that does not have a sliding guide function for the lower part of the pusher P may be used as the covering and protecting means. Alternatively, a dedicated protective plate formed separately from the bottom wall plate 14 and fixed to the bottom wall base 10wb of the crusher body 10 may cover and protect the inner member 31, the outer end parts of the second bolt B2, etc.

[0120] In the above embodiment, one end 18a of the screen 18 as a cover plate is detachably engaged with the crushing chamber forming wall 10w (first engaging recess 10k1) of the crusher body 10, and the other end 18b is fixed to the outer wall 10ws of the crusher body 10 by the third bolt B3. However, the connection structure of the screen 18 as a cover plate to the crusher body 10 is not limited to the embodiment. For example, instead of the locking structure that locks the one end 18a of the screen 18 to the crushing chamber forming wall 10w, the one end 18a may be pivotally connected to the crushing chamber forming wall 10w. In this case, for example, the third bolt B3 may be loosened to release the connection, thereby rotating the screen 18 around the pivot connection part, and maintenance work on the screen 18 (for example, cleaning and removing crushed pieces accumulated in the second gap CL2) may be performed.

[0121] In the above embodiment, one end 19a of the discharge chute 19 is detachably engaged with the crushing chamber forming wall 10w (second engaging recess 10k2) and the other end 19b is fixed to the outer wall 10ws of the crusher body 10 by the fourth bolt B4, but the connection structure of the discharge chute 19 to the crusher body 10 is not limited to the embodiment. For example, instead of the locking structure that locks the one end 19a of the discharge chute 19 to the crushing chamber forming wall 10w, the one end 19a may be pivotally connected to the crushing chamber forming wall 10w in a rotatable manner, similar to the one end 18a of the screen 18. In this case, for example, the fourth bolt B4 may be loosened to release the connection, thereby rotating the discharge chute 19 around the pivotal connection part, and maintenance work for the screen 18 may be performed.

[0122] In the above embodiment, the brazing material 33 that joins the opposing circumferential surfaces of the inner member 31 and the outer blade 32 is used as a buffer material that is interposed between them to buffer and join them, but the opposing circumferential surfaces of the inner member 31 and the outer blade 32 may be integrally joined by a joining means other than the brazing material 33, for example, by welding using a welding rod made of a completely different material from the brazing material. In this case, a part of the material of the welding rod that melts during the welding operation becomes a buffer material present in the joint (i.e., the welded part) between the opposing circumferential surfaces of the inner member 31 and the outer blade 32, and can exert the same effect as the brazing material 33 in the above embodiment.

[0123] In addition, in the above embodiment, the torque transmission mechanism interposed between the motor M and the reducer R is a gear-type transmission mechanism, but instead of the gear-type transmission mechanism, a wrap-type transmission mechanism (e.g., a belt-type transmission mechanism, a chain-type transmission mechanism) may be used as the torque transmission mechanism.

[0124] In the above embodiment, a monitoring camera is not installed in the hopper 10h, but a monitoring camera may be installed in the hopper 10h as necessary. In this case, the operator may determine the timing of feeding the object to be crushed (bed mat BM) into the hopper 10h by comprehensively judging the notification from the notification device 60 based on the margin judgment result given by the margin judgment unit CUa from the detection results of the first detection means S1 and / or the second detection means S2 as described above, and the image of the monitoring camera. This makes it possible to more appropriately determine the feeding timing according to the crushing processing status in the crusher body 10.

[0125] In addition, in the above embodiment, an infrared camera is not installed in the hopper 10h, but if necessary, an infrared camera may be installed in the hopper 10h to monitor the temperature of specific parts of the crushing chamber X (e.g., the rotor 20, the rotating blade 30, the fixed blades 50, 50', etc.), and the crusher D may be completely stopped if abnormal heat generation is detected.

[0126] In the above embodiment, no water sprinkler is provided in the hopper 10h, but if necessary, a water sprinkler may be provided in the hopper 10h to sprinkle water into the hopper 10h at a predetermined timing. In this case, even if dust scatters in the hopper 10h or the crushing chamber X during the crushing process or the rotating blade 30 and the fixed blade 50, 50' heat up due to friction, the scattering of dust and the heating of the rotating blade 30 and the fixed blade 50, 50' are effectively suppressed by the water sprinkler effect.

[0127] In addition, in the above embodiment, in urban areas where a large amount of bed mats BM are generated as crushable materials, the crusher D and sorting device S of the present invention are used as facilities permanently installed on the installation surface E, and in rural cities and towns where a small amount of bed mats B are generated, all or a major part of the crusher D and sorting device S of the present invention can be stored in a single container and transported to each city, town, or village as necessary so that each city, town, or village can use it jointly. [Explanation of symbols]

[0128] BM: bed mat as material to be crushed; B2: second bolt as fixing device; B2a: bolt head as outer end of fixing device; CL1, CL2: first and second gaps; CY: hydraulic cylinder as forward and backward drive device; D: crusher; M: motor as rotary drive source; P: pusher; X: crushing chamber; 10: crusher body; 14: bottom wall plate as protective plate; 18: screen as cover plate; 18s: slit as through hole; 20: rotor; 30: rotating blade; 50, 50′: fixed blade; 141: side edge of bottom wall plate; 141t, 141o: convex and concave portions of side edge

Claims

1. A crusher comprising: a rotor (20) having a plurality of rotary blades (30) protruding from its outer circumferential surface; a crusher body (10) having a crushing chamber (X) in which the rotor (20) is housed and rotatably supporting the rotor (20); a rotary drive source (M) for rotating the rotor (20); and a plurality of fixed blades (50, 50') each fixed to the crusher body (10) by a fixing device (B2) and capable of cooperating with the rotary blades (30) to crush material to be crushed (BM) in the crushing chamber (X) as the rotor (20) rotates, A protective plate (14) is fixed to the crusher body (10) such that its upper surface faces the crushing chamber (X), and a side edge portion (141) of the protective plate (14) on the rotor (20) side faces the outer circumferential surface of the rotor (20) with a first gap (CL1) therebetween; A crusher characterized in that the side edge portion (141) of the protective plate (14) has at least one convex portion (141t) that covers a part of at least one of the fixed blades (50, 50') and an outer end portion (B2a) of the fixing device (B2) that fixes the at least one fixed blade (50, 50') to the crusher body (10).

2. The plurality of fixed blades (50, 50') are fixed to the crusher body (10) at positions aligned substantially along the axis of the rotor (20); A cover plate (18) is fixed to the crusher body (10) to cover the outer periphery of the lower half of the rotor (20), and a second gap (CL2) is formed between the opposing circumferential surfaces of the cover plate (18) and the rotor (20) into which the crushed pieces crushed by the cooperation can flow. The cover plate (18) is provided with a plurality of through holes (18s) for passing through crushed pieces of a predetermined size or smaller, The crusher according to claim 1, wherein the side edge portion (141) of the protective plate (14) has at least two or more of the protrusions (141t).

3. The crusher according to claim 2, characterized in that a recess (141o) that allows a part of the rotating blade (30) to pass through in the rotation direction is formed between at least two adjacent protrusions (141t) among the at least two or more protrusions (141t).

4. Between at least two adjacent protrusions (141t) among the at least two or more protrusions (141t), a recess (141o) is formed that allows a part of the rotary blade (30) to pass therethrough in the rotation direction, 3. The crusher according to claim 2, characterized in that, when viewed in a projection plane perpendicular to the plate surface of the protective plate (14), the convex portion (141t) is located on the rotor (20) side, and the concave portion (141o) is located on the opposite side to the rotor (20) across a reference line (L) that exists within an area between a first imaginary straight line (L1) that passes through an outer end of the rotating blade (30) in the rotor radial direction and extends parallel to the axis and a second imaginary straight line (L2) that connects center lines of the fixing devices (B2) when the rotating blade (30) is closest to the corresponding fixed blade (50).

5. 3. The crusher according to claim 2, wherein the plurality of rotary blades (30) are fixed to the outer circumferential surface of the rotor (20) at different positions in the circumferential and axial directions.

6. 3. The crusher according to claim 2, further comprising: a pusher (P) provided in the crusher body (10) capable of moving forward and backward within the crushing chamber (X) toward the rotor (20) and capable of pushing the object to be crushed (BM) toward the rotor (20); and a forward and backward drive device (CY) for driving the pusher (P) forward and backward.

7. The crusher according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the protective plate is a bottom wall plate (14) whose upper surface is fixed to the crusher body (10) so as to form at least a part of the bottom surface of the crushing chamber (X).

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