Vibration monitoring device, supercharger and vibration monitoring method

Abstract

To provide a vibration monitoring device capable of accurately acquiring vibration components of a rotating body of rotating machinery without using equipment with high computing power, a supercharger equipped with the vibration monitoring device, and a vibration monitoring method.SOLUTION: A vibration monitoring device to monitor vibrations of a rotating body including an impeller part of rotating machinery, includes: a rotation sensor arranged with an interval in a radial direction to the impeller, which is configured so as to output rotation signals synchronized with the rotation of the rotating body and change the output of the rotation signals according to the distance between the impeller part and the rotation sensor; a segment acquisition part that acquires multiple segments of which output exceeds a predetermined threshold among the rotation signals; and a vibration signal acquisition part that detects a peak value from each of the multiple segments and acquires a vibration signal as a signal related to the vibration of the impeller part based on the change of the peak value.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a vibration monitoring device for monitoring vibration of a rotating body of a rotary machine, a turbocharger including the vibration monitoring device, and a vibration monitoring method. [Background technology]

[0002] Rotary machines such as turbomachines are provided with an impeller that rotates integrally with a rotor. This impeller has a plurality of blades and is housed in a casing (see, for example, Patent Document 1). Patent Document 1 discloses an invention that uses a single rotation sensor disposed on the outer periphery of an impeller (the impeller of a centrifugal compressor) with a clearance between it and the impeller to obtain the rotation speed, vibration, and clearance of the impeller (rotating body). [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] JP 2013-224847 A Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] In the invention described in Patent Document 1, when detecting a peak value at which the clearance between the rotation sensor and the impeller is minimal from the output from the rotation sensor, there is a possibility that the detection accuracy is not good if an analog circuit is used. In addition, when the output from the rotation sensor is digitally processed using a computer such as an electronic control device, the output from the rotation sensor is stored in a storage unit as time-series data, and then peak values ​​are detected from the time-series data to detect the vibration waveform. The detection of the peak value and the vibration waveform depends on the signal processing (processing speed of calculations) of the electronic control device, so a device with a relatively high calculation capacity is required, which causes a problem of increased cost for the monitoring device itself.

[0005] In view of the above circumstances, at least one embodiment of the present disclosure aims to provide a vibration monitoring device that can accurately acquire vibration components of a rotating body of a rotating machine without using equipment with high computing power, a turbocharger equipped with the vibration monitoring device, and a vibration monitoring method. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] A vibration monitoring device according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure includes: A vibration monitoring device for monitoring vibration of a rotor including an impeller of a rotary machine, comprising: a rotation sensor disposed at a distance from the impeller in the radial direction, the rotation sensor outputting a rotation signal synchronized with the rotation of the rotor, and configured such that the output of the rotation signal changes depending on the distance between the impeller and the rotation sensor; a segment acquisition unit that acquires, from the rotation signal, a plurality of segments whose output exceeds a predetermined threshold; The vibration signal acquisition unit detects peak values ​​from each of the plurality of segments and acquires a vibration signal that is a signal related to vibration of the impeller portion based on a change in the peak value.

[0007] The turbocharger according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure includes: The vibration monitoring device; a compressor including the impeller portion provided at one end of the rotor; and a turbine provided at the other end of the rotor.

[0008] A vibration monitoring method according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure includes: A vibration monitoring method for monitoring vibration of a rotating body including an impeller portion of a rotary machine, comprising: a rotation signal output step of outputting a rotation signal synchronized with the rotation of the rotor to a rotation sensor disposed at a radial distance between the impeller portion and the rotation sensor, the rotation signal being changed according to the distance between the impeller portion and the rotation sensor; a segment acquisition step of acquiring a plurality of segments of the rotation signal, the plurality of segments each having an output exceeding a predetermined threshold; The method further includes a vibration signal acquisition unit step of detecting a peak value from each of the plurality of segments and acquiring a vibration signal that is a signal related to the vibration of the impeller portion based on a change in the peak value. Effect of the Invention

[0009] According to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, there are provided a vibration monitoring device capable of accurately acquiring vibration components of a rotating body of a rotating machine without using equipment with high computing power, a turbocharger including the vibration monitoring device, and a vibration monitoring method. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0010] [Figure 1] 1 is a diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of a rotating machine equipped with a vibration monitoring device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram for explaining an arrangement of a rotation sensor according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Diagram 3] FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram for explaining an output of a rotation sensor according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 4] FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a plurality of segments according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Diagram 5] FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a vibration signal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 6] 4 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a pulse signal and a rotation pulse signal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. [Figure 7] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating the amplitude-frequency characteristics of a bandpass filter. [Figure 8] FIG. 1 is a flow diagram illustrating an example of a vibration monitoring method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0011] Hereinafter, some embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the dimensions, materials, shapes, relative arrangements, etc. of components described as the embodiments or shown in the drawings are merely illustrative examples and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure.

[0012] (Rotating Machinery) 1 is a diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of a rotating machine 2 equipped with a vibration monitoring device 1 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Each of the vibration monitoring device 1 and vibration monitoring method according to some embodiments is intended to monitor vibration of a rotating body 21 of the rotating machine 2. The rotating machine 2 is configured to rotate the rotating body 21 about a central axis CA. The rotating machine 2 includes the rotating body 21, a bearing 22 that rotatably supports the rotating body 21, and a casing 23 that houses the rotating body 21 and the bearing 22. The bearing 22 is supported by the casing 23. The casing 23 is configured to remain stationary (not rotate) even when the rotating body 21 rotates.

[0013] In the following embodiment, a turbocharger 2A will be described as an example of the rotating machine 2, more specifically, an exhaust turbocharger that is mounted on a ship and that supercharges the intake air of the engine. Note that the vibration monitoring device 1 and vibration monitoring method according to the present disclosure are also applicable to turbochargers 2A other than exhaust turbochargers and rotating machines 2 other than the turbocharger 2A. An example of the rotating machine 2 other than the turbocharger 2A is an electric compressor that is configured to be driven by an electric motor.

[0014] Hereinafter, the direction in which the central axis CA of the rotor 21 extends is defined as the axial direction of the rotor 21 (rotating machine 2), the direction perpendicular to the central axis CA is defined as the radial direction of the rotor 21 (rotating machine 2), and the circumferential direction around the central axis CA is defined as the circumferential direction of the rotor 21 (rotating machine 2). Hereinafter, the axial direction, radial direction, and circumferential direction of the rotor 21 (rotating machine 2) may be simply referred to as the axial direction, radial direction, and circumferential direction.

[0015] The rotor 21 includes a rotor shaft 24 extending along a central axis CA, and an impeller section 25 attached to the rotor shaft 24. In the illustrated embodiment, the rotor 21 of the turbocharger 2A includes the rotor shaft 24, a compressor 25A, and a turbine 25B. The compressor 25A is configured to compress intake air (e.g., air) guided to an engine (not shown). The turbine 25B is configured to be driven by the energy of exhaust gas discharged from the engine (not shown). In the illustrated embodiment, the compressor 25A is the impeller section 25, but the turbine 25B may be the impeller section 25.

[0016] The compressor 25A is provided on one axial side (left side in FIG. 1) of the rotating shaft 24, and the turbine 25B is provided on the other axial side (right side in FIG. 1) of the rotating shaft 24. The rotating shaft 24 coaxially connects the compressor 25A and the turbine 25B. The rotating shaft 24 is rotatably supported by the bearing 22 between the compressor 25A and the turbine 25B in the axial direction. With the rotating shaft 24 rotatably supported by the bearing 22, the rotating body 21 is rotatable about the central axis CA.

[0017] When the exhaust gas passes through the turbine 25B, the turbine 25B converts the energy of the exhaust gas into the rotational energy of the turbine 25B. The rotating shaft 24 and the compressor 25A connected to the turbine 25B rotate about a central axis CA together with the rotation of the turbine 25B.

[0018] (Impeller) FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram for explaining the arrangement of the rotation sensor 3 in one embodiment of the present disclosure. The symbol R in FIG. 2 indicates the rotation direction of the impeller section 25. As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the impeller section 25 has a hub 26 attached to the rotating shaft 24 and a plurality of blades (wings) 27 protruding from an outer circumferential surface 261 of the hub 26. Since the hub 26 of the impeller section 25 is mechanically fixed to the rotating shaft 24, the hub 26 and the plurality of blades 27 can rotate integrally with the rotating shaft 24. The plurality of blades 27 are provided at intervals from each other in the circumferential direction. Each of the plurality of blades 27 has a hub side end 271 which is a base end of the blade 27 and is connected to the outer circumferential surface 261 of the hub 26, and a tip side end 272 which is a tip end of the blade 27. The hub-side end 271 is an end on one side (radially inner side) in the span direction of the blade 27, and the tip-side end 272 is an end on the other side (radially outer side) in the span direction of the blade 27. The span direction is a direction connecting the hub-side end 271 and the tip-side end 272 at each dimensionless meridian plane length position.

[0019] In the illustrated embodiment, the compressor 25A is a centrifugal compressor configured to guide the intake air guided from the one side in the axial direction to the outside in the radial direction. The outer peripheral surface 261 of the hub 26 is formed in a concave curved shape in which the distance from the central axis CA increases from the one side to the other side in the axial direction.

[0020] (Rotation Sensor) As shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the rotation sensor 3 is disposed with a radial gap (clearance) between it and the impeller portion 25. The rotation sensor 3 is disposed on the outer circumferential side of the plurality of blades 27, specifically, in a range in the axial direction in which the plurality of blades 27 are present. The rotation sensor 3 is fixed in position by being supported by the casing 23 or the like. The rotation sensor 3 is configured to output a rotation signal A synchronized with the rotation of the rotor 21. The rotation sensor 3 is configured such that the output of the rotation signal A changes according to a distance D between the impeller portion 25 and the rotation sensor 3. In the following embodiment, a case will be described in which the output (output signal) from the rotation sensor 3 is a voltage value, but the output (output signal) from the rotation sensor 3 may be a current value.

[0021] The rotation sensor 3 may be, for example, a magnetic sensor capable of detecting changes in the magnetic field from the plurality of blades 27, or an optical sensor that detects the distance to the plurality of blades 27 by reflected light of a laser beam.

[0022] In one embodiment, the rotation sensor 3 is an eddy current type displacement sensor configured to detect the distance to the blades 27 by generating eddy currents in the multiple blades 27. The eddy current type displacement sensor is configured with a coil that generates high-frequency magnetic flux, and detects changes in eddy currents generated in the multiple blades 27, which are targets (objects to be measured), by the high-frequency magnetic flux generated from the coil, as changes in the impedance of the coil. In other words, the eddy current type displacement sensor detects changes in the distance D associated with the rotation of the impeller portion 25 as changes in the impedance of the coil.

[0023] In one embodiment, the rotation sensor 3 is a laser displacement sensor that has a laser head that emits laser light, and irradiates the laser light from the laser head onto a plurality of blades 27 and detects the distance from the laser head to the blades 27 based on the reflected light of the laser light.

[0024] Fig. 3 is an explanatory diagram for explaining the output of the rotation sensor 3 in one embodiment of the present disclosure. In Fig. 3, the output waveform of the rotation sensor 3 is shown in a graph with time on the horizontal axis and the output of the rotation sensor 3 (e.g., a voltage value) on the vertical axis. The output (output signal) from the rotation sensor 3 is synchronized with the rotation of the impeller portion 25. During one rotation of the impeller portion 25, an output according to the distance D between each of the multiple blades 27 and the rotation sensor 3 is obtained from the rotation sensor 3.

[0025] In the embodiment shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, the impeller section 25 includes eleven blades 27. References N1 to N11 in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 indicate positions where the distance between each of the blades 27 and the rotation sensor 3 is the smallest. These positions N1 to N11 are located on the tip end 272. It is preferable that these positions N1 to N11 have the same or substantially the same radial distance from the central axis CA. Here, "substantially the same radial distance from the central axis CA" means that when the radial distance D1 from the central axis CA of any one of the positions N1 to N11 is defined as the radial distance D2 from the central axis CA of another position of the positions N1 to N11, the condition of 0.95D1≦D2≦1.05D1 is satisfied.

[0026] 3, the rotation sensor 3 is configured such that the output (voltage value) of the rotation sensor 3 increases as the distance D between the plurality of blades 27 and the rotation sensor 3 decreases. The tip end 272 of each of the plurality of blades 27 is closest to the rotation sensor 3. Therefore, the rotation sensor 3 is configured to obtain a peak value (maximum value) output (voltage value) at the tip end 272 of each of the plurality of blades 27. Therefore, during one rotation of the impeller portion 25, the rotation sensor 3 is configured to obtain the same number of peak values ​​(maximum values) as the number of blades 27.

[0027] As shown in FIG. 1, a vibration monitoring device 1 according to some embodiments includes at least the above-mentioned rotation sensor 3, a segment acquisition unit 4, and a vibration signal acquisition unit 5. The segment acquisition unit 4 is electrically connected to the rotation sensor 3, and is capable of acquiring a rotation signal A, which is an output value of the rotation sensor 3. In the illustrated embodiment, each of the segment acquisition unit 4 and the vibration signal acquisition unit 5 is configured with an analog circuit that can be manufactured relatively inexpensively. Each of the segment acquisition unit 4 and the vibration signal acquisition unit 5 may be configured with a computer such as an electronic control device. This computer includes a processor such as a CPU or GPU, a memory such as a ROM or RAM, and an I / O interface, which are not shown. The segment acquisition unit 4 and the vibration signal acquisition unit 5 configured with a computer realize each functional unit included in the segment acquisition unit 4 and the vibration signal acquisition unit 5 by the processor operating (calculating, etc.) according to the instructions of a program loaded in the memory. The segment acquisition unit 4 and the vibration signal acquisition unit 5 may be functional units included in a single electronic control device.

[0028] (Segment Acquisition Section) FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a plurality of segments S in an embodiment of the present disclosure. In FIG. 4, an output waveform (signal waveform) of the segment acquisition unit 4 is shown in a graph with time on the horizontal axis and the output (e.g., voltage value) of the segment acquisition unit 4 on the vertical axis. The segment acquisition unit 4 is configured to acquire a plurality of segments S (S1 to S11) whose output exceeds a predetermined threshold value TL, out of the rotation signal A output from the rotation sensor 3. When the output (output signal) from the rotation sensor 3 is a voltage value, it is preferable that the threshold value TL is also a voltage value. Furthermore, when the output (output signal) from the rotation sensor 3 is a current value, it is preferable that the threshold value TL is also a current value.

[0029] The segment acquisition unit 4 starts acquiring the rotation signal A from the point when the rotation signal A output from the rotation sensor 3 exceeds a predetermined threshold value TL. The segment acquisition unit 4 continues acquiring the rotation signal A until the rotation signal A output from the rotation sensor 3 exceeds a peak value (maximum value) and decreases to the predetermined threshold value TL. Each of the multiple segments S (S1 to S11) is the rotation signal A from the above-mentioned starting point to the end point where the rotation signal A decreases to the predetermined threshold value TL.

[0030] The segment acquisition unit 4 does not need to acquire the rotation signal A during the period between each of the multiple segments S (S1 to S11), i.e., during the period when the rotation signal A output from the rotation sensor 3 is equal to or less than a predetermined threshold value TL. The segment acquisition unit 4 may output a preset value (e.g., zero voltage) during the period between each of the multiple segments S (S1 to S11), or may block the output. The vibration signal acquisition unit 5 is electrically connected to the segment acquisition unit 4 and is capable of acquiring the output value of the segment acquisition unit 4. The output of the segment acquisition unit 4 includes the multiple segments S (S1 to S11).

[0031] (Vibration signal acquisition unit) FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a vibration signal in an embodiment of the present disclosure. In FIG. 5, a signal waveform acquired from the vibration signal C is shown in a graph with time on the horizontal axis and the vibration signal C output from the vibration signal acquisition unit 5 on the vertical axis. The vibration signal C includes information on the amplitude AP (see FIG. 4) of the vibration signal C. The vibration signal acquisition unit 5 is configured to detect peak values ​​PV (PV1 to PV11) from each of the multiple segments S (S1 to S11) acquired by the above-mentioned segment acquisition unit 4. The vibration signal acquisition unit 5 is configured to acquire a vibration signal C based on changes in the multiple peak values ​​PV (PV1 to PV11) detected from the multiple segments S (S1 to S11). The vibration signal C is a signal from which information on the vibration of the impeller unit 25 described above can be acquired. The information on the vibration is, for example, the frequency, the magnitude of the vibration, or the speed of the vibration.

[0032] According to the above configuration, the peak value PV (PV1 to PV11) can be detected from each of the multiple segments S (S1 to S11), and the vibration signal C according to the change in the peak value PV can be obtained. That is, among the time series data of the rotation signal A, those whose output does not meet the above-mentioned predetermined threshold value TL can be excluded from the detection target of the peak value PV, and each of the multiple segments S can be set as the detection target of the peak value PV. In this case, compared to the case where the peak value PV is directly detected from the time series data of the rotation signal A, the detection target of the peak value PV can be limited, so that the peak value PV can be obtained more accurately. By accurately acquiring the peak value PV, the vibration component of the rotating body 21 of the rotating machine 2 can be obtained accurately. In addition, according to the above configuration, the detection target of the peak value PV can be limited, so that it is possible to detect the peak value PV and obtain the vibration signal C without using a device with high computing power that is required when detecting the peak value PV directly from the time series data of the rotation signal A.

[0033] In the vibration monitoring device 1 according to some embodiments, as shown in Fig. 5, the first peak value PVA of the plurality of peak values ​​PV (PV1 to PV11) is held for a period from the first peak value PVA to the second peak value PVB that is next to the first peak value PVA. For example, in the period from when the peak value PV1 is acquired to when the peak value PV2 is acquired, the peak value PV1 becomes the vibration signal C. That is, as shown in Fig. 5, the signal waveform acquired from the vibration signal C is such that each of the plurality of peak values ​​PV (PV1 to PV11) changes in a step-like manner.

[0034] According to the above configuration, the peak value PV (PVA) is held between the multiple peak values ​​PV (PVA, PVB), which makes it easy to acquire the vibration signal C. Therefore, the vibration signal acquisition unit 5 can acquire the vibration signal C from the multiple segments S without using a device with high computing power.

[0035] In the vibration monitoring device 1 according to some embodiments, when the above-mentioned threshold value is defined as TL and the above-mentioned design peak value of the impeller section 25 is defined as SP, the threshold value TL satisfies the condition 40%SP≦TL≦60%SP. The design peak value SP may be set based on steady test data, or may be set based on past actual values, experimental values, numerical analysis results, etc. other than steady test data.

[0036] According to the above configuration, there is no problem in excluding from the detection target of the peak value PV those whose output is less than half or approximately half (40%SP≦TL≦60%SP) of the design peak value SP of the impeller section 25. In this case, since the detection target of the peak value PV can be effectively limited, the peak value PV can be obtained with high accuracy.

[0037] 1, a vibration monitoring device 1 according to some embodiments further includes a filter command value output unit 6 and a bandpass filter 7. The filter command value output unit 6 is electrically connected to the rotation sensor 3 and is capable of acquiring a rotation signal A which is an output value of the rotation sensor 3. The bandpass filter 7 is electrically connected to the vibration signal acquisition unit 5 and the filter command value output unit 6 and is capable of acquiring a vibration signal C which is an output value of the vibration signal acquisition unit 5 and a filter command value B which is an output value of the filter command value output unit 6.

[0038] (Filter command value output section) The filter command value output unit 6 outputs a filter command value B corresponding to the rotation speed N of the rotating body 21 calculated from the rotation signal A. The filter command value output unit 6 is a computer such as an electronic control device, and includes a processor such as a CPU or GPU (not shown), memories such as a ROM and RAM, an I / O interface, etc. The filter command value output unit 6 realizes each functional unit provided in the filter command value output unit 6 by the processor operating (calculating, etc.) according to the instructions of a program loaded in the memory.

[0039] In the illustrated embodiment, the filter command value output unit 6 includes a rectifier 61, a frequency divider 62, a rotation speed calculator 63, and a converter 64, as shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 6 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a pulse signal F and a rotation pulse signal G in one embodiment of the present disclosure. Fig. 6 shows one cycle of a rotation signal A, and a pulse signal F and a rotation pulse signal G corresponding to the rotation signal A.

[0040] Rectifier 61 rectifies rotation signal A output by rotation sensor 3 and converts it into a pulse signal F including pulses (portion F1 where the displacement of the waveform changes greatly) equal to the number of blades 27 during one rotation of rotor 21. Frequency divider 62 divides the frequency of pulse signal F converted by rectifier 61 and converts it into a rotation pulse signal G including one pulse (portion G1 where the displacement of the waveform changes greatly) during one rotation of rotor 21.

[0041] The rotation speed calculator 63 calculates the rotation speed N of the rotor 21 based on the rotation pulse signal G converted by the frequency divider 62. For example, the rotation speed calculator 63 counts the number of pulses included in the rotation pulse signal G per unit time, and calculates the rotation speed N of the rotor 21 based on the number of pulses per unit time. The converter 64 receives the rotation speed N of the rotor 21 calculated by the rotation speed calculator 63 and outputs a filter command value B corresponding to the rotation speed N. The filter command value B output from the converter 64 may change from moment to moment in response to the rotation signal A and the rotation speed N, which change from moment to moment. In the illustrated embodiment, the filter command value B is a voltage value obtained by converting the rotation speed N of the rotor 21 using a conversion method set in advance. In some embodiments, the filter command value B may be a current value obtained by converting the rotation speed N of the rotor 21 using a conversion method set in advance.

[0042] (Bandpass filter) The bandpass filter 7 receives the vibration signal C acquired from the vibration signal acquisition unit 5 and the filter command value B acquired from the filter command value output unit 6 (converter 64), and extracts a signal in a passband including a center frequency FB set according to the filter command value B from the vibration signal C as a rotation-synchronized vibration signal E, which is a signal related to vibration synchronized with the rotation of the impeller unit 25. The bandpass filter 7 outputs the rotation-synchronized vibration signal E. The rotation-synchronized vibration signal E is a signal from which information on vibration synchronized with the rotation of the impeller unit 25 described above can be acquired. The information on vibration synchronized with the rotation is, for example, the frequency, the magnitude of vibration, or the speed of vibration. The rotation-synchronized vibration signal E includes information on the amplitude and phase angle of the rotation-synchronized vibration signal E. The phase angle of the rotation-synchronized vibration signal E corresponds to the phase angle of the rotation signal A and the phase angle of the vibration signal C, as shown in FIG. 5.

[0043] Fig. 7 is a diagram showing the amplitude-frequency characteristics of the band-pass filter 7. In Fig. 7, the horizontal axis represents frequency shown on a logarithmic scale, and the vertical axis represents decibel values. In Fig. 7, V1 represents the characteristics of the band-pass filter 7 when the voltage value (filter command value B) is 0.1 V, V2 represents the characteristics of the band-pass filter 7 when the voltage value is 1 V, and V3 represents the characteristics of the band-pass filter 7 when the voltage value is 10 V.

[0044] In FIG. 7, the decibel value corresponds to the signal strength, and if the decibel value is less than 0, the band pass filter 7 7, the rotation-synchronized vibration signal E extracted by the band-pass filter 7 is attenuated. As shown in FIG. 7, for each voltage value (V1 to V3), the decibel value decreases as the frequency moves away from the center frequency FB of the pass band of the band-pass filter 7, and the attenuation rate of the rotation-synchronized vibration signal E increases. This center frequency FB is set according to the filter command value B (a value corresponding to the rotation speed N) acquired from the converter 64 of the filter command value output unit 6. Specifically, this center frequency FB is set so as to match or approximately match the rotation speed N calculated by the rotation speed calculator 63 of the filter command value output unit 6. For example, the band-pass filter 7 may attenuate the rotation-synchronized vibration signal E so as to satisfy 0.8N≦FB≦1.2N according to the filter command value B. Also, when the rotation speed N is proportional to the filter command value B, the center frequency FB may be set so that the filter command value B is proportional to the center frequency FB. Also, the upper and lower limits of the pass band of the band-pass filter 7 are set on both sides of the center frequency FB according to the filter command value B.

[0045] According to the above configuration, by setting the center frequency FB of the passband of the bandpass filter 7 to be the same or approximately the same as the rotation speed N of the impeller section 25 (rotor 21), the bandpass filter 7 can extract the rotation-synchronized vibration signal E from the vibration signal C with high accuracy. Vibrations synchronized with the rotation of the impeller section 25 (rotor 21) (vibrations having a frequency equal to or approximately equal to the rotation speed) can be evaluated with high accuracy based on the rotation-synchronized vibration signal E. This makes it possible to evaluate and determine unbalance of the rotor 21 of the rotating machine 2 (for example, unbalance due to scale adhesion), bending of the rotating shaft 24 which is the rotation axis of the rotor 21, contact between the rotor 21 and a stationary body (casing 23), etc., and makes it possible to propose optimal maintenance of the rotating machine 2 and prevent failures of the rotating machine in advance.

[0046] In the vibration monitoring device 1 according to some embodiments, if the center frequency of the above-mentioned bandpass filter 7 is FB and the rotation speed of the above-mentioned rotor 21 is N, then 0.8N≦FB≦1.2N is satisfied. In this case, the center frequency FB of the pass band of the bandpass filter 7 is set to be the same or substantially the same (0.8N≦FB≦1.2N) as the rotation speed N of the impeller portion 25 (rotor 21), so that the bandpass filter 7 can extract the rotation-synchronous vibration signal E from the vibration signal C with high accuracy.

[0047] In the vibration monitoring device 1 according to some embodiments, the above-mentioned filter command value B is a voltage value or current value obtained by converting the rotation speed N of the rotating body 21 calculated from the rotation signal A. In many cases, the cutoff frequency of the filter (bandpass filter 7) can be set according to the voltage value or current value. According to the above configuration, the pass band of the bandpass filter 7 can be set arbitrarily according to the rotation speed N. Furthermore, since the filter (bandpass filter 7) is generally commercially available at low cost, an increase in the cost of the vibration monitoring device 1 can be suppressed.

[0048] (Vibration signal display) As shown in FIG. 1, the vibration monitoring device 1 according to some embodiments further includes a display unit 11. The display unit 11 is electrically connected to the vibration signal acquisition unit 5 and is capable of acquiring a vibration signal C that is an output value of the vibration signal acquisition unit 5. The display unit 11 is configured to display the amplitude of the vibration signal C, i.e., the vibration waveform of the vibration signal C, based on the vibration signal C acquired from the vibration signal acquisition unit 5. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the display unit 11 is configured to display the amplitude of the vibration signal C on a display device (display) 111, but the amplitude of the vibration signal C may be displayed on a device other than the display device 111. The display unit 11 may be configured to change the amplitude of the vibration signal C displayed on the display device 111 from moment to moment in accordance with the output value of the vibration signal acquisition unit 5 that changes from moment to moment.

[0049] According to the above configuration, the amplitude of the total vibration of the impeller portion 25 (rotor 21) can be detected and displayed on the display unit 11. A viewer viewing the display displayed by the display unit 11 can evaluate the vibration of the impeller portion 25 (rotor 21) with high accuracy based on the amplitude of the total vibration of the impeller portion 25 (rotor 21) displayed by the display unit 11.

[0050] (Display of rotation-synchronous vibration signal) The vibration monitoring device 1 according to some embodiments further includes a display unit 12 as shown in FIG. 1. The display unit 12 is electrically connected to the bandpass filter 7 and is capable of acquiring the rotation-synchronized vibration signal E, which is the output value of the bandpass filter 7. The display unit 12 is configured to display the amplitude and phase angle of the rotation-synchronized vibration signal E, i.e., the vibration waveform of the rotation-synchronized vibration signal E, based on the rotation-synchronized vibration signal E acquired from the bandpass filter 7. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the display unit 12 is configured to display the amplitude and phase angle of the rotation-synchronized vibration signal E on a display device (display) 121, but the amplitude and phase angle of the rotation-synchronized vibration signal E may be displayed on a device other than the display device 121 (for example, the display device 111). The display unit 12 may be configured to change the amplitude and phase angle of the rotation-synchronized vibration signal E displayed on the display device 111 from time to time in accordance with the output value of the bandpass filter 7, which changes from time to time.

[0051] According to the above configuration, the amplitude and phase of the rotation-synchronous vibration (vibration having a frequency one times the rotation frequency), which is vibration synchronized with the rotation of the impeller portion 25 (rotor 21), can be detected and displayed on the display portion 12. A viewer viewing the display displayed by the display portion 12 can evaluate the vibration synchronized with the rotation of the impeller portion 25 (rotor 21) with high accuracy based on the amplitude and phase of the rotation-synchronous vibration displayed by the display portion 12, and can perform, for example, judgment of the critical speed of the shaft system of the rotating machine 2, a contact event, the above-mentioned unbalance, and the like with high accuracy.

[0052] (Vibration monitoring method) Fig. 8 is a flow diagram showing an example of a vibration monitoring method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 8, the vibration monitoring method according to some embodiments includes a rotation signal output step S100, a segment acquisition step S200, and a vibration signal acquisition unit step S300. In the rotation signal output step S100, the rotation sensor 3 is caused to output a rotation signal A whose output changes according to the distance D from the impeller portion 25.

[0053] In the segment acquisition step S200, among the rotation signal A output from the rotation sensor 3 in the rotation signal output step S100, the above-mentioned multiple segments S in which the output of the rotation signal A exceeds a predetermined threshold (trigger level) TL are acquired. Specifically, when the output of the rotation signal A exceeds the predetermined threshold TL ("Yes" in S201), the rotation signal A is acquired (S202). This acquisition of the rotation signal A is continued while the state in which the output of the rotation signal A exceeds the predetermined threshold TL continues. When the output of the rotation signal A does not meet the predetermined threshold TL ("No" in S201), the rotation signal A is not acquired. The segment acquisition step S200 may be performed by the above-mentioned segment acquisition unit 4, or may be performed by a computer such as an electronic control device other than the segment acquisition unit 4.

[0054] In the vibration signal acquisition unit step S300, a peak value PV is detected from each of the multiple segments S acquired in the segment acquisition step S200 (S301), and a vibration signal C, which is a signal related to the vibration of the impeller section 25, is acquired based on a change in the detected peak value PV (S302). In the vibration signal acquisition unit step S300, each time a new segment S is acquired in the segment acquisition step S200, detection of the peak value PV corresponding to the new segment S and acquisition of the vibration signal C may be performed. The vibration signal acquisition unit step S300 may be performed by the vibration signal acquisition unit 5 described above, or may be performed by a computer other than the vibration signal acquisition unit 5, such as an electronic control device.

[0055] According to the above method, the peak value PV (PV1 to PV11) can be detected from each of the multiple segments S (S1 to S11), and the vibration signal C according to the change in the peak value PV can be obtained. That is, among the time series data of the rotation signal A, those whose output does not meet the above-mentioned predetermined threshold value TL can be excluded from the detection target of the peak value PV, and each of the multiple segments S can be set as the detection target of the peak value PV. In this case, compared to the case where the peak value PV is directly detected from the time series data of the rotation signal A, the detection target of the peak value PV can be limited, so that the peak value PV can be obtained more accurately. By accurately obtaining the peak value PV, the vibration component of the rotating body 21 of the rotating machine 2 can be obtained accurately. Furthermore, according to the above configuration, the detection target of the peak value PV can be limited, so that it is possible to detect the peak value PV and obtain the vibration signal C without using a device with high computing power that is required when detecting the peak value PV directly from the time series data of the rotation signal A.

[0056] 1, a turbocharger 2A according to some embodiments includes the vibration monitoring device 1 described above, a compressor 25A including an impeller portion 25 provided at one end of the rotor 21 described above, and a turbine 25B provided at the other end of the rotor 21 described above. In this case, it is possible to acquire a vibration signal C of the rotor 21 of the turbocharger 2A from a rotation signal A of the impeller portion 25 of the turbocharger 2A without using a device with high computing power.

[0057] In this specification, expressions expressing relative or absolute configuration, such as "in a certain direction," "along a certain direction," "parallel," "orthogonal," "center," "concentric," or "coaxial," do not only strictly represent such a configuration, but also represent a state in which there is a relative displacement with a tolerance or an angle or distance to the extent that the same function is obtained. For example, expressions indicating that things are in an equal state, such as "identical," "equal," and "homogeneous," not only indicate a state of strict equality, but also indicate a state in which there is a tolerance or a difference to the extent that the same function is obtained. Furthermore, in this specification, expressions describing shapes such as a rectangular shape or a cylindrical shape do not only refer to shapes such as a rectangular shape or a cylindrical shape in the strict geometric sense, but also refer to shapes that include uneven portions, chamfered portions, etc., to the extent that the same effect is obtained. In addition, in this specification, the expressions "comprise," "include," or "have" a certain element are not exclusive expressions that exclude the presence of other elements.

[0058] The present disclosure is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and includes modifications to the above-described embodiments and appropriate combinations of these modifications.

[0059] The contents described in the above-mentioned embodiments can be understood, for example, as follows.

[0060] 1) A vibration monitoring device (1) according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, A vibration monitoring device (1) for monitoring vibration of a rotor (21) including an impeller portion (25) of a rotary machine (2), comprising: a rotation sensor (3) disposed radially between the impeller portion (25) and the rotation sensor (3), the rotation sensor (3) outputting a rotation signal (A) synchronized with the rotation of the rotor (21) and configured such that the output of the rotation signal (A) changes depending on a distance (D) between the impeller portion (25) and the rotation sensor (3); a segment acquisition unit (4) for acquiring a plurality of segments (S) of the rotation signal (A) whose output exceeds a predetermined threshold value (TL); and a vibration signal acquisition unit (5) that detects a peak value (PV) from each of the plurality of segments (S) and acquires a vibration signal (C) that is a signal related to the vibration of the impeller portion (25) based on a change in the peak value (PV).

[0061] According to the above configuration 1), the peak value (PV) can be detected from each of the multiple segments (S), and the vibration signal (C) corresponding to the change in the peak value (PV) can be acquired. That is, among the time series data of the rotation signal (A), those whose output does not meet the above-mentioned predetermined threshold value (TL) can be excluded from the detection target of the peak value (PV), and each of the multiple segments (S) can be set as the detection target of the peak value (PV). In this case, compared to the case where the peak value (PV) is directly detected from the time series data of the rotation signal (A), the detection target of the peak value (PV) can be limited, so that the peak value (PV) can be acquired more accurately. By acquiring the peak value (PV) with high accuracy, the vibration component of the rotating body (21) of the rotating machine (2) can be acquired with high accuracy. Furthermore, according to the above configuration 1), the detection target of the peak value (PV) can be limited, so that it is possible to detect the peak value (PV) and acquire the vibration signal (C) without using a device with high computing power that is required when detecting the peak value (PV) directly from the time series data of the rotation signal (A).

[0062] 2) In some embodiments, the vibration monitoring device (1) described in 1) above, a filter command value output unit (6) that outputs a filter command value (B) corresponding to a rotation speed of the rotating body (21) calculated from the rotation signal (A); The frequency converter further includes a band-pass filter (7) which, when receiving the vibration signal (C) and the filter command value (B), extracts, from the vibration signal (C), a signal in a pass band including a center frequency (FB) that is set according to the filter command value (B), as a rotation-synchronous vibration signal (E), which is a signal related to vibration synchronized with the rotation of the impeller portion (25).

[0063] According to the above configuration 2), by setting the center frequency (FB) of the pass band of the band pass filter (7) to be the same or approximately the same as the rotation speed (N) of the impeller portion (25, rotor 21), the band pass filter (7) can accurately extract the rotation synchronous vibration signal (E) from the vibration signal (C). Based on the rotation synchronous vibration signal (E), the vibration synchronized with the rotation of the impeller portion (25, rotor 21) (vibration having a frequency equal to or approximately equal to the rotation speed) can be evaluated with high accuracy.

[0064] 3) In some embodiments, the vibration monitoring device (1) described in 1) or 2) above, The vibration signal (C) holds the first peak value (PVA) among the multiple peak values ​​(PV) from the first peak value (PVA) to the second peak value (PVB) next to the first peak value (PVA).

[0065] According to the above configuration 3), the peak value (PVA) is held between the multiple peak values ​​(PVA, PVB), which makes it easy to acquire the vibration signal (C). Therefore, the vibration signal acquisition unit (5) can acquire the vibration signal (C) from the multiple segments (S) without using a device with high computing power.

[0066] 4) In some embodiments, the vibration monitoring device (1) described in 2) above, If the center frequency is FB and the rotation speed of the rotor (21) is N, then 0.8N≦FB≦1.2N is satisfied.

[0067] According to the above configuration 4), the center frequency (FB) of the pass band of the band-pass filter (7) is set to be the same or approximately the same (0.8N≦FB≦1.2N) as the rotation speed (N) of the impeller portion (25, rotor 21). Therefore, the rotation-synchronous vibration signal (E) can be extracted with high accuracy from the vibration signal (C) by the band-pass filter (7).

[0068] 5) In some embodiments, the vibration monitoring device (1) described in 2) or 4) above, The device further includes a display unit (12) that displays the amplitude and phase angle of the rotation-synchronized vibration signal (E) based on the rotation-synchronized vibration signal (E).

[0069] According to the configuration of 5) above, the amplitude and phase of the rotation-synchronous vibration (vibration having a frequency one times the rotation frequency), which is vibration synchronized with the rotation of the impeller portion (25, rotor 21), can be detected and displayed on the display portion (12). A person viewing the display displayed by the display portion (12) can evaluate the vibration synchronized with the rotation of the impeller portion (25, rotor 21) with high accuracy based on the amplitude and phase of the rotation-synchronous vibration displayed by the display portion (12), and it becomes possible to determine, for example, the critical speed of the shaft system of the rotating machine (2), a contact event, the above-mentioned imbalance, and the like with high accuracy.

[0070] 6) In some embodiments, the vibration monitoring device (1) according to any one of 1) to 5) above, The device further includes a display unit (11) that displays the amplitude of the vibration signal (C) based on the vibration signal (C).

[0071] According to the above configuration 6), the amplitude of the total vibration of the impeller portion (25, rotor 21) can be detected and displayed on the display portion (11). A person viewing the display displayed on the display portion (11) can evaluate the vibration of the impeller portion (25, rotor 21) with high accuracy, based on the amplitude of the total vibration of the impeller portion (25, rotor 21) displayed on the display portion (11).

[0072] 7) In some embodiments, the vibration monitoring device (1) according to any one of 1) to 6) above, When the threshold value is defined as TL and the design peak value of the impeller portion (25) is defined as SP, the threshold value TL satisfies the condition 40%SP≦TL≦60%SP.

[0073] According to the above configuration 7), any output that is less than half or approximately half (40%SP≦TL≦60%SP) of the design peak value (SP) of the impeller section (25) can be excluded from the detection of the peak value (PV). In this case, the detection of the peak value (PV) can be effectively limited, and the peak value (PV) can be obtained with high accuracy.

[0074] 8) In some embodiments, the vibration monitoring device (1) according to any one of 2), 4) or 5) above, The filter command value (B) is a voltage value or a current value obtained by converting the rotation speed (N) of the rotating body (21) calculated from the rotation signal (A).

[0075] In many cases, the cutoff frequency of the filter (bandpass filter 7) can be set according to the voltage value or current value. According to the configuration of 8) above, the pass band of the bandpass filter (7) can be set arbitrarily according to the rotation speed (N). Moreover, since the filter (bandpass filter 7) is generally commercially available at low cost, it is possible to suppress an increase in the cost of the vibration monitoring device (1).

[0076] 9) The turbocharger (2A) according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure is A vibration monitoring device (1) according to any one of 1) to 8) above; a compressor (25A) including the impeller portion (25) provided at one end of the rotor (21); and a turbine (25B) provided at the other end of the rotor (21).

[0077] According to the above configuration 9), it is possible to acquire the vibration signal (C) of the rotor (21) of the turbocharger (2A) from the rotation signal (A) of the impeller portion (25) of the turbocharger (2A) without using a device with high computing power.

[0078] 10) A vibration monitoring method according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, A vibration monitoring method for monitoring vibration of a rotor (21) including an impeller portion (25) of a rotary machine (2), comprising: a rotation signal output step (S100) of causing a rotation sensor (3) disposed radially between the impeller portion (25) and the rotation sensor (3) to output a rotation signal (A) synchronized with the rotation of the rotor (21), the rotation signal (A) being changed in output in accordance with a distance (D) between the impeller portion (25) and the rotation sensor (3); a segment acquisition step (S200) of acquiring a plurality of segments (S) of the rotation signal (A) whose output exceeds a predetermined threshold value (TL); and a vibration signal acquisition unit step (S300) for detecting a peak value (PV) from each of the plurality of segments (S) and acquiring a vibration signal (C), which is a signal related to the vibration of the impeller portion (25) based on a change in the peak value (PV).

[0079] According to the method of 10), the peak value (PV) can be detected from each of the multiple segments (S), and the vibration signal (C) corresponding to the change in the peak value (PV) can be obtained. That is, among the time series data of the rotation signal (A), those whose output does not meet the predetermined threshold value (TL) can be excluded from the detection target of the peak value (PV), and each of the multiple segments (S) can be set as the detection target of the peak value (PV). In this case, compared to the case where the peak value (PV) is directly detected from the time series data of the rotation signal (A), the detection target of the peak value (PV) can be limited, so that the peak value (PV) can be obtained more accurately. By accurately acquiring the peak value (PV), the vibration component of the rotating body (21) of the rotating machine (2) can be obtained accurately. Moreover, according to the method of 10), the detection target of the peak value (PV) can be limited, so that it is possible to detect the peak value (PV) and obtain the vibration signal (C) without using a device with high computing power that is required when detecting the peak value (PV) directly from the time series data of the rotation signal (A). [Explanation of symbols]

[0080] 1 Vibration monitoring device 2 Rotating Machinery 2A Turbocharger 3 Rotation Sensor 4 Segment Acquisition Section 5. Vibration signal acquisition unit 6 Filter command value output section 7 Bandpass Filters 11,12 Display section 21 Rotating Body 22 Bearings 23 Casing 24 Rotating shaft 25 Impeller section 25A Compressor 25B Turbine 26 Hub 27 Feather 61 Rectifier 62 Frequency divider 63 Rotational speed calculator 64 Converter 111,121 Display device A Rotation signal AP amplitude B Filter command value C vibration signal CA center axis D Distance D1,D2 Radial distance E Rotation-synchronous vibration signal F Pulse signal FB center frequency G Rotation pulse signal N Number of revolutions N1~N11 position PV, PV1 to PV11 peak value PVA first peak value PVB 2nd peak value S segment S100 Rotation signal output step S200 Segment acquisition step S300 Vibration signal acquisition step SP design peak value TL Threshold

Claims

1. A vibration monitoring device for monitoring vibration of a rotor including an impeller of a rotary machine, comprising: a rotation sensor disposed at a distance from the impeller in the radial direction, the rotation sensor outputting a rotation signal synchronized with the rotation of the rotor, and configured such that the output of the rotation signal changes depending on the distance between the impeller and the rotation sensor; a segment acquisition unit that acquires, from the rotation signal, a plurality of segments whose output exceeds a predetermined threshold; a vibration signal acquisition unit that detects a peak value from each of the plurality of segments and acquires a vibration signal that is a signal related to vibration of the impeller portion based on a change in the peak value. Vibration monitoring equipment.

2. a filter command value output unit that outputs a filter command value corresponding to a rotation speed of the rotating body calculated from the rotation signal; a band pass filter that receives the vibration signal and the filter command value and extracts, from the vibration signal, a signal in a pass band including a center frequency set in accordance with the filter command value as a rotation synchronous vibration signal that is a signal related to vibration synchronized with the rotation of the impeller section.

2. The vibration monitoring device of claim 1.

3. the first peak value of the vibration signal is held from a first peak value of the plurality of peak values ​​to a second peak value that is next to the first peak value; 3. A vibration monitoring device according to claim 1 or 2.

4. When the center frequency is FB and the number of rotations of the rotor is N, 0.8N≦FB≦1.2N is satisfied.

3. The vibration monitoring device according to claim 2.

5. a display unit that displays an amplitude and a phase angle of the rotation-synchronized vibration signal based on the rotation-synchronized vibration signal, 5. A vibration monitoring device according to claim 2 or 4.

6. Further comprising a display unit that displays an amplitude of the vibration signal based on the vibration signal.

5. A vibration monitoring device according to claim 1, 2 or 4.

7. When the threshold value is defined as TL and the design peak value of the impeller portion is defined as SP, the threshold value TL satisfies the condition of 40% SP≦TL≦60% SP.

5. A vibration monitoring device according to claim 1, 2 or 4.

8. The filter command value is a voltage value or a current value obtained by converting the rotation speed of the rotating body calculated from the rotation signal. A vibration monitoring device according to claim 2 or 4.

9. A vibration monitoring device according to any one of claims 1, 2 and 4; a compressor including the impeller portion provided at one end of the rotor; A turbine provided at the other end of the rotor. Supercharger.

10. A vibration monitoring method for monitoring vibration of a rotating body including an impeller portion of a rotary machine, comprising: a rotation signal output step of outputting a rotation signal synchronized with the rotation of the rotor to a rotation sensor disposed at a radial distance between the impeller portion and the rotation sensor, the rotation signal being changed according to the distance between the impeller portion and the rotation sensor; a segment acquisition step of acquiring a plurality of segments of the rotation signal, the plurality of segments each having an output exceeding a predetermined threshold; a vibration signal acquisition unit step of detecting a peak value from each of the plurality of segments and acquiring a vibration signal that is a signal related to the vibration of the impeller portion based on a change in the peak value. Vibration monitoring method.

Images