Radome and radome design method

Abstract

To provide a method for designing a radome structure tuned to a specific flight path or multiple specific flight paths of an aircraft and the corresponding radome structure.SOLUTION: A method for designing a radome includes defining a set number N of flight paths FPN, each between a first city and a second city, determining an observation angle distribution (Lα-Dist) for each flight path FPN, calculating a combined observation angle distribution (Combo-Lα-Dist) for the set number N of flight paths FPN, determining a combined incidence angle distribution (Combo-Iα-Dist) corresponding to Combo-Lα-Dist, and adjusting at least one radome shell structural component of the radome to minimize electromagnetic degradation of electromagnetic waves intersecting the radome at angles within Combo-Iα-Dist.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a method for designing a radome structure and a corresponding radome structure, It is important to design a radome structure that is tailored to a specific flight path or multiple specific flight paths. This document relates to the method and corresponding radome structure. [Background technology]

[0002] Typically, radar and / or communication antennas are protected from adverse weather conditions by The antenna is covered by a radome to ensure continuous and accurate operation. may be in the form of thin-walled radomes, solid-walled radomes, and sandwich radomes. Thin-walled radomes are typically less than 2 mm thick and use increased air pressure or A support frame may be used to support the solid wall radome. A solid wall radome typically requires a heavier solid laminar The sandwich radome is made from a thin inner laminate layer and an outer laminate layer. The core material is typically a plastic foil. It has a foam structure or a honeycomb structure. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0003] Regardless of the material used to form the radome, the walls are generally spaced apart from the antenna. The structure of the radome degrades the signal strength of the electromagnetic waves transmitted through it. Although they are often designed to minimize such degradation, they are also used at certain angles of incidence. It is only optimized to operate with electromagnetic waves traveling through a radome at range. However, several radome shapes are available depending on the desired mechanical and aerodynamic properties. Since the angle of incidence of the electromagnetic wave traveling through the radome also changes with the surface area of ​​the shell through which the wave travels. It changes depending on the position, and when installed on an aircraft, it travels through the radome. The angle of incidence of the electromagnetic waves depends on the flight of the aircraft relative to the signal origin or destination point (i.e., the satellite). It varies according to the flight path, so it may vary based on the flight path or paths of a particular aircraft. Improved electromagnetic interference suppression that further minimizes the electromagnetic interference caused by the radome against electromagnetic waves. A radome having a similar design is desired.

[0004] According to a first aspect, a method for designing a radome includes: A flight path FP with a set number N between N and each flight path FP N Observations Determine the looking angle distribution (Lα-Dist) and the number of settings N. Flight Route FP N Combination Looking Angle Distribution ( Combo-Lα-Dist) and the corresponding Combination Incidence Angle Distribution (Combo-Iα- Dist) and the angle at which it intersects with the radome within Combo-Iα-Dist. At least one radome shell structure of the radome is provided so as to minimize electromagnetic degradation of the electromagnetic waves generated by the radome. and adjusting the parts.

[0005] According to another aspect, the radome is a combination incidence angle distribution (Combo-Iα-Dist) At least one of the radomes is adjusted to minimize electromagnetic degradation of electromagnetic waves intersecting the radome at angles within The Combo-Iα-Dist may also include one radome shell structural component. It corresponds to the distribution of measurement angles (Combo-Lα-Dist). Combo-Lα-Dist is A set number N of flight routes FP, each between a first city and a second city N Define each flight Route FP N Determine the observation angle distribution (Lα-Dist) for the set number N of flight paths FP N Determined by calculating the combined observation angle distribution (Combo-Lα-Dist) for will be done. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0006] Embodiments are illustrated by way of example and not limitation in the accompanying figures. [Figure 1] FIG. 1 includes a diagram illustrating a radome design method 100 according to an embodiment described herein.

[0007] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that elements in the figures have been illustrated for simplicity and clarity and are not necessarily to scale. Please understand that it is not drawn to scale. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0008] The following discussion focuses on specific implementations and embodiments of the teachings. are provided to help describe certain embodiments and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure or teachings. The disclosure and the claims provided herein should not be construed as limitations on the scope or applicability of the present invention. It will be understood that other embodiments can be used based on the teachings.

[0009] "Comprises," "comprising," "includes," The terms "including," "has," "having," or Any other variations of these are intended to be covered by a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, The method, article, or apparatus comprising the method is not necessarily limited solely to those features. However, other features not expressly recited herein may be included in such method, article, or apparatus. Further, unless expressly stated to the contrary, "or" is used inclusively. For example, condition A or B can be any of the following: A is true (or exists) and B is false (or exists) A is false (or does not exist), B is true (or exists), and A and B Both are true (or exist).

[0010] Additionally, the use of "a" or "an" refers to any element or element described herein. This is merely for convenience and to give a general idea of ​​the scope of the invention. This explanation is made to give it a certain meaning. It is clear that it is not meant to be otherwise. Unless otherwise stated, the terms one, at least one or the singular include the plural and vice versa. For example, where a single item is described herein, the term "single item" should be understood as meaning a single item. Two or more items may be substituted for one item. Similarly, two or more items may be substituted for one item. If stated in the specification, two or more items may be replaced by a single item. do.

[0011] The embodiments described herein generally relate to a particular flight path or a selection of particular flight paths. The radome is designed to minimize electromagnetic degradation of electromagnetic waves intersecting the radome at angles corresponding to the radome. and adjusting at least one radome shell structural component of the radome. Further embodiments described herein are also generally directed to a method of controlling a particular flight The radar is operated at an angle corresponding to a set of paths or specific flight paths. The shell structure is designed to minimize electromagnetic degradation caused by the shell. This applies to radomes.

[0012] For illustrative purposes, FIG. 1 illustrates a radome design according to an embodiment described herein. Included is a diagram illustrating the method 100. For purposes of the embodiments described herein, a radome design A radome designed according to the design method 100 defines an outer structure of the radome and a radome interior. According to a particular embodiment, the antenna seating position of the radar may include a shell that surrounds the radar. The shell of the system can include a dielectric stack. The dielectric stack can include a single dielectric layer. From simple dielectric stacks containing It will be understood that the amount of material that can be used may vary.

[0013] According to a particular embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, a radome design method 100 includes: A flight route FP with a set number N between city 1 and city 2 N The first step is to define 110 and each flight route FP N The second step determines the observation angle distribution (Lα-Dist) for Step 120 and flight path FP with set number N N About the combined observation angle distribution (Combo-L A third step 130 calculates the Combo-Lα-Dist A fourth step 140 of determining the combined incidence angle distribution (Combo-Iα-Dist) to be and minimizes electromagnetic degradation of electromagnetic waves that cross the radome at angles within Combo-Iα-Dist. A fifth step of adjusting at least one radome shell structural component of the radome to The present invention may include a step 150.

[0014] Referring to the first step 110 of the radome design method 100, the implementation described herein For the purposes of the embodiment, a set number N of flight paths FP N Defining The method further includes using an algorithm to group the flight paths by certain characteristics. According to certain embodiments, the clustering algorithm is, for example, K-means clustering. Clustering, Mean Shift Clustering, DBSCAN Clustering, Gaussian Mixture Models sian mixtures model (GMM) clustering, hierarchical agglomerative clustering, or other According to yet another embodiment, the clustering algorithm may be based on any combination of these. The characteristics that the algorithm uses to group flights are, for example, aircraft type, airline, trip type. (Leisure vs. Business), Radome Type, Antenna (Hardware), Provider The satellites used, flight path planes relative to the equatorial plane combined with the direction, geographical position, La distribution, and flight duration.

[0015] According to a particular embodiment, the set number N is the total number of flight routes currently in use around the world. For example, the total number of flight routes currently in use around the world. When expressed in TFP, the set number N is approximately 0.5 * Less than TFP, e.g., about 0.45 * T FP or less, or about 0.4 * Less than or equal to TFP, or about 0.35 * Less than or equal to TFP, or about 0.3 * T FP or less, or about 0.25 * May be equal to or less than TFP.

[0016] According to a particular embodiment, the set number N may be a specific number. For example, the set number N may be , at least one flight path, for example, at least about two flight paths or at least about three At least about 4 flight routes or at least about 5 flight routes or at least At least about 6 flight routes or at least about 7 flight routes or at least about 8 flight routes or at least about 9 flight paths or at least about 10 flight paths or at least about 11 flight paths or at least about 12 flight paths or at least about 13 flight paths Or at least about 14 flight paths, or even at least about 15 flight paths. According to yet another embodiment, the number N is set to about 29,000 or less flight paths, e.g. , about 15,000 flight routes or less, or about 7,000 flight routes or less, or about 3,5 00 flight routes or less, or approximately 1,000 flight routes or less, or approximately 500 flights or less route, or about 100 or fewer flight routes, or about 50 or fewer flight routes, or about 30 or fewer or about 29 or less flight routes, or about 28 or less flight routes, or about 27 or less than about 26 flight routes, or less than about 25 flight routes, or less than about 2 4 or fewer flight routes, or approximately 23 or fewer flight routes, or approximately 22 or fewer flight routes, or There may be about 21 flight paths or less, or even about 20 flight paths or less. It will be understood that the range may be between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​listed above. The constant N may be any number within the range between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​listed above. It will be further understood that the

[0017] Referring to the second step 120 of the radome design method 100, For purposes of the present embodiment, Lα-Dist is defined as the total observation angle distribution along a particular flight path. A particular observation angle for a given radome can be defined as the distance from the satellite to the antenna inside the radome. The direction of the signal to the satellite or from the antenna inside the radome to the satellite. The total observation angle distribution for a flight path is the distribution of satellite and radar signals over the duration of a particular flight path. The accumulated observation angle between the target and the field of view is equal to the accumulated observation angle between the target and the field of view.

[0018] Referring to the third step 130 of the radome design method 100, For the purposes of this embodiment, Combo-Lα-Dist is a set number N of flight paths FP N The total observation angle distribution along the flight path FP with N set points can be defined as N In line with The total observation angle distribution is N Accumulation between the satellite and the radome over the duration of Equal to the observation angle.

[0019] According to a particular embodiment, a set number N of flight paths FP N For the combined observation angle distribution (C The third step 130 of calculating the α-Dist (bo-Lα-Dist) is N Weight The weighted values ​​are used to calculate the Combo-Lα-Dist. According to a particular embodiment, the weighting of each flight path may further include: 1) determining whether the flight path is more than one flight path; 2) the distance of a given flight path relative to the flight path of the other flight paths; 3) the mix of leisure travel versus business travel; ) the number of passengers on each flight (i.e., based on the size of the plane); 4) the frequency of use of the flight route (based on (i.e., how many times a day the route is traveled), and 5) how many flights are made by airplane using a particular route. This can be based on certain variables, such as the number of people purchasing Wi-Fi.

[0020] Referring to the fifth step 150 of the radome design method 100, For purposes of the embodiment, the electromagnetic field that intersects the radome at an angle within Combo-Iα-Dist is Adjusting at least one radome shell structural component to minimize electromagnetic interference from the waves. Specifically, this may include adjusting the external shape of the radome.

[0021] According to yet another embodiment, the radome intersects at an angle within Combo-Iα-Dist. At least one radome shell structural component is adjusted to minimize electromagnetic degradation of the electromagnetic waves entering the radome. In particular, the alignment of the radome shell structural components is important because it is possible to separate several structurally distinct zones. The method may include adjusting the

[0022] According to yet another embodiment, the radome intersects at an angle within Combo-Iα-Dist. At least one radome shell structural component is adjusted to minimize electromagnetic degradation of the electromagnetic waves entering the radome. In particular, the alignment is performed by adjusting at least two structurally distinct components constituting the radome shell structural component. According to a particular embodiment, the characteristics may include adjusting the characteristics of each of the zones. b) the shape of each separate zone; c) the arrangement pattern of each separate zone in the radome; the size of the zones; d) the location of each separate zone in the radome; e) the location of each separate zone in the radome; and f) any combination thereof.

[0023] According to yet another embodiment, the radome intersects at an angle within Combo-Iα-Dist. At least one radome shell structural component is adjusted to minimize electromagnetic degradation of the electromagnetic waves entering the radome. The alignment is particularly important in that the radome shell structural components are stacked on top of each other to form the radome shell structural components. This may involve preparing several structurally distinct dielectric layers.

[0024] According to yet another embodiment, the radome intersects at an angle within Combo-Iα-Dist. At least one radome shell structural component is adjusted to minimize electromagnetic degradation of the electromagnetic waves entering the radome. The adjustment is particularly useful for forming small pieces of laminated one on top of the other to form a radome shell structural component. This may include tailoring the properties of at least two structurally distinct dielectric layers. According to the embodiment, the properties include: a) a thickness of each distinct dielectric layer; b) a material composition of each distinct dielectric layer; c) the order of each of the separate dielectric layers; d) the “mesostructure” of each of the separate dielectric layers; and e) their It may be selected from the group consisting of any combination.

[0025] According to a particular embodiment, the radome intersects at an angle within Combo-Iα-Dist. Minimizing the electromagnetic degradation of the electromagnetic waves that enter the antenna is important, as it reduces the transmission loss for any incident polarization, co-polarization loss, etc. , cross polarization loss, polarization change, boresight error, side lobe level increase, main beam shape distortion a reflected power, a noise increase, an antenna VSWR increase, or a combination thereof. The method may include minimizing electromagnetic interference selected.

[0026] Certain embodiments described herein provide a method for minimizing transmission loss for any input polarization. The purpose of this is to minimize the transmission of electromagnetic waves that cross the radome at angles within Combo-Iα-Dist. adjusting at least one radome shell structural component to minimize losses. For purposes of the embodiments described herein, the transmission loss for an incident polarization is is defined as the percent change from the measured baseline transmission for the forward polarization, RT It can be measured using CA / DO-213.

[0027] According to certain embodiments described herein, at least one radome shell structure The components may be designed to minimize transmission losses to a certain level. At least one radome shell structural component has a minimum of about -0.1 dB, e.g., about -0.2 dB. B or less, or about -0.3 dB or less, or about -0.4 dB or less, or about -0.5 dB or less, Or about -1.0 dB or less, or about -1.5 dB or less, or about -2.0 dB or less, or about - 2.5dB or less, or about -3.0dB or less, or about -3.5dB or less, or about -4.0dB Minimize transmission loss to below B, or below about -4.5 dB, or even below about -5.0 dB It may be designed to do so.

[0028] According to other embodiments described herein, minimizing co-polarization loss is achieved by using a Comb To minimize the co-polarization loss of electromagnetic waves that cross the radome at angles within o-Iα-Dist. In addition, the method may include adjusting at least one radome shell structural component. For purposes of the embodiment described above, co-polarization loss refers to when a receive antenna has the same nominal polarization as a transmit antenna. It is defined as the transmission loss measured while showing a The measurement can be performed using the following method.

[0029] According to certain embodiments described herein, at least one radome shell structure The product may be designed to minimize co-polarization loss to a certain level. At least one radome shell structural component shall have a minimum of about -5.0 dB, e.g., at least or at least about -4.5 dB, or at least about -4.0 dB, or at least about -4.0 dB, or is at least about -3.5 dB, or at least about -3.0 dB, or at least about -2. 5 dB, or at least about -2.0 dB, or at least about -1.5 dB, or at least at least about -1.0 dB, or at least about -0.5 dB, or at least about -0.4 dB, or is at least about -0.3 dB, or at least about -0.2 dB, or even at least about - It may be designed to minimize co-polarization loss to 0.1 dB.

[0030] According to other embodiments described herein, maximizing cross polarization loss is achieved by Maximize the cross-polarization loss of electromagnetic waves that intersect with the radome at angles within bo-Iα-Dist The present disclosure may include adjusting at least one radome shell structural component so as to For purposes of the embodiment described in, the cross-polarization loss is the loss when the receive antenna is nominally It is defined as the transmission loss measured when presenting a polarization orthogonal to the polarization of the RTCA / It can be measured using DO-213.

[0031] According to certain embodiments described herein, at least one radome shell structure The product may be designed to maximize the cross-polarization loss to a particular level. At least one radome shell structural component shall be approximately -10 dB or less, e.g., approximately -20 dB or less. or about -30 dB or less, or about -40 dB or less, or about -50 dB or less, or about -6 0 dB or less, or about -70 dB or less, or about -80 dB or less, or about -90 dB or less, or may further be designed to maximize the cross polarization loss to about -100 dB or less.

[0032] According to other embodiments described herein, minimizing polarization change is achieved by using a Combo -To minimize the polarization change of the electromagnetic wave intersecting the radome at an angle within Iα-Dist. and adjusting at least one radome shell structural component. For purposes of the embodiment, polarization change is defined as a co-polarization loss due to modification of the initial polarization. , can be measured using RTCA DO-213.

[0033] According to certain embodiments described herein, at least one radome shell structure The product may be designed to minimize polarization change to a certain level. For example, Each radome shell structural component has a minimum of about -100 dB, e.g., at least About -90 dB, or at least about -80 dB, or at least about -70 dB, or less At least about -60 dB, or at least about -50 dB, or at least about -40 dB, or at least about At least about -30 dB, or at least about -20 dB, or even at least about -10 dB The polarization change may be minimized up to

[0034] According to other embodiments described herein, minimizing the boresight error comprises: Minimize boresight error of electromagnetic waves intersecting the radome at angles within mbo-Iα-Dist The present invention may include adjusting at least one radome shell structural component to For purposes of the embodiments described herein, the boresight error is an initial The maximum angle of the antenna far profile and the far field profile after passing the radome Defined as the angle mismatch between the file maximum angle, using RTCA DO-213 It can be measured as follows.

[0035] According to certain embodiments described herein, at least one radome shell structure The product may be designed to minimize boresight error to a particular level. For example, The structural area of ​​the radome shell is designed to limit the boresight error to less than about 20 mrad, e.g., about 18 mrad or less, or about 16 mrad or less, or about 14 mrad or less, or about 12 mrad or less than about 10 mrad or less, or less than about 8 mrad or less, or less than about 6 mrad or less, or 4 mrad or less, or about 2 mrad or less, or about 1 mrad or less, or about 0.9 mrad or less than about 0.8 mrad, or less than about 0.7 mrad, or less than about 0.6 mrad or less than about 0.5 mrad, or less than about 0.4 mrad, or less than about 0.3 mrad or to about 0.2 mrad or less, or to about 0.1 mrad or less. This is also fine.

[0036] According to other embodiments described herein, the sidelobe level for any input polarization is Minimizing the increase in the distance is the effect of intersecting the radome at angles within Combo-Iα-Dist. At least one radome shell structure is provided to minimize the side lobe level of the electromagnetic waves. For purposes of the embodiments described herein, side loads may include adjusting the load. The increase in brightness is due to the side lobe level in the antenna pattern and the Using RTCA DO-213, it is defined as the difference between the level of the side lobe after It can be measured.

[0037] According to certain embodiments described herein, at least one radome shell structure Products may be designed to increase the side lobe level to a particular level. For example, at least one radome shell structural component must be designed to reduce the side lobe level to approximately 10 dB or less. For example, about 9 dB or less, or about 8 dB or less, or about 7 dB or less, or about 6 dB or less, or is about 5 dB or less, or about 4 dB or less, or about 3 dB or less, or about 2 dB or less, or about 1 dB B or less, or about 0.9 dB or less, or about 0.8 dB or less, or about 0.7 dB or less, or about 0.6 dB or less, or about 0.5 dB or less, or about 0.4 dB or less, or about 0.3 dB or less , or to about 0.2 dB or less, or to about 0.1 dB or less. .

[0038] According to another embodiment described herein, minimizing the main beam shape distortion is The main beam shape distortion of the electromagnetic wave intersecting the radome at an angle within ombo-Iα-Dist is minimized. The method may include adjusting at least one radome shell structural component to reduce size. For purposes of the embodiments described herein, the main beam shape distortion is referred to as the pattern distortion. It can be defined and measured using RTCA DO-213.

[0039] According to certain embodiments described herein, at least one radome shell structure The product may be designed to minimize main beam shape distortion to a particular level. For example, At least one radome shell structural component is configured to reduce the main beam shape distortion to about 5% or less, e.g. , about 4.5% or less, or about 4.0% or less, or about 3.5% or less, or about 3.0% or less, or about 2.5% or less, or about 2.0% or less, or about 1.5% or less, or about 1.0% or less, or about 0.9% or less, or about 0.8% or less, or about 0.7% or less, or about 0.6% or less, or about 0.5% or less, or about 0.4% or less, or about 0.3% or less, or about 0.2% or less, or may be designed to be minimized to about 0.1% or less.

[0040] According to other embodiments described herein, minimizing reflected power comprises: -Iα-Dist to minimize the reflected power intersecting the radome at angles within at least The present invention may further include adjusting one or more radome shell structural components. For the purposes of this study, the reflected power is caused by the presence of a radome, radar and / or or the change in the magnitude of the reflection coefficient at the port of a communication antenna. It is measured using a reflectometer with a remote head.

[0041] According to certain embodiments described herein, at least one radome shell structure The product may be designed to minimize reflected power to a certain level. Each radome shell structural component is approximately -0.1 dB or less, for example, approximately -0.2 dB or less. or about -0.3 dB or less, or about -0.4 dB or less, or about -0.5 dB or less, or About -1.0dB or less, or about -1.5dB or less, or about -2.0dB or less, or about -2. 5dB or less, or about -3.0dB or less, or about -3.5dB or less, or about -4.0dB or less or to about -4.5 dB or less, or even to about -5.0 dB or less It may be designed so that

[0042] Reference is now made to a radome designed and constructed in accordance with the embodiments described herein. Such a radome is suitable for the angles within the combined incidence angle distribution (Combo-Iα-Dist). At least one radome is provided, which is adjusted to minimize the electromagnetic degradation of the electromagnetic waves intersecting the radome at According to a particular embodiment, the Combo-Iα-Di st corresponds to the combined observation angle distribution (Combo-Lα-Dist). For purposes of this embodiment, Combo-Lα-Dist refers to a set of cities, each of which includes a first city and a second city. Flight routes FP between cities with a set number N N Define each flight path FP N About the observation angle Determine the distribution (Lα-Dist) and set the flight path FP N Combined observation angle distribution It is determined by calculating (Combo-Lα-Dist).

[0043] According to a particular embodiment, the set number N is the total number of flight routes currently in use around the world. For example, the total number of flight routes currently in use around the world. When expressed in TFP, the set number N is approximately 0.5 * Less than TFP, e.g., about 0.45 * T FP or less, or about 0.4 * Less than or equal to TFP, or about 0.35 * Less than or equal to TFP, or about 0.3 * T FP or less, or about 0.25 * May be equal to or less than TFP.

[0044] According to a particular embodiment, the set number N may be a specific number. For example, the set number N may be , at least one flight path, for example, at least about two flight paths or at least about three At least about 4 flight routes or at least about 5 flight routes or at least At least about 6 flight routes or at least about 7 flight routes or at least about 8 flight routes or at least about 9 flight paths or at least about 10 flight paths or at least about 11 flight paths or at least about 12 flight paths or at least about 13 flight paths Or at least about 14 flight paths, or even at least about 15 flight paths. According to yet another embodiment, the number N is about 29,000 or less flight paths, e.g. , about 15,000 flight routes or less, or about 7,000 flight routes or less, or about 3,5 00 flight routes or less, or approximately 1,000 flight routes or less, or approximately 500 flights or less route, or about 100 or fewer flight routes, or about 50 or fewer flight routes, or about 30 or fewer or about 29 or less flight routes, or about 28 or less flight routes, or about 27 or less than about 26 flight routes, or less than about 25 flight routes, or less than about 2 4 or fewer flight routes, or approximately 23 or fewer flight routes, or approximately 22 or fewer flight routes, or There may be about 21 flight paths or less, or even about 20 flight paths or less. It will be understood that the range may be between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​listed above. The constant N may be any number within the range between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​listed above. It will be further understood that the

[0045] According to yet another embodiment, a set number N of flight paths FP N Defining the cluster The ring algorithm is used to group flight paths by specific characteristics. According to certain embodiments, the clustering algorithm may include, for example, K-means Clustering, Mean Shift Clustering, DBSCAN Clustering, Gaussian Mixtures GMM clustering, hierarchical agglomerative clustering, or any combination of them According to yet another embodiment, the clustering algorithm may be based on a combination of Characteristics that group the trips are, for example, aircraft type, airline, trip type (leisure vs. business), etc. Business), radome type, antenna (hardware), used by provider Flight path plane relative to the equatorial plane combined with satellite, direction, geographic location, La distribution, and The time period may be selected from the group consisting of flight duration.

[0046] According to yet another embodiment, a set number N of flight paths FP N Regarding the combined observation angle distribution ( Combo-Lα-Dist) is calculated for each flight path FP N Weighting is done and Co using the weighted values ​​to calculate mbo-Lα-Dist. According to a particular embodiment, the weighting of each flight path can be determined based on: 1) its relative weighting relative to other flight paths; 2) the mix of leisure travel versus business travel; and 3) the number of passengers on each flight. 4) frequency of use of the flight route (i.e., the number of flights 5) How many times a flight route is traveled per day; and 6) How many times a flight route is used to purchase Wi-Fi on an airplane. The amount of time a user can spend on a particular event can be based on a specific variable, such as the number of people entering the event.

[0047] According to a particular embodiment, at least one radome shell structural component is a Combo -Adjusted to minimize electromagnetic degradation of electromagnetic waves intersecting with the radome at angles within Iα-Dist. In particular, this may involve adjusting the outer shape of the radome.

[0048] According to yet another embodiment, at least one radome shell structural component is a Comb To minimize electromagnetic degradation of electromagnetic waves intersecting with the radome at angles within o-Iα-Dist In particular, several structurally distinct components constituting the radome shell structural components may be adjusted. This may include adjusting the zones.

[0049] According to yet another embodiment, at least one radome shell structural component is a Comb To minimize electromagnetic degradation of electromagnetic waves intersecting with the radome at angles within o-Iα-Dist In particular, at least two structurally different components constituting the radome shell structural component may be arranged in a coordinated manner. According to a particular embodiment, the characteristics may include adjusting the characteristics of the separate zones. b) the shape of each separate zone; c) the arrangement pattern of each separate zone on the radome; d) the location of each separate zone in the radome; e) the location of each separate zone in the radome; and f) any combination thereof. stomach.

[0050] According to yet another embodiment, at least one radome shell structural component is a Comb To minimize electromagnetic degradation of electromagnetic waves intersecting with the radome at angles within o-Iα-Dist In particular, the radome shell structural components may be stacked on top of each other to form the radome shell structural components. This may involve preparing several structurally distinct dielectric layers.

[0051] According to yet another embodiment, the at least one radome shell structural component comprises a radome shell. At least two structurally distinct components stacked on top of each other to form a shell structural component. By adjusting the properties of the dielectric layer, the redox current can be increased at angles within the Combo-Iα-Dist. The antenna may be adjusted to minimize electromagnetic interference from electromagnetic waves crossing the antenna. According to the invention, the properties are: a) the thickness of each separate dielectric layer; b) the material composition of each separate dielectric layer; and c) the order of each of the separate dielectric layers; d) the “mesostructure” of each of the separate dielectric layers; and e) any of the and combinations thereof.

[0052] According to a particular embodiment, the radome intersects at an angle within Combo-Iα-Dist. The electromagnetic degradation of electromagnetic waves caused by an electromagnetic wave includes transmission loss, co-polarization loss, cross-polarization loss, and Polarization change, boresight error, side lobe level increase, main beam shape distortion, reflected power, noise Electromagnetic impairments selected from the group consisting of increased sound, increased antenna VSWR, or a combination thereof. It can be minimized by minimizing

[0053] According to certain embodiments described herein, the radome is a Combo-Iα-Dis The minimum angle is adjusted to minimize the transmission loss of the electromagnetic wave that crosses the radome at an angle within t. Each of the radome shell structural components may include one or more radome shell structural components. Therefore, the transmission loss for the incident polarization is calculated by subtracting the measured baseline transmission for the incident polarization from the The change in viscosity is defined as the percent change from 0.01 to 0.1 and can be measured using RTCA / DO-213.

[0054] According to certain embodiments described herein, at least one radome shell structure The components may be designed to minimize transmission losses to a certain level. At least one radome shell structural component has a minimum of about -0.1 dB, e.g., about -0.2 dB. B or less, or about -0.3 dB or less, or about -0.4 dB or less, or about -0.5 dB or less, Or about -1.0 dB or less, or about -1.5 dB or less, or about -2.0 dB or less, or about - 2.5dB or less, or about -3.0dB or less, or about -3.5dB or less, or about -4.0dB Minimize transmission loss to below B, or below about -4.5 dB, or even below about -5.0 dB It may be designed to do so.

[0055] According to another embodiment described herein, the radome is a Combo-Iα-Dist The radome is designed to minimize co-polarization loss for waves that cross the radome at angles within the range of 100° to 300°. For purposes of the embodiments described herein, each of the radome shell structural components may include one or more radome shell structural components. In contrast, co-polarized loss is measured when the receive antenna exhibits the same nominal polarization as the transmit antenna. It is defined as the transmission loss measured using RTCA / DO-213.

[0056] According to certain embodiments described herein, at least one radome shell structure The product may be designed to minimize co-polarization loss to a certain level. At least one radome shell structural component shall have a minimum of about -5.0 dB, e.g., at least or at least about -4.5 dB, or at least about -4.0 dB, or at least about -4.0 dB, or is at least about -3.5 dB, or at least about -3.0 dB, or at least about -2. 5 dB, or at least about -2.0 dB, or at least about -1.5 dB, or at least at least about -1.0 dB, or at least about -0.5 dB, or at least about -0.4 dB, or is at least about -0.3 dB, or at least about -0.2 dB, or even at least about - It may be designed to minimize co-polarization loss to 0.1 dB.

[0057] According to another embodiment described herein, the radome is a Combo-Iα-Dist A small number of antennas are arranged to maximize the cross-polarization loss of electromagnetic waves that intersect the radome at angles within the For purposes of the embodiments described herein, the radome shell structural component may include at least one radome shell structural component. Therefore, cross-polarization loss is measured when the receive antenna is polarized orthogonal to the nominal polarization of the transmit antenna. is defined as the transmission loss measured when It can be done.

[0058] According to certain embodiments described herein, at least one radome shell structure The product may be designed to maximize the cross-polarization loss to a particular level. At least one radome shell structural component shall be approximately -10 dB or less, e.g., approximately -20 dB or less. or about -30 dB or less, or about -40 dB or less, or about -50 dB or less, or about -6 0 dB or less, or about -70 dB or less, or about -80 dB or less, or about -90 dB or less, or may further be designed to maximize the cross polarization loss to about -100 dB or less.

[0059] According to another embodiment described herein, the radome is a Combo-Iα-Dist At least one of the radomes is aligned to minimize polarization changes of electromagnetic waves intersecting the radome at angles within For purposes of the embodiments described herein, the radome shell may include one or more structural components. ,Polarization change is defined as the co-polarization loss due to modification of the initial polarization, as defined in RTCA DO-21 3 can be used to measure.

[0060] According to certain embodiments described herein, at least one radome shell structure The product may be designed to minimize polarization change to a certain level. For example, Each radome shell structural component has a minimum of about -100 dB, e.g., at least About -90 dB, or at least about -80 dB, or at least about -70 dB, or less At least about -60 dB, or at least about -50 dB, or at least about -40 dB, or at least about At least about -30 dB, or at least about -20 dB, or even at least about -10 dB The polarization change may be minimized up to

[0061] According to another embodiment described herein, the radome is a Combo-Iα-Dist The small aperture is adjusted to minimize the boresight error of the electromagnetic wave intersecting the radome at an angle within For purposes of the embodiments described herein, the radome shell structural component may include at least one. Therefore, the boresight error is calculated by the initial antenna far profile optimization with respect to the elevation and azimuth angles. The angle between the maximum angle of the far-field profile after the radome and the maximum angle of the far-field profile after the radome This is defined as degree discrepancy and can be measured using RTCA DO-213.

[0062] According to certain embodiments described herein, at least one radome shell structure The product may be designed to minimize boresight error to a particular level. For example, At least one structural area of ​​the radome shell must be designed to reduce the boresight error to approximately 20 mrad or less. For example, about 18 mrad or less, or about 16 mrad or less, or about 14 mrad or less, or is about 12 mrad or less, or about 10 mrad or less, or about 8 mrad or less, or about 6 mrad or less ad or less, or about 4 mrad or less, or about 2 mrad or less, or about 1 mrad or less, or About 0.9 mrad or less, or about 0.8 mrad or less, or about 0.7 mrad or less, or about 0.6 mrad or less, or about 0.5 mrad or less, or about 0.4 mrad or less, or about 0 Minimize to 0.3 mrad or less, or about 0.2 mrad or less, or about 0.1 mrad or less It may be designed to do so.

[0063] According to another embodiment described herein, the radome is a Combo-Iα-Dist The side lobe level of the electromagnetic wave intersecting the radome at an angle within and at least one radome shell structural component. For this purpose, the side lobe level increase is the level of the side lobes in the antenna pattern. It is defined as the difference between the level of the side lobe after the radome and the level of the side lobe after the radome. It can be measured using DO-213.

[0064] According to certain embodiments described herein, at least one radome shell structure Products may be designed to increase the side lobe level to a particular level. For example, at least one radome shell structural component must be designed to reduce the side lobe level to approximately 10 dB or less. For example, about 9 dB or less, or about 8 dB or less, or about 7 dB or less, or about 6 dB or less, or is about 5 dB or less, or about 4 dB or less, or about 3 dB or less, or about 2 dB or less, or about 1 dB B or less, or about 0.9 dB or less, or about 0.8 dB or less, or about 0.7 dB or less, or about 0.6 dB or less, or about 0.5 dB or less, or about 0.4 dB or less, or about 0.3 dB or less , or to about 0.2 dB or less, or to about 0.1 dB or less. .

[0065] According to another embodiment described herein, the radome is a Combo-Iα-Dist The main beam shape distortion of the electromagnetic wave intersecting the radome at an angle within At least one radome shell structural component may be included. For this purpose, the main beam shape distortion is defined as the pattern distortion and is specified in RTCA DO-21 3 can be used to measure.

[0066] According to certain embodiments described herein, at least one radome shell structure The product may be designed to minimize main beam shape distortion to a particular level. For example, At least one radome shell structural component is configured to reduce the main beam shape distortion to about 5% or less, e.g. , about 4.5% or less, or about 4.0% or less, or about 3.5% or less, or about 3.0% or less, or about 2.5% or less, or about 2.0% or less, or about 1.5% or less, or about 1.0% or less, or about 0.9% or less, or about 0.8% or less, or about 0.7% or less, or about 0.6% or less, or about 0.5% or less, or about 0.4% or less, or about 0.3% or less, or about 0.2% or less, or may be designed to be minimized to about 0.1% or less.

[0067] According to another embodiment described herein, the radome is a Combo-Iα-Dist At least one of the radomes is structured to minimize reflected power electromagnetic waves that intersect the radome at angles within For purposes of the embodiments described herein, the radome shell may include one or more structural components. The reflected power is caused by the presence of a radome, a radar and / or a communication antenna. It is defined as the change in the magnitude of the reflection coefficient at the port of the remote head. The reflectance is measured using a reflectometer having a reflectance of 0.01 mm.

[0068] According to certain embodiments described herein, at least one radome shell structure The product may be designed to minimize reflected power to a certain level. Each radome shell structural component is approximately -0.1 dB or less, for example, approximately -0.2 dB or less. or about -0.3 dB or less, or about -0.4 dB or less, or about -0.5 dB or less, or About -1.0dB or less, or about -1.5dB or less, or about -2.0dB or less, or about -2. 5dB or less, or about -3.0dB or less, or about -3.5dB or less, or about -4.0dB or less or to about -4.5 dB or less, or even to about -5.0 dB or less It may be designed so that

[0069] Many different aspects and embodiments are possible. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art will understand that these aspects and embodiments are It will be understood that these are merely illustrative examples and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The embodiment may be according to any one or more of the embodiments listed below.

[0070] Embodiment 1. A method of designing a radome, each of which is connected to a first city and a second city. Flight paths FP with a set number N between them N and each flight path FP N About the observation angle Determine the distribution (Lα-Dist) and the flight path FP for the set number N N Combinatorial view Calculate the distribution of measurement angles (Combo-Lα-Dist) and t, the combined incidence angle distribution (Combo-Iα-Di st) and determine the electric field that intersects the radome at an angle within Combo-Iα-Dist. At least one radome shell structural component of the radome to minimize electromagnetic degradation of magnetic waves and adjusting. Embodiment 2. Flight paths FP with set number N N Defining

[0023] In one embodiment, the method further includes using a algorithm to group flight paths by specific characteristics. According to a particular embodiment, the clustering algorithm comprises, for example: K-means clustering, Mean Shift clustering, DBSCAN clustering, Gaussian Gaussian mixture model (GMM) clustering, hierarchical agglomerative clustering, or their alternatives According to yet another embodiment, the clustering algorithm may be based on any combination of the above. Characteristics that group flights together are, for example, aircraft type, airline, trip type (leisure, etc.). (for business), radome type, antenna (hardware), used by provider The satellites, flight path planes relative to the equatorial plane combined with the direction, geographical location, and La distribution , and flight duration. Embodiment 3. Flight path FP with set number N N Calculate Combo-Lα-Dist What we do is: 1) the distance of a given flight path relative to other flight paths; 2) leisure travel vs. business travel; the composition of business trips; 3) the number of passengers on each flight (i.e., based on aircraft size); 4) flight duration; 5) frequency of route usage (i.e., how many times a day the route is traveled); Each flight route FP based on the number of people using and purchasing Wi-Fi on the plane N Weighting 2. The method of embodiment 1, further comprising: Embodiment 4. N is at least about one flight path, or at least about two flight paths or at least about three flight paths, or at least about four flight paths, or at least About 5 flight paths, or at least about 6 flight paths, or at least about 7 flight paths or at least about 8 flight paths, or at least about 9 flight paths, or at least About 10 flight paths, or at least about 11 flight paths, or at least about 12 flight paths or at least about 13 flight paths, or at least about 14 flight paths, or 2. The method of embodiment 1, further comprising at least about 15 flight paths. In embodiment 5, N is about 29,000 or less flight paths, e.g., about 15,000 or less flight paths. Flight routes below, or flight routes with approximately 7,000 or less flights, or flight routes with approximately 3,500 or less flights or about 1,000 or less flight routes, or about 500 or less flight routes, or about 100 or less than approximately 50 flight routes, or less than approximately 30 flight routes, or less than approximately 2 9 or fewer flight routes, or approximately 28 or fewer flight routes, or approximately 27 or fewer flight routes, or Approximately 26 flight routes or less, or approximately 25 flight routes or less, or approximately 24 flight routes or less; or about 23 or less flight routes, or about 22 or less flight routes, or about 21 or less flight routes 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the number of flight paths is equal to about 20 or less. Embodiment 6. The electric field of the electromagnetic wave intersecting the radome at an angle within Combo-Iα-Dist Adjusting at least one radome shell structural component to minimize magnetic degradation includes: 2. The method of embodiment 1, comprising adjusting an external shape of the radome. Embodiment 7. The electric field of the electromagnetic wave intersecting the radome at an angle within Combo-Iα-Dist Adjusting at least one radome shell structural component to minimize magnetic degradation includes: This involves adjusting several structurally distinct zones that make up the radome shell structural components. 2. The method of embodiment 1. Embodiment 8. The electric field of the electromagnetic wave intersecting the radome at an angle within Combo-Iα-Dist Adjusting at least one radome shell structural component to minimize magnetic degradation includes: Coordinating the properties of at least two structurally distinct zones that make up the radome shell structural component The characteristics include: a) the shape of each distinct zone; b) the size of each distinct zone in the radome; c) the size of each separate zone; d) the size of each separate zone in the radome. e) the location of each separate zone in the radome; and f) any combination thereof. 2. The method of embodiment 1, wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of: EMBODIMENT 9. The electric field of the electromagnetic wave intersecting the radome at an angle within Combo-Iα-Dist Adjusting at least one radome shell structural component to minimize magnetic degradation includes: Several structurally distinct components are stacked on top of each other to form the radome shell structural components. 2. The method of claim 1, comprising conditioning the dielectric layer of Embodiment 10. Electromagnetic waves intersecting the radome at angles within Combo-Iα-Dist Adjusting at least one radome shell structural component to minimize electromagnetic degradation At least two structures stacked on top of each other to form a radome shell structural component. and adjusting the properties of the separate dielectric layers in a time-dependent manner, the properties including: a) a thickness of each separate dielectric layer; , b) the material composition of each distinct dielectric layer; c) the order of each distinct dielectric layer; d) the order of each distinct dielectric layer; and e) any combination thereof. 1. The method according to claim 1. EMBODIMENT 11. Electromagnetic waves intersecting the radome at angles within Combo-Iα-Dist Minimizing electromagnetic impairments includes transmission loss for any incident polarization, co-polarization loss, and cross-polarization loss. Loss, polarization change, boresight error, side lobe level increase, main beam shape distortion, reflected current power, noise increase, antenna VSWR increase, or a combination thereof. 2. The method of embodiment 1, comprising minimizing magnetic degradation. Embodiment 12. The radome according to embodiment 11, comprising a transmission loss of about -0.1 dB or less. The method described. Embodiment 13. The radome includes a co-polarization loss of at least about -5.0 dB. 12. The method according to claim 11. Embodiment 14. The radome according to embodiment 11, wherein the radome includes a cross-polarization loss of about -10 dB or less. The method according to Embodiment 15. An embodiment in which the radome includes a polarization change of at least about -100 dB. 11. The method according to claim 11. Embodiment 16. An embodiment in which the radome includes a boresight error of about 20 mrad or less. 11. The method according to claim 11. Embodiment 17. The radome includes a side lobe level increase of about 10 dB or less. 12. The method of claim 11. Embodiment 18. The radome according to embodiment 11, comprising a main beam shape distortion of about 5% or less. The method described. Embodiment 19. The method according to embodiment 11, wherein the radome includes a reflected power of about -0.1 dB or less. The method described. Embodiment 20. Radon at an angle within the combined incidence angle distribution (Combo-Iα-Dist) At least one radome aligned to minimize electromagnetic degradation of electromagnetic waves crossing the radome A radome equipped with shell structural components, Combo-Iα-Dist is a combination observation The angular distribution (Combo-Lα-Dist) corresponds to is a flight route FP with a set number N between the first city and the second city. N Define each flight path FP N Determine the observation angle distribution (Lα-Dist) for the set number N of flight paths FP N Second It is determined by calculating the combined observation angle distribution (Combo-Lα-Dist) for Radome. 21. Flight path FP with set number N N Defining ,is the clustering algorithm. The implementation further includes using rhythm to group flight paths by specific characteristics. 21. The radome according to claim 20. According to a particular embodiment, the clustering algorithm comprises: For example, K-means clustering, mean shift clustering, DBSCAN clustering Clustering, Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) clustering, hierarchical agglomerative clustering, or other According to yet another embodiment, the clustering algorithm may be based on any combination of these. The characteristics that the algorithm uses to group flights are, for example, aircraft type, airline, trip type. (Leisure vs. Business), Radome Type, Antenna (Hardware), Provider The satellites used, flight path planes relative to the equatorial plane combined with the direction, geographical position, La distribution, and flight duration. 22. Flight path FP with set number N NCalculate Combo-Lα-Dist Calculating the distance of a given flight path relative to other flight paths; the mix of business travel; 3) the number of passengers on each flight (i.e., based on aircraft size); 4) the number of flights frequency of route usage (i.e., how many times a day the route is traveled); 5) specific flight routes Each flight route FP based on the number of people who purchase Wi-Fi on the plane using N Weighted 21. The radome of embodiment 20, further comprising: Embodiment 23.N is a method for detecting at least about one flight path, or at least about two flight paths. or at least about three flight paths, or at least about four flight paths, or at least At least about 5 flight paths, or at least about 6 flight paths, or at least about 7 flight paths or at least about eight flight paths, or at least about nine flight paths, or at least At least about 10 flight paths, or at least about 11 flight paths, or at least about 12 flight paths a flight path, or at least about 13 flight paths, or at least about 14 flight paths, or 21. The radome of embodiment 20, wherein is further equal to at least about 15 flight paths. In embodiment 24, N is about 29,000 or less flight paths, e.g., about 15,000 or less than approximately 7,000 flight routes, or less than approximately 3,500 flight routes or about 1,000 or less flight routes, or about 500 or less flight routes, or about 100 100 or fewer flight routes, or approximately 50 or fewer flight routes, or approximately 30 or fewer flight routes, or approximately 29 or fewer flight routes, or approximately 28 or fewer flight routes, or approximately 27 or fewer flight routes, or Approximately 26 flight routes or less, or approximately 25 flight routes or less, or approximately 24 flight routes or less or about 23 or fewer flight routes, or about 22 or fewer flight routes, or about 21 or fewer flights 21. The radome of embodiment 20, wherein the radome is equal to about 20 or less flight paths. Electromagnetic waves intersecting the radome at angles within the Combo-Iα-Dist At least one radome shell structural component, which is tailored to minimize electromagnetic degradation, is 21. The radome of embodiment 20, including a dome outline. Electromagnetic waves intersecting the radome at angles within the Combo-Iα-Dist At least one radome shell structural component, which is tailored to minimize electromagnetic degradation, is 20. A dome shell structure comprising several structurally distinct zones. The radome described in Electromagnetic waves intersecting the radome at angles within the Combo-Iα-Dist At least one radome shell structural component, which is tailored to minimize electromagnetic degradation, is The dome shell structural component includes characteristics of at least two structurally distinct zones, The characteristics include: a) the shape of each distinct zone; and b) the placement pattern of each distinct zone in the radome. c) the size of each separate zone; d) the location of each separate zone in the radome; e) the and f) any combination thereof. 21. The radome of embodiment 20, selected from the group consisting of Electromagnetic waves intersecting the radome at angles within the Combo-Iα-Dist At least one radome shell structural component, which is tailored to minimize electromagnetic degradation, is Several structurally distinct components stacked on top of each other to form the dome shell structural component. 21. The radome of embodiment 20, comprising a dielectric layer. EMBODIMENT 29. Electromagnetic waves intersecting the radome at angles within Combo-Iα-Dist At least one radome shell structural component, which is tailored to minimize electromagnetic degradation, is At least two structurally distinct components stacked on top of each other to form a dome shell structural component. The characteristics of the separate dielectric layers include: a) a thickness of each separate dielectric layer; b) a thickness of each separate dielectric layer; c) the material composition of each of the separate dielectric layers; d) the "mesostructure" of each of the separate dielectric layers; and e) any combination thereof. Hmm. Electromagnetic waves intersecting the radome at angles within the Combo-Iα-Dist Minimized electromagnetic impairments include transmission loss for any incident polarization, co-polarization loss, and cross-polarization loss. , polarization change, boresight error, side lobe level increase, main beam shape distortion, reflected power, Electromagnetic interference selected from the group consisting of noise increase, antenna VSWR increase, or a combination thereof. 21. The radome of embodiment 20, comprising: Embodiment 31. The radome according to embodiment 30, comprising a transmission loss of about -0.1 dB or less. Radome as described. Embodiment 32. The radome includes a co-polarization loss of at least about -5.0 dB. 31. The radome according to claim 30. Embodiment 33. The radome includes a cross-polarization loss of about -10 dB or less. The radome described in Embodiment 34. An embodiment in which the radome includes a polarization change of at least about -100 dB. 30. A radome as described in claim 30. Embodiment 35. An embodiment in which the radome includes a boresight error of about 20 mrad or less. 30. A radome as described in claim 30. Embodiment 36. The radome includes a side lobe level increase of about 10 dB or less. 31. The radome according to claim 30. Embodiment 37. The radome according to embodiment 30, comprising a main beam shape distortion of about 5% or less. Radome as described. Embodiment 38. The method according to embodiment 30, wherein the radome includes a reflected power of about -0.1 dB or less. Radome as described.

[0071] Not all of the activities described above are required in the general description or examples. Some specific activities may not be required, and one or more activities in addition to those described may be required. It should be noted that the above further actions may be performed. Still further, the order in which the actions are listed may be: , not necessarily the order in which they are performed.

[0072] Benefits, other advantages, and solutions to problems have been described above with regard to specific embodiments. However, benefits, advantages, solutions to problems, and any benefits, advantages, or solutions that Any feature that may render the invention less or more prominent may be included in any or all of the important They should not be construed as necessary or essential features.

[0073] The specification and drawings of the embodiments described herein are provided to provide a general understanding of the structure of the various embodiments. The specification and drawings are intended to provide a solution to the problems described herein. Serves as a comprehensive and comprehensive description of all elements and features of the devices and systems used It is not intended that separate embodiments be provided in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment for brevity may be included in the present disclosure. The features may be provided separately or in any subcombination. Reference to a range includes every individual value within that range. Many other embodiments are contemplated by those skilled in the art upon reading this specification. Structural arrangements may become apparent to those skilled in the art only later without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Other embodiments may be used and the present disclosure may be modified in any manner, including, but not limited to, by any of the following means: Accordingly, the present disclosure is to be regarded as illustrative and not limiting. It should be done.

Claims

1. 1. A method for designing a radome, comprising the steps of: A set number N of flight paths FP, each of which is between a first city and a second city. Ｎ To define And, Each flight route FP Ｎ Determining the observation angle distribution (Lα-Dist) for The flight path FP of the set number N Ｎ For the combined observation angle distribution (Combo-Lα-Di st), and The combined incident angle distribution (Combo-Iα- Dist); and Electromagnetic interference of electromagnetic waves intersecting the radome at an angle within the Combo-Iα-Dist and adjusting at least one radome shell structural component of said radome to minimize the and

2. Flight route FP with set number N Ｎ Defining is a clustering algorithm. The method of claim 1 , further comprising grouping the flight paths by a characteristic.

3. The flight path FP of the set number N Ｎ Calculate the Combo-Lα-Dist for These are: 1) the distance of a given flight path relative to other flight paths; 2) leisure travel vs. business the composition of the trip; 3) the number of passengers on each flight (i.e., based on aircraft size); 4) the flight route; Frequency of use (i.e., how many times per day the flight route is traveled); 5) Use of a particular flight route Based on the number of people who purchase Wi-Fi on the plane, each flight route FP Ｎ Weighting The method of claim 1 further comprising:

4. N is at least about one flight path, or at least about two flight paths, or at least At least about three flight paths, or at least about four flight paths, or at least about five flight paths or at least about six flight paths, or at least about seven flight paths, or at least At least about 8 flight paths, or at least about 9 flight paths, or at least about 10 flight paths or at least about 11 flight paths, or at least about 12 flight paths, or At least about 13 flight paths, or at least about 14 flight paths, or even less 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the number of flight paths is equal to about 15 flight paths.

5. N is about 29,000 flight paths or less, e.g., about 15,000 flight paths or less. or about 7,000 flight routes or less, or about 3,500 flight routes or less, or about 1, 000 or less flight routes, or about 500 or less flight routes, or about 100 or less flight paths or about 50 or fewer flight routes, or about 30 or fewer flight routes, or about 29 or fewer flight routes 1000km, or about 28 or less flight routes, or about 27 or less flight routes, or about 26 or less flight routes, or about 25 or less flight routes, or about 24 or less flight routes, or about 23 or about 22 or less flight routes, or about 21 or less flight routes, or further The method of claim 1 , which is equivalent to about 20 or fewer flight paths.

6. Electromagnetic interference of electromagnetic waves intersecting the radome at an angle within the Combo-Iα-Dist adjusting at least one radome shell structural component to minimize the The method of claim 1 including adjusting an exterior shape of the radome.

7. Electromagnetic interference of electromagnetic waves intersecting the radome at an angle within the Combo-Iα-Dist adjusting at least one radome shell structural component to minimize the This involves adjusting several structurally distinct zones that make up the radome shell structural components. The method of claim 1 .

8. Electromagnetic interference of electromagnetic waves intersecting the radome at an angle within the Combo-Iα-Dist adjusting at least one radome shell structural component to minimize the Coordinating the characteristics of at least two structurally distinct zones that make up a radome shell structural component and said characteristic comprises a) the shape of each separate zone; b) the arrangement pattern of each distinct zone in the radome; c) the size of each separate zone; d) the location of each distinct zone in the radome; e) the structure of each distinct zone in the radome; and f) any combination thereof.

9. Electromagnetic interference of electromagnetic waves intersecting the radome at an angle within the Combo-Iα-Dist adjusting at least one radome shell structural component to minimize the Several structurally distinct components are stacked on top of each other to form the radome shell structural components. The method of claim 1 , further comprising conditioning the dielectric layer of

10. Electromagnetic interference of electromagnetic waves intersecting the radome at an angle within the Combo-Iα-Dist adjusting at least one radome shell structural component to minimize the At least two structural members stacked on top of each other to form a radome shell structural component. adjusting the properties of the separate dielectric layers, said properties being: (a) the thickness of each separate dielectric layer; (b) the material composition of each distinct dielectric layer; (c) the sequence of each distinct dielectric layer; (d) the “mesostructure” of each separate dielectric layer; and (e) any combination thereof.

11. Electromagnetic interference of electromagnetic waves intersecting the radome at an angle within the Combo-Iα-Dist Minimizing the loss is a measure of the transmission loss for any incident polarization, co-polarization loss, cross-polarization loss, Polarization change, boresight error, side lobe level increase, main beam shape distortion, reflected power, noise Electromagnetic impairment selected from the group consisting of increased sound, increased antenna VSWR, or a combination thereof. The method of claim 1 , comprising minimizing

12. The radome has a transmission loss of less than about -0.1 dB and at least about -5.0 dB. The method of claim 11 .

13. The radome has a cross polarization loss of less than about -10 dB and at least about -100 dB. The method of claim 11 , comprising:

14. 12. The radome of claim 11, wherein the radome includes a boresight error of about 20 mrad or less. method.

15. The angle that intersects with the radome at an angle within the combined incidence angle distribution (Combo-Iα-Dist) At least one radome shell structure adapted to minimize electromagnetic degradation of electromagnetic waves A radome comprising a component, The Combo-Iα-Dist is a combined observation angle distribution (Combo-Lα-Dis t), The Combo-Lα-Dist is a set of points between a first city and a second city. Flight path FP with constant N Ｎ Define each flight path FP Ｎ Regarding the observation angle distribution (Lα-Dis t) and determine the flight path FP Ｎ The combined observation angle distribution (Combo- The radome is determined by calculating Lα−Dist.

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