Integrated process and catalysts for manufacturing hydrogen iodide from hydrogen and iodine

Abstract

To provide a process for producing hydrogen iodide.SOLUTION: The process includes providing a vapor-phase reactant stream comprising hydrogen and iodine and reacting the reactant stream in the presence of a catalyst to produce a product stream comprising hydrogen iodide. The catalyst includes at least one selected from the group of nickel, cobalt, iron, nickel oxide, cobalt oxide, and iron oxide. The catalyst is supported on a support.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a process for producing hydrogen iodide. Specifically, the present disclosure relates to a process for producing hydrogen iodide comprising: Process for producing anhydrous hydrogen iodide from hydrogen and iodine in the presence of a catalyst . [Background technology]

[0002] Hydrogen iodide is used as a reducing agent, as well as hydroiodic acid, organic and inorganic iodides. It is an important industrial chemical used in the preparation of iodoalkanes. However, hydrogen iodide is very difficult to handle due to its instability and reactivity. For example, hydrogen iodide decomposes in the presence of heat or light to form hydrogen and iodine. In the presence of moisture, hydrogen iodide forms hydroiodic acid, which can corrode most metals. The instability and reactivity of hydrogen iodide makes it difficult to store and transport. , anhydrous hydrogen iodide is often prepared topically for immediate use.

[0003] Various methods for producing hydrogen iodide have been reported. enwood et al., The Chemistry of the Elements, 2n d edition,Oxford:Butterworth-Heineman,p8 09-815, 1997, where hydrogen iodide is reacted with the element iodide according to the following equation 1: It is prepared from the reaction of dihydroiodine with hydrazine. Equation 1: 2I2+N2H4→4HI+N2

[0004] In another embodiment, the Textbook of Practical Organic Chemistry, 3 rdIn this edition, AIVogel is Hydrogen iodide can be prepared by reacting a stream of hydrogen sulfide with iodine according to Equation 2. It teaches that Equation 2: H2S+I2→2HI+S Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] Each of the above examples uses expensive starting materials such as hydrogen sulfide or hydrazine. However, this limits its use for the economical preparation of large quantities of hydrogen iodide. The use of hydrazine for the preparation of hydrogen hydride results in the formation of nitrogen gas as a by-product. It is difficult and expensive to separate the nitrogen gas from hydrogen iodide and purify the hydrogen iodide. Thus, increasing the production costs. Similarly, the use of hydrogen sulfide leads to the formation of sulfur. This is difficult to separate from the unreacted iodine and increases production costs. Sulfur can weaken any catalyst used, further increasing production costs.

[0006] In some other embodiments, hydrogen iodide can be prepared by the reaction of elemental iodide according to Equation 3 below: It is prepared from nitrogen and hydrogen gas. Equation 3: H2+I2→2HI Such an embodiment allows for the production of high purity hydrogen iodide without the production of nitrogen or sulfur. For example, JP 4713895B2 discloses a method for producing a cyclohexane-based cyclohexane derivative using a noble metal catalyst. The preparation of hydrogen iodide in the gas phase using hydrogen gas and iodine vapor is shown. The disclosed reaction is capable of reacting magnesium oxide, titanium oxide, silica oxide, alumina, and di Platinum, rhodium, palladium, and palladium supported on a metal oxide selected from ruthenium oxide and rhodium. However, noble metal catalysts for the preparation of hydrogen iodide are available. The use of catalysts would further increase production costs, typically due to the high cost of precious metals. Therefore, noble metals for catalyzing the reaction of hydrogen with iodine to produce hydrogen iodide There is a need for alternative metal catalysts that do not contain

[0007] The present disclosure relates to nickel, cobalt, iron, nickel oxide, cobalt oxide, and the like supported on a carrier. The present invention relates to a method for producing hydrogen (H2 The present invention provides an integrated process for the production of hydrogen iodide (HI) from hydrogen iodine (I2) and elemental iodine (I2). Provide.

[0008] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a process for producing hydrogen iodide. The process includes providing a gas phase reactant stream comprising hydrogen and iodine, and reacting the reactant stream with a catalytic and reacting the catalyst in the presence of niobium to produce a product stream comprising hydrogen iodide. A small amount selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt, iron, nickel oxide, cobalt oxide, and iron oxide. The catalyst comprises at least one of the following: The catalyst is supported on a support.

[0009] In another embodiment, the present invention provides a process for producing hydrogen iodide. The process involves reacting hydrogen with iodine in the presence of a catalyst in the gas phase to produce hydrogen iodide and unreacted iodine. generating a product stream comprising reactive iodine; and cooling the product stream to form solid iodine. removing at least a portion of the unreacted iodine from the product stream by removing solid iodine from the product stream by and recycling the liquid iodine to the reaction step. Systemic iodine is formed in the first iodine removal tank or the second iodine removal tank. Liquid iodine is The first iodine removal vessel is heated while the product stream is cooled by passing it through a second iodine removal vessel. The solid iodine is liquefied or the product stream is cooled by passing it through a first iodine removal vessel. In this case, the second iodine removal tank is heated to liquefy the solid iodine, thereby removing the solid iodine. The catalyst is made from nickel, cobalt, iron, nickel oxide, cobalt oxide, and and iron oxide. The catalyst is supported on a carrier. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0010] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram illustrating an integrated process for producing anhydrous hydrogen iodide.

[0011] [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 is a process flow diagram illustrating another integrated process for producing anhydrous hydrogen iodide. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0012] The present disclosure relates to nickel catalysts, cobalt catalysts, iron catalysts, nickel oxide catalysts, and the like, all supported on a support. Hydrogen (H2) and elemental hydrogen, including the use of catalysts, cobalt oxide catalysts, and / or iron oxide catalysts An integrated process for the production of anhydrous hydrogen iodide (HI) from iodine (I2) is provided. The use of such catalysts has been found to provide efficient production of hydrogen iodide on a commercial scale. The efficiency of hydrogen iodide production can be further improved by regenerating the reactants. Regeneration of iodine is expensive, with bulk prices ranging from about $20 to $100 per kilogram. Iodine is particularly important because it is the raw material for iodine. However, regeneration of iodine is difficult because iodine is converted to 113. The present disclosure also provides a method for the efficient and continuous recycling of iodine. The present invention provides an integrated process for producing hydrogen iodide, including raw hydrogen iodide.

[0013] As disclosed herein, anhydrous hydrogen iodide is a mixture of hydrogen (H2) and iodine (I2). The reactant stream is produced from a reactant stream containing hydrogen, iodine, and recycled hydrogen iodide. The reactant stream may consist essentially of hydrogen, iodine, and hydrogen iodide. stomach.

[0014] The term "anhydrous hydrogen iodide" means hydrogen iodide that is substantially free of water. The amount of water in the anhydrous hydrogen iodide is about 500 ppm by weight, about 300 ppm by weight, about 20 ppm by weight, 0 wt ppm, about 100 wt ppm, about 50 wt ppm, about 30 wt ppm, about 20 wt ppm, about 10 ppm by weight, about 5 ppm by weight, about 3 ppm by weight, about 2 ppm by weight, or is an amount less than about 1 ppm by weight, or is defined as a value between any two of the preceding values. Preferably, the anhydrous hydrogen iodide is less than about 100 ppm by weight. More preferably, the anhydrous hydrogen iodide contains less than about 10 ppm by weight of water. Most preferably, the anhydrous hydrogen iodide contains water in an amount less than about 1 ppm by weight.

[0015] The presence of moisture can lead to the formation of iodide, which is corrosive and can be harmful to downstream equipment and process lines. As little water as possible should be present in the reactant streams to result in the formation of hydroacid. In addition, recovery of hydrogen iodide from hydroiodic acid increases production costs. Add.

[0016] The hydrogen is substantially free of water, less than about 500 ppm by weight, less than about 300 ppm by weight, Less than about 200 ppm by weight, less than about 100 ppm by weight, less than about 50 ppm by weight, less than about 30 ppm by weight Less than ppm, less than about 20 ppm by weight, less than 10 ppm by weight, or less than about 5 ppm by weight or less than any value defined between any two of the preceding values. Preferably, the hydrogen contains any water in an amount less than about 50 ppm by weight. Preferably, the hydrogen contains any water in an amount of less than about 10 ppm by weight. Most preferably, the hydrogen contains less than about 5 ppm by weight. Contains any water in amounts less than ppm by weight.

[0017] Hydrogen is substantially free of oxygen, i.e., any oxygen in the hydrogen is about 500 wt. Less than ppm, less than about 300 ppm by weight, less than about 200 ppm by weight, less than about 100 ppm by weight less than about 50 ppm by weight, less than about 30 ppm by weight, less than about 20 ppm by weight, less than about 10 ppm by weight less than about ppm, less than about 5 ppm by weight, less than about 3 ppm by weight, less than about 2 ppm by weight, or An amount less than about 1 ppm by weight, or any amount defined between any two of the preceding values. Preferably, the amount of oxygen in the hydrogen is less than about 100 ppm by weight. More preferably, the amount of oxygen in the hydrogen is less than about 10 ppm by weight. Most preferably, The amount of oxygen in hydrogen is less than about 1 ppm by weight. Therefore, it is preferable that as little oxygen as possible is present in the hydrogen.

[0018] The iodine is substantially free of water, less than about 500 ppm by weight, less than about 300 ppm by weight , less than about 200 ppm by weight, less than about 100 ppm by weight, less than about 50 ppm by weight, less than about 30 ppm by weight less than about 20 ppm by weight, or less than about 10 ppm by weight, or any of the foregoing values. The amount of water is less than any value defined between any two of the above. Preferably, the iodine is More preferably, the iodine is present in an amount of less than about 30 ppm by weight. Most preferably, the iodine is less than about 10 ppm by weight. Including any water in the amount of

[0019] Solid forms of elemental iodine are available from, for example, SQM, Santiago, Chile; Kanto Natural Gas Development Co.,Ltd,Ch Hydrogen in compressed gas form is commercially available from, for example, Airgas , Radnor, PA, or Air Products and Chemical It is commercially available from s, Inc. (Allentown, PA).

[0020] In the reactant stream, the molar ratio of hydrogen to iodine can be, for example, about 1:1, about 1.5:1, about It may be as low as about 2:1, about 2.5:1, about 2.7:1, or about 3:1, or about 4: :1, about 5:1, about 6:1, about 7:1, about 8:1, about 9:1, or about 10:1 Alternatively, the ratio may be about 1:1 to about 10:1, about 2:1 to about 8:1, or about 3:1 to about 6: :1, about 2:1 to about 5:1, about 2:1 to about 3:1, about 2.5:1 to about 3:1, or about Any ratio defined between any two of the preceding values, such as 2.7:1 to about 3.0:1. Preferably, the molar ratio of hydrogen to iodine is about 2:1 to about 5:1. More preferably, the molar ratio of hydrogen to iodine is about 2:1 to about 3:1. Preferably, the molar ratio of hydrogen to iodine is from about 2.5:1 to about 3:1.

[0021] The reactant streams react in the presence of a catalyst contained within the reactor to produce a free The reactor is a fixed bed tube reactor, which includes a tube containing a catalyst, and produces a product stream comprising water and hydrogen iodide. The reactor may be a heated tube reactor, such as a tube-shaped reactor. The tubes may be made of stainless steel, nickel, and / or is a nickel alloy, for example, nickel-chromium alloy, nickel-molybdenum alloy, nickel - Chromium-molybdenum alloy, nickel-iron-chromium alloy, nickel-copper alloy, etc. By heating the tube reactor, the catalyst is also heated. Alternatively, The reactor may be, for example, a multi-tube type in which a catalyst is packed inside the tube and a heat transfer medium is brought into contact with the outside of the tube. The reactor may be any type of packed reactor, such as a reactor (eg, a shell-and-tube reactor). The reactor may be operated isothermally or adiabatically.

[0022] As mentioned above, the catalyst is a metal oxide such as nickel, cobalt, iron, nickel oxide, cobalt oxide, or nickel-based oxide on a support. The catalyst is therefore nickel, cobalt, iron, oxide, or other metal oxide. At least one selected from the group consisting of nickel oxide, cobalt oxide, and iron oxide; The catalyst is supported on a carrier. The carrier may be activated carbon, silica gel, zeolite, silicon carbide, metal oxide, etc. Non-exclusive examples of metal oxides include: are alumina, magnesium oxide, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, zirconia, chromia, and Combinations of these are included.

[0023] The catalyst may comprise nickel on a silica gel support. The catalyst may comprise nickel on a zeolite support. The catalyst may comprise nickel on an activated carbon support. The catalyst may comprise a silicon carbide support. The catalyst may comprise nickel on a silica gel support. The catalyst may consist essentially of nickel on a silica gel support. The catalyst may consist essentially of nickel on a zeolite support. The catalyst may consist essentially of nickel on an activated carbon support. The catalyst may consist essentially of nickel on a silicon carbide support. The catalyst may consist of nickel on a silica gel support. The catalyst may consist of nickel on a zeolite support. The catalyst may consist of nickel on an activated carbon support. The catalyst may consist of silicon carbide. It may consist of nickel on a substrate.

[0024] The catalyst may comprise nickel on a metal oxide support. The catalyst may consist essentially of nickel on a metal oxide support. The catalyst may consist of nickel on a metal oxide support. The catalyst may comprise nickel on an alumina support. The catalyst may comprise nickel on a magnesium oxide support. The catalyst may comprise nickel on a titanium oxide support. The catalyst may comprise zinc oxide on a zinc oxide support. The catalyst may comprise nickel on a zirconia support. The catalyst may comprise chromium. The catalyst may comprise nickel on an alumina support. The catalyst may consist essentially of nickel on an alumina support. The catalyst may consist essentially of nickel on a magnesium oxide support. The catalyst may consist essentially of nickel on a zinc oxide support. The catalyst may consist essentially of nickel on a zirconia support. The catalyst may consist essentially of nickel on a chromia support. The catalyst may consist essentially of nickel on an alumina support. The catalyst may consist of nickel on a magnesium oxide support. The catalyst may consist of titanium oxide. The catalyst may consist of nickel on a zinc oxide support. The catalyst may consist of nickel on a zirconia support. The catalyst may consist of nickel on a chromia support. It may consist of:

[0025] The catalyst may comprise nickel oxide on a silica gel support. The catalyst may comprise nickel oxide on a zeolite support. The catalyst may comprise nickel oxide. The catalyst may comprise nickel oxide on an activated carbon support. The catalyst may comprise nickel oxide on a silica gel support. The catalyst may consist essentially of nickel oxide on a zeolite support. The catalyst may consist essentially of nickel oxide on an activated carbon support. The catalyst may consist essentially of nickel oxide on a silicon carbide support. The catalyst may consist essentially of nickel oxide on a silica gel support. The catalyst may consist of nickel oxide on a zeolite support. The catalyst may consist of nickel oxide on an activated carbon support. The catalyst may comprise nickel oxide on a silicon carbide support.

[0026] The catalyst may comprise nickel oxide on a metal oxide support. The catalyst may consist essentially of nickel oxide. The catalyst may consist of nickel oxide on a metal oxide support. The catalyst may comprise nickel oxide on an alumina support. The catalyst may comprise magnesium oxide on a magnesium oxide support. The catalyst may comprise nickel oxide on a titanium oxide support. The catalyst may comprise nickel oxide on a zinc oxide support. The catalyst may include nickel oxide on a chromia support. The catalyst may include aluminum oxide on a chromia support. The catalyst may consist essentially of nickel oxide on a magnesium oxide support. The catalyst may consist essentially of nickel oxide on a titanium oxide support. The catalyst may consist essentially of nickel oxide on a zinc oxide support. The catalyst may consist essentially of nickel oxide on a chromia support. The catalyst may consist essentially of nickel oxide on an alumina support. The catalyst may consist of nickel oxide on a magnesium oxide support. The catalyst may comprise nickel oxide on a zinc oxide support. The catalyst may consist of nickel oxide on a zirconia support. The catalyst may consist of nickel oxide on a chromia support. It may consist of Kel.

[0027] The catalyst may include nickel and nickel oxide on a silica gel support. The catalyst may comprise nickel and nickel oxide on an activated carbon support. The catalyst may comprise nickel and nickel oxide on a silicon carbide support. The catalyst may consist essentially of nickel and nickel oxide on a silica gel support. The catalyst may consist essentially of nickel and nickel oxide on a zeolite support. The catalyst may consist essentially of nickel and nickel oxide on an activated carbon support. The catalyst may consist essentially of nickel and nickel oxide on a silica gel support. The catalyst may consist of nickel and nickel oxide on a zeolite support. The catalyst may consist of nickel and nickel oxide on an activated carbon support. The catalyst may consist of nickel and nickel oxide on a silicon carbide support.

[0028] The catalyst may include nickel and nickel oxide on a metal oxide support. The catalyst may consist essentially of nickel and nickel oxide on a metal oxide support. The catalyst may comprise nickel and nickel oxide on an alumina support. The catalyst may comprise nickel and nickel oxide on a magnesium oxide support. The catalyst may comprise nickel and nickel oxide on a titanium oxide support. The catalyst may include nickel and nickel oxide on a zinc oxide support. The catalyst may comprise nickel and nickel oxide on a chromia support. The catalyst may consist essentially of nickel and nickel oxide on an alumina support. The catalyst may consist essentially of nickel and nickel oxide on a magnesium oxide support. The catalyst may consist essentially of nickel and nickel oxide on a titanium oxide support. The catalyst may consist essentially of nickel and nickel oxide on a zinc oxide support. The catalyst may consist essentially of nickel and nickel oxide on a chromia support. The catalyst may consist essentially of nickel and nickel oxide. The catalyst may consist of nickel and nickel oxide on a magnesium oxide support. The catalyst may comprise nickel and nickel oxide on a titanium oxide support. The catalyst may consist of nickel and nickel oxide on a zinc oxide support. The catalyst may consist of nickel on a chromia support and nickel oxide. and nickel oxide.

[0029] The catalyst may comprise cobalt on a silica gel support. The catalyst may comprise cobalt on a zeolite support. The catalyst may comprise cobalt on an activated carbon support. The catalyst may comprise silicon carbide support. The catalyst may comprise cobalt on a silica gel support. The catalyst may consist essentially of cobalt on a silica gel support. The catalyst may consist essentially of cobalt on a zeolite support. The catalyst may consist essentially of cobalt on an activated carbon support. The catalyst may consist essentially of cobalt on a silicon carbide support. The catalyst may consist of cobalt on a silica gel support. The catalyst may consist of cobalt on a zeolite support. The catalyst may consist of cobalt on an activated carbon support. The catalyst may consist of silicon carbide. It may consist of cobalt on a support.

[0030] The catalyst may comprise cobalt on a metal oxide support. The catalyst may consist essentially of cobalt on a metal oxide support. The catalyst may comprise cobalt on an alumina support. The catalyst may comprise cobalt on a magnesium oxide support. The catalyst may comprise cobalt on a titanium oxide support. The catalyst may comprise zinc oxide on a zinc oxide support. The catalyst may include cobalt. The catalyst may include cobalt on a zirconia support. The catalyst may include chromium. The catalyst may comprise cobalt on an alumina support. The catalyst may consist essentially of cobalt on an alumina support. The catalyst may consist essentially of cobalt on a magnesium oxide support. The catalyst may consist essentially of cobalt on a zinc oxide support. The catalyst may consist essentially of cobalt on a zirconia support. The catalyst may consist essentially of cobalt on a chromia support. The catalyst may consist essentially of cobalt on an alumina support. The catalyst may consist of cobalt on a magnesium oxide support. The catalyst may consist of thiophene. The catalyst may consist of cobalt on a zinc oxide support. The catalyst may consist of cobalt on a zirconia support. The catalyst may consist of cobalt on a chromia support. It may consist of:

[0031] The catalyst may comprise cobalt oxide on a silica gel support. The catalyst may comprise cobalt oxide on a zeolite support. The catalyst may comprise cobalt oxide on an activated carbon support. The catalyst may comprise cobalt oxide on a silica gel support. The catalyst may consist essentially of cobalt oxide on a zeolite support. The catalyst may consist essentially of cobalt oxide on an activated carbon support. The catalyst may consist essentially of cobalt oxide on a silicon carbide support. The catalyst may consist essentially of cobalt oxide on a silica gel support. The catalyst may consist of cobalt oxide on a zeolite support. The catalyst may consist of cobalt oxide on an activated carbon support. The catalyst may consist of cobalt oxide on a silicon carbide support.

[0032] The catalyst may comprise cobalt oxide on a metal oxide support. The catalyst may consist essentially of cobalt oxide. The catalyst may consist of cobalt oxide on a metal oxide support. The catalyst may comprise cobalt oxide on an alumina support. The catalyst may comprise magnesium oxide on a magnesium oxide support. The catalyst may comprise cobalt oxide on a titanium oxide support. The catalyst may comprise cobalt oxide on a zinc oxide support. The catalyst may comprise cobalt oxide on a zirconia support. The catalyst may comprise cobalt oxide on a chromia support. The catalyst may comprise alumina. The catalyst may consist essentially of cobalt oxide on a magnesium oxide support. The catalyst may consist essentially of cobalt oxide on a titanium oxide support. The catalyst may consist essentially of cobalt oxide on a zinc oxide support. The catalyst may consist essentially of cobalt oxide on a chromia support. The catalyst may consist essentially of cobalt oxide on an alumina support. The catalyst may consist of cobalt oxide on a magnesium oxide support. The catalyst may comprise cobalt oxide on a zinc oxide support. The catalyst may consist of cobalt oxide on a zirconia support. The conductor may consist of a conductor.

[0033] The catalyst may include cobalt and cobalt oxide on a silica gel support. The catalyst may comprise cobalt and cobalt oxide on an activated carbon support. The catalyst may comprise cobalt and cobalt oxide on a silicon carbide support. The catalyst may consist essentially of cobalt and cobalt oxide on a silica gel support. The catalyst may consist essentially of cobalt and cobalt oxide on a zeolite support. The catalyst may consist essentially of cobalt and cobalt oxide on an activated carbon support. The catalyst may consist essentially of cobalt on a silica gel support and cobalt oxide. The catalyst may consist of cobalt and cobalt oxide on a zeolite support. The catalyst may consist of cobalt and cobalt oxide on an activated carbon support. The catalyst may consist of cobalt and cobalt oxide on a silicon carbide support.

[0034] The catalyst may include cobalt and cobalt oxide on a metal oxide support. The catalyst may consist essentially of cobalt and cobalt oxide on a metal oxide support. The catalyst may consist of cobalt and cobalt oxide on an alumina support. The catalyst may comprise cobalt and cobalt oxide on a magnesium oxide support. The catalyst may comprise cobalt and cobalt oxide on a titanium oxide support. The catalyst may include cobalt and cobalt oxide on a zinc oxide support. The catalyst may comprise balt and cobalt oxide on a chromia support. The catalyst may consist essentially of cobalt and cobalt oxide on an alumina support. The catalyst may consist essentially of cobalt and cobalt oxide on a magnesium oxide support. The catalyst may consist essentially of cobalt and cobalt oxide on a titanium oxide support. The catalyst may consist essentially of cobalt and cobalt oxide on a zinc oxide support. The catalyst may consist essentially of cobalt and cobalt oxide on a chromia support. The catalyst may consist essentially of cobalt and cobalt oxide on an alumina support. The catalyst may consist of cobalt and cobalt oxide on a magnesium oxide support. The catalyst may consist of cobalt and cobalt oxide on a titanium oxide support. The catalyst may consist of cobalt and cobalt oxide on a zinc oxide support. The catalyst may consist of cobalt on a chromia support and cobalt oxide. and cobalt oxide.

[0035] The catalyst may comprise iron on a silica gel support. The catalyst may comprise iron on a zeolite support. The catalyst may comprise iron on an activated carbon support. The catalyst may comprise iron on a silicon carbide support. The catalyst may consist essentially of iron on a silica gel support. The catalyst may consist essentially of iron on a zeolite support. The catalyst may consist essentially of iron on an activated carbon support. The catalyst may consist essentially of iron on an activated carbon support. The catalyst may consist essentially of iron on a silica gel support. The catalyst may consist of iron on a zeolite support. The catalyst may consist of iron on an activated carbon support. The catalyst may consist of iron on a silicon carbide support.

[0036] The catalyst may comprise iron on a metal oxide support. The catalyst consists essentially of iron on a metal oxide support. The catalyst may consist of iron on a metal oxide support. The catalyst may consist of iron on an alumina support. The catalyst may comprise iron on a magnesium oxide support. The catalyst may comprise iron on a titanium oxide support. The catalyst may comprise iron on a zinc oxide support. The catalyst may comprise iron on a zirconia support. The catalyst may comprise iron on a chromia support. The catalyst may comprise iron on an alumina support. The catalyst may consist essentially of iron.The catalyst may consist essentially of iron on a magnesium oxide support. The catalyst may consist essentially of iron on a titanium oxide support. The catalyst may consist essentially of iron on a zinc oxide support. The catalyst may consist essentially of iron on a zirconia support. The catalyst may consist essentially of chromium. The catalyst may consist essentially of iron on an alumina support. The catalyst may consist of iron on an alumina support. The catalyst may consist of iron on a magnesium oxide support. The catalyst may consist of iron on a titanium oxide support. The catalyst may comprise iron on a zinc oxide support. The catalyst may comprise iron on a zirconia support. The catalyst may consist of iron on a chromia support.

[0037] The catalyst may comprise iron oxide on a silica gel support. The catalyst may comprise iron oxide on a zeolite support. The catalyst may comprise iron oxide on an activated carbon support. The catalyst may comprise an iron oxide on a silicon carbide support. The catalyst may comprise iron oxide. The catalyst may consist essentially of iron oxide on a silica gel support. The catalyst may consist essentially of iron oxide on an activated carbon support. The catalyst may consist essentially of iron oxide on a silicon carbide support. The catalyst may consist of iron oxide on a gel support. The catalyst may consist of iron oxide on a zeolite support. The catalyst may consist of iron oxide on an activated carbon support. The catalyst may consist of iron oxide on a silicon carbide support. It is possible.

[0038] The catalyst may comprise iron oxide on a metal oxide support. The catalyst may consist essentially of iron oxide on a metal oxide support. The catalyst may comprise iron oxide on a magnesium oxide support.The catalyst may comprise iron oxide on a magnesium oxide support. The catalyst may comprise iron oxide on a titanium oxide support. The catalyst may comprise iron oxide on a zinc oxide support. The catalyst may comprise iron oxide on a zirconia support. The catalyst may comprise iron oxide on a chromia support. The catalyst may consist essentially of iron oxide on an alumina support. The catalyst may consist essentially of magnesium oxide. The catalyst may consist essentially of iron oxide on a titanium dioxide support. The catalyst may consist essentially of iron oxide on a zinc oxide support. The catalyst may consist essentially of iron oxide on a chromia support. The catalyst may be of iron oxide on an alumina support. The catalyst may be of magnesium oxide. The catalyst may consist of iron oxide on a titanium support. The catalyst may consist of iron oxide on a zinc oxide support. The catalyst may consist of iron oxide on a zirconia support. The catalyst may consist of iron oxide on a chromia support.

[0039] The catalyst may include iron and iron oxide on a silica gel support. The catalyst may include iron and iron oxide on a zeolite support. The catalyst may include iron and iron oxide. The catalyst may include iron and iron oxide on an activated carbon support. The catalyst may comprise iron and iron oxide on a silica gel support. The catalyst may consist essentially of iron and iron oxide on a zeolite support. The catalyst may consist essentially of iron and iron oxide on an activated carbon support. The catalyst may consist essentially of iron and iron oxide on a silicon carbide support. The catalyst may consist essentially of iron and iron oxide on a silica gel support. The catalyst may consist of iron and iron oxide on a zeolite support. The catalyst may consist of iron and iron oxide on an activated carbon support. The catalyst may comprise iron and iron oxide on a silicon carbide support.

[0040] The catalyst may include iron and iron oxide on a metal oxide support. The catalyst may consist essentially of iron and iron oxide. The catalyst may consist of iron and iron oxide on a metal oxide support. The catalyst may include iron and iron oxide on an alumina support. The catalyst may include magnesium oxide on a magnesium oxide support. The catalyst may comprise iron and iron oxide on a titanium dioxide support. The catalyst may comprise iron and iron oxide on a zinc oxide support. The catalyst may comprise iron and The catalyst may include iron and iron oxide on a chromia support. The catalyst may include aluminum and iron oxide on a chromia support. The catalyst may consist essentially of iron and iron oxide on a magnesium oxide support. The catalyst may consist essentially of iron and iron oxide on a titanium dioxide support. The catalyst may consist essentially of iron and iron oxide on a zinc oxide support. The catalyst may consist essentially of iron and iron oxide on a chromia support. The catalyst may consist essentially of iron oxide and / or iron oxide on an alumina support. The catalyst may consist of iron and iron oxide on a magnesium oxide support. The catalyst may comprise iron and iron oxide. The catalyst may comprise iron and iron oxide on a zinc oxide support. The catalyst may consist of iron and iron oxide on a zirconia support. The catalyst may consist of iron and iron oxide on a chromia support. The iron oxide may be composed of iron oxide.

[0041] The catalyst may comprise nickel and cobalt on a silica gel support. The catalyst may comprise a zeolite. The catalyst may comprise nickel and cobalt on a support. The catalyst may comprise nickel and cobalt on a silicon carbide support. The catalyst may consist essentially of nickel and cobalt on a silica gel support. The catalyst may consist essentially of nickel and cobalt on an activated carbon support. The catalyst may consist essentially of nickel and cobalt on a silicon carbide support. The catalyst may consist essentially of nickel and cobalt on a silica gel support. The catalyst may consist of nickel and cobalt on a zeolite support. The catalyst may consist of nickel and cobalt on an activated carbon support. The catalyst may consist of nickel and cobalt on a silicon carbide support. It can consist of

[0042] The catalyst may comprise nickel and cobalt on a metal oxide support. The catalyst may consist essentially of nickel and cobalt on a support. The catalyst may comprise nickel and cobalt on an alumina support. The catalyst may comprise nickel and cobalt on a magnesium oxide support. The catalyst may comprise nickel and cobalt on a titanium dioxide support. and cobalt. The catalyst may comprise nickel and cobalt on a zirconia support. The catalyst may comprise nickel and cobalt on a chromia support. The catalyst may comprise nickel and cobalt on an alumina support. The catalyst may consist essentially of nickel and cobalt on a magnesium oxide support. The catalyst may consist essentially of nickel and cobalt on a titanium oxide support. The catalyst may consist essentially of nickel and cobalt on a zinc oxide support. The catalyst may consist essentially of nickel and cobalt on a zirconia support. The catalyst may consist essentially of nickel and cobalt on a chromia support. The catalyst may consist of nickel and cobalt on a magnesium oxide support. The catalyst may consist of nickel and cobalt on a titanium oxide support. The catalyst may be comprised of nickel and cobalt on a zinc oxide support. The catalyst may consist of nickel and cobalt on a cobalt support. The catalyst may consist of nickel on a chromia support. and cobalt.

[0043] The catalyst may include nickel oxide and cobalt oxide on a silica gel support. The catalyst may comprise nickel oxide and cobalt oxide on an activated carbon support. The catalyst may comprise nickel oxide and cobalt oxide on a silicon carbide support. The catalyst may comprise nickel oxide and cobalt oxide on a silica gel support. The catalyst may consist essentially of nickel oxide and cobalt oxide on a zeolite support. The catalyst can be essentially nickel oxide and cobalt oxide on an activated carbon support. The catalyst may consist essentially of nickel oxide and cobalt oxide on a silicon carbide support. The catalyst may consist of nickel oxide and cobalt oxide on a silica gel support. The catalyst may consist of nickel oxide and cobalt oxide on a zeolite support. The catalyst may consist of nickel oxide and cobalt oxide on a silicon carbide support. The composition may consist of zinc and cobalt oxide.

[0044] The catalyst may include nickel oxide and cobalt oxide on a metal oxide support. The catalyst may consist essentially of nickel oxide and cobalt oxide on a metal oxide support. The catalyst may consist of nickel oxide and cobalt oxide on an oxide support. The catalyst may comprise nickel oxide and cobalt oxide. The catalyst may comprise nickel oxide and cobalt oxide on a titanium oxide support. The catalyst may include nickel oxide and cobalt oxide on a zinc oxide support. The catalyst may include nickel oxide and cobalt oxide on a zirconia support. The catalyst may comprise nickel oxide and cobalt oxide on an alumina support. The catalyst may consist essentially of nickel and cobalt oxide on a magnesium oxide support. The catalyst may consist essentially of nickel and cobalt oxide. The catalyst may consist essentially of nickel oxide and cobalt oxide on a zinc oxide support. The catalyst may consist essentially of nickel oxide and cobalt oxide on a zirconia support. The catalyst may consist essentially of nickel oxide and cobalt oxide on a chromia support. The catalyst may consist essentially of nickel oxide and cobalt oxide on an alumina support. The catalyst may consist of nickel oxide and cobalt oxide on a magnesium oxide support. The catalyst may comprise nickel oxide and cobalt oxide on a titanium oxide support. The catalyst may consist of nickel oxide and cobalt oxide on a zinc oxide support. The catalyst may consist of nickel oxide and cobalt oxide on a chromia support. The titanium dioxide may be composed of titanium dioxide and cobalt oxide.

[0045] The catalyst may comprise nickel and iron on a silica gel support. The catalyst may comprise nickel and iron on a zeolite support. The catalyst may comprise nickel and iron on an activated carbon support. The catalyst may comprise nickel and iron on a silicon carbide support. The catalyst may consist essentially of nickel and iron on a zeolite support. The catalyst may consist essentially of nickel and iron on an activated carbon support. The catalyst may consist essentially of nickel and iron on a silicon carbide support. The catalyst may consist of nickel and iron on a zeolite support. The catalyst may consist of nickel and iron on an activated carbon support. The catalyst may consist of nickel on a silicon carbide support. The metal may be composed of copper and iron.

[0046] The catalyst may comprise nickel and iron on a metal oxide support. The catalyst may consist essentially of nickel and iron on a metal oxide support. The catalyst may comprise nickel and iron on an alumina support. The catalyst may comprise magnesium oxide. The catalyst may comprise nickel and iron on a titanium support. The catalyst may comprise nickel and iron on a zinc oxide support. The catalyst may comprise zirconia. The catalyst may comprise nickel and iron on a support. The catalyst may comprise nickel and iron on a chromia support. The catalyst may consist essentially of nickel and iron on an alumina support. The catalyst may consist essentially of magnesium oxide. The catalyst may consist essentially of nickel and iron on a titanium oxide support. The catalyst may consist essentially of nickel and iron on a zinc oxide support. The catalyst may consist essentially of nickel and iron on a zirconia support. The catalyst may consist essentially of nickel and iron on a chromia support. The catalyst may consist of nickel and iron on a magnesium oxide support. The catalyst may consist of nickel and iron on a titanium oxide support. The catalyst may consist of zinc oxide on a zinc oxide support. The catalyst may consist of nickel and iron on a zirconia support. The catalyst may consist of nickel and iron on a chromia support.

[0047] The catalyst may include nickel oxide and iron oxide on a silica gel support. The catalyst may comprise nickel oxide and iron oxide on an activated carbon support. The catalyst may comprise nickel oxide and iron oxide on a silicon carbide support. The catalyst may consist essentially of nickel oxide and iron oxide on a silica gel support. The catalyst may consist essentially of nickel oxide and iron oxide on an activated carbon support. The catalyst may consist essentially of nickel oxide and iron oxide on a silicon carbide support. The catalyst may consist essentially of nickel oxide and iron oxide on a silica gel support. The catalyst may consist of nickel oxide and iron oxide on a zeolite support. The catalyst may consist of nickel oxide and iron oxide on an activated carbon support. The catalyst may consist of a silicon carbide support. The oxides may be composed of nickel and iron oxides.

[0048] The catalyst may include nickel oxide and iron oxide on a metal oxide support. The catalyst may consist essentially of nickel oxide and iron oxide on a metal oxide support. The catalyst may comprise nickel oxide and iron oxide. The catalyst may comprise nickel oxide and iron oxide on a magnesium oxide support. The catalyst may comprise nickel oxide and iron oxide on a titanium oxide support. The catalyst may comprise nickel oxide and iron oxide on a zirconia support. The catalyst may comprise nickel oxide and iron oxide on a chromia support. The catalyst may consist essentially of nickel oxide and iron oxide on an alumina support. The catalyst may consist essentially of nickel oxide and iron oxide on a titanium oxide support. The catalyst may consist essentially of nickel oxide and iron oxide on a zinc oxide support. The catalyst may consist essentially of nickel and iron oxide on a zirconia support. The catalyst may consist essentially of nickel oxide and iron oxide on a chromia support. The catalyst may be of nickel oxide and iron oxide on an alumina support. The catalyst may consist of nickel oxide and iron oxide on a magnesium oxide support. The catalyst may consist of nickel oxide and iron oxide on a zinc oxide support. The catalyst may consist of nickel oxide and iron oxide on a zirconia support. The catalyst may consist of nickel oxide and iron oxide on a chromia support.

[0049] The catalyst may comprise cobalt and iron on a silica gel support. The catalyst may comprise cobalt and iron on a zeolite support. The catalyst may comprise cobalt and iron on an activated carbon support. The catalyst may comprise cobalt and iron on a silicon carbide support. The catalyst may consist essentially of cobalt and iron on a zeolite support. The catalyst may consist essentially of cobalt and iron on an activated carbon support. The catalyst may consist essentially of cobalt and iron on a silica gel support. The catalyst may consist of balt and iron. The catalyst may consist of cobalt and iron on a zeolite support. The catalyst may consist of cobalt and iron on an activated carbon support. The material may be made of zinc and iron.

[0050] The catalyst may comprise cobalt and iron on a metal oxide support. The catalyst may consist essentially of cobalt and iron on a metal oxide support. The catalyst may comprise cobalt and iron on an alumina support. The catalyst may comprise magnesium oxide. The catalyst may comprise cobalt and iron on a titanium support. The catalyst may comprise cobalt and iron on a zinc oxide support. The catalyst may comprise zirconia. The catalyst may comprise cobalt and iron on a support. The catalyst may comprise cobalt and iron on a chromia support. The catalyst may consist essentially of cobalt and iron on an alumina support. The catalyst may consist essentially of cobalt and iron on a titanium oxide support. The catalyst may consist essentially of cobalt and iron on a zinc oxide support. The catalyst may consist essentially of cobalt and iron on a zirconia support. The catalyst may consist essentially of cobalt and iron on a chromia support. The catalyst may consist of cobalt and iron on a magnesium oxide support. The catalyst may consist of cobalt and iron on a titanium oxide support. The catalyst may consist of zinc oxide on a zinc oxide support. The catalyst may consist of cobalt and iron on a zirconia support. The catalyst may consist of cobalt and iron on a chromia support.

[0051] The catalyst may include cobalt oxide and iron oxide on a silica gel support. The catalyst may comprise cobalt oxide and iron oxide on an activated carbon support. The catalyst may comprise cobalt oxide and iron oxide on a silicon carbide support. The catalyst may consist essentially of cobalt oxide and iron oxide on a silica gel support. The catalyst may consist essentially of cobalt oxide and iron oxide on an activated carbon support. The catalyst may consist essentially of cobalt oxide and iron oxide on a silicon carbide support. The catalyst may consist essentially of cobalt oxide and iron oxide on a silica gel support. The catalyst may consist of cobalt oxide and iron oxide on a zeolite support. The catalyst may consist of cobalt oxide and iron oxide on an activated carbon support. The catalyst may consist of a silicon carbide support. The oxides may be composed of cobalt oxide and iron oxide.

[0052] The catalyst may comprise cobalt oxide and iron oxide on a metal oxide support. The catalyst may consist essentially of cobalt oxide and iron oxide on a metal oxide support. The catalyst may comprise cobalt oxide and iron oxide. The catalyst may comprise cobalt oxide and iron oxide on an alumina support. The catalyst may comprise cobalt oxide and iron oxide on a magnesium oxide support. The catalyst may comprise cobalt oxide and iron oxide on a titanium oxide support. The catalyst may comprise cobalt oxide and iron oxide on a zirconia support. The catalyst may comprise iron oxide. The catalyst may comprise cobalt oxide and iron oxide on a chromia support. The catalyst may consist essentially of cobalt oxide and iron oxide on an alumina support. The catalyst may consist essentially of cobalt oxide and iron oxide on a titanium oxide support. The catalyst may consist essentially of cobalt oxide and iron oxide on a zinc oxide support. The catalyst may consist essentially of cobalt oxide and iron oxide on a zirconia support. The catalyst may consist essentially of cobalt oxide and iron oxide on a chromia support. The catalyst may be composed of cobalt oxide and iron oxide on an alumina support. The catalyst may consist of cobalt oxide and iron oxide on a magnesium oxide support. The catalyst may consist of cobalt oxide and iron oxide on a zinc oxide support. The catalyst may consist of cobalt oxide and iron oxide on a zirconia support. The catalyst may consist of cobalt oxide and iron oxide on a chromia support.

[0053] The catalyst may be in the form of beads, pellets, extrudates, powders, spheres, or meshes. Preferably, the catalyst comprises nickel on an alumina support. More preferably, the catalyst comprises nickel on an alumina support. Most preferably, the catalyst comprises nickel on an alumina support in the form of a catalyst plate having a diameter of about 1 mm. It comprises nickel on an alumina support in the form of pellets having diameters in the range of about 7 mm.

[0054] The catalysts are commercially available. Various formulations (weight parts per million) of nickel metal supported on alumina are For example, Honeywell UOP (Des Plaines, IL, It is available from Johnson & Johnson (London, UK) or Johnson Matthey (London, UK).

[0055] The weight percent of the catalyst as a percentage of the total weight of the catalyst and support is, for example, about 0.1 weight percent (wt%), about 1 wt%, about 3 wt%, about 5 wt%, about 10 wt% %, about 15% by weight, or about 20% by weight, or about 35% by weight, about 40% by weight, or about 50% by weight, or about 60% by weight, or about 70% by weight, or about 80% by weight, or about 90% by weight, or about 100% by weight, or about 15% by weight, or about 20% by weight, or about 35% by weight, or about 40% by weight, 0%, about 45%, or as much as about 50% by weight, or about 0. 1% to approximately 50% by weight, approximately 3% to approximately 45% by weight, approximately 10% to approximately 40% by weight, approximately Of the aforementioned values, such as 15% by weight to about 35% by weight, or about 3% by weight to about 25% by weight, The weight percent of the catalyst may be within any range defined between any two of the above. The weight percent of the catalyst is about 5% to about 45% by weight. is about 10% by weight to about 40% by weight. Most preferably, the weight percentage of the catalyst is about It is 15% by weight to about 35% by weight.

[0056] The catalyst may, for example, have a mass of about 1 square meter (m 2 / g), approx. 5m 2 / g, approx. 1 0m 2 / g, approx. 25m 2 / g, approx. 40m 2 / g, approx. 60m 2 / g, or about 80m 2 / g, or about 100 m 2 / g, approx. 120m 2 / g, approx. 1 50m 2 / g, approx. 200m 2 / g, approx. 250m 2 / g, approx. 300m 2 / g, or about 1 ,000m 2 / g or about 1 m 2 / g~about 10 0m 2 / g, approx. 5m 2 / g~about 300m 2 / g, approx. 10m 2 / g ~ approx. 250m 2 / g, approx. 25m 2 / g~about 200m 2 / g, approx. 40m 2 / g~about 150m 2 / g, approx. 60m 2 / g ~about 120m 2 / g, or about 80m 2 / g ~ approx. 120m 2 / g, etc. The catalyst may have a surface area within any range defined between any two of the above. is determined by the BET method according to ISO 9277:2010.

[0057] The reactant flow may be, for example, about 0.1 seconds, about 2 seconds, about 4 seconds, about 6 seconds, about 8 seconds, about 10 seconds, For a contact time as short as about 15 seconds, about 20 seconds, about 25 seconds, or about 30 seconds, or for about 40 seconds , approx. 50 seconds, approx. 60 seconds, approx. 70 seconds, approx. 80 seconds, approx. 100 seconds, approx. 120 seconds, approx. 200 seconds, young or for a contact time of about 0.1 seconds to about 1,800 seconds, Approximately 2 seconds to approximately 120 seconds, approximately 4 seconds to approximately 100 seconds, approximately 6 seconds to approximately 80 seconds, approximately 8 seconds to approximately 70 seconds, approximately 1 0 seconds to about 60 seconds, about 15 seconds to about 50 seconds, about 20 seconds to about 40 seconds, about 20 seconds to about 30 seconds, about 1 Any two of the above values, such as 0 seconds to about 20 seconds, or about 100 seconds to about 120 seconds The reaction may be contacted with the catalyst for any range of contact times defined between 0.1 and 0.5. The reactant stream is contacted with the catalyst for a contact time of about 2 seconds to about 200 seconds. The reactant stream is contacted with the catalyst for a contact time of from about 40 seconds to about 100 seconds. The reactant stream contacts the catalyst for a contact time of from about 60 seconds to about 80 seconds.

[0058] The reactant streams and catalyst may be preheated to the reaction temperature. The reaction temperature may be, for example, about 1 50℃, about 200℃, about 250℃, about 280℃, about 290℃, about 300℃, about 310℃, Or it may be as low as about 320°C, or about 330°C, about 340°C, about 350°C, about 3 60°C, about 380°C, about 400°C, about 450°C, about 500°C, about 550°C, or about 6 The reaction temperature may be as high as about 150° C. to about 600° C., or about 200° C. to about 600° C. ℃~about 550℃, about 250℃~about 500℃, about 280℃~about 450℃, about 290℃~about 4 00℃, about 300℃ to about 380℃, about 310℃ to about 360℃, about 320℃ to about 350℃, or between any two of the aforementioned values, such as about 320°C to about 340°C. The reaction temperature may be within any range. Preferably, the reaction temperature is about 200° C. to about 500° C. More preferably, the reaction temperature is about 300° C. to about 400° C. Most preferably, the reaction The temperature is about 300°C to about 350°C.

[0059] Hydrogen in the reactant stream to the reactor converts the corresponding metals into nickel oxide, copper oxide, The catalyst containing ballast and / or iron oxide is preferably reduced. It is previously reduced by a flow of hydrogen through the reactor, reducing the catalyst to the corresponding metal.

[0060] The operating pressure of the reactor is, for example, about 10 kPag (kilopascals, gauge pressure), about 50 kPag, approx. 100kPag, approx. 200kPag, approx. 300kPag, approx. 400kPag , or may be as low as about 600 kPag, or about 800 kPag, about 1,000 kPag Pag, about 1,500kPag, about 2,000kPag, about 2,500kPag, about 3, 000 kPag, or may be as high as about 4,000 kPag, or about 10 kPag ag~approx. 4,000kPag, approx. 50kPag~approx. 3,000kPag, approx. 100kPa g ~ approx. 2,500kPag, approx. 200kPag ~ approx. 2,000kPag, approx. 300kPa g to about 1,500 kPag, about 400 kPag to about 1,000 kPag, about 600 kPa g to about 800 kPag, or about 10 kPag to about 800 kPag, The range may be any range defined between any two of the above. The operating pressure is from about 10 kPag to about 800 kPag. More preferably, the reactor is operated at The pressure is from about 10 kPag to about 400 kPag. Most preferably, the reactor operating pressure is is about 10 kPag to about 200 kPag.

[0061] Iodine is transferred from solid iodine to the reactor in a continuous or intermittent manner to a heated iodine liquefaction unit. Liquid iodine is provided periodically to maintain a specific concentration of liquid iodine in the liquefier. A positive pressure is maintained in the liquefaction device to deliver the liquid iodine to the iodine vaporizer. For example, if a pump is used, it can be calculated based on the pump stroke volume. and / or by passing liquid iodine through a flow meter, the weight of the tank that provides the iodine. The temperature of the iodine in the iodine liquefaction device can be provided by monitoring the decrease in the iodine The temperature is high enough to dissolve the iodine, but low enough to avoid evaporation of the iodine. The liquid iodine is evaporated in the evaporator to form iodine vapor. The iodine vapor exiting the reactor may be mixed with hydrogen gas from a hydrogen source to form a reactant stream. Alternatively, or in addition, hydrogen gas from a hydrogen supply aids in the evaporation of iodine. In either case, the iodine may be fed to the iodine vaporizer to reduce the evaporation temperature. In this case, the hydrogen gas may further comprise regenerated hydrogen gas and hydrogen iodide. The mixture is preheated to temperature and fed into a reactor pre-charged with any of the catalysts listed above. Heat trace the process lines between the evaporator and the iodine to ensure that the iodine remains liquid in these lines. Processes for transporting iodine vapor and hydrogen / iodine vapor mixtures The lines are heat traced to ensure that the gas phase is maintained. Alternatively, the iodine can be Solid iodine may be provided to a vessel where it is evaporated and evaporated to produce iodine vapor.

[0062] The product stream, which includes hydrogen iodide, unreacted hydrogen, and unreacted iodine, is passed from the reactor through one or more The product stream is then cooled to condense the unreacted iodine and form At least a portion of the iodine is removed from the stream to allow it to be regenerated as a reactant. Optionally, the product stream is subjected to a purification step prior to condensing the unreacted iodine in one or more iodine removal vessels. The product stream is directed to a cooler to remove some of the heat from the stream. One or more iodine removal tanks In the process, the product stream is heated to a temperature lower than the boiling point of iodine but not to a temperature higher than the boiling point of iodine in order to recover the iodine in liquid form. Alternatively, or in addition, the reactor may be cooled to a temperature above the melting point of the element. The resulting product stream is cooled below the melting point of iodine to recover the iodine in solid form. The product stream may be passed from one or more iodine removal vessels to one or more further iodine removal vessels. to remove additional unreacted iodine for regeneration.

[0063] A product stream substantially free of iodine is directed from the one or more iodine removal vessels to a compressor. This allows the pressure of the product stream to be increased to a separation pressure sufficient for efficient recovery of the unreacted hydrogen. The separation pressure is greater than the operating pressure of the reactor. For example, the separation pressure is about 800 kPag. About 850kPag, about 900kPag, about 950kPag, or about 1,000kPa g, or about 1,100 kPag, about 1,200 kPag, about 1,3 00kPag, about 1,400kPag, or about 1,500kPag. or about 800 kPag to about 1,500 kPag, about 850 kPag to about 1, 400kPag, approx. 900kPag to approx. 1,300kPag, approx. 950kPag to approx. 1, 200kPag, about 1,000kPag to about 1,100kPag, or about 900kPag Any value defined between any two of the preceding values, such as 1,100 kPa to 1,100 kPa Preferably, the separation pressure is in the range of about 10 kPag to about 2,000 kPag. More preferably, the separation pressure is about 300 kPag to about 1,500 kPag. Most preferably, the separation pressure is from about 600 kPag to about 1,000 kPag.

[0064] The compressed product stream is subjected to a single stage flash cooling or The vapor stream contains hydrogen and a small amount of hydrogen iodide. The liquid stream contains substantially no hydrogen. The total amount of the high boiling point material does not include hydrogen iodide, residual iodine, and any water. The vapor stream can be recycled to the reactor. The liquid stream is a mixture of the residual iodine and any residual water in the bottoms stream. The liquid hydrogen iodide in the overhead stream is introduced into a distillation column for separation from other high boiling materials, including The high boiling materials are sent to the bottoms of the distillation column for further processing, including iodine recovery and regeneration. The overhead vapor withdrawal from the distillation column is taken from any non-condensable gases, such as hydrogen. This may be done as a purge to remove gases.

[0065] Alternatively, the product stream may be free of unreacted high boiling materials such as hydrogen iodide and any residual iodine. Heavier distillates from one or more iodine removal tanks to separate them from lower boiling materials such as hydrogen. The high boiling materials can be directed to a heavy distillation column to separate the hydrogen iodide from the residual iodine. The bottom stream of the distillation column is directed to the iodine regeneration distillation column. It contains hydrogen and any residual hydrogen iodide. The top stream of the heavy column is directed to the product distillation column. The bottom stream is recycled to the iodine liquefaction unit, where hydrogen iodide is separated from hydrogen and other non-condensables. In order to separate gas from the heavy column and the iodine regenerator, a hydrogen iodide-containing gas is added to the iodine regenerator. The overhead stream from the product column, which contains hydrogen and residual hydrogen iodide, is directed to a product distillation column. The bottoms stream of the product column comprises purified hydrogen iodide.

[0066] In any of the above processes, additional product may be added to increase the purity of the hydrogen iodide. The purified hydrogen iodide may be further treated in a downstream process, such as any of the processes described above. Before use in the process, pass it through a suitable desiccant to remove any residual moisture. The purified hydrogen iodide may be provided directly to a subsequent process. In addition, purified hydrogen iodide is stored for short-term storage before being used in subsequent processes. The iodine and hydrogen may be collected in storage tanks. Regeneration of iodine and hydrogen may be performed using a Resulting in efficient processes.

[0067] The present disclosure relates to a method for producing a carrier-supported nickel, cobalt, iron, nickel oxide, cobalt oxide, and the like. Hydrogen (H2) and elemental iodine (I2), including using iron oxide and / or iron oxide catalysts. 2) The process for producing hydrogen iodide (HI) from iodine was a batch process, as described below. It may be a continuous process.

[0068] FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram showing an integrated process for producing anhydrous hydrogen iodide. As shown in FIG. 1, the integrated process 10 comprises the steps of: Solid iodine 12 may be added to the solid storage tank 16 continuously or intermittently. The flow of solid iodine-18 can be carried out by a solids conveying system (not shown) or by gravity. The iodine is continuously or intermittently transferred from the solids storage tank 16 to the iodine liquefaction system 20. The solid iodine is heated above its melting point but below its boiling point, and is then liquefied in iodine liquefaction apparatus 2. 1. Maintain the level of liquid iodine within 100%. Although only one liquefaction device 20 is shown, multiple liquefaction devices may be used. It is understood that multiple liquefaction devices 20 may be used in a parallel configuration. The iodine flows from the iodine liquefaction device 20 to the iodine vaporizer 24. The iodine liquefaction device 20 converts liquid iodine into The flow of gas may be pressurized with an inert gas to drive the flow of gas 2. Examples of inert gas include For example, nitrogen, argon, or helium, or a mixture thereof, may be mentioned. Alternatively or additionally, the flow of liquid iodine 22 may be driven by a pump (not shown). The flow rate of the liquid iodine 22 may be controlled by a liquid flow controller 26. In the iodine vaporizer 24, iodine is heated above its boiling point, producing a flow of iodine vapor 28. Form.

[0069] The flow rate of hydrogen 14 may be controlled by a gas flow controller 30. The stream 8 and the stream of hydrogen 14 are fed to a superheater 36 where they are heated to a reaction temperature to produce the reactants Forming stream 38. Reactant stream 38 is fed to reactor 40.

[0070] The reactant stream 38 reacts in the presence of a catalyst 42 contained within a reactor 40 to produce a product stream Catalyst 42 may be any of the catalysts described herein. Stream 44 contains hydrogen iodide, unreacted iodine, unreacted hydrogen, and trace amounts of water and other high boiling impurities. It may contain pure substances.

[0071] The product stream 44 may be fed to an upstream valve 46. The upstream valve 46 may direct the product stream 44 through Alternatively, product stream 44 may be directed to an iodine removal process. Before being cooled, the mixture may be passed through a cooler (not shown) to remove some of the heat. The first iodine removal device 48a includes a first iodine removal tank 50a and a second iodine removal tank 50b. The product stream 44 may include a first iodine removal vessel 50a having a boiling point of iodine. to a temperature below 400° C. to condense or sublimate at least a portion of the iodine into product stream 44. The product stream 44 may be further separated from the iodine in a first iodine removal vessel 50a. The first iodine is separated from the product stream 44 by cooling to a temperature below its melting point. At least a portion of the iodine is deposited as a solid in removal vessel 50a to produce an iodine-depleted product stream 52. The iodine-reduced product stream 52 may be fed to a second iodine removal vessel 50b for cooling. and separating at least a portion of the additional iodine from the iodine-reduced product stream 52 for further crude iodine extraction. A purified hydrogen iodide product stream 54 may be produced.

[0072] The first iodine removal apparatus 48a consists of two iodine removal tanks operating in a series arrangement. The first iodine removal system 48a comprises two or more iodine removal tanks operating in a parallel configuration. , more than two iodine removal tanks operating in a series arrangement, or any combination thereof. It should be understood that the first iodine removal device 48a may be a single iodine removal tank. It should also be understood that any of the iodine removal vessels may include a heat exchanger. It is further understood that the vessel may be in the form of a heat exchanger or a heat exchanger. It will also be appreciated that the processes may be combined into a single vessel with a cooling stage.

[0073] The iodine collected in the first iodine removal vessel 50a forms a first iodine regeneration stream 56a. Similarly, the iodine collected in the second iodine removal tank 50b may be recycled to the second iodine recycle tank. A first iodine regeneration stream 56a and a second iodine regeneration stream 56b may be formed. Each of the may be fed to the iodine liquefaction system 20 either continuously or intermittently as shown. and / or may be supplied to an iodine vaporizer 24.

[0074] To provide continuous operation while collecting iodine in solid form, an upstream valve 46 is provided to The stream 44 may be configured to selectively direct to a second iodine remover 48b. The second iodine removal device 48b is substantially similar to the first iodine removal device 48a described above. The first iodine removal tank 50a of the first iodine removal device 48a or the second iodine removal tank 50b of the first iodine removal device 48a may be Either of the removal tanks 50b accumulates sufficient solid iodine for convenient removal of the solid iodine. and selecting upstream valve 46 to direct product stream 44 from first iodine removal device 48a to second iodine removal device 48b. At about the same time, the crude hydrogen iodide product stream 54 may be directed to the first uranyl removal unit 48b. Selectively induced from either the first iodine removal device 48a or the second iodine removal device 48b. 5, by selecting a downstream valve 58 configured to selectively couple the crude hydrogen iodide product stream 54 to the second iodine The iodine may be derived from a removal device 48b, which removes iodine from the product stream 44. The process of producing crude hydrogen iodide product stream 54 may continue uninterrupted. When stream 44 is no longer directed to first iodine removal device 48a, first iodine removal device The first iodine removal tank 50a and the second iodine removal tank 50b of the iodine removal tank 48a are heated to a temperature exceeding the melting point of iodine. The first iodine may then be heated to liquefy the solid iodine, whereby the liquefied iodine is through a first iodine regeneration stream 56a and a second iodine regeneration stream 56b of the iodine removal device 48a; It may flow to an iodine liquefaction device 20.

[0075] As the process continues, the first iodine removal tank 5 of the second iodine removal device 48b Either the first iodine removal tank 50a or the second iodine removal tank 50b may have sufficient iodine to facilitate removal of solid iodine. Upon accumulation of solid iodine, upstream valve 46 is selected to direct product stream 44 to a second iodine removal device. 48b back to the first iodine removal device 48a, and a downstream valve 58 may be selected to Alternatively, crude hydrogen iodide product stream 54 may be derived from first iodine removal unit 48a. However, this removes iodine from product stream 44 to produce crude hydrogen iodide product stream 54. The process of removing iodine may continue without interruption. When the iodine is no longer guided to the second iodine removal device 48b, the first iodine removal tank 50a of the second iodine removal device 48b The second iodine removal tank 50b is heated above the melting point of iodine to liquefy the solid iodine. This allows the liquefied iodine to be fed to the first iodine recycler of the second iodine remover 48b. The raw iodine stream 56a and the second iodine recycle stream 56b may flow to the iodine liquefaction system 20. Continually switching between the first iodine removal device 48a and the second iodine removal device 48b This allows for efficient and continuous removal and regeneration of unreacted iodine in the product stream 44. good.

[0076] As described above, the liquid iodine is passed through the first iodine removal device 48a and the second iodine removal device 48b. The iodine solution is then passed through a first iodine regeneration stream 56a and a second iodine regeneration stream 56b of the device 48b. Alternatively, the liquid iodine may flow to a first iodine remover 48a and The first iodine regeneration stream 56a and the second iodine regeneration stream 56b of the second iodine removal device 48b to the iodine vaporizer 24, bypassing the iodine liquefaction device 20 and the liquid flow control device 26. You may do so.

[0077] In the integrated process shown in FIG. 1, the crude hydrogen iodide product stream 54 is passed to a heavier distillation column 60 The heavy distillation column 60 separates hydrogen iodide and residue from low boiling materials such as unreacted hydrogen. The heavy distillation column 60 may be configured for separation of high boiling materials such as unreacted iodine. The bottoms stream 62 containing the hydrogen iodide and residual unreacted iodine is fed to an iodine regeneration column 64. The iodine regeneration tower 64 is configured for separation of residual unreacted iodine from the hydrogen iodide. The bottoms stream 66 of the iodine regeneration tower 64 containing unreacted iodine may be fed to the iodine liquefaction system 20. Alternatively, the bottom stream of the iodine regeneration tower 64 containing unreacted iodine may be returned to the 66 may be returned to the iodine liquefaction system 24 for regeneration. An overhead stream 68 of column 64 may be provided to a product distillation column 70 .

[0078] A tops stream 72 containing hydrogen and residual hydrogen iodide from the heavy distillation column 60 is also fed to the product distillation column. The product distillation column 70 may be provided to a product distillation column 70 which separates the unreacted hydrogen from the hydrogen iodide. The top stream 7 of the product column 70 containing unreacted hydrogen and residual hydrogen iodide may be 4 may be recycled back to reactor 40. The resulting purified hydrogen iodide product may be The product may be collected from the bottoms stream 76 of the product column 70.

[0079] FIG. 2 is a process flow diagram illustrating an alternative integrated process for producing anhydrous hydrogen iodide. The integration process 78 shown in FIG. 2 is similar to the integration process 10 described above with reference to FIG. to produce crude hydrogen iodide product stream 54. In integrated process 78 of FIG. The crude hydrogen iodide product stream 54 is fed to a compressor 80 to compress the crude hydrogen iodide product stream 54. The pressure is increased to facilitate recovery of hydrogen and hydrogen iodide. The pressure of the hydrogen product stream 54 is increased to a separation pressure that is greater than the operating pressure of the reactor 42. The compressed product stream 82 is then compressed to produce a compressed product stream 82. The compressed product stream 82 is then compressed to produce a compressed product stream 82, which is then compressed to produce a compressed product stream 82. To separate high boiling materials, such as hydrogen iodide and traces of residual unreacted iodine, from low boiling materials. The condensed water is then guided to a partial condenser 84 where it is subjected to a single-stage flash cooling for cooling the condensed water. The overhead stream 86, which contains the hydrogen and residual hydrogen iodide, may be returned to the reactor 40 for regeneration. A bottoms stream 88 from partial condenser 84 containing hydrogen iodide, traces of residual unreacted iodine and traces of The water may be fed to product column 90, which is used to separate the remaining unreacted hydrogen iodide from the hydrogen iodide. The reactor may be configured for the separation of unreacted iodine, water, and other high boiling compounds. The bottoms stream 92 of product column 90 containing oxygen may be returned to liquefaction system 20 for regeneration. Alternatively, the bottoms stream 92 of the product column 90 containing unreacted iodine is returned to the iodine liquefaction system 24. The resulting purified hydrogen iodide product is collected from the top stream 94 of product column 90. Purge stream 96 may be collected from product column 90 to control the accumulation of low boiling impurities. A portion of purge stream 96 may be returned to reactor 40 for regeneration. However, another portion may be discarded.

[0080] Although the invention has been described with respect to an exemplary design, the invention is not limited to the teachings of this disclosure. Further, this application is directed to the technical field to which the present invention pertains. It is intended to cover such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice in the art. It is intended.

[0081] As used herein, "any range defined between any two of the preceding values" means The phrase "within a range" means that the values ​​are in a lower part of the list or in a higher part of the list. Any range may include any two of the values ​​listed before such clause, regardless of whether they are inclusive or exclusive. For example, a pair of values ​​may be selected from two lower values, two higher values, The concentration may be selected from a lower value, a higher value, or a lower value and a higher value. EXAMPLES

[0082] Example 1: Preparation of hydrogen iodide from hydrogen and iodine catalyzed by nickel catalyst In Example 1, the reaction of hydrogen (H2) and elemental iodine (I2) according to Equation 3 above is carried out. Hydrogen iodide (HI) production can be achieved using nickel-on-alumina catalysts over a range of reaction conditions. The hydrogen gas and iodine vapor mixture was introduced into the reactor in a fixed bed tube. The catalyst in the reactor was activated. The catalyst was purged with nitrogen gas, and then hydrogen gas was introduced. The reactor was heated to 120° C. and held for 2 hours, then the reactor temperature was increased to 230° C., and then The catalyst was activated by holding the reactor at 40° C. for 1 hour. The temperature of the reactor was then increased to the desired reaction temperature. A fixed flow rate of hydrogen was applied to the flask, which was initially charged with a fixed amount of solid elemental iodine. The iodine was then bubbled into an iodine vaporizer, whose temperature was kept at 150 °C to generate iodine vapor. The temperature of the evaporator and the hydrogen flow rate were appropriately adjusted to obtain a mixture of hydrogen, iodine, and A mixture of hydrogen and iodine vapor was fed into the reactor to obtain the desired molar ratio of iodine. The reactor effluent was then passed through a two-stage iodine collector. Any unreacted iodine in solid form was then collected. The iodine collector effluent stream was collected in a dry ice trap. The effluent stream was bubbled through a scrubber filled with deionized water to remove unreacted hydrogen gas. After a given period, the system was shut down and the iodine evaporator was turned on. The weight loss and weight gain of the iodine collector were measured to calculate the average H2 / I2 feed molar ratio. Residence times were calculated based on the combined hydrogen and iodine feed rates, and conversions were calculated based on the combined hydrogen and iodine feed rates. The calculations were based on the amount of hydrogen iodide and iodine fed to the reactor.

[0083] All reactions were carried out in the range of 0-5 psig. Alumina support (Ni / Al2O3) The runs using the 21 wt. % nickel catalyst above each had a run time of 24 hours. The experiments using 20 wt.% Ni / Al2O3 or 5 wt.% Ni / Al2O3 catalysts , each had a run time of 72 hours. Other reaction conditions are shown in Table 1.

[0084] The results of each run are shown in Table 1. As shown in Table 1, 21 wt. % of the nickel catalyst was On Lumina support, the average conversion was greater than 90% when the contact time was greater than 7 seconds, and the average Productivity is about 35 lb / h / ft for reaction temperatures of about 320°C to about 360°C. 3 Was A 20 wt. % nickel catalyst on an alumina support was found to be more efficient than an alumina support under comparable reaction conditions. The 21 wt. % nickel catalyst on the alumina support performed slightly better than the 21 wt. % nickel catalyst on the alumina support. The 5 wt % nickel catalyst showed much lower activity. [Table 1] Example 2: Preparation of hydrogen iodide from hydrogen and iodine catalyzed by nickel catalyst The effectiveness of the H2 / I2 molar ratio in

[0085] In Example 2, the effectiveness of the H2 / I2 molar ratio on HI capture was examined using a 21 wt.% Ni A range of reaction conditions was demonstrated using the / Al2O3 catalyst. The same experimental setup and procedures were used in Example 2, with each run having a run time of 24 hours. The HI trapping efficiency is the ratio of HI trapped in the dry ice trap to the total HI produced. As shown in Table 2, the H2 / I2 molar ratio was 2.7 (less than 3). When the H2 / I2 molar ratio was increased, the HI capture efficiency exceeded 90%, but when the H2 / I2 molar ratio was increased, the HI capture efficiency decreased. Without wishing to be bound by theory, this is believed to be due to the presence of excess amounts of hydrogen. This suggests that HI condensation becomes more difficult below 100 nm. [Table 2] Aspects

[0086] Aspect 1 is a process for producing hydrogen iodide. The process comprises the steps of: providing a gas phase reactant stream comprising uran; and reacting the reactant stream in the presence of a catalyst to produce a urea-containing gas phase reactant stream. and producing a product stream comprising hydrogen iodide. The catalyst is selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt, iron , nickel oxide, cobalt oxide, and iron oxide. The catalyst is supported on a support.

[0087] In a second aspect, in the providing step, hydrogen is less than about 500 ppm by weight of water and about 500 ppm by weight of water. The process of embodiment 1, comprising less than ppm oxygen.

[0088] Aspect 3 is directed to the method of aspect 1, wherein the providing step comprises water having less than about 500 ppm by weight of iodine. or the process of aspect 2.

[0089] Aspect 4 is a method for preparing a hydrogen-iodine mixture comprising the steps of: providing a hydrogen-iodine mixture having a molar ratio of about 1:1 to about 1:1 in the reactant stream; The process of any of embodiments 1-3, wherein the ratio is about 10:1.

[0090] Aspect 5 is the process of aspect 4, wherein the molar ratio of hydrogen to iodine is about 2.5:1 to about 3:1. This is Seth.

[0091] In a sixth aspect, the support is selected from the group consisting of activated carbon, silica gel, zeolite, silicon carbide, metal oxides, and the like. is any one of the processes of aspects 1 to 5, selected from the group of these combinations.

[0092] In the seventh aspect, the support is a metal oxide support, and the metal oxide support is alumina, magnesium oxide, etc. Sodium, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, zirconia, chromia, and combinations thereof , the process of embodiment 6.

[0093] Example 8 is the process of example 7, wherein the catalyst comprises nickel and the support is alumina. .

[0094] In a ninth embodiment, the catalyst is about 0.1% by weight to about 50% by weight of the total weight of the catalyst and the carrier. This is the process according to any one of aspects 1 to 8.

[0095] In the tenth aspect, in the reaction step, the contact time between the reactant stream and the catalyst is from about 0.1 seconds to about 1 10. The process of any of aspects 1-9, wherein the time is 800 seconds.

[0096] In an embodiment 11, the reactant stream is heated to a reaction temperature of about 150° C. to about 600° C. prior to the reacting step. The process of any of embodiments 1-10, further comprising heating.

[0097] In an embodiment, the product stream further comprises unreacted iodine, and the process further comprises removing the unreacted iodine from the product stream. An additional step is to separate the iodine as solid iodine and to heat the solid iodine to produce liquid iodine. and returning the liquid iodine to the reactant stream. ~11 processes.

[0098] Aspect 13 is the process of any one of aspects 1 to 12, wherein the process is a continuous process. be.

[0099] In an embodiment, the product stream further comprises unreacted hydrogen, and the process further comprises separating hydrogen from the product stream. and returning the separated hydrogen to the reactant stream. It is one of the processes 1 to 13.

[0100] Aspect 15 further relates to a process for separating hydrogen from the product stream, the process comprising compressing the product stream and and subjecting the cooled product stream to flash cooling.

[0101] Aspect 16 is a process for producing hydrogen iodide. The process comprises the steps of: providing a gas phase reactant stream comprising hydrogen and iodine in a molar ratio of about 1:1 to about 10:1 with respect to iodine. heating the reactant stream to a reaction temperature of about 150° C. to about 600° C.; and reacting the product stream in the presence of a catalyst to produce a product stream comprising hydrogen iodide. The catalyst may be selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt, iron, nickel oxide, cobalt oxide, and iron oxide. The catalyst is supported on a carrier. The catalyst is a mixture of the catalyst and a carrier. The contact time between the reactant stream and the catalyst is about 0.1% by weight to about 50% by weight of the total weight. Approximately 0.1 seconds to approximately 1,800 seconds.

[0102] Aspect 17 is a process for producing hydrogen iodide. The process comprises the steps of: providing a gas phase reactant stream comprising hydrogen and iodine in a molar ratio of about 2:1 to about 5:1 with respect to iodine; heating the reactant stream to a reaction temperature of about 200° C. to about 500° C.; and and reacting the stream in the presence of a catalyst to produce a product stream comprising hydrogen iodide. The catalyst includes at least one selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt, and iron. The catalyst is supported on the carrier. The catalyst is about 5% by weight to about 45% by weight of the total weight of the catalyst and the carrier. The contact time between the reactant stream and the catalyst is from about 2 seconds to about 100 seconds.

[0103] Embodiment 18 is a process for producing hydrogen iodide. The process comprises the steps of: providing a gas phase reactant stream comprising hydrogen and iodine in a molar ratio of about 2:1 to about 3:1 with respect to iodine; heating the reactant stream to a reaction temperature of about 300° C. to about 400° C.; and and reacting the stream in the presence of a catalyst to produce a product stream comprising hydrogen iodide. The catalyst comprises nickel. The catalyst is supported on a support. The catalyst is 0.1 wt % of the total weight of the catalyst and support. The contact time between the reactant stream and the catalyst is about 2 seconds to about 6 seconds. It is 0 seconds.

[0104] Aspect 19 is a process for producing hydrogen iodide. The process comprises the steps of: providing a gas phase reactant stream comprising hydrogen and iodine in a molar ratio of about 2.5:1 to about 3:1 with respect to iodine; heating the reactant stream to a reaction temperature of about 300° C. to about 350° C.; and reacting the stream in the presence of a catalyst to produce a product stream comprising hydrogen iodide. The catalyst includes nickel. The catalyst is supported on an alumina support. The catalyst is a mixture of the catalyst and the support. The contact time between the reactant stream and the catalyst is about 15% by weight to about 35% by weight of the total weight of the reactant stream. It lasts from about 2 seconds to about 40 seconds.

[0105] In an embodiment 20, in the providing step, hydrogen is less than about 500 ppm by weight of water and about 500 ppm by weight of water. The present invention relates to an embodiment 16-1, in which the iodine contains less than about 500 ppm by weight of water and the iodine contains less than about 500 ppm by weight of water. It is one of the nine processes.

[0106] Aspect 21 is a method for preparing a zeolite comprising the steps of: providing a zeolite having less than about 50 ppm by weight of hydrogen, water, and about 100 ppm by weight of hydrogen; 20. Any of embodiments 16-19, further comprising water having less than about 100 ppm iodine and less than about 100 ppm oxygen. It is a process.

[0107]

[0036] Aspect 22 relates to a process for preparing a pulp-based ... having less than about 10 ppm by weight of hydrogen and less than about 10 ppm by weight of water in the providing step. 20. Any of aspects 16 to 19, comprising water having less than about pm oxygen and less than about 30 ppm iodine. It is a process.

[0108] Aspect 23 is directed to a method for preparing a fluorine-containing fluoride ... 20. The method of any one of claims 16-19, wherein the water content is less than about 10 ppm iodine and less than about 10 ppm oxygen. It is a process.

[0109] Embodiment 24 is directed to a process in which the product stream further comprises unreacted iodine and unreacted hydrogen, The additional steps of separating the reacted iodine from the product stream as solid iodine and heating the solid iodine to form a The additional steps of producing liquid iodine and returning the liquid iodine to the reactant stream; by compressing the stream and flash cooling the compressed product stream; the additional steps of separating the hydrogen and returning the separated hydrogen to the reactant stream. 24. The process of any of aspects 16-23, wherein the process is a continuous process.

[0110] In an embodiment 25, the product stream further comprises unreacted iodine and unreacted hydrogen, and the process The additional steps of separating the reacted iodine from the product stream as solid iodine and heating the solid iodine to form a The additional steps of producing liquid iodine and returning the liquid iodine to the reactant stream; by compressing the stream and flash cooling the compressed product stream; the additional steps of separating the hydrogen and returning the separated hydrogen to the reactant stream. 24. The process of any of aspects 16-23, wherein the process is a batch process.

[0111] Aspect 26 is a process for producing hydrogen iodide. The process comprises the following steps: The process involves reacting hydrogen and iodine in the gas phase in the presence of a catalyst to produce hydrogen iodide and unreacted hydrogen iodide. 1. A process for producing a product stream comprising iodine, the process comprising the steps of: The catalyst comprises at least one of nickel oxide, cobalt oxide, and iron oxide, and the catalyst is supported on a support. and removing iodine from the product stream by cooling the product stream to form solid iodine. removing at least a portion of the unreacted iodine from the first iodine removal solution, and removing the product stream from one of the first iodine removal tank and the second iodine removal tank. When cooling through the iodine removal tank, the first iodine removal tank is heated to liquefy solid iodine. or if the product stream is passed through a first iodine removal vessel and cooled, a second iodine removal vessel. A process for producing liquid iodine from solid iodine by liquefying the solid iodine by heating the and a process for regenerating the liquefied iodine into the reaction process.

[0112] Embodiment 27 further comprises a process for separating hydrogen from the product stream. and recycling the separated hydrogen to the reaction step. This is the process of embodiment 26.

[0113] Embodiment 28 further relates to a method for separating hydrogen from a product stream, the method comprising: compressing the product stream; and subjecting the cooled product stream to flash cooling.

[0114]

[0036] Example 29 is the process of any one of Examples 26 to 28, wherein the process is a continuous process. It is.

[0115] Embodiment 30 is the process of any one of embodiments 26 to 28, wherein the process is a batch process. It is.

[0116] Aspect 31 is a method for preparing a carrier comprising the steps of: activated carbon, silica gel, zeolite, silicon carbide, metal oxide, or a combination thereof. do.

[0117] In an embodiment 32, the support is a metal oxide support, and the metal oxide support is alumina, magnesium oxide, or the like. Contains ZnO, TiO2, Zinc Oxide, Zirconia, Chromia, or a combination of these. 31 is a process of embodiment 31.

[0118] Example 33 is the process of Example 32, wherein the catalyst comprises nickel on an alumina support.

[0119] Aspect 34 relates to a method for producing a thiol-containing iodine-containing thiol compound, comprising reacting hydrogen with iodine in the presence of a catalyst in a gas phase in a reaction mixture of about 15% by weight. The process of any one of Aspects 26 to 33, wherein the reaction temperature is from 0° C. to about 600° C.

[0120] Embodiment 35 is a process for producing hydrogen iodide. The process comprises the following steps: In the presence of a catalyst, a molar ratio of hydrogen to iodine of about 1:1 to about 10:1 is used. At a reaction temperature of 0°C to about 600°C and a contact time of about 0.1 seconds to about 1,800 seconds, reacting hydrogen iodide with iodine to produce a product stream comprising hydrogen iodide and unreacted iodine. wherein the catalyst is selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt, iron, nickel oxide, cobalt oxide, and iron oxide. The catalyst is supported on a carrier, and the catalyst is a weight percent of the total weight of the catalyst and the carrier. and cooling the product stream to form solid iodine. removing at least a portion of the unreacted iodine from the product stream by forming a Solid iodine is formed in one of the first iodine removal tank or the second iodine removal tank. and cooling the product stream through a second iodine removal vessel. The vessel is heated to liquefy the solid iodine or the product stream is passed through a first iodine removal vessel and cooled. In this case, the second iodine removal tank is heated to liquefy the solid iodine, thereby removing the solid iodine. A process for producing liquid iodine from iodine and a process for regenerating the liquefied iodine into a reaction process.

[0121] Embodiment 36 is a process for producing hydrogen iodide. The process comprises the following steps: In the presence of a catalyst, a molar ratio of hydrogen to iodine of about 2:1 to about 5:1, at about 200° C. At a reaction temperature of about 500°C and a contact time of about 2 seconds to about 100 seconds, hydrogen and iodine are reacted in a gas phase. to produce a product stream comprising hydrogen iodide and unreacted iodine, The catalyst comprises at least one of nickel, cobalt, and iron, and the catalyst is supported on a support. wherein the catalyst is about 5% by weight to about 45% by weight of the total weight of the catalyst and support; Less of the unreacted iodine is removed from the product stream by cooling the stream to form solid iodine. The solid iodine is removed from the first iodine removal tank or the second iodine removal tank. and passing the product stream through a second iodine removal tank to cool the product. In this case, the first iodine removal vessel is heated to liquefy the solid iodine or the product stream is When the iodine is passed through the first iodine removal tank and cooled, the second iodine removal tank is heated to remove solid iodine. A process for producing liquid iodine from solid iodine by liquefying it, and reacting the liquefied iodine. A process of regenerating into a process.

[0122] Embodiment 37 is a process for producing hydrogen iodide. The process comprises the following steps: In the presence of a catalyst, a molar ratio of hydrogen to iodine of about 2:1 to about 3:1, at about 300° C. Hydrogen and iodine are reacted in a gas phase at a reaction temperature of about 400°C and a contact time of about 2 seconds to about 60 seconds. reacting hydrogen iodide and unreacted iodine in a catalyst to produce a product stream comprising hydrogen iodide and unreacted iodine. The catalyst comprises nickel, the catalyst being supported on a support, and the catalyst is about 10 parts by weight of the total weight of the catalyst and the support. % to about 40% by weight, and cooling the product stream to form solid iodine. removing at least a portion of the unreacted iodine from the product stream by removing solid iodine from the product stream; is formed in one of a first iodine removal tank or a second iodine removal tank; The first iodine removal vessel is heated to form a solid iodine-removal vessel while the product stream is cooled by passing it through the second iodine removal vessel. When the iodine is liquefied or the product stream is cooled by passing it through a first iodine removal vessel, The iodine removal tank 2 is heated to liquefy the solid iodine, and the solid iodine is converted into liquid iodine. A process for producing iodine and a process for regenerating liquefied iodine into the reaction process.

[0123] Embodiment 38 is a process for producing hydrogen iodide. The process comprises the following steps: In the presence of a catalyst, a molar ratio of hydrogen to iodine of about 2.5:1 to about 3:1, and a molar ratio of about 30:1 to about 3:1 Hydrogen and iodine are reacted in the gas phase at a reaction temperature of 0°C to about 350°C and a contact time of about 2 seconds to about 40 seconds. to produce a product stream comprising hydrogen iodide and unreacted iodine, The catalyst comprises nickel on an alumina support, the catalyst being supported on the support, and the catalyst and the support and cooling the product stream to remove solid iodide. removing at least a portion of the unreacted iodine from the product stream by forming wherein solid iodine is formed in one of the first iodine removal vessel or the second iodine removal vessel. and cooling the product stream through a second iodine removal tank to remove the first iodine. The iodine removal vessel is heated to liquefy the solid iodine or the product stream is passed through a first iodine removal vessel. When the second iodine removal tank is cooled, the second iodine removal tank is heated to liquefy the solid iodine, A process for producing liquid iodine from solid iodine and a process for regenerating the liquefied iodine into the reaction process.

[0124] Embodiment 39 further comprises a process for compressing the product stream to remove unreacted hydrogen. The additional step of separating hydrogen from the product stream is by subjecting the condensed product stream to flash cooling. and an additional step of recycling the separated hydrogen to the reaction step. The process of any one of aspects 35 to 38, wherein the process is a continuous process.

[0125] Embodiment 40 further comprises a process for compressing the product stream to remove unreacted hydrogen. The additional step of separating hydrogen from the product stream is by subjecting the condensed product stream to flash cooling. and an additional step of recycling the separated hydrogen to the reaction step. The process of any one of aspects 35 to 39, wherein the process is a batch process.

[0126] Embodiment 41 is a method for preparing a water-based fuel cell comprising the steps of: and wherein the water has less than about 500 ppm iodine. It is.

[0127] Embodiment 42 is a method for preparing a hydrogen-containing refrigerant having a hydrogen content of less than about 50 ppm by weight of water and less than about 100 ppm of oxygen. 42. The process of any of embodiments 35-41, wherein the water contains less than about 100 ppm iodine. .

[0128] Embodiment 43 is a method for preparing a hydrogen-containing refrigerant having less than about 10 ppm by weight of water and less than about 10 ppm by weight of oxygen. 43. The process of any of embodiments 35-42, wherein the water contains less than about 30 ppm iodine. .

[0129] Embodiment 44 is a method for preparing a hydrogen-based fuel comprising the steps of: The process of any of embodiments 35-43, wherein the iodine comprises less than about 10 ppm water.

Claims

1. 1. A process for producing hydrogen iodide comprising the steps of: providing a gas phase reactant stream comprising hydrogen and iodine; reacting the reactant stream in the presence of a catalyst to produce a product stream comprising hydrogen iodide. The catalyst is selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt, iron, nickel oxide, cobalt oxide, and and iron oxide, and the catalyst is supported on a carrier. and producing a product stream comprising hydrogen hydride.

2. In the providing step, the hydrogen has less than about 500 ppm by weight of water and less than about 500 ppm by weight of hydrogen.

10. The process of claim 1 comprising less than ppm oxygen.

3. 2. The method of claim 1 , wherein in the providing step, the iodine contains less than about 500 ppm by weight of water.

2. The process described in claim 1.

4. In the providing step, the molar ratio of the hydrogen to the iodine in the reactant stream is about 1 2. The process of claim 1, wherein the ratio of the molar ratio of the stoichiometric ...

5. The carrier is preferably activated carbon, silica gel, zeolite, silicon carbide, a metal oxide, or the like. The process of claim 1, wherein the combination is selected from the group consisting of:

6. The support is a metal oxide support, and the metal oxide support is selected from alumina, magnesium oxide, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, zirconia, chromia, and combinations thereof; 6. The process of claim 5.

7. 7. The process of claim 6, wherein the catalyst comprises nickel and the support is alumina. 。

8. The product stream further comprises unreacted iodine, and the process further comprises adding an additional separating the unreacted iodine from the product stream as solid iodine; heating the solid iodine to produce liquid iodine; and returning the liquid iodine to the reactant stream. Seth.

9. The product stream further comprises unreacted hydrogen, and the process further comprises: separating the hydrogen from the product stream; and returning the separated hydrogen to the reactant stream. Process.

10. Separating the hydrogen from the product stream compressing the product stream; and flash cooling the compressed product stream. Process.

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