Brake device

Abstract

To provide a brake device capable of obtaining a large brake force by permitting sliding when receiving an excessive wind load.SOLUTION: A brake device includes: a brake plate laminate 30 which is obtained by alternately laminating a plurality of upper side brake plates 26 comprising cross-like horizontal friction surfaces when viewed in the vertical direction, and having end portions supported by upper side support members, and a plurality of lower side brake plates 28 comprising cross-like horizontal friction surfaces when viewed in the vertical direction, and having end portions supported by lower side support members 24, in the vertical direction by matching the cross intersection central parts, and arranging them by deviating cross directions by a prescribed angle around the intersection central parts; and an actuator 32 which is disposed in a lower structure 14, and slidably brings the upper side brake plates 26 into close contact with the lower side brake plates 28 by pressing upward the center of a lower surface 50 of the brake plate laminate 30.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a brake device suitable for use as a countermeasure against wind in, for example, ultra-high rise seismically isolated buildings. [Background technology]

[0002] In recent years, buildings have tended to become larger and more complex due to redevelopment, and this trend is expected to continue in the future. Large-scale complex buildings require high disaster prevention capabilities, and the structures require high standards in terms of both earthquake resistance and wind resistance.

[0003] The adoption of a seismic isolation structure can be considered as a means of improving the earthquake resistance grade, but for high-rise buildings, which have a large wind-receiving area and large wind loads, adopting a seismic isolation structure with low horizontal rigidity would be disadvantageous in terms of wind-resistant design, so it is rare for base isolation to be used in high-rise buildings over 150m in height.

[0004] On the other hand, the need for seismic isolation structures remains strong due to past earthquake damage, and measures such as increasing the rigidity and damping capacity of the seismic isolation layer and using wind-resistant shear pins, which are metal pins inserted to physically secure the building in the event of a windstorm, have been implemented as windproofing measures for super-high-rise seismically isolated buildings. However, the reality is that shear pins are not necessarily ideal because they rely on manned operation. Also, increasing the rigidity and damping capacity of the seismic isolation layer for wind-resistant design directly reduces the seismic isolation effect, which works against the seismic design.

[0005] Nowadays, super-high rise buildings over 200m in height are being used for multiple purposes, and the need for seismic isolation is increasing. However, in super-high rise buildings, there is a trade-off between earthquake-resistant design and wind-resistant design, which is a design issue that affects architectural plans and construction costs. In light of the above background, the frontier of technological development for super-high rise seismic isolation is to develop new wind countermeasure devices and resolve the trade-off between earthquake-resistant design and wind-resistant design. As an example of a conventional wind countermeasure device, for example, a device that suppresses displacement due to wind is known (see Patent Document 1, for example). [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0006] [Patent Document 1] JP 2000-234647 A Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0007] Therefore, the present inventors have investigated a new wind protection device with the following three objectives: 1) Resolve the trade-off between earthquake-resistant and wind-resistant designs for high-rise seismically isolated buildings. 2) To enable optimal design of seismic isolation devices for earthquake-resistant design. 3) It acts during storms, ensuring safety and habitability during storms.

[0008] As a result of this study, we concluded that the following problems must be solved in order to achieve the above goals: 1) the need for wind protection devices that only contribute to wind, 2) the wind loads that super-high-rise buildings are subjected to are so large that it is not realistic to use wind protection devices alone to withstand them, and 3) the problem of ensuring the performance of friction surfaces that allow deformation and allow sliding. Below, we explain these problems and their solutions.

[0009] 1) The problem of needing wind protection devices that only contribute to wind This can generally be achieved by the building manager inserting and removing the shear pins, but there is a performance issue with the shear pins, in that once inserted, they cannot be released until the wind calms down or they break, and in addition, it is necessary for people in the building to go to the seismic isolation layer themselves to insert the shear pins during a storm, which places a heavy burden on management operations. Another problem is that if an earthquake occurs during a storm, the pins will break and their performance cannot be sustained.

[0010] One possible solution to this problem is to use frictional force as a braking force by pressing a jack against a friction plate instead of a shear pin. With a friction plate and a jack, semi-active control is possible, reducing the burden on management, and it is possible to start and release the device at any time based on control, making it possible to realize a wind protection device that only works during strong winds.

[0011] It is also possible to consider a mechanism that controls the oil flow path in an earthquake oil damper to use the oil damper like a hydraulic jack to lock the building.

[0012] 2) The wind loads that super-high-rise buildings are subjected to are so large that it is not practical to use wind protection devices alone to withstand them. If a building were to be completely fixed in place with a wind protection device, 100% of the wind load acting on the building would act on the device, and it would be required to bear a load of several thousand tons at most. In reality, the device would have to be very large to be able to bear such a large load, and the frame on the building side that supports the device would also have to be an unrealistic size, which is an issue.

[0013] A desirable solution is to have the device slide (move) in response to the wind load to release the force and allow the seismic isolation layer to deform. By allowing sliding, the wind load can be borne by seismic isolation devices and dampers other than the wind protection device, allowing them to be used in conjunction with other devices. Sharing the force with other devices makes it possible to miniaturize the wind protection device and design surrounding components.

[0014] 3) Problems regarding ensuring the performance of friction surfaces that allow deformation and sliding As mentioned above, by allowing sliding, the wind protection device can be made smaller and more realistic in scale, but the cumulative distance of sliding that the friction surface experiences during a storm becomes extremely long due to the long period of repeated wind load. When using friction as a braking force, a large friction coefficient is desirable, but friction surfaces with a large friction coefficient generally experience significant performance fluctuations (friction force reduction) when rubbed, so there is a trade-off between a high friction coefficient and performance stability against sliding.

[0015] One possible solution to this problem is to use a device that can provide a large braking force even if the friction coefficient of the friction surface is small.

[0016] The present invention has been made in view of the above, and has an object to provide a brake device that allows sliding when subjected to an excessive wind load and provides a large braking force. [Means for solving the problem]

[0017] In order to solve the above problems and achieve the object, the brake device of the present invention is a brake device provided in a seismic isolation layer between an upper structure and a lower structure which are relatively displaceable in the horizontal direction, for suppressing the relative displacement between the upper structure and the lower structure in the horizontal direction, and is characterized in that it comprises an upper support member extending downward from the upper structure, a lower support member extending upward from the lower structure, a plurality of upper brake plates each consisting of a horizontal friction surface which is cross-shaped when viewed from the vertical direction and whose ends are supported by the upper support member, and a plurality of lower brake plates each consisting of a horizontal friction surface which is cross-shaped when viewed from the vertical direction and whose ends are supported by the lower support member, which are stacked alternately in the vertical direction with the intersection centers of the crosses aligned, and the cross directions are shifted from each other by a predetermined angle around the intersection center, and an actuator provided on the lower structure which presses the center of the underside of the brake plate stack upward to bring the upper brake plates and the lower brake plates into slidable close contact with each other.

[0018] Furthermore, another brake device according to the present invention is characterized in that, in the above-mentioned invention, the upper brake plate and the lower brake plate have friction plate portions of a predetermined shape when viewed from the up-down direction, and four horizontal displacement restraint plate portions protruding in a cross direction from edges of the friction plate portions.

[0019] Further, in the brake device according to the present invention, the actuator includes a jack operated by an electric pump.

[0020] Further, another brake device according to the present invention is characterized in that in the above-mentioned invention, the predetermined angle is 45 degrees. Effect of the Invention

[0021] According to the brake device of the present invention, a brake device is provided in a seismic isolation layer between an upper structure and a lower structure which are relatively displaceable in the horizontal direction, and which suppresses the relative displacement in the horizontal direction between the upper structure and the lower structure, the brake device comprising an upper support member extending downward from the upper structure, a lower support member extending upward from the lower structure, a plurality of upper brake plates each having a horizontal friction surface which is cross-shaped when viewed from the top-bottom direction and whose ends are supported by the upper support member, and a plurality of lower brake plates each having a horizontal friction surface which is cross-shaped when viewed from the top-bottom direction and whose ends are supported by the lower support member. The system comprises a brake plate stack in which plates and lower brake plates are stacked alternately in the vertical direction with their cross-sectional centers aligned and their cross directions shifted by a predetermined angle around the cross-sectional center, and an actuator is provided on the lower structure and presses upward against the center of the underside of the brake plate stack, bringing the upper brake plate and the lower brake plate into slidable close contact.By activating the actuator when the upper structure is subjected to excessive wind load, it is possible to allow the upper brake plate and the lower brake plate to slide against each other, generating a sliding friction force and achieving a large braking force.

[0022] Furthermore, according to another brake device of the present invention, the upper brake plate and the lower brake plate have friction plate portions of a predetermined shape when viewed from the top-bottom direction, and four horizontal displacement restraint plate portions protruding in a cross direction from edges of the friction plate portions, so that a sliding friction force is generated by the sliding between the friction plate portions of the upper brake plate and the lower brake plate, and the horizontal displacement restraint plate portions can restrain the horizontal relative displacement between the upper structure and the lower structure.

[0023] Furthermore, according to another brake device of the present invention, the actuator includes a jack operated by an electric pump, so that it is possible to control the increase and decrease of the braking force at a desired timing.

[0024] In addition, according to another brake device of the present invention, the specified angle is 45 degrees, so that the direction for suppressing the horizontal relative displacement is set to the direction of a line that divides a circle into eight equal parts circumferentially within a horizontal plane, thereby achieving the effect of evenly suppressing the horizontal relative displacement in the circumferential direction. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0025] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is an elevational view showing an embodiment of a brake device according to the present invention. [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 is an elevational view of the brake device of FIG. 1 seen from a different angle. [Diagram 3] FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional plan view taken along the line AA in FIG. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view of a main part showing an embodiment of a brake device according to the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0026] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, an embodiment of a brake device according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiment.

[0027] As shown in Figures 1 to 4, a brake device 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention is provided in a seismic isolation layer 16 between an upper structure 12 (seismically isolated building) and a lower structure 14 (foundation), which are capable of relative displacement in the horizontal direction, and is a brake device for suppressing the horizontal relative displacement between the upper structure 12 and the lower structure 14, and is equipped with an upper reaction beam 18, a lower reaction beam 20, an upper support member 22, a lower support member 24, a brake plate stack 30 consisting of a plurality of cross-shaped upper brake plates 26 and lower brake plates 28, and an actuator 32.

[0028] The upper reaction beam 18 is a cross-shaped beam member when viewed from the top-bottom direction, and is composed of H-shaped steel arranged in a cross shape. This upper reaction beam 18 is placed between the upper structure 12 and the lower reaction beam 20, and is fixed to the lower reaction beam 20 via a lower support member 24. A cylindrical jack support part 34 is suspended from the underside of the center of the intersection of the cross of the upper reaction beam 18.

[0029] The lower reaction beam 20 is a cross-shaped beam member when viewed from the top-bottom direction, and is constructed by arranging H-shaped steel in a cross shape. This lower reaction beam 20 is fixed to the upper surface of the lower structure 14. A floor material 36 is provided on the upper surface of the lower reaction beam 20. The upper reaction beam 18 and the lower reaction beam 20 are arranged so that the intersection centers of the crosses are located on the same axis C in the vertical direction, and the cross directions are aligned with each other. The upper reaction beam 18 and the lower reaction beam 20 bear the jack reaction force of the actuator 32 described later, and are designed so that the jack reaction force is not transmitted to the upper structure 12 (seismic isolation building).

[0030] The upper support member 22 is a member for supporting the upper braking plate 26, and is composed of suspension columns made of reinforced concrete extending downward from four points on the lower surface of the upper structure 12. Note that the upper support member 22 is not limited to this, and may be composed of suspension columns made of steel.

[0031] The lower support member 24 is a member for supporting the lower brake plate 28, and is composed of columns made of H-shaped steel extending upward from each of the four ends of the lower reaction beam 20. This lower support member 24 is formed by arranging H-shaped steel 24A so that they are butted up and down, and joining the butted parts with steel plates 24B and bolts 24C.

[0032] As shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, the upper brake plate 26 has a friction plate portion 38 that is square when viewed from the top-bottom direction, and four horizontal displacement restraint plate portions 40 that protrude in a cross direction from the four corners (edges) of the friction plate portion 38. The ends of the horizontal displacement restraint plate portion 40 are fixed to a fixing plate 42 provided on the side surface of the upper support member 22. Note that the friction plate portion 38 is not limited to a square shape when viewed from the top-bottom direction, and may have a symmetrical shape with respect to a line passing through two of the four horizontal displacement restraint plate portions 40 that protrude in a cross direction when viewed from the top-bottom direction. For example, the friction plate portion 38 may be circular or octagonal (e.g., regular octagonal).

[0033] 3 and 4, the lower brake plate 28 has a friction plate portion 44 that is square when viewed from the top and bottom, and four horizontal displacement restraint plate portions 46 that protrude in a cross direction from the four corners of the friction plate portion 44. Ends of the horizontal displacement restraint plate portions 46 are fixed to a fixing plate 48 provided on the side surface of the lower support member 24. The upper brake plate 26 and the lower brake plate 28 can be made of thin, flexibly deformable steel plates.

[0034] Both the upper and lower surfaces of the upper braking plate 26 and the lower braking plate 28 are horizontal friction surfaces. The friction surfaces are preferably made of a material whose performance does not change after a storm or the like, and may be made of, for example, a resin having excellent abrasion resistance.

[0035] The brake plate stack 30 is a multi-layer stack of multiple upper brake plates 26 and lower brake plates 28 stacked alternately in the vertical direction with the intersection centers of the crosses aligned, and arranged with the cross directions shifted by 45 degrees around the intersection center. In other words, the intersection centers of the crosses of the upper brake plates 26 and the lower brake plates 28 are located on the same axis C, and the cross directions are shifted by 45 degrees around the axis C. The lower brake plates 28 are arranged at the top and bottom of the brake plate stack 30, but the present invention is not limited to this. The lower end surface of the jack support portion 34 on the lower surface of the upper reaction beam 18 abuts against the uppermost lower brake plate 28. In addition, the horizontal displacement restraint plate portions 40, 46 are alternately overlapped in a plan view. In this configuration, when the friction plate portions 38, 44 of the upper and lower adjacent upper brake plates 26 and lower brake plates 28 slide against each other, a friction force is generated. By stacking a large number of brake plates 26, 28, a large number of sliding friction surfaces are secured, and even if the friction coefficient of each friction surface is small, a large frictional force can be obtained as the brake plate stack 30.

[0036] In addition, the horizontal relative displacement of the upper structure 12 and the lower structure 14, which support the horizontal displacement restraint plate sections 40, 46 via the upper support member 22 and the lower support member 24, can be restrained, and the horizontal movement of the upper structure 12 can be suppressed. For example, if excessive deformation occurs in the seismic isolation layer due to wind or the like, the horizontal displacement restraint plate section 40 and the lower support member 24, and the horizontal displacement restraint plate section 46 and the upper support member 22 collide with each other, restricting the horizontal relative movement of the upper structure 12 and the lower structure 14. In particular, since the cross directions of the horizontal displacement restraint plate sections 40, 46 are shifted by 45 degrees, the protruding direction of the horizontal displacement restraint plate sections 40, 46 is set to the direction of a line that divides a circle into eight equal parts in the circumferential direction in a horizontal plane. Therefore, horizontal displacement can be suppressed evenly in all directions.

[0037] The horizontal displacement restraint plate parts 40, 46 may be configured to be thinner than the friction plate parts 38, 44. Also, the edges of the horizontal displacement restraint plate parts 40, 46 may be chamfered. This is preferable because it makes it difficult to restrict the displacement restraint operation even when the upper brake plate 26 and the lower brake plate 28 are excessively deflected by the actuator 32.

[0038] The actuator 32 presses the lower surface 50 of the brake plate stack 30 upward, and is composed of a hydraulic jack 32A. The jack 32A has a cylindrical plunger 52 having a horizontal circular upper end surface, a cylinder 54 that accommodates the plunger 52 so that it can slide vertically, and an electric pump (not shown) that sends pressure oil to the cylinder 54. The cylinder 54 is installed on a base 56 on the floor material 36, and the axis of the cylinder 54 is located on an axis C that passes through the center of the lower surface 50 of the brake plate stack 30. It is desirable that the jack 32A is configured to be operable not only by an electric pump, but also by manual operation by a person in an emergency. The jack 32A is not limited to a hydraulic type, and for example, a well-known mechanical type such as a screw type or an air type jack may be used.

[0039] The operation and function of the above configuration will now be described. When the electric pump of the actuator 32 or the like is operated to apply a jack reaction force to the lower reaction beam 20 to raise the plunger 52 of the jack 32A, the upper end face of the plunger 52 comes into contact with the lower face 50 of the brake plate stack 30 and presses it upward. As a result, the upper brake plates 26 and the lower brake plates 28 alternately stacked in the brake plate stack 30 come into close contact with each other.

[0040] When the upper structure 12 is subjected to a wind load, the upper structure 12 and the lower structure 14 are displaced relative to each other in the horizontal direction, and the upper brake plate 26 and the lower brake plate 28 are displaced relative to each other in the horizontal direction accordingly. The upper brake plate 26 and the lower brake plate 28 are in close contact with each other by the jack 32A, so they slide relative to each other. The frictional force generated during this sliding generates a braking force that restricts the relative movement of the upper structure 12 and the lower structure 14 in the horizontal direction.

[0041] Therefore, according to this embodiment, by operating the jack 32A at a desired timing via an electric pump or the like, it is possible to allow the upper brake plate 26 and the lower brake plate 28 to slide and generate a sliding friction force, thereby obtaining a large braking force. For example, the jack 32A may be operated to exert a braking force when the upper structure 12 is subjected to an excessive wind load. Also, the generated braking force may be increased or decreased by controlling the pressing force of the jack 32A. In this case, after the braking force is generated, it is possible to release the braking force at a desired timing.

[0042] The brake device 10 of this embodiment may be expected to be a cut load required for a seismically isolated building whose seismic isolation layer has a wind response state rank of A or B according to the "JSSI Wind Resistant Design Guidelines for Seismic Isolated Buildings." In addition, the braking force of the brake device 10 may be taken into account in wind response analysis to contribute to improving livability. The brake device 10 can be used not only as a wind countermeasure, but also as a friction damper during earthquakes. In this case, the brake device 10 may be activated to reduce after-sway or during a very large earthquake. The brake device 10 can also continue to operate even when a storm and an earthquake strike simultaneously.

[0043] As described above, the brake device according to the present invention is a brake device that is provided in a seismic isolation layer between an upper structure and a lower structure that are relatively displaceable in the horizontal direction, and suppresses the relative displacement in the horizontal direction between the upper structure and the lower structure, and includes an upper support member extending downward from the upper structure, a lower support member extending upward from the lower structure, a plurality of upper brake plates each having a horizontal friction surface that is cross-shaped when viewed from above, the ends of which are supported by the upper support member, and a plurality of upper brake plates each having a horizontal friction surface that is cross-shaped when viewed from above, the ends of which are supported by the lower support member. The brake plate stack is made of a plurality of lower brake plates, each of which is stacked alternately in the vertical direction with the intersection center of a cross aligned and with the cross directions shifted by a predetermined angle around the intersection center, and an actuator is provided on the lower structure and presses upward against the center of the underside of the brake plate stack, bringing the upper brake plates and the lower brake plates into slidable close contact with each other. Therefore, by activating the actuator when the upper structure is subjected to excessive wind load, the upper brake plates and the lower brake plates are allowed to slide against each other, generating a sliding friction force and enabling a large braking force to be obtained.

[0044] Furthermore, according to another brake device of the present invention, the upper brake plate and the lower brake plate have friction plate portions of a predetermined shape when viewed from the top-bottom direction, and four horizontal displacement restraint plate portions protruding in a cross direction from edges of the friction plate portions, so that a sliding friction force is generated by the sliding between the friction plate portions of the upper brake plate and the lower brake plate, and the horizontal displacement restraint plate portions can restrain the horizontal relative displacement between the upper structure and the lower structure.

[0045] Furthermore, according to another brake device of the present invention, the actuator includes a jack that is operated by an electric pump, so that the braking force can be controlled to be increased or decreased at a desired timing.

[0046] In addition, according to another brake device of the present invention, the specified angle is 45 degrees, so that the direction for suppressing the horizontal relative displacement is set to the direction of a line that divides a circle into eight equal parts circumferentially within a horizontal plane, and the horizontal relative displacement can be evenly suppressed in the circumferential direction. [Industrial Applicability]

[0047] INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY As described above, the brake device according to the present invention is useful for wind countermeasures in seismic isolation structures such as ultra-high-rise seismic isolated buildings, and is particularly suitable for obtaining a large braking force by allowing sliding when subjected to excessive wind loads. [Explanation of symbols]

[0048] 10 Brake device 12 Superstructure 14 Undercarriage 16 Seismic isolation layer 18 Upper reaction beam 20 Lower reaction beam 22 Upper support member 24 Lower support member 26 Upper brake plate 28 Lower brake plate 30 Brake plate laminate 32 Actuator 32A Jack 34 Jack support part 36 Flooring 38,44 Friction plate part 40,46 Horizontal displacement restraint plate 42,48 Fixing plate 50 Bottom side 52 Plunger 54 Cylinder 56 Foundation C axis

Claims

1. A brake device provided in a seismic isolation layer between an upper structure and a lower structure that are relatively displaceable in a horizontal direction, for suppressing relative displacement between the upper structure and the lower structure in the horizontal direction, An upper support member extending downward from the upper structure, and a lower support member extending upward from the lower structure; a brake plate stack in which a plurality of upper brake plates, each of which has a horizontal friction surface in a cross shape as viewed from above and below and whose ends are supported by the upper support member, and a plurality of lower brake plates, each of which has a horizontal friction surface in a cross shape as viewed from above and whose ends are supported by the lower support member, are stacked alternately in the vertical direction with the intersection centers of the crosses coinciding with each other, and the cross directions are shifted by a predetermined angle around the intersection center; a brake actuator provided on the lower structure and pressing upwardly against the center of the lower surface of the brake plate stack to bring the upper brake plate and the lower brake plate into slidable close contact with each other.

2. 2. The brake device according to claim 1, wherein the upper brake plate and the lower brake plate have a friction plate portion having a predetermined shape when viewed from the top-bottom direction, and four horizontal displacement restraint plate portions protruding in a cross direction from edges of the friction plate portion.

3. 3. The brake device according to claim 1, wherein the actuator includes a jack operated by an electric pump.

4. 3. The braking device according to claim 1, wherein the predetermined angle is 45 degrees.

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